02nd week of 2011 patent applcation highlights part 18 |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20110006670 | ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE ELEMENT, NEW COMPOUND FOR THE SAME, DISPLAY DEVICE AND LIGHTING DEVICE USING THE SAME - Disclosed is an organic electroluminescence element comprising an anode, a cathode and a plurality of organic compound layers between the anode and the cathode, provided that one of the organic compound layers is a light emitting layer containing a phosphorescence emitting compound,
| 2011-01-13 |
20110006671 | ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DISPLAY AND FABRICATING METHOD THEREOF - An organic light emitting display is formed with a plurality of display panels that are cut and separated from a mother substrate to form a unit display panel. Here, the substrate has a groove on its outer surface to improve the deformation strength of the cutting surface and to protect the strength of the panel from being degraded by improving the quality of the cutting cross-section. The organic light emitting display includes: a first substrate formed with a plurality of display panels partitioned by a cutting line and having a first groove on its outer surface corresponding to the cutting line; and a second substrate overlapped with an upper part of the first substrate and having a second groove on its outer surface corresponding to the cutting line, wherein the first and second grooves are formed with cutting positions lower than that of the outer surfaces of the respective substrates. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006672 | FLAT LIGHT SOURCE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - The present invention discloses a flat light source and a manufacturing method thereof. The flat light source includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first electrode, a first insulation layer, a first fluorescent layer that are in series disposed on the first substrate, and a second electrode, a second insulation layer, a second fluorescent layer that are in series disposed on the second substrate, and a gas discharge channel. The first electrode includes a conductive layer and a plurality of conical electrodes. Each conical electrode protrudes from the conductive layer and electrically connects to the conductive layer. The gas discharge channel is disposed between the first fluorescent layer and the second fluorescent layer where at least a discharge gas is filled in. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006673 | LED LAMP - An LED lamp | 2011-01-13 |
20110006674 | METHOD FOR FABRICATING NANO-SCALE PATTERNED SURFACES - A method for fabrication of substrate having a nano-scale surface roughness is presented. The method comprises: patterning a surface of a substrate to create an array of spaced-apart regions of a light sensitive material; applying a controllable etching to the patterned surface, said controllable etching being of a predetermined duration selected so as to form a pattern with nano-scale features; and removing the light sensitive material, thereby creating a structure with the nano-scale surface roughness. Silanizing such nano-scale roughness surface with hydrophobic molecules results in the creation of super-hydrophobic properties characterized by both a large contact angle and a large tilting angle. Also, deposition of a photo-active material on the nano-scale roughness surface results in a photocathode with enhanced photoemission yield. This method also provides for fabrication of a photocathode insensitive to polarization of incident light. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006675 | Xenon short arc lamp for digital a projector - A xenon short arc lamp for a digital projector, includes an anode, a cathode having a cathode main body that is made of tungsten containing electron emissive material, and an arc tube made of silica glass, wherein a supply source of carbon is formed on a metal portion in the arc tube except a tip area of the cathode, and the carbon is supplied to the tip of the cathode through a gaseous phase during lamp lighting, so that a surface layer of the cathode is melt. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006676 | PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL - A plasma display panel has a dielectric layer on a front panel, which includes a first dielectric layer covering a display electrode and containing bismuth oxide without containing lead, and a second dielectric layer formed on the first dielectric layer and containing bismuth oxide without containing lead. The content of bismuth oxide in the second dielectric layer is made to be smaller than a content of bismuth oxide in the first dielectric layer. A protective layer on the dielectric layer is formed by forming a base film on the dielectric layer and attaching a plurality of crystal particles made of metal oxide to the base film so as to be distributed over an entire surface of the base film. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006677 | ARC TUBE WITH END STRUCTURE - An arc tube of ceramic material has an aluminum nitride (AlN) end structure ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006678 | HOLLOW BEAM ELECTRON GUN FOR USE IN A KLYSTRON - A klystron has a hollow beam electron gun that has a circular planar electron emitting surface. A hollow electron beam is directed from the electron gun through a plurality of drift tubes, resonant chambers and magnetic fields to a collector. The hollow electron beam does not experience significant radial movement and can operate at a lower beam voltage which reduces the required length of the RF interaction circuit and lowers the risks of RF arcing. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006679 | LED bulb with an enlarged irradiation range by arranging led elements in three-dimension - An LED light source includes a housing having a base adapted to mount in an electrical socket; a circuit board received in the housing; an electrical circuit assembly received in the housing, the electrical circuit assembly being electrically connected to both the circuit board and the base; an LED assembly mounted on the circuit board, the LED assembly including a plurality of LED elements electrically connected to the circuit board; and a bulb mounted on an open end of the housing for enclosing the circuit board, the electrical circuit assembly, and the LED assembly, wherein the LED elements are arranged in three-dimension so as to irradiate an enlarged range. The LED elements may be arranged and shaped as a tapered tower, a tree, or a semi-sphere. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006680 | LIGHT-EMITTING MODULE AND LIGHTING APPARATUS - An object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting module having excellent light emission efficiency and excellent light distribution characteristics and also provide a lighting apparatus using the light-emitting module. The present invention is a light-emitting module | 2011-01-13 |
