Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
127036000 | Hydrolysis of carbohydrates | 79 |
20120167875 | SOLVOLYSIS OF BIOMASS USING SOLVENT FROM A BIOREFORMING PROCESS - The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 07-05-2012 |
20120318258 | SOLVOLYSIS OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE AQUEOUS AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS - The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass to produce aqueous and organic products using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 12-20-2012 |
20130019859 | SOLVOLYSIS OF BIOMASS AND STABILIZATION OF BIOMASS HYDROLYSATE - The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 01-24-2013 |
20130081613 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING TAGATOSE AND GLUCOSE - An economically feasible process for manufacturing tagatose is provided. The process includes hydrolyzing lactose to galactose and glucose, separating galatose from hydrolysates, and isomerizing galactose to tagatose with metal hydroxide in an aqueous suspension. | 04-04-2013 |
20130239954 | PRODUCTION OF FERMENTABLE SUGARS AND LIGNIN FROM BIOMASS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS - Methods are disclosed for the continuous treatment of biomass comprising a pretreatment step, wherein said biomass is contacted with a first supercritical, near-critical, or sub-critical fluid to form a solid matrix and a first liquid fraction; and a hydrolysis step, wherein said solid matrix formed in said pretreatment step is contacted with a second supercritical or near-supercritical fluid to produce a second liquid fraction and a insoluble lignin-containing fraction. Also disclosed are apparatuses for the continuous conversion of biomass comprising a pretreatment reactor and a hydrolysis reactor associated with said pretreatment reactor. | 09-19-2013 |
20140202452 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUGAR REFINING - A method comprising: (a) extracting a sugar mixture in an aqueous solution of at least 30% HCL/[HCl+water] by weight with an extractant including an S1 solvent; (b) increasing a monomeric sugar to oligomeric sugar ratio in the mixture to produce a monomeric sugar enriched mixture comprising at least 65% monomeric sugars by weight relative to total sugars; and (c) separating an S1/HCl liquid phase comprising more than 30% HCl/[HCl+water] from said sugar mixture. | 07-24-2014 |
20140366869 | TAGATOSE PRODUCTION FROM DEPROTEINIZED WHEY AND PURIFICATION BY CONTINUOUS CHROMATOGRAPHY - Disclosed is a process for the production of d-tagatose from deproteinized whey or whey permeate containing lactose after acid hydrolysis to provide a hydrolysate comprising 1 equivalent of d-glucose and 1 equivalent of d-galactose for each unit of lactose converted. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the isomerization of d-galactose to d-tagatose and the use of a simplified separation scheme based on simulated moving bed (SMB) separation. The isomerization of d-galactose to d-tagatose is carried out in the presence of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. The process is useful for providing a simplified processing route to providing pure d-tagatose and glucose syrup as two products from lactose hydrolysate isomerate. D-tagatose is useful as a food additive, as a sweetener, as a texturizer, as a stabilizer, or as a humectant. | 12-18-2014 |
20140366870 | METHODS FOR RECOVERING AND RECYCLING SALT BYPRODUCTS IN BIOREFINERY PROCESSES - In some variations, the invention provides a process for fractionating biomass, comprising: in a digestor, fractionating a biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin; substantially removing the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor; hydrolyzing the hemicellulose contained in the liquor, to produce hemicellulosic monomers; hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose; neutralizing, with lime, a hydrolysate liquid containing the hemicellulosic monomers and the glucose, thereby generating gypsum; heating the gypsum to form calcium sulfate; reducing the calcium sulfate with a reductant (such as syngas) to generate calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide; and recycling the calcium oxide and the sulfur dioxide. In other variations, magnesium oxide is the base from neutralizing the hydrolysate, and the resulting magnesium sulfate is converted back to magnesium oxide and sulfur dioxide through combustion. | 12-18-2014 |
20150128933 | Method of processing lignocellulosic biomass using feedback control of hydrothermal pretreatment. - The invention relates to a method of processing lignocellulosic biomass comprising: providing lignocellulosic biomass feedstock; pretreating said biomass feedstock by continuous hydrothermal pretreatment in a pressurized reactor; measuring xylan number or lignin number in the output stream of pretreated biomass from the pretreatment reactor; and controlling the pretreatment reactor so as to maintain, in the output stream of pretreated biomass, a pre-determined level of measured xylan number or lignin number. The method allows for continuously controlling the digestibility of a lignocellulosic biomass during the step of pretreatment, and accordingly provides a continuous estimate of the severity of the pretreatment. | 05-14-2015 |
20150299816 | METHOD FOR MIXED BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS - Methods and systems are disclosed for the hydrolysis of mixed biomass. The methods include forming a mixture of at least two modified biomass feedstocks to achieve various benefits, such as maximizing sugar yields and minimizing the formation of degradation products. | 10-22-2015 |
127037000 | Cellulose material | 68 |
20080202504 | Process for Rapid Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Material and in a Hydrolysis Reactor - Improvements in a process for rapid acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and in a hydrolysis reactor, said lignocellulosic material being fed in different levels of a reactor and contacted with flows of lignin organic solvent, water and an extremely dilute solution of a strong inorganic acid, for obtaining a liquid phase of hydrolysis extract and a solid phase of non-reacted and non-dissolved material. A controlled steam flow is injected into the different levels of the reactor, so as to provide adequate temperatures of organic solvent and strong inorganic acid and forming the desired products (sugars). A flow of the liquid phase is recirculated in different levels of the reactor, the remainder thereof being withdrawn from the reactor, abruptly cooled with the solvent submitted to evaporation to obtain a concentrate. The lignin is transferred by decantation and the concentrate is transferred to subsequent process steps. | 08-28-2008 |
