Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
380256000 | Fiber optic network | 80 |
20080253568 | Optical transmission device, scrambling method, and descrambling method - A first header-attaching unit attaches to data of a low speed bit rate A, a header of the bit rate A. A second header-attaching unit attaches the header of the bit rate A to data of a high speed bit rate B. A combining unit combines outputs of the first and the second header-attaching units. A low speed scrambling unit performs a scrambling process on combined data by using a clock corresponding to the bit rate A. A high speed scrambling unit performs a scrambling process on the data of the bit rate B by using a clock corresponding to the bit rate B. During a timing corresponding to the bit rate A in the frame, a selector selects an output of the low speed scrambling unit. During a timing corresponding to the bit rate B in the frame, the selector selects an output of the high speed scrambling unit. | 10-16-2008 |
20080285753 | System for passive scrambling and unscrambling of an optical signal - A system for passively scrambling and unscrambling a, pulse optical signal transmitted through a multi-mode optical fiber is provided. The system includes a scrambling unit connected between a signal receiving end of said transmission fiber and an optical signal source that includes an optical fiber which creates a differential delay between two groups of optical modes of the signal that is at least one bit period long such that said optical signal is passively scrambled, and an unscrambling unit connected to a signal transmitting end of said transmission fiber having an optical fiber that counteracts said differential delay between said two groups of optical modes of the signal such that said optical signal is passively unscrambled. The scrambling unit optical fiber has an alpha profile with a complementary perturbation that creates the differential delay between two groups of optical modes of the signal, and the unscrambling unit optical fiber has an alpha profile with reversal complementary perturbation that counteracts the differential delay between said two groups of optical modes of the signal. Alternatively, the scrambling and unscrambling units may have the combination of a mode splitter that splits the signal into two different groups of optical modes, and a pair of optical fibers that conduct the two groups of optical modes in parallel, the fibers being of different lengths to create or to counteract a differential delay in the two groups of modes. | 11-20-2008 |
20090010435 | Apparatus and Method for Adjustment of Interference Contrast in an Interferometric Quantum Cryptography Apparatus by Tuning Emitter Wavelength - An apparatus and method are disclosed for maximizing interference contrast in an interferometric quantum cryptography system to detect eavesdropping by utilizing a tunable emitter station in communications with a receiver station via a quantum communications channel and a “public” communications channel. The tunable emitter station tracks and compensates for interferometer drifts by adjusting the interference contrast of the QC system to minimize or eliminate inherent perturbations induced into key bit transmissions. Tuning of the photo emitter's output wavelength is accomplishable using temperature and/or drive current adjustment of the emitter's tunable optical subsystem. | 01-08-2009 |
20090028332 | Method and apparatus relating to secure communication - Data is encrypted onto an electromagnetic beam by providing an electromagnetic beam having a signal component having a modal state, wherein the signal component is susceptible to accumulation of a geometric phase, and a reference component, transmitted along a path over at least part of which the signal component accumulates a geometric phase by transformation of its modal state from a first to a second modal state, from the second to at least one further modal state, and then back to the first modal state; and modulating with the data the geometric phase so accumulated, by modulating the modal state transformations. Data is decrypted from a received electromagnetic beam by corresponding processing of the received electromagnetic beam and by comparing an overall phase of the signal component with an overall phase of the reference component so as to retrieve the modulation. | 01-29-2009 |
20090041243 | QUANTUM ENCRYPTION DEVICE - A quantum encryption device comprises a faint laser light source for generating a photon serving as a qubit information carrier, three or more asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interference systems each formed by a photonic lightwave circuit, an optical transmission path for transmitting the photon, a photo detector, a device for recording sending data of a sender and observational data of a receiver, and a classic communication path for performing classic communication with a regular user. | 02-12-2009 |
20090097650 | Detection Arrangement - Exemplary embodiments of detection and transmission arrangements are disclosed herein. For example, some of the disclosed embodiments comprise a splitter, a detector, first and second paths defined between the splitter and the detector, and a manipulation arrangement. In certain embodiments, the splitter is arranged to direct an incoming particle along the first or second path depending upon the value of a parameter of the incoming particle. In particular embodiments, the manipulation arrangement is located on at least one of the first and second paths, so that, if a particle in a superposition of values of the parameter impinges on the splitter and a wavefunction of the particle is directed along both the first and second paths, the manipulation arrangement will act on the wavefunction to allow interference, at or near the detector, between the portions of the wavefunction that were directed along the first and second paths. | 04-16-2009 |
20090147955 | METHOD OF QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY USING BLIND PHOTON POLARIZATION QUIBITS WITH MULTIPLE STAGES - A cryptography method using a quantum phenomenon, which performs a multi-staged polarization process between a transmitter and a receiver to prevent a third party from knowing the polarization value of a photon. A transmitter rotates a photon flux by arbitrary angle θ and transmits it to a receiver. The receiver rotates the received photon flux by arbitrary angle φ and transmits it to the transmitter. The transmitter rotates the received photon flux by the reverse angle −θ of an angle, by which the transmitter | 06-11-2009 |
20090190759 | QKD Arrangement - A QKD arrangement with a photon source generating entangled idler and signal photons, with two measuring units, one of which receiving the idler photons and the other one receiving the signal photons, and each including an optical module with photon channels, wherein a photon passes a photon channel as a function of its polarization, and a device for detecting the photons in association to its respective photon channel, as well as a time control for timingly adjusting the detection devices; the photon source is adapted for pulsed emission of photon pairs, and an interrupting unit supplying the signal photons to the optical module in pulsed manner is arranged upstream of the other measuring unit, the photon channels in each optical module including delay units with different delay periods, and only one single-photon detector associates the photons to the photon channels on the basis of a time pattern. | 07-30-2009 |
20090196419 | Quantum Cryptography Apparatus - A timing and synchronisation apparatus and method for a quantum cryptography system is disclosed. A gating pulse is generated by a clock and synchronised to the receipt of transmitted photons at the detector. The apparatus is arranged to only accept photon detection events occurring during the gating period. | 08-06-2009 |
20090202074 | QKD station with EMI signature suppression - Methods and systems for suppressing the electromagnetic interference (EMI) signature generated by a QKD station are disclosed. One of the methods includes generating two or more modulator drive signals corresponding to two or more of the n possible modulator states of the particular QKD protocol. The modulator drive signals are sent to a random number generation (RNG) unit, which randomly selects one of the two or more modulator drive signals and passes it to the modulator. Another method involves generating two modulator drive signals, wherein the voltage sum is constant. One signal is sent to the modulator while the other is sent to a circuit-terminating element, which can be a second modulator. The method suppresses the EMI signature associated with individual modulation states. This prevents an eavesdropper from gaining information about the modulator states via the EMI signature, which information could otherwise yield information about the exchanged key. | 08-13-2009 |