20110006681 | LAMP - A discharge tube of glass, filled with a halogen/noble-gas mix, which passes through a ½ lambda wave guide of alumina at an aperture ¼ lambda from one end. The wave guide is silver plated to establish resonance between its opposed ends. An antenna/probe is provided in another aperture, driven via a matching circuit from an amplifier. The discharge tube has a length greater than twice the thickness of the wave guide, extending from the wave guide on at least one side thereof. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006682 | ELECTRODELESS LIGHTING SYSTEM - An electrodeless lighting system is disclosed. A rectangular wave guide is bent substantially at a right angle, and a magnetron and a resonator are disposed at one side based on a wave guide space of the wave guide, thus reducing the space between the magnetron and the resonator and removing an unnecessary space within a casing to reduce the size of the electrodeless lighting system. Accordingly, the amount of space required for installation of the electrodeless lighting system can be reduced and the installation process can be simplified. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006683 | ELECTRODELESS LIGHTING SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - An electrodeless lighting system and its control method are disclosed. When the electrodeless lighting system starts, a larger amount of filament current of a magnetron is applied to stably drive the magnetron, and when the electrodeless lighting system operates normally, a smaller amount of filament current is applied, thus avoiding interference with a wireless LAN, lengthening a life span of the magnetron, reducing noise, and improving an operational efficiency of the electrodeless lighting system. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006684 | LIGHTING DEVICES - Lighting devices for a vehicle are disclosed that can include a light emitting diode and control circuitry for the light emitting diode. Also disclosed are circuits for a light emitting diode. Additionally, a method of forming a lighting device is disclosed. The lighting device, circuits, and method can be used, for example, to illuminate the interior of a vehicle. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006685 | LIGHTING DEVICE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A LAMP - A lighting device is provided for a vehicle with a lamp as well as a sensor device for detecting the reflected light that gets back to the motor vehicle, as well as a controlling device with an analyzing device for evaluating the reflected light from the vehicle and a dimming device that can be used to reduce the intensity of the emitted light. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006686 | ILLUMINATION SYSTEM AND ILLUMINATION METHOD FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE - An illumination system includes a detecting unit and an illuminator, wherein the illuminator responds to the detecting unit. In use, the detecting unit can detect whether at least one predetermined program is opened. The illuminator can illuminate a keyboard when the predetermined program is opened. Moreover, an illumination method is disclosed in the specification. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006687 | METHOD AND GENERATOR CIRCUIT FOR PRODUCTION OF PLASMA BY MEANS OF RADIO-FREQUENCY EXCITATION - Method and generator circuit for generating plasmas by means of radiofrequency excitation | 2011-01-13 |
20110006688 | LED LAMP DEVICE - This invention relates to an LED lamp device which can be applicable to a socket of a general fluorescent lamp, a halogen lamp, an incandescent lamp or the like by embodying an LED illuminating lamp powered by an alternating current (AC) through a simplified rectifier circuit and control of the number of LEDs without a dedicated circuit such as SMPS or the like when constructing the illuminating lamp using the LEDs, and which can reduce manufacturing costs and miniaturize the size of a product. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006689 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR BYPASSING FAILED LEDS IN LIGHTING ARRAYS - An apparatus, method and system for controlling one or multiple lighting sources such as those powered by driver circuits or voltage splitting methods, to provide an alternative current path around a failed lighting source when one or more individual lighting sources fail. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006690 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANAGING THE POWER OF AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE - An electronic device comprising a sensor adapted to sense ambient light and an indicator adapted to display a power consumption status. The electronic device may additionally comprise a processor adapted to vary the luminosity of the device based on the ambient light sensed. A method may comprise sensing ambient light, illuminating a display at a luminosity based on the ambient light, and displaying a power consumption status on the device. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006691 | VOLTAGE CONVERTER FOR SUPPLYING A SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT SOURCE, IN PARTICULAR A LED LAMP - An embodiment of the invention relates to a voltage converter for supplying a semiconductor light source and having at least an input terminal connected to a power supply reference, namely an AC mains voltage reference, and an output terminal providing a current signal to said semiconductor light source, the converter being also connected to a voltage reference and comprising at least a step-down block inserted between a switching node and to the output terminal and connected to the voltage reference and an input block connected to the input terminal, as well as to a first input node and to a first output node of a control circuit, in turn connected to the switching node and to the voltage reference. The input block is a pre-regulator input block and comprises at least a switching component connected to the input terminal and to a capacitive block, in turn inserted between a second input node of the control circuit and the voltage reference, such a switching component having a control terminal connected to the first output node. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006692 | APPARATUS FOR DRIVING CAPACITIVE LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE - A capacitive light emitting device includes: a capacitive light emitting device | 2011-01-13 |
20110006693 | SYSTEM FOR ENERGY SUPPORT IN A CDI SYSTEM - This invention relates to a method and system for generating energy/power in a capacitive discharge ignition system, said system comprising at least one charge winding (L) which by means of a fly wheel and via a first rectifier device (D | 2011-01-13 |
20110006694 | DC/DC CONVERTER CONTROL CIRCUIT, AND POWER SUPPLY APPARATUS, LIGHT EMITTING APPARATUS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE USING THE SAME - A control circuit is provided for a separately excited DC/DC converter which directly monitors output voltage to detect a short-circuit state, and performs overcurrent protection. A switching controller of the control circuit controls a switching operation of a switching transistor of the separately excited DC/DC converter. A voltage comparator compares the output voltage and a threshold voltage, to detect the short-circuit state. After a predetermined start-up time has elapsed after beginning start-up of the separately excited DC/DC converter, when the voltage comparator detects the short-circuit state, the switching controller halts the switching operation of the switching transistor, and makes detection of the short-circuit state by the voltage comparator non-operative before elapse of the start-up time. After detecting the short-circuit state and halting the switching operation of the switching transistor for a predetermined halt time, the switching controller begins start-up of the separately excited DC/DC converter once again. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006695 | Device and Method for Generating an Ignition Voltage for a Lamp - A device for generating an igniting voltage for a lamp, comprising: a first resonant circuit that is connected to the lamp via a switch; and a second resonant circuit connected upstream of said first resonant circuit. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006696 | MULTIFUNCTIONAL OUTPUT STAGE FOR DRIVING DIMMED LIGHT SOURCES AND RELATED METHOD - A drive arrangement for light sources may include: a connection line to feed a light source, a switch element coupled to said line to apply on/off signals to said line, and a controller to control operation of said switch, said controller being sensitive to at least one of a dimming signal representative of a desired dimming level for said light source and an information-carrying digital signal, wherein said controller is configured to control operation of said switch to: a) PWM modulate an on/off signal applied to said line as a function of said dimming signal, whereby the average current conveyed towards said light source and determined by said PWM modulated on/off signal controls the brightness of said light source, b) transmit said information-carrying digital signal as an on/off information signal applied to said line, whereby the information carried by said information-carrying digital signal is transmitted over said line. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006697 | LOW PIN COUNT LED DRIVER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT - A LED driver integrated circuit has a voltage input pin, a voltage output pin, a capacitor pin, and a switching circuit connected to the capacitor pin and the voltage output pin. The capacitor pin and the voltage output pin are for a flying capacitor to be connected therebetween, and thus the switching circuit and the flying capacitor establish a charge pump to convert an input voltage received by the voltage input pin into an output voltage at the voltage output pin. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006698 | OVERLOAD PROTECTION - An overload protection circuit and method for a fluorescent lamp drive circuit is presented, the fluorescent lamp drive circuit having first and second switches connected in series and a controller adapted to switch the switches on and off alternately. The overload protection circuit is adapted to detect a voltage across the first switch, and to turn off the first switch based on whether the detected voltage exceeds a first threshold voltage. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006699 | FLUORESCENT BALLAST WITH INHERENT END-OF-LIFE PROTECTION - A ballast with end-of-life (“EOL”) protection is presented in which the voltage across a lamp at EOL is controlled to prevent the lamp from overheating, while the voltage across the lamps not at EOL is maintained to allow normal operation of those lamps, and when a new lamp is added to the ballast, the AC voltage across all lamps is controlled to allow ignition of the newly added lamp without cycling the power of the ballast. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006700 | CHARGE PUMP ELECTRONIC BALLAST FOR USE WITH LOW INPUT VOLTAGE - A charge pump electronic ballast for use with low input voltage is described. The charge pump electronic ballast includes a DC/AC inverter circuit having two switching transistors, a resonant circuit having an inductor and a capacitor. The charge pump electronic ballast further includes a voltage multiplying rectifying circuit for transforming low input AC voltage into high output DC voltage, and a charge pump circuit having an inductor and a first pump capacitor. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006701 | LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - A light-emitting diode (LED) device and manufacturing methods thereof are provided, wherein the LED device comprises a substrate, a first type conductivity semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second type conductivity semiconductor layer, a transparent conductive oxide stack structure, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first semiconductor layer on the substrate has a first portion and a second portion. The active layer and the second semiconductor layer are subsequently set on the first portion. The transparent conductive oxide stack structure on the second semiconductor layer has at least two resistant interfaces. The first electrode is above the second portion, and the second electrode is above the transparent conductive oxide stack structure. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006702 | LAMP AND LIGHT EMITTING DIODE TUBE THEREOF - A lamp including a tube holder and a light emitting diode tube is disclosed. The tube holder includes a first terminal socket and a second terminal socket. The first terminal socket is electrically connected to a power source. The light emitting diode tube is installed onto the tube holder. One end of the light emitting diode tube has two first conductive terminals plugging in the first terminal socket so as to provide the power source to the light emitting diode tube. Alternatively, one end of the light emitting diode tube includes at least one first conductive terminal and the other end includes at least one second conductive terminal so as to conduct an alternate current power or a direct current power to the light emitting diode tube via the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal of two ends of the light emitting diode tube, respectively. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006703 | Light emitting diode illumination device and method for controlling electric current - A light emitting diode (LED) illumination device utilizes a power transmission line to electrically connect a driving module and at least one LED lamp body. The driving module outputs a high frequency alternating power having above 30 voltages and above 72 Hz frequencies through frequency modulation. Each LED lamp body has at least one LED element and a rectification module. The high frequency alternating power generated from the driving module is modulated by the rectification module into a direct power to drive the LED element. Accordingly, the flicker phenomenon on the light source can be effectively improved, and the filter component installed inside each LED lamp body can be omitted. A simple circuit is used to reliably drive the LED element to achieve goals of rapidly developing products and saving costs. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006704 | LEAD FRAME BY WIRE BINDING METHOD AND LED POWER LAMP USING SAME - The present invention provides an approach for overcoming the problem of using a printed circuit board for mounting LEDs in a conventional LED lamp. Provided is a lead frame by a wire binding method including: a main body ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006705 | VOLTAGE MULTIPLE DIMMING CONTROL APPARATUS - The present invention discloses a control apparatus, which not only accepts multiple dimming control signals, but also combines the signals in analog manner. By means of this, an inevitable analog to digital converter in a conventional voltage multiple dimming control apparatus can be saved without hurting the performance of generation of pulse width modulation signals. Compared with the conventional arts, the present invention further exhibits reduction in view of chip size and power consumption. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006706 | LATCH-OFF OF REAL TIME SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFICATION FOR LIGHT LOAD CONTROL - The present invention discloses a light load control circuit and the method accordingly where the synchronous rectification is latched off selectively according to the gate voltage of the synchronous rectifier. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006707 | DEVICE FOR GENERATING LIGHT WITH A VARIABLE COLOR - An illumination system ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006708 | INTERLEAVING MULTI-ENERGY X-RAY ENERGY OPERATION OF A STANDING WAVE LINEAR ACCELERATOR USING ELECTRONIC SWITCHES - The disclosure relates to systems and methods for fast-switching operating of a standing wave linear accelerator (LINAC) for use in generating x-rays of at least two different energy ranges with advantageously low heating of electronic switches. In certain embodiments, the heating of electronic switches during a fast-switching operation of the LINAC can be kept advantageously low through the controlled, timed activation of multiple electronic switches located in respective side cavities of the standing wave LINAC, or through the use of a modified a side cavity that includes an electronic switch. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006709 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AC MOTOR CONTROL - An alternating current motor control system constituted of: a control unit; a cycloconverter functionality; a phase control functionality; and a semiconductor switching unit comprising a plurality of electronically controlled semiconductor switches each associated with a particular winding of a target alternating current motor and each independently responsive to the control unit. In one embodiment the semiconductor switching unit is arranged to connect the windings of the target alternating current motor to a three phase power input in one of a star and a delta configuration responsive to the control unit. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006710 | POWER CONVERTER FOR ELECTRIC ROTATING MACHINE - A power converter for an electric rotating machine is provided which is designed to ensure a desired length of a current flywheel duration in which current is permitted to freewheel from the electric rotating machine even if the power converter is in a transient state or subjected to an unexpected change. The power converter is equipped with a controller and a switching circuit which is disposed between a power supply and windings of the electric rotating machine. The switching circuit has switches grouped into an upper and a lower arm. The controller works to control an off-operation of one of the switches of one of the upper and lower arm so as to produce a desired length of the current flywheel duration following turning off of the one of the switches, thereby minimizing a loss of rectification and avoiding the backflow of current from the power supply to the windings. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006711 | APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT IMPROVED CONTROL OF ROTARY MACHINE - In an apparatus, a predicting unit uses, as an initial value of a controlled variable, at least one of a first measured value of the controlled variable and a second measured value of a physical variable expressed as a function of the controlled variable. The predicting unit predicts, based on the initial value of the controlled variable, a value of the controlled variable when a driving mode of a switching element of a power converter is set. A driving unit has an integral element and determines, based on an output of the integral element to which a deviation between the predicted value of the controlled variable and a command value of the controlled variable is inputted, an actual driving mode of the switching element to thereby drive the switching element in the determined driving mode. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006712 | ONE-PHASE BRUSHLESS MOTOR - An electronically commutated one-phase motor ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006713 | COMPACT FPGA-BASED DIGITAL MOTOR CONTROLLER - A compact field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital motor controller ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006714 | Apparatus and Method for Providing Information Relating to a Motor - This invention relates to an apparatus and method for deriving speed and position information for an electric motor. Apparatus for and a method of controlling a motor | 2011-01-13 |
20110006715 | Control Unit and Control Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor - If magnitude relations between the output terminal voltage based on a DC negative terminal of the inverter and a threshold voltage that is a fixed value are compared, polarity thereof is changed at a predetermined rotor phase. The magnitude relation, for example, is detected by an inexpensive and simple apparatus such as a level shift circuit and a NOT circuit. The rotor phase of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is inferred on the basis of changes in the magnitude relation and if it is differentiated, a rotation speed is inferred. If the inferred values of the rotor phase and rotation speed are fed back to synchronous operation or vector control, the free-running permanent magnet synchronous motor is restarted. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006716 | METHOD FOR PROTECTING AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE DRIVEN BY DC MOTOR AND CIRCUIT FOR DETECTING POSITIONING SIGNALS THEREOF - A method for protecting an electronic apparatus driven by a DC motor and a detection circuit for detecting positioning signals thereof. The electronic device includes an optical encoder, a code strip, and a DC motor. While moves along the code strip, the optical encoder outputs a first positioning signal and a second positioning signal for the control of the DC motor. The method includes the steps described below. First, states of the first and second positioning signals are detected. If the states of the first and second positioning signals are normal, the DC motor is controlled according to the first and second positioning signals. If the first positioning signal or the second positioning signal is abnormal, a preventive method is performed. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006717 | Method for Monitoring the Condition of a Commutator of an Electric Motor - A method for detecting a packed slot condition in a commutator of an electric motor comprising the steps of: (a) providing an electric motor having a commutator, the commutator having a plurality of segments separated from each other by a slot; (b) monitoring the current going through the electric motor; (c) determining if the current going through the electric motor being monitored in step (b) has changed from a preset value; and (d) providing a signal to indicate that the current going through the electric motor has changed to thereby detect for a packed slot in the commutator. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006718 | INVERTER DEVICE - There is provided an inverter device that is small in size and has high durability against long-term use with vibration. A power substrate | 2011-01-13 |
20110006719 | PRESS MACHINE CONTROLLER - A press machine controller ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006720 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AC MOTOR CONTROL - An alternating current motor control system constituted of: a control unit; a current monitor in communication with the control unit, the current monitor arranged to provide an indication of the amount of current flowing through at least two windings of a target alternating current motor; and a semiconductor switching unit arranged to connect the windings of the target alternating current motor to a three phase power input in one of a star and a delta configuration responsive to the control unit, wherein the control unit is arranged to alternately connect the winding of the target alternating current motor in one of a star and a delta configuration responsive to a predetermined condition of the amount of current flowing through the at least two windings of the target alternating current motor. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006721 | CONTROL OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR - The invention relates to a device for controlling the speed and the rotation direction of an asynchronous motor ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006722 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENERGIZING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR AUXILIARY WINDING AND ELECTRIC MOTOR - The present invention relates to a system and a method for energizing an auxiliary winding of a capacitor-start single-phase induction motor. Said system and method aim at reducing the voltage level in the bidirectional switches present in the topology during the blocking of said switches. The system and method proposed also aim at providing smooth switching of the electromechanical bidirectional switch existing in the topology. These gains in the reduction of the voltage level in the bidirectional switches and the smooth switching of the electromechanical bidirectional switch are achieved by means of a system for energizing an auxiliary winding of an electric motor, the auxiliary winding ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006723 | MOTOR DRIVE CONTROL APPARATUS, VEHICLE WITH MOTOR DRIVE CONTROL APPARATUS, AND MOTOR DRIVE CONTROL METHOD - In the hybrid vehicle, a boost converter is controlled to make a post-boost voltage or a voltage on the side of an inverter become a target post-boost voltage corresponding to a target operation point of a motor in accordance with a target post-boost voltage setting map that divides an operation region of the motor into a non-boost region and a boost region when a operation point of the motor is included in the boost region. The target post-boost voltage setting map is prepared so that the non-boost region includes a region in which a loss produced by driving the motor when not boosting the post-boost voltages becomes smaller than the loss produced when boosting the post-boost voltage and the boost region includes a region in which the loss produced when boosting the post-boost voltage becomes smaller than the loss produced when not boosting the post-boost voltage. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006724 | SOLAR CHARGED MOBILE WORKING STATIONS - A medical work station having a solar charging system. The medical work station includes a cart that carries a computer for providing access to and keeping track of medical information. The solar charging system is operatively connected to the computer to provide a solar power input. This solar input provides a constant replenishing of power to the computer as long as there is a source of UV light, such as through inside lighting or through sunlight. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006725 | CONTAINER AND REMOVABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC CHARGING PACK - A portable container having an exterior surface and defining an interior compartment. The portable container includes a photovoltaic (PV) charging pack and a receiving device coupled to the exterior surface for detachably coupling the PV charging pack to the exterior surface. The PV charging pack includes a PV panel and defines a compartment for containing a portable electronic device. The PV panel is oriented away from the exterior surface when the PV charging pack is coupled to the receiving device. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006726 | Method and Device for Limiting the Starting Current and for Discharging the DC Voltage Intermediate Circuit - Methods and associated devices are described for discharging the high-voltage network, particularly a DC voltage intermediate circuit, in which for discharging the capacitors of the high-voltage network, switching devices are used that lie between the capacitors and at least one precharging resistor and a high-voltage battery, and the switching devices are switches having a specifiable positioning of the switching contacts or switching units or relays or contactors, which are switchable with the aid of a control device. The operation of the switching units takes place in such a way that the at least one precharging resistor is used simultaneously for charging and discharging the DC voltage intermediate circuit. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006727 | SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER - A personal solar appliance (PSA) is presented that collects and stores solar energy. A method of charging a battery from a solar cell according to some embodiments is presented that includes applying power from a bootstrap circuit when the battery has a very low state of charge or the solar cell has output below a threshold; and applying power from a maximum power point circuit when the battery and the solar cell provide power above the threshold. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006728 | HYBRID BATTERY CHARGER AND CONTROL CIRCUIT AND METHOD THEREOF - A hybrid battery charger includes a control circuit and a power stage. The control circuit includes an error amplifier to generate a first error signal and a second error signal according to an output voltage and an output current of the hybrid battery charger, a linear controller to generate a first control signal according to the first error signal, a PWM controller to generate a second control signal and a third control signal according to the second error signal, and according to a mode signal, a multiplexer to select the first control signal for the power stage to operate the hybrid battery charger in a linear mode, or the second and third control signals for the power stage to operate the hybrid battery charger in a switching mode. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006729 | RECHARGEABLE BATTERY CHARGING CASE - The invention is based on a rechargeable battery charging case, in particular a cordless handheld power tool case, having at least one battery attachment device and a case body. It is proposed that the rechargeable battery charging case has an electrical energy output and a supply unit, which in at least one operating state is connected to the energy output and to the battery attachment device for supplying the energy output. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006730 | GAS-MEASURING SYSTEM - The transmission of energy from the base station ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006731 | VEHICLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS WITH BATTERY MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS - An electronic system in a vehicle includes a motor, a charger, a battery pack, and a bus. The motor drives wheels and propellers of the vehicle. The charger generates charging power according to a control signal. The battery pack coupled to the charger and the motor is operable for generating the control signal based upon a status of each cell of multiple cells in the battery pack, for receiving the charging power via a charging path when the vehicle is stalled, and for powering the motor via a discharging path when the vehicle is started. The bus coupled to the charger and the battery pack is operable for transmitting the control signal from the battery pack to the charger. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006732 | MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOUSE - A mouse includes a housing, a circuit board received in the housing, and a battery chamber received in the housing and configured for receiving a battery therein. The circuit board includes a USB mouse operating circuit, a charging circuit and a USB connector. The USB mouse operating circuit and the charging circuit are both connected to the USB connector. The battery chamber includes at least one charging connector connected to the charging circuit. The charging connector connects the charging circuit with the battery received in the battery chamber. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006733 | CHARGING METHOD FOR AN ASSEMBLED CELL AND AN ASSEMBLED CELL SYSTEM - According to one embodiment, a charging method for an assembled cell including a plurality of secondary batteries connected in series is disclosed. The method can detect the cell voltages. The method can set a charging current setting value so as to lower the charging current setting value of the assembled cell, if at least one of the detected cell voltages reaches a predetermined charge termination upper limit voltage. The method can control the charging current of the assembled cell according to the charging current setting value. In addition, the method can stop the charge, when a lowest cell voltage is lower than a predetermined charge termination lower limit voltage at a time when at least one of the cell voltages detected reaches the charge termination upper limit voltage. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006734 | Charge State Equalizing Device And Assembled Battery System Provided With Same - A device that equalizes state of charge of each of a plurality of cells connected in series which form an assembled battery includes a control circuit and a discharge circuit for discharging each cell. The control circuit includes a unit that derives, for each cell to be discharged having a state of charge evaluation value different from an equalization target value, a discharge time or discharge end value with which the state of charge of a cell to be discharged becomes equal to that of a cell not to be discharged, and a unit that starts the discharge by the discharge circuit | 2011-01-13 |