20090020112 | METHOD FOR BREAKING DOWN CELLULOSE - The present invention describes a process for the degradation of cellulose by dissolving the cellulose in an ionic liquid and treating it at elevated temperature, if appropriate in the presence of water. | 01-22-2009 |
20090217922 | Catalyst for Cellulose Hydrolysis and/or Reduction of Cellulose Hydrolysis Products and Method of Producing Sugar Alcohols From Cellulose - A catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis and/or the reduction of hydrolysis products, in which a transition metal of group 8 to 11 is supported on a solid support. A method of producing sugar alcohols comprising: hydrolyzing cellulose in the presence of the catalyst in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere with pressurization; and reducing the hydrolysis product of cellulose. Provided are a catalyst for use in the production of sugar alcohols by the hydrolysis and hydrogenation of cellulose that affords easy separation of catalyst and product, and that does not require pH adjustment, acid or alkali neutralization, or activation of the catalyst during reuse, and a method of producing sugar alcohols from cellulose employing this catalyst. | 09-03-2009 |
20090320831 | SELF PROCESSING PLANTS AND PLANT PARTS - The invention provides polynucleotides, preferably synthetic polynucleotides, which encode processing enzymes that are optimized for expression in plants. The polynucleotides encode mesophilic, thermophilic, or hyperthermophilic processing enzymes, which are activated under suitable activating conditions to act upon the desired substrate. Also provided are “self-processing” transgenic plants, and plant parts, e.g., grain, which express one or more of these enzymes and have an altered composition that facilitates plant and grain processing. Methods for making and using these plants, e.g., to produce food products having improved taste and to produce fermentable substrates for the production of ethanol and fermented beverages are also provided. | 12-31-2009 |
20100024810 | DECRYSTALLIZATION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH AN ACID MIXTURE COMPRISING PHOSPHORIC AND SULFURIC ACIDS - The present invention provides a process for treating biomass to produce sugars. The process is directed to decrystallizing cellulose by contacting biomass with an acid mixture comprising sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at particular molar ratios. Following decrystallization, the biomass may be hydrolyzed with the acid mixture to produce a saccharification product comprising sugars. | 02-04-2010 |
20100126501 | PLANT-FIBER-MATERIAL TRANSFORMATION METHOD - Cellulose contained in plant fiber material is hydrolyzed with the use of a pseudo-molten cluster acid as a hydrolysis catalyst to produce saccharide, most of which is glucose. After the glucose is produced, the saccharide is precipitated with the use of an organic solvent, and the saccharide including a solidified saccharide during the hydrolysis and the precipitated saccharide is separated from residues and the cluster acid. | 05-27-2010 |
20100163018 | FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL USING IONIC LIQUIDS - Lignocellulosic biomass materials are fractionated by dissolving at least a portion of the lignocellulosic material in an ionic liquid and separating the resulting mixture into a cellulose-enriched fraction and/or a lignin-enriched fraction. The cellulose-enriched fraction contains about 10 percentage points more glucose than the weight percent glucose contained in the original lignocellulosic biomass material. In certain embodiments, the lignin-enriched fraction includes a lignin content that is 5 percentage points greater than the weight percent lignin present in the original lignocellulosic material. The techniques used to isolate the cellulose-enriched fractions and/or the lignin-enriched fractions from the ionic liquid mixture do not employ environmentally unfriendly solvents. | 07-01-2010 |
20100163019 | Conversion of cellulosic biomass to sugar - A process for converting wet cellulosic biomass to at least one sugar, such as glucose. The process comprises treating the wet cellulosic biomass with a strong acid at a temperature no greater than 40° C., wherein the acid is present in an amount of at least 10 moles per mole of monomeric sugar present in the wet cellulosic biomass. The acid then is neutralized partially, and the cellulose is hydrolyzed to the at least one sugar at a temperature of at least 60° C. Such process provides improved yields of sugar from cellulose. | 07-01-2010 |
20100170504 | CELLULOSE-SOLVENT-BASED LIGNOCELLULOSE FRACTIONATION WITH MODEST REACTION CONDITIONS AND REAGENT CYCLING - Embodiments of the present invention overcome the well-known recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass in an economically viable manner. A process and system are provided for the efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose sugars, lignin, and acetic acid. The cellulose thus obtained is highly amorphous and can be readily converted into glucose using known methods. Fermentable hemicellulose sugars, low-molecular—weight lignin, and purified acetic acid are also major products of the process and system. The modest process conditions and low solvent/solid ratios of some embodiments of the invention imply relatively low capital and processing costs. | 07-08-2010 |