20090262937 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DATA PRIVACY IN PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS - One embodiment provides a system for decrypting data frames in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON). During operation, the system maintains a local cipher counter at a local node, and receives from a remote node a data frame which is encrypted based on a remote input block and a session key. The remote input block is constructed based on the remote cipher counter and a remote block counter. The system updates the local cipher counter based on a received field located in a preamble of the data frame, truncates the local cipher counter by discarding a number of least significant bits, and constructs for the received data frame a local input block based on the truncated local cipher counter, the received field, and a local block counter. The system then decrypts the data frame based on the local input block and the session key. | 10-22-2009 |
20090279698 | Hub Device for a Network Comprising Quantum Cryptographic Connections and Node Module for Said Hub Device - The invention relates to a node device ( | 11-12-2009 |
20090310784 | QKD System Alignment - QKD receiving apparatus is provided with an alignment-correction system for correcting misalignment of a quantum signal received at an optical port of the apparatus relative to a quantum-signal detector of the receiving apparatus. The alignment-correction system comprises a misalignment measuring subsystem for making multiple different misalignment measures, and a misalignment compensation subsystem for adjusting the relative alignment of the quantum signal and quantum-signal detector in dependence on the misalignment measures made. The misalignment measuring subsystem comprises an alignment-beam source, an alignment-beam detector arrangement, and optical components for guiding an alignment beam from the alignment-beam source to the optical port, and for guiding the alignment beam, after external retro-reflection at a cooperating QKD transmitting apparatus from the optical port to the alignment-beam detector arrangement. | 12-17-2009 |
20100002881 | POLARIZATION-INSENSITIVE ONE-WAY QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION RECEIVER, TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER SYSTEM - Provided are an apparatus for receiving a quantum cryptographic key and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving a quantum cryptographic key at high speed without polarization drift of an optical pulse signal and phase drift of an interferometer. The apparatus for receiving a quantum key includes: a polarization-insensitive optical phase modulator parts for receiving an optical pulse signal, and modulating and outputting a phase of the optical pulse signal without being affected by the polarization state of the optical pulse signal; an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer for causing interference in and outputting the optical pulse signal received from the polarization-insensitive optical phase modulator parts; and a photon detectors for detecting the optical pulse signal received from the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. According to the apparatuses, it is possible to perform quantum cryptography communication at high speed without being affected by polarization drift of an optical pulse signal and phase drift of an interferometer. | 01-07-2010 |
20100046755 | Cryptography related to keys with signature - In one embodiment, messages are encrypted with encrypted transformations that commute with one another. In another embodiment, a message is divided into message segments, and with each encrypted message segment one or more encrypted keys are sent. The encrypted keys may be used to decrypt a message segment that is sent at another time, such as the next message segment to be sent. In another embodiment, a sender encrypts a message with a first encryption, which may be unknown to the receiver. Then a receiver encrypts the message with a second encryption. Next the sender removes the first encryption, thereby allowing the receiver to reconstitute the original message by removing the second encryption. In another embodiment, a sender encrypts a message with a first encryption and a signature. Then a receiver encrypts the message with a second encryption. Next the sender removes the first encryption, thereby allowing the receiver to reconstitute the original message by removing the second encryption and the signature. | 02-25-2010 |
20100046756 | DEVICE FOR DEFEATING REVERSE ENGINEERING OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BY OPTICAL MEANS - An integrated circuit and method are provided for preventing reverse engineering by monitoring light emissions emitted from transistors and such electrically active devices in the integrated circuit. The method prevents, in an integrated circuit, a pattern of light emitted from at least one active device in the integrated circuit from being detected external to the integrated circuit by randomizing a pattern of light emitted from the at least one active device in an integrated circuit and that is emitted external to the integrated circuit. The pattern of light emitted from the at least one active device in the integrated circuit and that is emitted external to the integrated circuit can be randomized by randomizing a clock signal applied to a clocked circuit comprising the at least one active device in the integrated circuit. | 02-25-2010 |
20100074444 | Method and System for OCDM-Based Photonic Layer Security Robustness to Spoof Data Integrity - A system and method is provided for identifying fraudulent data in an optical data transmission. The system and method includes scrambling an encoded data signal using dynamically changing scramble code; transmitting the scrambled encoded data signal over a network; descrambling the scrambled encoded data signal using a descramble code corresponding to a compliment of the dynamically changing scramble code; analyzing the descrambled encoded data signal to search for a region of low error between descrambled data and noise; notifying of a possible spoofing attempt when a region of low error is not found; and decoding the descrambled encoded data signal using a compliment of phase codes originally used for encoding the encoded data signal in order to generate a decoded signal to retrieve a desired data signal when a region of low error is found. | 03-25-2010 |
20100080386 | Generating Identical Numerical Sequences Utilizing a Physical Property and Secure Communication Using Such Sequences - Substantially identical numerical sequences known only to stations A and B are generated in a manner not subject to duplication by an eavesdropper and not subject to cryptanalytic attack because they are not derived using a mathematical function (such, as for example, factoring). The sequences are independently derived utilizing a physical phenomena that can only be “measured” precisely the same at stations A and B. Signals are simultaneously transmitted from each station toward the other through a communication channel having a characteristic physical property capable of modifying the signals in a non-deterministic way, such as causing a phase shift. Each signal is “reflected” by the opposite station back toward its station of origin. The effect of the communication channel is “measured” by comparing original and reflected signals. Measured differences are quantized and expressed as numbers. | 04-01-2010 |
20100091990 | OCDM-BASED ALL OPTICAL MULTI-LEVEL SECURITY - A high data rate optical signal is inverse multiplexed into a multitude of lower-rate tributaries, each of which is coded by its unique OCDM code, and the combined coded tributaries are injected into a common phase scrambler. Coherent summation of these optically encoded tributaries pass through a shared phase or phase and frequency scrambler before exiting the secure location. The setting of the scrambler acts as the key. The authorized recipient with the correct key retrieves the ones and zeros of the several decoded signals. | 04-15-2010 |