20110006735 | Portable Computer System and Related Power Supply Device and Charging Method - A portable computer system includes a host, a power storage device and a dock. The power storage device is installed in the host, for sensing current from a first power socket to a first power terminal to generate a first sensing result, and charging a first rechargeable battery according to a first control signal. The dock is capable of connecting to the host by means of insertion, for sensing current from a second power socket to a second power terminal to generate a second sensing result, and charging a second rechargeable battery according to a second control signal. The dock includes a control device for outputting the first control signal and the second control signal according to the first sensing result and the second sensing result, to control charging operations on the first rechargeable battery and the second rechargeable battery. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006736 | Battery and Energy Management Circuit with Temporal Storage Mode - An energy management circuit ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006737 | BATTERY CHARGING METHOD AND APPARATUS - Disclosed are methods for charging batteries utilizing a charge balance approach, and charger systems using those methods. In one example, a method for charging a battery includes monitoring an amount of charge released by the battery while in a discharge state, recording the amount of charge released while in the discharge state, applying a voltage which results in current in reverse direction to the battery at a first voltage level for a time sufficient to introduce an amount of charge substantially equal to the recorded amount of charge released by the battery while in the discharge state, and maintaining the battery in a stand-by mode by applying a voltage which results in current in reverse direction to the battery at a second voltage level, the second voltage level being in a range sufficient to prevent self-discharge of the battery and insufficient to induce evaporation of electrolyte in the battery. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006738 | ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES AND RELATED METHODS - The present invention relates generally to electrochemical cells, and more specifically, to additives for electrochemical cells which may enhance the performance of the cell. In some cases, the additive may advantageously reduce or prevent formation of impurities and/or depletion of active components of the cell during operation, to increase the efficiency and/or lifetime of the cell. The incorporation of certain additives within the electrolyte of the cell may improve the cycling lifetime and/or performance of the cell. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006739 | MOBILE COMMUNICATION TERMINAL AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - A mobile communication terminal has a first wireless communication interface capable of detachably connecting an external apparatus, a determination unit for determining whether the external apparatus connected to the interface is a second wireless communication unit, a battery voltage detection unit for detecting battery voltage of a power supply unit, a charging detection unit, and a control unit for controlling, if the battery voltage detected by the battery voltage detection unit is lower than a first predetermined value while the charging detection unit detects the charging state, so as to prohibit concurrent use of the first wireless communication unit and the second wireless communication unit. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006740 | Apparatus and Method for Capturing Cosmic Background Radiation and Converting the Same to Electricity - There is provided an apparatus for capturing cosmic background radiation and for converting cosmic background radiation into electricity. An antenna is configured so as to capture cosmic background radiation. An electrostatic electron multiplier is connected to the antenna. A high voltage power supply is connected to the electrostatic electron multiplier whereby cosmic background radiation is converted to electricity. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006741 | BUILDING AND POWER STORING METHOD - A building includes: a plurality of secondary battery housing portions provided dispersed in a plurality of locations inside or inside and outside; and a plurality of secondary batteries, a respective one of the secondary batteries housed in a respective one of the plurality of secondary battery housing portions. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006742 | Dynamic Energy Harvesting Control - The invention provides control methods and systems for harvesting energy from a variable-output power apparatus. One or more variable-output power elements configured for producing energy are used as input to a power regulation circuit operably coupled between the power elements and a load. One or more power signals in the circuit are monitored and the power regulation circuit output is dynamically adjusted based on the one or more monitored power signals. According to aspects of the invention, the output duty cycle or frequency may be adjusted in response to monitored parameters. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006743 | Controlling A Multi-Mode Switching Converter - Systems and methods for controlling a switching converter using a duty cycle associated with either a buck mode or a boost mode of the switching converter. More particularly, a controller determines when to change between buck mode and boost mode based on the duty cycle associated with one of the buck mode or the boost mode. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006744 | SYSTEM, METHOD AND APPARATUS TO TRANSITION BETWEEN PULSE WIDTH MODULATION AND PULSE-FREQUENCY MODULATION IN A SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY - A switch mode power supply (SMPS) has optimized efficiency over an entire operating range, from no load to full load, by transitioning between pulse frequency modulation (PFM) and pulse width modulation (PWM) for control of the SMPS depending upon load current. Accurate, smooth, and seamless transitions between PFM and PWM modes of operation occur at a preset load current(s). PFM operation improves efficiency during light load conditions, and PWM has better efficiency at higher load currents. This is advantageous in battery powered applications, and thereby results in a longer time before battery replacement or recharge is necessary. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006745 | METHOD FOR REGULATING AN OUTPUT VOLTAGE - A method for regulating the output voltage of a power supply. A boost PWM switching converter adjusts the gate drive signals to a switching transistor and a pass transistor so that the power supply has an operating frequency, Fs, based on a comparison between a parameter and a reference. The parameter may be a ratio of an input voltage to an output voltage, a difference between the output voltage and the input voltage, or the value of an input voltage. In accordance with the comparison between the parameter and the reference, the switching control circuit linearly decreases the operating frequency of the power supply. By changing the operating frequency, the output and input voltages of the power regulator may be almost equal to each other when operating with a control signal having a low duty cycle while maintaining a low output voltage ripple and a low inductor current ripple. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006746 | SOFT-START CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR A SWITCHING REGULATOR - A soft-start circuit for a switching regulator includes a signal generator and a scaling circuit coupled to the signal generator. During soft-start, the signal generator provides a ramp signal for the switching regulator such that the output voltage of the switching regulator changes from a residual voltage toward a target level. When soft-start is triggered, the scaling circuit provides a scaling voltage depending on the residual voltage, to shift the level of the ramp signal and consequently shorten the soft-start time of the switching regulator. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006747 | STEP-UP CIRCUIT AND STEP-UP CIRCUIT DEVICE - A step-up circuit comprises a rectifier element | 2011-01-13 |