20100175690 | Method and System for Hydrolytic Saccharification of a Cellulosic Biomass - A method and system for hydrolyzing cellulose and/or hemicellulose contained in a biomass into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by using high-temperature and high-pressure water in a subcritical condition is provided. In hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into saccharides by using high-temperature and high-pressure water in a subcritical condition, a large amount of slurry is cooled into a condition below the subcritical condition by subjecting the slurry contained in a pressure vessel under a high-temperature and high-pressure condition to flash evaporation in a pressure vessel charged with a slurry of a cellulosic biomass and heated halfway. It is possible to prevent saccharides from degrading into organic acids and to save energy by recovery of thermal energy. The cellulosic biomass is charged into a water-permeable vessel and then the water-permeable vessel is encapsulated into the pressure vessel together with water. | 07-15-2010 |
20100175691 | PROCESS FOR RECYCLING CELLULOSE ACETATE ESTER WASTE - A process for recycling cellulose acetate ester waste comprising the steps of: providing a reactor, adding cellulose acetate ester waste and a hydrolyzing agent to the reactor to create an agent/waste mixture followed by hydrolyzing the cellulose acetate ester waste by agitating and heating the agent/waste mixture for a period of time to create a hydrolyzed mixture. The hydrolyzing agent is then distilled and/or separated from the hydrolyzed mixture followed by separating and removing solid material from the hydrolyzed mixture to create a water soluble product stream which includes monosaccharides, polysaccharides, partially hydrolyzed cellulose, acetic acid, or combinations thereof. The water soluble product stream is then collected. | 07-15-2010 |
20100275908 | METHOD FOR PREPARING MAIN HYDROLYSATE BY HYDROLYZING PLANT CELLULOSE MATERIALS WITH CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID - The present invention relates to a method to dispose plant cellulose materials, in particular to a method for preparing a main hydrolysate by hydrolyzing the plant cellulose materials with concentrated sulfuric acid. The plant cellulose materials are mixed with sulfuric acid in batches, and the main hydrolysate is obtained after hydrolysis. The batch mixing includes the following procedures: (1)sulfuric acid solution is used to dissolve part of the plant cellulose materials thereby forming a hydrolysate; (2)when the plant cellulose materials can not be dissolved any more, concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration more than 80 wt % is successively added into the hydrolysate, and another part of the plant cellulose materials are added; (3)and then the procedure as step (2) is repeated until all the plant cellulose materials are completely hydrolyzed. The method utilizing concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare the main hydrolysate can hydrolyze the maximum cellulose with the least sulfuric acid, thereby decreasing the acid recovery cost proportioned by per kilogram sugar obtained by hydrolysis. | 11-04-2010 |
20100313882 | FRACTIONATION OF BIOMASS FOR CELLULOSIC ETHANOL AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION - A process is defined for the continuous steam pretreatment and fractionation of corn cobs and low lignin lignocellulosic biomass to produce a concentrated cellulose solid stream that is sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis. Valuable chemicals are recovered by fractionating the liquid and vapor stream composed of hydrolysis and degradation products of the hemicellulose. Cellulosic derived glucose is produced for fermentation to biofuels. A hemicellulose concentrate is recovered that can be converted to value added products including ethanol. | 12-16-2010 |
20110094505 | Acid hydrolysis process of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials - The present invention relates to an enhanced process for sugar production through the acid hydrolysis of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials characterized by the treatment of these materials in three steps. In the first step, it is made a digestion of the lignocellulosic material using a solvent capable of partially dissolving the lignin, which constitutes part of the lignocellulosic material. In the second step, the cellulosic material resulting from the treatment with the solvent is subjected to an acid treatment in such conditions that mainly hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to form a sugar solution rich with pentose monomers and oligomers. In the third step, the cellulosic material from the second step is subjected to an acid treatment in such conditions that the major part of the cellulose is hydrolyzed to form a sugar solution rich with hexose monomers and oligomers. This invention also relates to a Digestion Vessel and a Reactor, with this set being constituted by a single vessel or a set of vessels where it's possible to identify three areas where the three process steps are conducted. | 04-28-2011 |
20110120454 | METHOD FOR GLYCOSYLATING AND SEPARATING PLANT FIBER MATERIAL - The invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing the plant fiber material to produce and separate a saccharide including glucose. The method includes a hydrolysis process of hydrolyzing cellulose contained in the plant fiber material and producing glucose in a first organic solvent having a cluster acid catalyst dissolved therein. | 05-26-2011 |
20110180062 | METHOD OF SACCHARIFICATION AND SEPARATION FOR PLANT FIBER MATERIALS - The present invention is to provide a high-purity aqueous saccharide solution by increasing the collection rate of cluster acid which is a hydrolysis catalyst for cellulose in saccharification and separation for cellulose using a cluster acid catalyst. | 07-28-2011 |
20110247609 | METHODS OF TREATING A BIOMASS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS - The present invention is a process for treating a feedstock comprising holocellulose. The process comprises mixing the feedstock with a solution comprising cellulose binding domains to form a mixture. The mixture is then subjected to conditions sufficient to reduce the crystallinity of holocellulose. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis may show an improved rate and/or fermentable sugar yield as compared to processes which do not employ the process. | 10-13-2011 |
20110303217 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL IN A MULTI-STEP PROCESS TO PRODUCE C5 AND C6 SUGARS USING A SINGLE VESSEL - A system and method for extracting C | 12-15-2011 |