20100098252 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION OVER ARBITRARY MEDIA USING PHYSICAL ENCRYPTION - Apparatus and method for a secure communication network using AlphaEta quantum encryption is provided. A polarization insensitive optical receiver based on a 90 degrees hybrid coupler is used for the detection and digitization of optically encrypted signals. Once digitized, such signals can be decrypted, stored, or re-transmitted over arbitrary media such as using RF wireless means. Alternatively, the signal can be generated directly for transmission over RF wireless nodes. The system may include nodes for retransmitting the signal without decrypting it, allowing for secure communication among specific users. | 04-22-2010 |
20100111303 | Electro-optic waveguide polarisation modulator - An electro-optic waveguide polarisation modulator ( | 05-06-2010 |
20100111304 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE SECURE TRANSMISSION OF BINARY CODE BY PHASE-AND INTENSITY-CODING - The invention relates to a system (EM, RE) for the optical transmission of a binary code. The invention makes it possible to carry out a coding of the hits transmitted in terms of intensity and phase by choosing a first base in which the signals coding the hits are distinguished only by a first physical quantity, and a second base in which the signals coding the hits are distinguished only by a second physical quantity. | 05-06-2010 |
20100111305 | PHOTON DETECTOR - A photon detection system including a photon detector configured to detect single photons, a signal divider to divide the output signal of the photon detector into a first part and a second part, wherein the first part is substantially identical to the second part, a delay mechanism to delay the second part with respect to the first part, and a combiner to combine the first and delayed second parts of the signal such that the delayed second part is used to cancel periodic variations in the first part of the output signal. | 05-06-2010 |
20100150349 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING QUANTUM BIT COMMITMENT PROTOCOL - A method and system for performing a quantum bit commitment protocol is provided. The method of performing a quantum bit commitment protocol to send bit information from a first party to a second party includes a pre-commit phase to randomly select and send, by the second party, a quantum state to the first party; a commit phase to perform, by the first party, a unitary transformation on the quantum state to combine the bit information with the quantum state and send the unitary-transformed quantum state to the second party; a hold phase to hold the unitary-transformed quantum state for a predetermined time period; and a reveal phase to provide, by the first party, information about the unitary transformation to the second party to open the bit information to the second party. The reveal phase may include a verification process to check if the opened bit information matches the bit information committed in the commit phase. For example, the verification process may be performed by checking if a quantum state obtained by performing an inverse unitary transformation of the unitary-transformed quantum state matches the quantum state selected in the pre-commit phase. | 06-17-2010 |
20100158252 | POLARIZATION CODING QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEM - Provided is a polarization coding quantum cryptography system. The quantum cryptography includes a light source, a quantum channel, an optical path selector, and a path-dependent polarization selector. The light source generates a signal light. The quantum channel is used as a path to transmit the signal light to a receiver unit. The optical path selector is disposed between the light source and the quantum channel to transmit the signal light to one of a plurality of propagation paths. The path-dependent polarization selector is disposed between the optical path selector and the quantum channel. Herein, the path-dependent polarization selector is configured to determine the polarization direction of the signal light according to the propagation path of the signal light. | 06-24-2010 |
20100195831 | QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, OPTICAL TRANSMITTER, OPTICAL MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT, AND OPTICAL MODULATION CONTROL METHOD - In a quantum cryptographic transmitter ( | 08-05-2010 |
20100202612 | OPTICAL NETWORK SYSTEM AND METHOD OF CHANGING ENCRYPTION KEYS - An optical network system including an OLT and ONUs is provided that can prevent the loss of a multicast signal. When receiving an encryption key generation request from the OLT, the ONU generates an encryption key, and transmits the generated encryption key to the OLT. When receiving a notice of timing from the OLT, the ONU updates the encryption key of a belonging group. When receiving a report message from a STB through the ONU, the OLT analyzes the report message, stores a group that the STB belongs to as well as the ONU in a second table, and transmits the encryption key generation request to the ONU. When receiving the encryption key from the ONU, the OLT further stores the encryption key in the second table, and transmits to the ONU a notice of the timing in which the encryption key is valid. | 08-12-2010 |
20100208893 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY COMMUNICATION - A quantum cryptography communication apparatus performs quantum cryptography communication between a transmitter and a receiver. The quantum cryptography communication apparatus includes first communicating unit transmitting and receiving a communication signal including relatively strong pulse light between the transmitter and the receiver, and second communicating unit transmitting and receiving a relatively weak quantum cryptography signal between the transmitter and the receiver in a period in which the communication signal is off and the attitude axis for the receiver can be adjusted to that for the transmitter by the second communicating unit. | 08-19-2010 |
20100239092 | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR COMMUNICATING OVER A QUANTUM CHANNEL - Alice generates a sequence of key bits forming an initial cryptographic key. Alice then uses the sequence of key bits and a sequence of cipher bits to control respective control parameters of a quantum encoding process applied to a sequence of quantum pulses, where the sequence of cipher bits used is known to Bob. Alice then releases the encoded pulses towards Bob over a quantum channel. Bob uses the previously agreed-upon sequence of cipher bits to control a control parameter, such as the quantum basis, of a quantum detection process applied to the pulses received from Alice, thus producing a detection outcome for each received pulse. Bob then derives a final cryptographic key from the detection outcomes. Because the cipher bits used to select the quantum bases used by both Alice and Bob are known by both parties, the method allows the final cryptographic key to be distributed with full basis alignment compared to 50% for BB84, thus allowing efficient quantum key distribution over multiple hops. | 09-23-2010 |
20100254535 | REMOTE CIRCUIT LOCKING SWITCH SYSTEM - A method and apparatus for remotely controlling access to the components of an optically interconnected information processing infrastructure is presented. Access to the infrastructure is controlled independently of the infrastructure operating system. | 10-07-2010 |
20100272259 | METHOD FOR FILTERING OF ABNORMAL ONT WITH SAME SERIAL NUMBER IN A GPON SYSTEM - Disclosed is a method of registering only an authorized optical network terminal among a plurality of optical network terminals with the same serial number, in an optical line terminal, using a public key encryption algorithm, in a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). According to an exemplary aspect, a GPON system encrypts a physical layer OAM message transmitted/received for serial number registration of an optical network terminal, using a key distributed according to a public key encryption algorithm, and authenticates registration of the optical network terminal using the encrypted physical layer OAM message. Accordingly, it is possible to securely authenticate registration of an authorized optical network terminal and block registration of unauthorized optical network terminals. | 10-28-2010 |
