| Class / Patent application number | Description | Number of patent applications / Date published |
|---|
| 075507000 | Melting Iron(Fe) or treating molten Iron | 40 |
| 20130036868 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PIG IRON OR LIQUID PRIMARY STEEL PRODUCTS - A process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products is provided. Charge materials containing iron ore and, if appropriate, additions are reduced in at least one reduction unit by means of a reducing gas, and at least parts thereof are smelted in a smelting unit, with coal being added and with formation of the reducing gas. Reducing gas from the smelting unit and/or top gas from the reduction unit are/is subjected to cleaning. The process water obtained during the wet cleaning is degassed and in the process volatile organic compounds are removed from the process water. | 02-14-2013 |
| 20100122607 | Method and apparatus for carrying out a metallurgical process - A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace. | 05-20-2010 |
| 20100263488 | Method of production of secondary steel based on scrap - With the production of the secondary steel based on scrap, wherein the scrap ( | 10-21-2010 |
| 20100313711 | METHOD FOR THE MELTING OF PIG IRON WITH THE RECIRCULATION OF BLAST FURNACE GAS AND WITH THE ADDITION OF HYDROCARBONS - A method for the melting of pig iron in a blast furnace ( | 12-16-2010 |
| 20110247458 | Method for Influencing the Properties of Cast Iron - A method is provided for influencing the properties of cast iron by adding magnesium to the cast iron melt and measuring the oxygen content of the cast iron melt. Magnesium is added to the cast iron melt until the oxygen content of the cast iron melt is approximately 0.005 to 0.2 ppm at a temperature of approximately 1,420° C. A sensor for measuring the oxygen content in cast iron melts contains an electrochemical measuring cell containing a solid electrolyte tube. | 10-13-2011 |
| 20100018348 | Method for Influencing the Properties of Cast Iron, and Oxygen Sensor - A method is provided for influencing the properties of cast iron by adding magnesium to the cast iron melt and measuring the oxygen content of the cast iron melt. Magnesium is added to the cast iron melt until the oxygen content of the cast iron melt is approximately 0.005 to 0.2 ppm at a temperature of approximately 1,420° C. A sensor for measuring the oxygen content in cast iron melts contains an electrochemical measuring cell containing a solid electrolyte tube. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20120000317 | Method Of Refining The Grain Structure Of Alloys - The invention is directed to a method of making liquid metal compositions containing a large number of solid particles per unit volume, without external heat removal, which solid particles act as nuclei for grains when the metal is solidified. A method of forming a metal solid includes the step of partially removing a solute of a liquid metallic solution which is at its liquidus temperature to partially solidify a metal solvent component, thereby forming a solid fraction, wherein there is essentially no reduction in temperature of the liquid metallic solution and solid fraction. The method further includes the step of subsequently lowering the temperature of the liquid metallic solution and solid fraction to solidify the remaining liquid metallic solution and thereby form a solid that includes the solid fraction formed during the step of partial solute removal. In an embodiment, the method further includes turbulence from gas evolution which aids in solid particle formation and grain refinement. | 01-05-2012 |
| 20110154951 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MOLTEN IRON - The object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing molten iron through the efficient reduction of iron oxide having various chemical compositions and various shapes, or through the efficient melting of scrap iron or reduced iron having various shapes and various chemical compositions, the process being used in cases where the amount of iron necessary per furnace is not so large as in blast furnace processes. Specifically, the present invention provides a process for producing molten iron comprising the steps of: supplying carbon-containing molten iron to a holding container, heating the molten iron using heat of a combustion reaction of a gas mixture containing a fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas, thereby storing the heat therein, and adding a carbon source and an iron-containing material that contains iron oxide and/or scrap iron to the heated and heat-stored molten iron, thereby converting the iron-containing material to molten iron. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20120152061 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING DIRECT REDUCED IRON AND/OR HOT METAL USING BROWN COAL - The present invention provides a method for producing direct reduced iron and/or hot metal using high-moisture content carbonaceous material, including: agglomerating carbonaceous material from the high-moisture content carbonaceous material with a metal oxide-bearing material to form an agglomerate suitable for use in a direct reduction and/or hot metal producing process. The method also includes distilling the high-moisture content carbonaceous material. The method further includes dry quenching the carbonaceous material obtained from the distilling step. The method still further includes drying the high-moisture content carbonaceous material with energy from a hot off gas from a furnace for producing direct reduced iron and/or hot metal prior to the distilling step. | 06-21-2012 |