20110315138 | PRETREATMENT METHOD FOR SACCHARIFICATION OF PLANT FIBER MATERIAL AND SACCHARIFICATION METHOD - A pretreatment method for saccharification of plant fiber materials includes: immersing the plant fiber material in a solution that contains an organic solvent, in which a cluster acid is dissolved, prior to saccharifying cellulose contained in the plant fiber material; and distilling off the organic solvent from the immersed plant fiber material to obtain a pretreated mixture that contains the cluster acid and the pretreated plant fiber material. | 12-29-2011 |
20120006321 | ARUNDO DONAX HEMICELLULOSE RECOVERY PROCESS - The present invention relates generally to a process for recovering hemicellulose from | 01-12-2012 |
20120055466 | PROCESS FOR THE RAPID HYDROLYSIS OF HIGH SOLIDS BIOMASS - The process for the hydrolysis of ligno-cellulosic biomass comprises the steps of
| 03-08-2012 |
20120067342 | METHOD FOR COMPLETELY DISSOLVING AND RAPIDLY HYDROLYZING CELLULOSE, AND USES OF SAID METHOD - The invention discloses a method for completely dissolving and rapidly hydrolyzing cellulose, and uses thereof. Cellulose is placed in an acidic aqueous solution with a [H | 03-22-2012 |
20120167876 | ORGANO-CATALYTIC BIOMASS DECONSTRUCTION - The present invention provides processes for catalytic deconstruction of biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 07-05-2012 |
20120240921 | CATALYST FOR HYDROLYZING CELLULOSE OR HEMICELLULOSE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUGAR-CONTAINING SOLUTION EMPLOYING SAME - Disclosed are: a novel catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose, which does not require the use of a large quantity of sulfuric acid for the preparation thereof and from which sulfuric acid cannot be eluted; a novel catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose, which is not changed in structure even in hot water and therefore does not undergo the deterioration in activity; and a process for producing a cellulose hydrolysate, mainly including glucose, using any one of the aforementioned catalysts. Specifically disclosed are: a catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose, which comprises a porous carbon material having a specific surface area of 800 to 2500 m2/g inclusive and a phenolic hydroxy group content of 100 to 700 mmol/kg inclusive, such as a porous carbon material having such a structure that carbon is filled in pores of mesoporous silica that is used as a template; and a catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose or hemicellulose, which comprises the aforementioned porous carbon material and a transition metal belonging to Group 8 to Group 11 and supported on the porous carbon material. | 09-27-2012 |
20120255543 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HYDROLYTIC SACCHARIFICATION OF A CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - A method and system for hydrolyzing cellulose and/or hemicellulose contained in a biomass into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by using high-temperature and high-pressure water in a subcritical condition is provided. In hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into saccharides by using high-temperature and high-pressure water in a subcritical condition, a large amount of slurry is cooled into a condition below the subcritical condition by subjecting the slurry contained in a pressure vessel under a high-temperature and high-pressure condition to flash evaporation in a pressure vessel charged with a slurry of a cellulosic biomass and heated halfway. It is possible to prevent saccharides from degrading into organic acids and to save energy by recovery of thermal energy. The cellulosic biomass is charged into a water-permeable vessel and then the water-permeable vessel is encapsulated into the pressure vessel together with water. | 10-11-2012 |
20120260912 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HYDROLYTIC SACCHARIFICATION OF A CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - A method and system for hydrolyzing cellulose and/or hemicellulose contained in a biomass into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides by using high-temperature and high-pressure water in a subcritical condition is provided. In hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose into saccharides by using high-temperature and high-pressure water in a subcritical condition, a large amount of slurry is cooled into a condition below the subcritical condition by subjecting the slurry contained in a pressure vessel under a high-temperature and high-pressure condition to flash evaporation in a pressure vessel charged with a slurry of a cellulosic biomass and heated halfway. It is possible to prevent saccharides from degrading into organic acids and to save energy by recovery of thermal energy. The cellulosic biomass is charged into a water-permeable vessel and then the water-permeable vessel is encapsulated into the pressure vessel together with water. | 10-18-2012 |
20120291773 | Process for Dissolving Cellulose-Containing Biomass Material in an Ionic Liquid Medium - A process is disclosed for dissolving the cellulose component if a cellulose-containing biomass material in an Ionic Liquid medium. The biomass material contains minerals. At least part of the minerals are removed prior to contacting the biomass material with the Ionic Liquid medium. The Ionic Liquid medium preferably is an inorganic molten salt hydrate. | 11-22-2012 |
20120325203 | METHOD FOR SCALE REMOVAL DURING A LIGNOCELLULOSIC CONVERSION PROCESS - A method for processing of a lignocellulosic feedstock is provided comprising exposing lignocellulosic feedstock to acid in a reactor to hydrolyze at least hemicellulose present in said lignocellulosic feedstock, wherein during said exposing, a scale deposit comprising lignin forms on the inner surface of said reactor; and treating the scale deposit with an alkali solution at a temperature between about 140° C. and about 250° C. so as to remove scale. Also provided is a method for reducing scale deposit that forms on process equipment during a stage of reacting a lignocellulosic feedstock with acid. | 12-27-2012 |