20100329459 | MULTI-COMMUNITY NETWORK WITH QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION - This invention relates to an optical star network in which different communities of users, such as different businesses, are provided through use of quantum key distribution (QKD). At least one QKD device is located at the central hub of the star network and communicates with QKD devices at the endpoints to establish a separate quantum key, i.e. a cryptographic key established by QKD, with each endpoint. A separate key manager is provided for each different community and each key manager is arranged to use the appropriate quantum keys for endpoints within that community to deliver the same community key to each endpoint. This community key can be used by for encrypting network traffic between members of the same community with security. Traffic passing through the network switch is encrypted, but the community keys are not delivered via the switch and hence the switch an error in the switch does not compromise security. | 12-30-2010 |
20110019823 | OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SECURE DATA COMMUNICATION USING QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION - The invention provides time-synchronised transmission of data on the (polarisation or phase-modulated) QKD channel and the (on-off modulated) conventional channel such that a QKD bit is only transmitted when a zero, or sequence of zeros, is transmitted on the conventional channel. Also, there is co-directional propagation of the QKD and conventional channel. Further, there is dispersion management through wavelength selection or control of fibre properties or other means such that the “walk-off in time of the QKD pulses and the Raman pulses generated by the ones on the conventional channel is less than or of the order of one bit period. The latter can be achieved, for example, by placing the conventional and QKD channel wavelengths close to the point where the group velocity-induced time delay for optical pulses propagating in the fibre reaches a minimum. This dispersion minimum occurs at a wavelength of 1.3 microns in standard fibre. The invention discloses a receiver embodiment to implement the invention. | 01-27-2011 |
20110033049 | ENCRYPTED OPTOELECTRONIC MODULE - Methods and systems for encrypting and decrypting data are described. An exemplary system includes an optical transceiver that includes at least one of an encryption block and a decryption block. The optical transceiver also has at least one encryption and decryption key stored at the transceiver. The encryption block receives unencrypted data and performs encryption operations on the data using the encryption and decryption key. The decryption block receives encrypted data and performs a decryption operation using the encryption and decryption key. | 02-10-2011 |
20110096925 | OPTICAL FIBER SECURE COMMUNICATION APPARATUS AND DATA ENCRPTION METHOD THEREFOR - An optical fiber secure communication apparatus and a data encryption method therefor are provided. The apparatus comprises a transmitter and a receiver being connected with each other via an optical fiber. The transmitter comprises a PPC processor unit, a field programmable gate array test board, a light-emitting module, an optical fiber coupler and a connection optical fiber. The receiver comprises a wavelength division multiplexer, a connection optical fiber, a photodetector, a field programmable gate array test board, a PPC processor unit and a signal output interface. At the transmitter end, two or more paths of input data are forwarded by the PPC, encrypted by the FPGA and then transmitted to the light-emitting module of two or more wavelengths for conversion from electrical signals into optical signals. At the receiver end, signals of two or more wavelengths enter the photodetector for conversion into electrical signals, which are decrypted by the FPGA and then forwarded by the PPC for output. With the present invention, the security of transmission data is improved and the difficulty in cracking data is increased. | 04-28-2011 |
20110170690 | SECURE ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS - The invention provides a system and method for secure communication that involve encoding and transmitting an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal. Each subcarrier of an optical carrier in OFDM transmission is modulated with data individually, and a variety of data format are used, such as QPSK, OOK, QAM, etc. The data format of each subcarrier may change in time according to a predetermined pattern. An optical receiver uncovers the data transmitted via an optical link. It is based on a coherent optical receiver and a digital signal processing (DSP) unit. A key to the data mapping and change is transmitted via the same optical link or by a separate channel. In one embodiment, the key is transmitted using quantum encryption technique. Besides subcarrier modulation encoding, the system may provide additional layers of security: optical carrier frequency hopping and polarization scrambling. | 07-14-2011 |
20110182428 | SECURE COMMUNICATION OVER PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK (PON) WITH QUANTUM ENCRYPTION - Systems and methods to communicate securely includes communicating quantum encryption data on a first wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON); and communicating data over separate classical channels of a second WDM-PON, wherein the second WDM-PON synchronizes with the first WDM-PON while providing data communication over the classical channels. | 07-28-2011 |
20110200192 | SECURE KEY DISTRIBUTION FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXED BASED OPTICAL ENCRYPTION - An optical communications network incorporating photonic layer security, with secure key exchange without loss of data, and a method of operating the network are disclosed. The network comprises a transmit side and a receive side. The transmit side includes first and second scramblers and a transmit side switch; and the receive side includes first and second descramblers and a receive side switch. The scramblers use encryption keys to encrypt optical signals, and the descramblers use the encryption keys to decrypt the encrypted optical signals. The encryption keys can be updated randomly and at will by installing new encryption keys on the scramblers and descramblers, and the transmit side and receive side switches are synchronized so that all of the optical signals that are encrypted using a new or updated encryption key are decrypted using the same new or updated encryption key. | 08-18-2011 |
20110206203 | SUBCHANNEL SECURITY AT THE OPTICAL LAYER - The present invention includes various novel techniques, apparatus, and systems for optical WDM communications that involve dynamically modifying certain aspects of the WDM transmission (and corresponding receive) process at the optical (physical) layer to significantly enhance data/network security. These various dynamic modifications can be employed individually or in combination to provide even greater security depending upon the desired application and design tradeoffs. WDM transmission steps typically include encoding the client signals, mapping them to one or more subchannels within or across ITU channels, modulating them onto subcarrier frequencies, and multiplexing them together for optical transmission. By dynamically modifying one or more of these processing steps over time (in addition to any encryption of the underlying client signals), the current invention provides additional security at the physical (optical) layer of an optical network and thus greatly enhances overall network security. | 08-25-2011 |
20110206204 | METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUANTUM ENCODING ON DWDM (ROADM) NETWORK AND FIBER OPTIC LINKS . - The invention solves the following complicated problems. Elaboration of the procedure for secret key extraction from the lower layer optic signal even in a presence of noise in fiber-optic cable. The realization of the quantum protection amplification scheme to clean states of the entangling polarized photons against noise in optical channels, especially in case of use Einstein-Podolsky-Rozen method with single photon source for transmitting and measuring secret keys photon polarization in ROADM network. The development of a system for code key transmission that satisfies requirements of fortuitousness and privacy along with speed enlargement of the key generation in ROADM network. The achievement of the acceptable optical fiber amplification without losing its behavior and the protocol determination, which will allow to detect and correct bit errors in fiber optic cable and ROADM network, caused by linear and nonlinear effects. The development of quantum encoding systems for telecommunication topologies. | 08-25-2011 |