20110006748 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LIMITING INPUT-CURRENT SURGE IN A SWITCHING MODE POWER SUPPLY - A power supply comprises an input voltage detector that detects a drop in input voltage that corresponds to an input voltage loss. A power converter is coupled to the input voltage detector. The power converter, which may be a boost converter or a power factor correction converter, has a switching device that is actuated in accordance with a duty cycle. A duty cycle adjuster is responsive to detection of the drop in the input voltage to adjust the duty cycle of the switching device in order to limit an input current surge through the switching device below a desired level after the input voltage returns. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006749 | Startup circuit for bandgap voltage reference generators - Systems and methods to achieve a startup circuit of bandgap voltage reference generator circuits monitoring a current flow in the bandgap voltage reference generator circuit have been achieved. The startup circuit can operate at supply voltages of about one threshold voltage and is therefore appropriate for low voltage applications. The monitoring of a current through an electrical component inside the bandgap voltage reference generator circuit by replication the component branch in a scaled version saves power and does not disturb the normal operation of the current-mode bandgap voltage reference generator. The startup circuit invented can be applied for current-mode bandgap voltage reference generator circuits as well as for voltage-mode bandgap voltage reference generator circuits. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006750 | LOW POWER AND HIGH ACCURACY BAND GAP VOLTAGE REFERENCE CIRCUIT - A band gap voltage reference circuit includes a first band gap circuit configured to generate a first band gap voltage potential. A second band gap circuit includes a variable resistance. The second band gap circuit is configured to output a second band gap voltage potential based on a value of the variable resistance. A calibration circuit is configured to adjust the variable resistance of the second band gap circuit based on the first band gap voltage potential and the second band gap voltage potential. The first band gap circuit is shut down in response to the second band gap voltage potential being within a predetermined range of the first band gap voltage potential. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006751 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING A REFERENCE POSITION OF A LOCKING PART MOVED BY AN ELECTRIC MOTOR - In a method and a device for determining a reference position of a locking part moved by an electric motor, the locking part is moved in the direction of the closed state thereof, until the same reaches a stop position. At that location the meter reading of a position meter describing the stop position is detected and buffered. Subsequently a movement of the locking part is carried out in the direction of the opened state thereof. The locking part is then moved again in the direction of the closed state thereof, until it again reaches a stop position. At that location a meter reading describing the stop position is detected, and compared to the buffered meter reading. If both meter readings agree, the first stop position is determined as the reference position. The method and device can be utilized, for example, for power window lifts and sunroofs of motor vehicles. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006752 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING ELECTROMAGNETIC HAZARD PROTECTION DEVICES - A method and apparatus which provide for measurement of embedded EMH, HIRF, or EMI (collectively referred to herein as EMH components), non-destructive measurement of embedded EMH components, component determination using only a simple current measurement; component determination without a priori knowledge of the range of values, the architecture of the test circuit that uses three MOSFET (or equivalent), switches, current measuring circuits, and suitable timing to accurately determine the component values, measurement of an embedded capacitor with relatively unknown parallel load resistance, and/or non-destructive measurement of R/C/TPD type components for any application. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006753 | ELECTRIC CURRENT SENSOR - An electric current sensor, including a circular magnetic material core, an excitation coil wound around the magnetic material core, a supplemental excitation coil wound around the magnetic material core, a first excitation circuit that applies an alternating excitation voltage to the excitation coil, a second excitation circuit that applies pulsed voltages synchronized with rising edges and lowering edges of the excitation voltage, the pulsed voltages causing the supplemental coil generate magnetic fields having the same directions as that of the magnetic fields generated by the excitation coil, a current-to-voltage converter that converts a current flows through the excitation coil into a voltage, and a detection unit that detects respective timings when the alternating magnetic field in the magnetic material core is saturated in a positive direction and in a negative direction. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006754 | CURRENT MEASUREMENT APPARATUS WITH SHUNT RESISTOR AND HEAT SINK - A current measurement apparatus includes a shunt resistor ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006755 | HIGH SENSITIVITY DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT TRANSFORMER FOR INSULATION HEALTH MONITORING - A current transformer is provided. The current transformer comprises an inner magnetic core having a central opening, an outer sense core circumscribing the inner magnetic core, at least one pair of conductors extending through the central opening and positioned symmetrically with respect to a center point of the inner magnetic core, and one or more coils disposed on the inner magnetic core, the outer sense core, or both, in a magnetically balanced configuration relative to a magnetic neutral axis of the inner magnetic core. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006756 | POWER MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, METHOD AND/OR UNITS - The invention provides a system ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006757 | LINEAR SEGMENT OR REVOLUTION COUNTER WITH A FERROMAGNETIC ELEMENT - Absolute counters for linear segments or revolutions having a Wiegand element (WE) in the main field between two opposite excitation magnets (EM | 2011-01-13 |
20110006758 | ANGLE MEASURING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ANGLE MEASURING SYSTEM - An angle measuring system includes a first component group and a second component group, the first component group being mounted in a manner allowing rotation about an axis relative to the second component group. The first component group includes a ring having a running surface and an angle scaling. The second component group has a further ring having a further running surface, as well as a sensor for scanning the angle scaling. Rolling elements are arranged between the running surfaces, the angle scaling being applied such that a geometric pattern of the angle scaling in a first region differs from a geometric pattern of the angle scaling in a second region as a function of radial runouts of the running surfaces and/or of the rolling elements. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006759 | POSITION DETECTION APPARATUS AND SENSOR UNIT - A position detection apparatus includes a position pointer having a coil and a sensor unit for detecting the position of the position pointer. The sensor unit has a sensor board including a plurality of loop coils juxtaposed and extending in a predetermined direction, and the sensor unit detects a signal generated in the loop coils by electromagnetic induction between the coil of the position pointer and the loop coils, to thereby detect the position of the position pointer. The sensor unit further includes a shield member disposed on the sensor board remotely from the position pointer for reducing noise, and a magnetic path sheet formed from a plurality of magnetic path members of a substantially rectangular shape having a higher magnetic permeability than that of the shield member and disposed between the sensor board and the shield member. The magnetic path members have mutually contacting portions disposed in an inclined relationship by a predetermined angle relative to said predetermined direction of the sensor board. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006760 | BOTTOM BRACKET WITH A TORQUE SENSOR - A bottom bracket with a torque sensor unit. The bottom bracket has at least one pedal crank, a shaft that is non-rotatably connected to the at least one pedal crank, and a torque detection device for detecting a torque in the region of the shaft. The torque detection device has a first magnetization and a sensor which detects a change of the first magnetized due to a torque passed into the shaft. The bottom bracket allows a reliable and fast detection of torques, especially of the different torques of both pedal cranks. Utilizing the shaft, which is designed as a hollow shaft and the first magnetization, which is arranged on at least one section of the shaft. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006761 | Method and eddy current system for non-contact determination of interface resistance - The present invention is a method and an eddy current system for non-contact determination of the resistance between the current lead stripe and the coating during continuous fabrication of chemical power sources such as batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaic modules and the like. Both the method and the non-destructive test system for practicing the method are described. The method includes placing of an integrated measuring transducer containing two strap-type eddy current probes above the surface of the coating applied to the metallic current lead stripe in the region of the shaft guiding the stripe movement, so that all the points of the operating surface of the transducer being at an equal distance from the stripe surface coating so that the two probes would take measurements on the same area of the coating. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006762 | WIRE ROPE FLAW DETECTOR - A magnetic flux generated by current excitation is allowed to pass through a part or an entire of a magnetic path of a leakage magnetic flux. A magnetic flux content due to the current excitation is temporally changed to change a leakage magnetic flux content interlinked with a detection coil so that an induced voltage is generated in the detection coil. Consequently, damage can be detected even in a case where there is no relative speed between a wire rope and a wire rope flaw detector. Further, a configuration of the magnetic path and the number of ampere turns of an exciting coil are set to be appropriate to prevent the magnetic flux generated by the current excitation from passing through the detection coil or to allow the magnetic fluxes offset each other. Thus, noise superimposition on the detection coil due to the current excitation can be prevented. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006763 | HALL EFFECT CURRENT SENSOR SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED FLIP-CHIP PACKAGING - A Hall effect current sensor system comprises a semiconductor die, a lead frame structure and a PCB board. The semiconductor die has Hall effect sensor fabricated on it. The lead frame structure comprises at least two extended electrical leads. A conductor bar is printed on the PCB board. The two extended electrical leads and the conductor bar form a closed current path for generating a direct magnetic field. When the Hall effect sensor is inside the closed loop of the current path, current information can be obtained. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006764 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING A TIME-VARYING MAGNETIC FIELD AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF A HYDROCARBON FLUID - In accordance with the present disclosure, a system and a method are disclosed for measuring a time varying magnetic field. In one aspect, a system comprises a plurality of induction coils arranged to measure the time varying magnetic field using at least one voltage induced in at least one of the induction coils in the plurality of induction coils, a plurality of snubber circuits connected to the plurality of induction coils, each of the snubber circuits of the plurality of snubber circuits arranged to suppress a resonance of a respective one of the induction coils of the plurality of induction coils, and a summing circuit connected to each of the snubber circuits of the plurality of snubber circuits, the summing circuit arranged to sum voltages induced in each of the induction coils in the plurality of induction coils. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006765 | Variable Image Resolution MR Imaging System - A system acquires frequency domain components representing MR image data. An RF coil emits RF pulses for use in acquiring multiple individual frequency components corresponding to individual data elements in a 3D storage array in which the individual frequency components are successively acquired along radii from a designated center representing an origin to a boundary of the storage array. Angles of successive radii with respect to the origin are successively changed to substantially fill the storage array volume during acquisition of an MR dataset representing an MR image. A computation processor determines the angles of successive radii with respect to the origin, in response to data representing a reduction in at least one dimension of the 3D imaging volume represented by the storage array. A storage processor stores individual frequency components, acquired using the emitted RF pulses, in corresponding individual data elements in the array. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006766 | COIL SELECTION FOR PARALLEL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - The invention relates to a method of selecting a set of coil elements from a multitude of physical coil elements comprised in a coil array for performing a magnetic resonance imaging scan of a region of interest. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006767 | DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY (MRE) - The invention relates to a device to produce mechanical oscillations in a research object using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) with a membrane that can be set into periodic motion ( | 2011-01-13 |
20110006768 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ACCELERATING THE ACQUISITION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES - A method and system of accelerating the acquisition and reconstruction of magnetic resonance images. Magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) data is acquired from a plurality of coils using parallel MRI (“pMRI”). The MRI data represents a reduced field-of-view (“FOV”) image for each of a plurality of coils. The MRI data is further undersampled by sequentially applying a compressed sensing (“CS”) technique, such as SparseMRI. The undersampled, reduced FOV images are then reconstructed into a final magnetic resonance image using a pMRI reconstruction technique, such as SENSitivity encoding (“SENSE”). This combination of MR image acquisition, sampling, and reconstruction is referred to as CS-SENSE. | 2011-01-13 |
20110006769 | MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING APPARATUS AND SHIMMING APPARATUS - According to one embodiment, a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a static magnetic-field generating unit, a gradient magnetic-field generating unit, a plurality of metal shim plates in a plate shape, and a shim holding unit. The metal shim plates adjust uniformity of the static magnetic field. The shim holding unit holds the metal shim plates in a layered state. Each of the metal shim plates includes a convex having a certain angle at a certain position, and the metal shim plates are layered such that the convex of each one metal shim plate comes into contact with a back of the bent convex of another metal shim plate. | 2011-01-13 |