20130014749 | CONDITIONING OF BIOMASS FOR IMPROVED C5/C6 SUGAR RELEASE PRIOR TO FERMENTATION - Disclosed is an improvement in a conventional process for C5 and C6 sugar recovery from lignocellulosic biomass for fermentation to ethanol, which process including the conventional steps of pretreatment of the biomass with steam at elevated temperature and pressure, collection of C5 sugars from hemicellulose breakdown, cellulose hydrolysis and collection of C6 sugars from cellulose breakdown. The improvement includes conditioning of the biomass prior to the pretreatment step by heating the biomass with steam for a time period between 5 minutes to 60 minutes to achieve a steam treated biomass having a temperature of about 80 to 100°C.; and adjusting a moisture content of the steam treated biomass to about 45% to 80%. An increased recovery of C5 and C6 sugars is achieved compared to the conventional process. | 01-17-2013 |
20130104880 | UNIVERSAL BIOMASS REFINERY | 05-02-2013 |
20130112193 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MICROCELLULOSE - The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising subjecting fibrous cellulosic material to acid hydrolysis at a temperature from 10° C. to less than 140° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose, wherein the amount of added acid is from 0.2 to 2%, preferably from 0.3 to 1.9%, more preferably from 0.5 to 1.5% on dry weight of the cellulose. | 05-09-2013 |
20130192592 | METHOD FOR TREATING, PRESSING AND WASHING BIOMASS - A method to process cellulosic material in a treatment vessel including: introducing the cellulosic material to a processing chamber of the vessel; adding heat energy or pressure to the vessel to hydrolyze the cellulosic material in the processing chamber and dissolve hemi-cellulosic from the cellulosic material; compressing the cellulosic material in the processing chamber; extracting the dissolved hemi-cellulosic material through a screen from the processing section; draining the extracted hemi-cellulosic material from the vessel; and discharging the cellulosic material from the vessel separately from the extracted hemi-cellulosic material. | 08-01-2013 |
20130199518 | NOVEL METHOD TO PRODUCE MICROCELLULOSE - The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising subjecting fibrous cellulosic material to acid hydrolysis at a temperature of at least 40° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose, wherein the amount of added acid is from 0.2 to 2%, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5% on dry weight of the cellulose. | 08-08-2013 |
20130239955 | METHOD FOR THE ACID-CATALYZED DEPOLYMERIZATION OF CELLULOSE - A method for the acid-catalyzed depolymerization of cellulose comprises a mechanical treatment of cellulose in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid. The catalytic conversion of cellulose into water-soluble products is virtually completely achieved in that celluoligomers, cellubiose, glucose and glycerol are obtained without significant byproduction. | 09-19-2013 |
20140020679 | METHOD FOR TREATING BIOMASS AND ORGANIC WASTE WITH THE PURPOSE OF GENERATING DESIRED BIOLOGICALLY BASED PRODUCTS - The present invention provides a method for treatment of lignocellulosic organic waste or biomass, by which the carbohydrates are rendered more available for subsequent hydrolysis, e.g. by means of addition of enzymes or direct fermentation to one or more desired products. The invention more specifically relates to a method comprising a combination of the following process steps: thermal hydrolysis, wet oxidation and wet explosion. The method according to the present invention can operate with undivided or only poorly divided substrate having a high dry matter concentration. | 01-23-2014 |
20140034047 | PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR LIGNIN SEPARATION IN BIOREFINERIES - The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during lignocellulosic biorefining, comprising the steps of (i) catalyzing fractionation or hydrolysis with an acid to release sugars into an acidified solution containing lignin, (ii) neutralizing the acidified solution with a base to form a salt in a neutralized solution; (iii) in a separation unit, separating the salt and the lignin, each in free or combined form, from the neutralized solution; and then (iv) recycling a portion of the salt and optionally a portion of the lignin to step (i) to combine, physically or chemically, with the lignin, to improve lignin separation in the separation unit. In certain embodiments, the acid is a sulfur-containing acid and the base is lime, forming gypsum which is then recycled, in part, to the hydrolysis reactor. | 02-06-2014 |
20140053828 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS - Cellulose nanofibers are produced by means of a method comprising a step (A) of oxidizing a cellulosic starting material in the presence of an N-oxyl compound and a step (B) of forming the oxidized cellulosic starting material into nanofibers by defibrating the oxidized cellulosic starting material, and a step (C) of performing at least one selected from the following steps: a step (C-1) of treating the cellulosic starting material in water having a hydroxide ion concentration of 0.75 to 3.75 mol/L prior to performing the step (A); and a step (C-2) of subjecting the oxidized cellulosic starting material obtained from the step (A) to hydrolysis in an alkaline solution having a pH between 8 and 14 after performing the step (A) and prior to performing the step (B). | 02-27-2014 |
20140123973 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Methods and systems for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass including hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, including exploding the biomass cells to devolatilize the biomass, hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to produce a liquid component including hemicellulosic sugars and a solid component including less than 10% hemicellulose, separating the liquid and solid components, vaporizing the cellulose in the solid component, and condensing the cellulosic sugar vapors. The methods and systems may vaporize the cellulose in a continuous steam reactor at a temperature of about 400-550° C. and a pressure of about 1-3 bara. Electromagnetic and/or electroaccoustic treatment such as ultrasound and/or microwave treatment may be applied to the biomass immediately before or during cellulose hydrolysis. | 05-08-2014 |