20110228938 | MULTI-BIT CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY SECURE ENCRYPTOR FOR M-ARY SPECTRAL PHASE ENCODER OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS - A system and methods are provided for transmitting an encrypted data word of two or more bits. This involves identifying a random key word comprising two or more bits for encrypting the data word and identifying a set of unique orthogonal codes. This also involves selecting a code from the set of unique orthogonal codes that corresponds to a result of an exclusive-or (XOR) operation between the two or more bits of the data word and the random key word. This also involves encoding a signal with the code and transmitting the encoded signal as encrypted data. | 09-22-2011 |
20110228939 | SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR OCDM-BASED OPTICAL ENCRYPTION USING SUBSETS OF PHASE-LOCKED FREQUENCY LINES - A method for optical signal processing includes receiving an optical signal containing a plurality of frequency lines, defining at least two wavesets including an updatable random subset of the frequency lines, receiving a data stream, modulating the optical signal with the data stream, encrypting the data stream by extracting the subset of the frequency lines of the at least two wavesets from the modulated optical signal, and phase coding the subset of frequency lines of the at least two wavesets in the modulated optical signal. | 09-22-2011 |
20110243329 | MULTI-CLASS SWITCHING SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD OF USE - A multi-class switching system that includes a coder/decoder for converting voice between analog and digital; a first switch coupled to the coder/decoder to isolate non-secure entities in a dial-up network, including fiber optic ports to pass classified and unclassified data to one of a classified IP network and an unclassified IP network, an encryption device coupled to the first switch to encrypt digitized voice, a second switch coupled to the encryption device and directly to the first switch, wherein the second switch receives encrypted digital voice from the encryption device connection and unencrypted digital voice from the direct connection, and wherein the first switch and the second switch operate in a plurality of states including secure, non-secure, and cut-off, a fiber optic (F/O) switch coupled to the coder/decoder, and at least one controller to control states of the first switch, the second switch, and the fiber optic (F/O) switch. | 10-06-2011 |
20110311050 | CRYPTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Communications having high security against information leakage can be established in a current optical fiber network in the following manner. (1) A sender and a receiver share a seed key in advance, and then transmit and receive random numbers superimposed on carrier light accompanied with fluctuations, where transmission basis is determined by a random number. The sender and the receiver check a shared basis determined by the seed key with a random basis and employ only a random number signal superimposed on a slot for the shared basis that coincides with the random basis, and share the random numbers between the sender and the receiver. Here, since the carrier light has fluctuations, a bit error exists in the received signals. However, because of the seed key, a legitimate receiver can receive a signal with a bit error rate smaller than an eavesdropper. (2) The information amount of the random numbers shared between the sender and the receiver is reduced to secret capacity through privacy amplification, and then the reduced random numbers are set to be a secret key. (3) An actual signal is encrypted with the obtained secret key, and is transmitted and received. | 12-22-2011 |
20110317836 | QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SERVICE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE - In order to overcome the limitation of the prior art quantum key terminal equipment not being able to operate across different segments, the present invention discloses a quantum cryptography service network implementation technique to let a point-to-point quantum key equipment in one segment be redesigned to cooperate with other quantum key equipment in other segments to form a quantum key service network. As opposed to the prior art technique of having each segment generates its own quantum key, the present invention can map one pair of quantum key equipment with another pair of quantum key equipment, or map multiple pairs of quantum key equipment connected in series to have quantum keys entirely or partly shared by the quantum key equipment. Therefore, the generated quantum keys can be used across different segments. Each node in the quantum key service network can provide the quantum key to nearby telecommunication equipment in the telecommunication network of the same premises. | 12-29-2011 |
20120063596 | Characterization of an Entangled Photon System - A quantum key distribution system comprises a source of entangled photon pairs and two single-photon detectors. The source is coupled to each of the single-photon detectors by optical fiber. Operational systems parameters include the efficiency of the first single-photon detector, the efficiency of the second single-photon detector, and the maximum average number of photon pairs per unit time generated by the source. To characterize the operational systems parameters, the transmittances between the source and each single-photon detector are determined. The dark count probability of the first single-photon detector and the dark count probability of the second single-photon detector are determined. The count probability at the first single-photon detector, the count probability at the second single-photon detector, and the coincidence count probability are determined as a function of the optical power from the source. By fitting the values to a set of relationships, the operational systems parameters are computed. | 03-15-2012 |
20120076301 | OPTICAL SYSTEM WITH IMPARTED SECURE CODES - A secure optical communication system and method are disclosed. Short optical pulses are first modulated with data, then dispersed in time so that they spread out over multiple bit periods, then the desired code is applied to the dispersed pulses. The encoding may include frequency shifts or phase shifts or other. The dispersed optical symbols overlap in time so an applied code chip thus acts on multiple symbols simultaneously. There are generally multiple code chips per dispersed symbol. The coding device does not need to be synchronized to the data rate. Multiple wavelength division multiplexed channels may be encoded simultaneously. The signal propagates to a decoder that is synchronized with encoder to apply a complementary code thereby canceling out the effect of the encoder. The encoder and decoder can be realized by varying the wavelength of an optical pump to a parametric amplifier, allowing for a wide-band frequency shift. | 03-29-2012 |
20120087500 | QUANTUM ENCRYPTION COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, QUANTUM ENCRYPTION COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND QUANTUM ENCRYPTION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Provided is a quantum encryption communication apparatus of a transmission side which performs a communication process based on quantum encryption, including: a light source unit which generates a light pulse; a polarization modulating unit which performs polarization modulation of the light pulse by using a variable wavelength plate; and a controller which drives the variable wavelength plate to convert a polarization state of the light pulse to one of a plurality of predetermined polarization bases at random. | 04-12-2012 |
20120128155 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING SECURITY IN A PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK - An apparatus and method for providing security in a Passive Optical Network (PON) using an Enhanced Security Control management entity (ME). In one embodiment, an optical network unit (ONU) comprising: a processor coupled to a memory and configured to exchange security information between the ONU and an optical line terminal (OLT) by using a plurality of attributes in an Enhanced Security Control management entity (ME) in the ONU via an ONU management control interface (OMCI) channel; wherein the plurality of attributes comprise: an OLT crypto capabilities attribute, an ONU selected crypto capabilities attribute, an OLT random challenge table attribute, an ONU authentication result table attribute, an ONU random challenge table attribute, an OLT authentication result table attribute, and a master session key name attribute. | 05-24-2012 |