20140182582 | PROCESSES FOR MAKING CELLULOSE WITH VERY LOW LIGNIN CONTENT FOR GLUCOSE, HIGH-PURITY CELLULOSE, OR CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES - In some variations, the invention provides a process for producing purified cellulose, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass; contacting the feedstock with sulfur dioxide, water, and a solvent for lignin, to produce intermediate solids and a liquid phase comprising hemicelluloses and lignin; mildly bleaching the intermediate solids to further delignify the intermediate solids, thereby generating cellulose-rich solids; and washing the cellulose-rich solids to generate purified cellulose with less than 2 weight percent lignin. The bleaching may employ bleaching agents including lignin-modifying enzymes. The bleaching and washing steps may be combined. It is also possible to carry out bleaching prior to, or simultaneously with, biomass fractionation in the digestor, which may help reduce downstream lignin precipitation. The purified cellulose may be utilized for making cellulose materials or cellulose derivatives, or for hydrolysis to produce glucose. | 07-03-2014 |
20140196715 | ACID HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH MINIMAL USE OF AN ACID CATALYST - This specification describes a process of producing a monomeric sugar stream, with little or no acid addition, from an oligomeric sugar solution using the intrinsic features of the mildly pre-treated vegetable or ligno-cellulosic biomass, namely the presence of naturally occurring salts. This is accomplished by lowering the pH of the oligomer sugar solution with little or no addition of an acid and then exposing the biomass with the lowered pH to an elevated temperature greater than 80° C. for a time sufficient to hydrolyze the components of the biomass. | 07-17-2014 |
20140209092 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ACID RECYCLE - Methods and systems for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass are disclosed. An acid solution between 1% to 1.6% sulfuric acid is applied to the biomass. The biomass is subjected to an elevated temperature to cause the production of xylose, glucose, and furfural. Adjustments to temperature, acid concentration, and time can generate at least 80% or 90% of theoretical xylose, 45% or 50% of the theoretical glucose, and less than 4000 ppm of furfural in the xylose liquor. A portion of the resulting xylose liquor may be separated from the glucan solids. The xylose liquor, still highly acidic, can be recycled to reduce subsequent acid loading requirements. Makeup acid solution is added to the xylose liquor and subsequent biomass to ensure a proper solids to liquids ratio. The biomass is again treated to higher temperatures to yield sugars. The process may be repeated for each subsequent cycle. | 07-31-2014 |
20140216442 | METHOD FOR PREPARING SUGARS - In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a sugar is provided. The method includes mixing an organic acid and a solid acid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar. | 08-07-2014 |
20140261397 | METHOD OF SEPARATING CARBOHYDRATE - Disclosed is a method of separating carbohydrate, including: mixing formic acid with heteropoly acid, chloride or bromide of lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or iron, or combinations thereof to form a mixing liquid. The method also includes dissolving a cellulose biomass by the mixing liquid to form a solution, mixing water and the solution to hydrolyze the cellulose biomass for forming a carbohydrate solution, and mixing an extractant and the carbohydrate solution to extract the formic acid out of the carbohydrate solution. The heteropoly acid, the chloride or bromide of lithium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, or iron, or combinations thereof in the carbohydrate solution is separated out of the carbohydrate solution by ion exclusion chromatography separation to obtain a carbohydrate. | 09-18-2014 |
20140318532 | FLOW-THROUGH PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH INORGANIC NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES - A process for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is provided. The process generally includes flowing water through a pretreatment reactor containing a bed of particulate ligno-cellulosic biomass to produce a pressurized, high-temperature hydrolyzate exit stream, separating solubilized compounds from the hydrolyzate exit stream using an inorganic nanoporous membrane element, fractionating the retentate enriched in solubilized organic components and recycling the permeate to the pretreatment reactor. The pretreatment process provides solubilized organics in concentrated form for the subsequent conversion into biofuels and other chemicals. | 10-30-2014 |
20140331993 | GREEN PROCESS TO HYDROLYZE CARBOHYDRATES FROM TOBACCO BIOMASS USING SUBCRITICAL WATER - Processes for recovering sugars and nicotine from a tobacco biomass include feeding a biomass of tobacco plants and subcritical water to a reactor, hydrolyzing the biomass of tobacco plants with the subcritical water at a temperature between about 150° C. and 305° C. and recovering a liquid product and a solid product from the reactor, wherein the liquid product contains water-soluble sugars and nicotine. | 11-13-2014 |
20140352688 | PROCESS FOR PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH A HYDRATED INORGANIC SALT COMPRISING A PRELIMINARY ACID HYDROLYSIS STAGE - A process for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by
| 12-04-2014 |
20140360493 | PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE IN HYDRATED MOLTEN SALTS - A process for converting cellulose to glucose, said process comprising the steps of: providing a hydrated molten salt; contacting the hydrated molten salt with a cellulose-containing material to form dissolved glucose; removing the dissolved glucose from the hydrated molten salt. | 12-11-2014 |