20120195430 | Quantum Key Distribution - An apparatus including: an input optical interface configured to receive a series of optical input signals each including photons; an encoder configured to encode a quantum key for distribution by encoding each of the series of received optical input signals with a measurable state; an attenuator configured to attenuate each of the encoded optical input signals to create a series of quantum optical signals; and an output optical interface configured to send the series of quantum optical signals to the remote apparatus via a quantum communication channel. | 08-02-2012 |
20120237031 | Generating Identical Numerical Sequences Utilizing a Physical Property and Secure Communication Using Such Sequences - Substantially identical numerical sequences known only to stations A and B are generated in a manner not subject to duplication by an eavesdropper and not subject to cryptanalytic attack because they are not derived using a mathematical function (such, as for example, factoring). The sequences are independently derived utilizing a physical phenomena that can only be “measured” precisely the same at stations A and B. Signals are simultaneously transmitted from each station toward the other through a communication channel having a characteristic physical property capable of modifying the signals in a non-deterministic way, such as causing a phase shift. Each signal is “reflected” by the opposite station back toward its station of origin. The effect of the communication channel is “measured” by comparing original and reflected signals. Measured differences are quantized and expressed as numbers. | 09-20-2012 |
20120269345 | INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) CARD - There is provided an integrated circuit (IC) card including a modulating unit that modulates an optical pulse and outputs the modulated optical pulse to a quantum communication path, a communication unit that performs classical communication via a classical communication path, and a control unit that changes a modulation state of the optical pulse, performs quantum communication, and generates a common key based on the classical communication of information according to a communication result of the quantum communication. | 10-25-2012 |
20120308006 | Method and Device for Encrypting Multicast Service in Passive Optical Network System - A method for encrypting multicast services in a passive optical network system is provided in the present invention, and the method includes: an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) generating a public key, and using the public key to encrypt the multicast service data in a bearer channel and then transmitting the encrypted data, the multicast service data in the same one bearer channel being encrypted using the same public key; and said OLT sending the public key, which is used to encrypt the multicast service data, via a management control channel to an Optical Network Unit (ONU) which is activated successfully and requests to receive said multicast service data. A device for encrypting multicast services in a passive optical network system is also provided in the present invention. | 12-06-2012 |
20120314863 | Secure key distribution using sequential weak values - A method is provided for distributing a random list of binary values between first and second parties. The method includes sending photons from the second party into an interferometer at a first beam splitter; performing a first weak measurement on photons as a first pointer result into a first time-ordered list for photons; performing a second weak measurement by the first party on photons that pass through a second beam splitter as being a second pointer result into a second time-ordered list; recording identification for first and second detectors that the photons arrive via a third beam splitter as respective first and second detector registrations for collecting in a third time-ordered list as respective first and second detection lists; determining first and second averages of the respective first and second detection lists; and comparing the averages to verify existence of a non-trivial difference that indicates secure communication status of the element's binary value. | 12-13-2012 |
20120328100 | OPTICAL TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND RECEPTION DEVICE FOR YUEN ENCRYPTION, OPTICAL TRANSMISSION METHOD AND RECEPTION METHOD FOR YUEN ENCRYPTION, AND ENCRYPTED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A configuration method of an optical signal, an encryption device, and an encryption system makes it possible for a legitimate communicating party to ensure information-theoretic security against a known plain text attack and to communicate long-distance. By adding a transmission information data sequence randomization device to the Yuen encrypted communications device according to the present information, which divides transmission information data into blocks, appends sequence numbers thereto, randomly switches the sequence of the blocks with a digitized signal of output of an electrical noise generator, and inputs same into a transmission data generator of a conventional Yuen encrypted optical transmitter, the relation between a known transmission information data sequence (plain text) and an optical signal which is outputted from the transmitter is randomized, allowing forcibly making even a circumstance wherein a known-plain text attack would be possible into a cipher-text-only attack, realizing information-theoretic security against a known-plain text attack. | 12-27-2012 |
20130083925 | POLARIZATION TRACKING SYSTEM FOR FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING QUANTUM COMMUNICATION - Quantum communication transmitters include beacon lasers that transmit a beacon optical signal in a predetermined state of polarization such as one of the states of polarization of a quantum communication basis. Changes in the beacon polarization are detected at a receiver, and a retarder is adjusted so that the states of polarization in a received quantum communication optical signal are matched to basis polarizations. The beacon and QC signals can be at different wavelengths so that the beacon does not interfere with detection and decoding of the QC optical signal. | 04-04-2013 |
20130089204 | QUANTUM ENCRYPTED DATA TRANSMISSION IN OPTICALLY-AMPLIFIED WDM COMMUNICATIONS - A quantum cryptographic protocol is proposed, which uses two-mode coherent states and an M-ary modulation format determined in part by an expanded secret key. The encrypted signal is optically amplifiable, resulting in a polarization independent system that is compatible with the existing WDM communications infrastructure. | 04-11-2013 |
20130101119 | QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION USING CARD, BASE STATION AND TRUSTED AUTHORITY - Techniques and tools for quantum key distribution (“QKD”) between a quantum communication (“QC”) card, base station and trusted authority are described herein. In example implementations, a QC card contains a miniaturized QC transmitter and couples with a base station. The base station provides a network connection with the trusted authority and can also provide electric power to the QC card. When coupled to the base station, after authentication by the trusted authority, the QC card acquires keys through QKD with a trusted authority. The keys can be used to set up secure communication, for authentication, for access control, or for other purposes. The QC card can be implemented as part of a smart phone or other mobile computing device, or the QC card can be used as a fillgun for distribution of the keys. | 04-25-2013 |
20140016779 | TAMPER RESISTANT ELECTRONIC PACKAGES WITH QUANTUM INTERCONNECTS - A method for resisting tampering, the method including discovering a plurality of electronic packages for communication, each of the plurality of electronic packages having an associated quantum state table, mapping a plurality of communications paths among the plurality of electronic packages, for each communication path of the plurality of communications paths, making an entry into the quantum state table, negotiating key material for each of the plurality of communications paths, for a plurality of data exchanges along each of the plurality of communications paths generating a key, and encrypting a data exchange on a communications path with the key. | 01-16-2014 |