20150114386 | PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF PENTOSE FROM LIGNO-CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATE - A process for the hydrolysis of xylose/arabinose-containing polymers, present in biomass material. The hydrolysis is performed by acid which is generated via salts present in the substrate, and whereby acid is constantly recycled, thereby strongly reducing salt discharge. | 04-30-2015 |
20150122245 | TWO STEP OPTIMIZATION FOR LIQUEFACTION OF BIOMASS - The present invention describes a process involving liquefaction of a biomass slurry by treatment in hot compressed water (HCW), said process comprising: —a first decomposition step being performed at an average pH level of at most 4.5, wherein a hemicellulose fraction in the biomass slurry is decomposed to water soluble mono- and/or oligomers, and wherein a cellulose fraction undergoes a pre-treatment for decrystallization of the cellulose polymer; —a separation step; and —a second decomposition step, wherein the cellulose fraction in the biomass slurry is decomposed to water soluble mono- and/or oligomers; wherein both of the first and second decomposition steps are performed at sub-critical temperatures implying relatively moderate conditions. | 05-07-2015 |
20150122246 | SUGAR EXTRACTION AND IONIC LIQUID RECYCLING USING ALKALINE SOLUTIONS - The present invention provides a method for obtaining a monosaccharide from a lignocellulosic material in a form suitable for use as a carbon source in a reaction. In some embodiments, the monosaccharide is in a form suitable for use in a fermentation reaction, e.g., to produce an alcohol such as ethanol. | 05-07-2015 |
20150136120 | SUGAR RECOVERY METHOD FROM LIGNO-CELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Disclosed in this specification is a process for the improved hydrolysis of glucans to glucose wherein a portion of the glucose is removed from the process to improve the yield of glucose. | 05-21-2015 |
20150292049 | FLASH COOLING FOR QUENCHING A HYDROLYSIS REACTION OF A BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK - The present invention describes a process for quenching a hydrothermal, dilute acid hydrolysis reaction of a biomass feedstock, wherein degradation of an aqueous monomer and/or oligomer sugar mixture is slowed down or stopped by flash cooling of the aqueous monomer and/or oligomer sugar mixture, and wherein the flash cooling ensures that a fraction of dissolved and volatile degradation byproducts are removed by a forming vapor stream, and wherein a lignin component, if present, is solidified into a structure with good de-watering characteristics, allowing for subsequent removal of the lignin component by separation, said process resulting in a hydrolyzed solution of sugar monomers and/or oligomers. | 10-15-2015 |
20150322625 | PRETREATMENT METHOD FOR CELLULOSE-CONTAINING BIOMASS, PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SACCHARIFYING BIOMASS COMPOSITION, AND SUGAR PRODUCTION METHOD - A pretreatment method (1) for improving saccharification performance of a cellulose-containing biomass as a saccharification starting material, which includes: step 1 of pulverizing cellulose-containing biomass; step 2 of subjecting the pulverized cellulose-containing biomass to hydrothermal treatment; and step 3 of finely pulverizing the cellulose-containing biomass subjected to the hydrothermal treatment. The fine pulverization in step 3 is performed by using a refiner or disc mill provided with a plate or disc without a flow passage leading from a center toward a circumferential direction. Also disclosed is (2) a method for producing a biomass composition for saccharification, which includes conducting the pretreatment method; and (3) a method for producing a sugar, which includes hydrolyzing a biomass composition for saccharification obtained by the production method. | 11-12-2015 |
20150337401 | PLANT-BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS METHOD - A method for hydrolyzing a plant biomass, including hydrothermal treatment in which an equivalent concentration of an acid equal to the total of 30 to 1,000% of the equivalent concentration of cations and equivalent concentration of hydroxide ions in a plant-biomass hydrolysis reaction solution is added to the reaction solution; and a method for producing glucose using the above method for hydrolyzing a plant biomass. The hydrothermal treatment is desirably conducted using a solid catalyst including a carbon material and an inorganic acid. The method can eliminate reaction-inhibiting factors due to cations existing in the reaction system to thereby attain a high glucose yield. | 11-26-2015 |
20150337402 | PLANT-BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS METHOD - A method for hydrolyzing a plant biomass, which includes a first process of heating a mixture containing a plant biomass, a solid catalyst, acid and water, and a second process for heating the mixture containing a solid containing a plant biomass and a catalyst separated from the reaction solution after the first process, acid and water, wherein the highest heating temperature in the second process is higher than that in the first process; and a method for producing glucose and xylose using the above-mentioned hydrolyzing method. In the method, both of glucose and xylose can be obtained efficiently from an actual biomass. | 11-26-2015 |
20150337403 | PLANT-BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS METHOD - A method for hydrolyzing a plant biomass, which includes hydrothermal treatment in the presence of an equivalent concentration of an acid equal to 30 to 1,000% of the equivalent concentration of cations in a plant-biomass hydrolysis reaction solution; and a method for producing glucose using the above method for hydrolyzing a plant biomass. The hydrothermal treatment is preferably conducted by using a solid catalyst comprising a carbon material and using inorganic acid as acid. The method eliminates reaction-inhibiting factors to thereby obtain a high glucose yield. | 11-26-2015 |