20140044262 | Low Latency Encryption and Authentication in Optical Transport Networks - Data to be transmitted across an Optical Transport Network (OTN) is encrypted with a non-malleable encryption algorithm. An authentication code configured to allow authentication of the data with a low latency encryption algorithm is generated. A packet is generated which is configured to be transferred across the OTN and contains the encrypted data and the authentication code. The packet is transmitted across the OTN. Non-malleable encryption, origin authentication, data integrity and anti-replay protection are provided for OTNs over Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) links. In one example, XTS-AES encryption and GMAC authentication techniques are combined to secure OTN frames. | 02-13-2014 |
20140098955 | QUANTUM ENABLED SECURITY FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS - The present invention provides a quantum-enabled security (QES) protocol which creates a revolutionary new cybersecurity capability: quantum (single-photon) communications are integrated with optical communications to provide a strong, innate security foundation at the photonic layer for optical fiber networks or free-space optical communications. The new protocols will also allow the formation of ad hoc coalitions of users in order to deliver quantum-enabled security users between users who may not have direct quantum communications. | 04-10-2014 |
20140133653 | Timeslot Encryption in an Optical Transport Network - An Optical Transport Network (OTN) frame comprises an optical channel payload unit that is divided into a plurality of timeslots. This OTN frame is received at a transmitter and the timeslots are grouped into blocks of timeslots. Two or more blocks of timeslots are selected for encryption and are encrypted/authenticated in parallel to generate an encrypted OTN frame in which only certain blocks of timeslots are encrypted. | 05-15-2014 |
20140146969 | SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL STEALTHY FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION USING SAMPLING AND PHASE ENCODING DETECTION SYSTEM - A method for providing spectral and temporal stealthy information transmitted over an optical communication channel, according to which, at the transmitting side, the power spectral density of a pulse sequence bearing the information is reduced by encrypting the temporal phase of the pulse sequence. The power of the pulse sequence is spread in the frequency domain, to be below the noise level, by sampling the pulse sequence. Spectral phase encoding is used to temporally spread the pulse sequence and to prevent coherent addition of its spectral replicas in frequency domain. The resulting signal, encrypted both in time and frequency domains, is then transmitted. Spectral phase decoding is performed at the receiving side by performing coherent detection and folding all the spectral replicas of the transmitted signal to the baseband by means of sampling. The temporal phase of the signal is decrypted and the information which is delivered by the pulse sequence is decoded. | 05-29-2014 |
20140153720 | QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION (QSD) SCHEME USING PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (PIC) - Described herein are techniques related to implementation of a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme by a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). For example, the PIC is a component in a wireless device that is used for quantum communications in a quantum communications system. | 06-05-2014 |
20140177837 | Method and Apparatus for Direct Counterfactual Quantum Communication - It has long been assumed in physics that for information to travel in empty space between two parties (the Sender and the Receiver), “physically real” entities have to travel between the parties. The recently discovered technique of interaction-free measurement—wherein the presence of an object is inferred without the object directly interacting with the interrogating light—has caused this basic assumption to be questioned. This technique has found application in quantum key distribution in the form of counterfactual quantum key distribution albeit with limited efficiency. In the present invention, using the “chained” quantum Zeno effect, this logic is taken to its natural conclusion and, in the ideal limit, information can be transferred between the Sender and the Receiver without any physical particles whatsoever traveling between them. | 06-26-2014 |
20140254798 | ARCHITECTURE FOR RECONFIGURABLE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS BASED ON ENTANGLED PHOTONS DIRECTED BY A WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH - A system and method for securing communications between a plurality of users communicating over an optical network. The system utilizes a fixed or tunable source optical generator to generate entangled photon pairs, distribute the photons and establish a key exchange between users. The distribution of entangled photon pairs is implemented via at least one wavelength selective switch. | 09-11-2014 |
20140362989 | Securing Virtual Lane Physical Layers - A data stream with a given data rate is distributed into a plurality of virtual lanes or streams, each with a lower data rate than the data stream. Virtual lanes permit the use of lower cost electronics at the optical-electrical conversion points. Security information is generated that includes a unique initialization vector. The security information is distributed or allocated across some or all of the of the virtual data streams in a virtual lane alignment marker in a portion of the alignment marker used to maintain direct current (DC) transmission balance, but that otherwise does not provide useful information. | 12-11-2014 |
20150016610 | OPTICAL CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEMS AND METHODS - Systems and methods for encoding a message are disclosed. A message may be passed from a first node to a second node via a communication link using a multi-stage cryptography algorithm distributed between the first node and the second node and applied by circuitry within the first node and the second node in which the multi-stage cryptography algorithm includes instructions for transmitting at least two optical signal transmissions across the communication path and using a number of independent transformations of polarization state of the optical signal transmission by a combination of the first node and the second node at least equal to the number of optical signal transmissions across the communication link. | 01-15-2015 |
20150071439 | Visible-light communication-based encryption, decryption and encryption/decryption method and system - Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system of encryption, decryption, and encryption and decryption based on visible light communication. A transmit end performs a logical operation on an original data signal and a pseudocode signal varying with a unit interval to obtain a scrambling code signal, and sends the scrambling code signal in a form of a visible light signal. A receive end receives the visible light signal sent by the transmit end, and converts the visible light signal into a digital signal; and decodes the digital signal and a pseudocode signal varying with a unit interval, so as to obtain the original data signal. The visible light signal transmitted between the transmit end and the receive end is not original data, but a scrambling code signal varying with a unit interval, thereby improving security of the photonic Internet of Things. | 03-12-2015 |
20150146871 | VISIBLE LIGHT ENCRYPTION METHOD, DECRYPTION METHOD, COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The present invention discloses a visible light encryption method, a decryption method, a communication device and a communication system. The method includes: receiving a visible light signal from a transmit end, where the visible light signal is encrypted at the transmit end by using a key; and obtaining the key, and decrypting the visible light signal according to the key, where the obtaining the key includes: obtaining a key corresponding to a state of a state machine of a receive end; or, obtaining indication information according to the visible light signal and obtaining the key according to the indication information, where the indication information is used to obtain the key. The present invention solves a problem of decryption failure in visible light encryption and decryption, and improves accuracy of decryption. | 05-28-2015 |
20150349886 | HANDSHAKE SYNCHRONIZATION METHOD AND SYSTEM BASED ON VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION - A handshake synchronization restoration method and system based on visible light communication are provided. The method includes: after a transmitting end in which a state machine varies with unit time is powered on again, transmitting in the form of a visible light signal, to a receive and control system, a status reset signal which varies with unit time, wherein the receive and control system comprises one or multiple receiving ends; and receiving, by the receive and control system, the visible light signal, and when it is determined that the received visible light signal is a status reset signal, adjusting status of a state machine of a receiving end to a state indicated by the status reset signal. Status synchronization with the transmitting end is restored, avoiding a case in which the transmitting end is asynchronous with the receiving end after encountering power outage and being powered on again. | 12-03-2015 |
20150365230 | QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM INCLUDING TWO PERIPHERAL DEVICES AND AN OPTICAL SOURCE - A quantum cryptographic key distribution system, including: an optical source which generates a plurality of optical pulses; an optical beam splitter, which generates, starting from each optical pulse, a first and a second optical sub-pulse; a first and a second peripheral device; and an optical path having a first and a second end connected to the optical beam splitter, the optical path extending through the first and second peripheral devices and being traversed in opposite directions by the first and second optical sub-pulses. The peripheral device randomly phase shifts the second optical sub-pulse by a first phase, and the second peripheral device randomly phase shifts the first optical sub-pulse by a second phase. Furthermore, the optical path is such as to cause interference in the first optical beam splitter between the first and second optical sub-pulses, as a function of first and second phases. | 12-17-2015 |
20160028541 | QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION VIA PULSE POSITION MODULATION - A system and method for distributing a quantum key from a first party to a second party. A first node is connected to a public channel, wherein the first node includes a pulse position modulation encoder connected to a quantum channel. A second node is connected to the public channel, wherein the second node includes a pulse position modulation decoder connected to the quantum channel. The pulse position modulation encoder encodes quantum states |0> and |1>, and transmits the encoded quantum states from the first node to the second node via the quantum channel. Quantum state |1> is encoded as |1>≡(|t | 01-28-2016 |
20160065365 | QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION USING CARD, BASE STATION AND TRUSTED AUTHORITY - Techniques and tools for quantum key distribution (“QKD”) between a quantum communication (“QC”) card, base station and trusted authority are described herein. In example implementations, a QC card contains a miniaturized QC transmitter and couples with a base station. The base station provides a network connection with the trusted authority and can also provide electric power to the QC card. When coupled to the base station, after authentication by the trusted authority, the QC card acquires keys through QKD with a trust authority. The keys can be used to set up secure communication, for authentication, for access control, or for other purposes. The QC card can be implemented as part of a smart phone or other mobile computing device, or the QC card can be used as a fillgun for distribution of the keys. | 03-03-2016 |
20160094342 | PHOTON PAIR GENERATOR AND QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEM EMPLOYING THE SAME - A photon pair generator includes a light source configured to emit light, and a nonlinear optical element configured to receive the light radiated from the light source and generate a quantum-entangled photon pair through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), the nonlinear optical element including a polar material layer and a nonlinear material layer provided on the polar material layer. | 03-31-2016 |
20160105404 | Extending Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) Provisioning of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) (DPoE) to EPON over Coax (EPoC) Multicast Key Management - Disclosed herein are mechanisms to support the management of multicast keys for a multicast group comprising one or more optical line terminals (OLTs), one or more fiber to coax units (FCUs), and a plurality of coax network units (CNUs). The disclosed embodiments may support the management of multicast keys over optical and coaxial networks. In some embodiments, an FCU may facilitate communication of operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) messages containing multicast keys from one or more OLTs to one or more CNUs (typically a plurality of CNUs). Some embodiments may employ one multicast key over both the optical network and coaxial network. Other embodiments may employ an optical domain multicast key over the optical network and an electrical domain multicast key over the coaxial network. Embodiments may comprise adding a first CNU to a multicast group as well as adding subsequent CNUs to the multicast group. | 04-14-2016 |
20160134420 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR QKD QUANTUM COMMUNICATION CHANNEL CONTINUOUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND ALIGNMENT - System and methods for synchronizing and aligning quantum channel for Quantum Key Distribution. The primary object of the invention is to allow a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) apparatus to work continuously with only two communication channels, a quantum communication channel and a service channel. This is achieved by linking the clock frequencies of both channels and completed by an over-sampling method for phase synchronization tracking. Clock signal carry is done through data using a clock data recovery encoding techniques. Having a continuous operating QKD system is not possible without a tracking system that enables phase alignment. This synchronization and alignment system and method for QKD has multiple benefits as it allows real-time synchronization with continuous data flow and is not dedicated to a specific quantum protocol. | 05-12-2016 |
20160149867 | ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC ENCRYPTION FOR OPTICAL NETWORKS - A technique is provided for a transmitting optical network element with an encrypting entity. The transmitting optical network element has an interface for receiving key information from a key management entity, storage means for storing a public key received by the key management entity, and a key generation entity configured for generating a symmetric encryption key. The transmitting optical network element is adapted to encrypt a received payload to be transmitted to a receiving optical network element using the generated symmetric encryption key, encrypt the generated symmetric encryption key using the public key of the receiving optical network element, and transmit the encrypted payload and the encrypted symmetric encryption key via an optical network to the receiving optical network element. | 05-26-2016 |
20160380765 | QUANTUM ENABLED SECURITY FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS - The present invention provides a quantum-enabled security (QES) protocol which creates a revolutionary new cybersecurity capability: quantum (single-photon) communications are integrated with optical communications to provide a strong, innate security foundation at the photonic layer for optical fiber networks or free-space optical communications. The new protocols will also allow the formation of ad hoc coalitions of users in order to deliver quantum-enabled security users between users who may not have direct quantum communications. | 12-29-2016 |
20180026801 | Waveguide With Dielectric Light Reflectors | 01-25-2018 |