20150354018 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATED SACCHARIFIED SOLUTION - A method for producing a concentrated saccharified solution using lignocellulosic biomass as a source material. The method includes filtering a saccharified solution obtained by hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass through a membrane separator having a separation membrane having a molecular cutoff ranging from 1000 or more and 7000 or less, and feeding it to a reverse osmosis membrane device to concentrate the same. By such treatment, the saccharides having small molecular weights contained in the saccharified solution are transferred to the filtrate, and the lignin and its decomposition product having large molecular weights are drained as a concentrated solution from the membrane separator. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent loss of saccharides contained in the saccharified solution, and to easily prevent occurrence of fouling in the reverse osmosis membrane used in concentration of the saccharified solution. | 12-10-2015 |
20160017061 | UNIVERSAL BIOMASS REFINERY - The invention is directed to a process for refining prepared biomass to produce hemicellulose hydrolyzates, cellulose of sugars involving the perforate at least a portion of the cells of the prepared biomass prior to hydrolyzing the biomass, reclaiming the catalysts used in hydrolysis, and drying the hydrolysis using reclaimed heat from previous steps in the process. | 01-21-2016 |
20160024227 | METHOD FOR BREAKING DOWN LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS - The present invention relates to a method for breaking down lignocellulose biomass. In said method, acid-impregnated lignocellulose biomass, e.g., beech wood, pine wood or sugarcane bagasse, is subjected to a mechanical treatment and the obtained break-down residues are fed to a process of separation into water-soluble and water-insoluble components. | 01-28-2016 |
20160024711 | SOLVOLYSIS OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE AQUEOUS AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS - The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass to produce aqueous and organic products using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 01-28-2016 |
20160046731 | PRODUCTION OF SUGARS FROM BIOMASS USING SOLID CATALYSTS - The invention provides a process for producing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: drying lignocellulosic biomass; hydrolyzing the dried feedstock with a hydrolysis catalyst to reach high conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to sugars; washing and/or separating the sugars from the residual solids (containing lignin and catalyst); combusting the residual solids to burn the lignin and produce an ash stream comprising the hydrolysis catalyst; recycling the ash stream comprising the hydrolysis catalyst to the hydrolysis reactor; and recovering the sugars. Some variations envision drying a feedstock (e.g., sugarcane straw) with flue gas, then mixing with catalysts, rotating until hydrolysis is completed, separating sugars, washing out catalyst and lignin, burning catalyst and lignin and collecting catalyst from the bottom of a fluidized bed to recycle the catalyst to the front (with fresh biomass). Alternatively, the catalyst may be first separated from lignin and only the lignin is burned. | 02-18-2016 |
20160053337 | PROCESS FOR CONTROLLED LIQUEFACTION OF A BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK BY TREATMENT IN HOT COMPRESSED WATER - The present invention describes a process for a controlled conversion of a biomass feedstock, wherein the process comprises the steps of:
| 02-25-2016 |
20160068920 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FRACTIONATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS - Methods and systems for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass including hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, including exploding the biomass cells to devolatilize the biomass, hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to produce a liquid component including hemicellulosic sugars and a solid component including less than 10% hemicellulose, separating the liquid and solid components, vaporizing the cellulose in the solid component, and condensing the cellulosic sugar vapors. The methods and systems may vaporize the cellulose in a continuous steam reactor at a temperature of about 400-550° C. and a pressure of about 1-3 bara. Electromagnetic and/or electroaccoustic treatment such as ultrasound and/or microwave treatment may be applied to the biomass immediately before or during cellulose hydrolysis. | 03-10-2016 |
20160097107 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MONOSACCHARIDES FROM ALGAE - A method for producing monosaccharides from algae includes (a) treating algae-containing water using an electrocoagulation device having an iron-based anode to induce flocculation of algae so as to obtain flocculated algae which have a trace amount of iron derived from the iron-based anode, (b) collecting the flocculated algae from the algae-containing water, and (c) subjecting the flocculated algae to an acid hydrolysis reaction in an acid solution to obtain monosaccharides. A liquid-to-solid ratio of a volume of the acid solution to a solid content of the flocculated algae is not less than 12 ml/g. The acid solution has an acid concentration not less than 3% by volume. | 04-07-2016 |
20160097108 | ORGANO-CATALYTIC BIOMASS DECONSTRUCTION - The present invention provides processes for catalytic deconstruction of biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 04-07-2016 |
20160102372 | SOLVOLYSIS OF BIOMASS USING SOLVENT FROM A BIOREFORMING PROCESS - The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction. | 04-14-2016 |
20180023251 | METHOD OF DIRECTED FOULING OF A SUBSTANCE ONTO A SELECTED SURFACE | 01-25-2018 |
20190144954 | SOLID CATALYSTS | 05-16-2019 |
127038000 | Amylaceous material | 1 |
20090314286 | Geobacillus Stearothermophilus Alpha-Amylase (AmyS) Variants with Improved Properties - Described are variants of a parent α-amylase that exhibits an alteration in at least one of the following properties relative to said parent α-amylase: specific activity, substrate specificity, substrate binding, substrate cleavage, thermal stability, pH-dependent activity, pH-dependent stability, oxidative stability, Ca2+ dependency, pI, and wash performance. The variants are suitable for starch conversion, ethanol production, laundry washing, dish washing, hard surface cleaning, textile desizing, and/or sweetener production. | 12-24-2009 |