| 075508000 | Vacuum treatment of molten Iron(Fe) | 4 |
| 20100126311 | DIRECT PROCESSING OF METALLIC ORE CONCENTRATES INTO FERROALLOYS - A method for producing liquid ferroalloy by direct processing of manganese and chromium bearing iron compounds, by the steps: of mixing carbonaceous reductant, fluxing agent, and a binder with materials such as iron sands, metallic oxides, manganese-iron ore concentrates and/or chromium-iron ore concentrates and silica sands, to form a mixture; forming agglomerates from the mixture; feeding the agglomerates to a melting furnace with other materials; melting the feed materials at a temperature of from 1500 to 1760 C and forming a slag and hot metal; removing the slag; and tapping the hot metal as liquid ferroalloy. | 05-27-2010 |
| 20080257110 | Method of producing transformation induced plasticity steels having improved castability - A method for producing Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels comprises adding a degassing step to remove hydrogen and nitrogen prior to casting, resulting in a more fluid steel that exhibits improved castability. | 10-23-2008 |
| 20120055288 | Method of Making a High Strength, High Toughness, Fatigue Resistant, Precipitation Hardenable Stainless Steel and Product Made Therefrom - A process for making a precipitation hardenable stainless steel alloy is described. The process includes the step of melting a martensitic steel alloy having the following composition in weight percent, about | 03-08-2012 |
| 075510000 | Vacuum lift | 1 |
| 20120160063 | DEVICE FOR DEGASSING MOLTEN STEEL WITH AN IMPROVED DISCHARGE NOZZLE - The present invention relates to a device for degassing molten steel, comprising an evacuation vessel ( | 06-28-2012 |
| 075526000 | Adding solid treating agent in form of wire, rod, or article with surface feature or in container or by plunging means | 7 |
| 20090277304 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF FE BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOY - According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a process for production of an amorphous alloy can be provided at low cost by, e.g., efficiently removing magnetic-property-degrading Al and Ti when using inexpensive Fe—B or scrap as an amorphous alloy raw material. An exemplary embodiment of the process for production of an Fe-based amorphous alloy ribbon can comprise, by mass, e.g., 2 to 4% of B, 1 to 6% of Si, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable materials is provided. For example, it can be determined whether the molten alloy obtained by melting a main raw material has a Ti concentration or Al concentration of 0.005 mass % or greater: When such even occurs, iron oxide source having an iron content of 55 mass % or greater can be added thereto to reduce both Ti and Al to less than 0.005 mass % by oxidative removal. Alternatively, it is possible to determine whether the main raw material has a composition whose Ti concentration or Al concentration is 0.005 mass % or greater, and when it does, an iron oxide source having an iron content of 55 mass % or greater is precharged into a melting vessel together with the main raw material. | 11-12-2009 |
| 20080245189 | Apparatus for Injecting Solid Particulate Material Into a Vessel - Smelting apparatus comprises a vessel ( | 10-09-2008 |
| 20100162853 | DESULFURIZATION PUCK - A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten iron. The desulfurization agent includes one or more pucks or briquettes of deoxidizing and/or desulfurization agent. The pucks or briquettes of deoxidizing and/or desulfurization agent include at least one deoxidizing metal and at least one ferrous metal. | 07-01-2010 |
| 20110126671 | Methods of Using Tires and Scrap Rubber in the Manufacture and Melting of Steel and Other Metals - A method of using scrap rubber and other scrap materials, such as tires or parts or pieces of tires, to manufacture or melt steel and other metals in a furnace is disclosed. The scrap rubber may be used as a carbon source for the manufacture of steel and other metals, and may be used as an energy source to melt the scrap metal used to make the steel and other metals. The net benefit of this method includes reducing the amount of scrap rubber, such as tires, to be sent to a waste disposal facility or landfill, thereby improving the environment. In addition, by increasing the use of scrap rubber as a source of energy for steel or metal production, less energy is required from other sources. | 06-02-2011 |
| 20110041653 | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ULTRA LOW CARBON FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL - The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a ferritic stainless steel containing an ultra low level of carbon concentration in molten steel within time shorter than existing technology by controlling content, appropriate composition, and liquid-state fraction, etc., of Cr | 02-24-2011 |
| 20120024112 | Composition and process for improved efficiency in steel making - A method for reducing tundish and ladle nozzle clogging in a steel making process by introducing an additive into molten steel containers used in steel making at predetermined times. The additives introduced are oxides of iron which contain between 10% and 30% of oxygen by weight. By adding the oxides of iron in a controlled manner using a cored wire apparatus, clogs in tundish or ladle nozzles in the steel making process are avoided and the steel flows more smoothly with less interruptions due to clogged nozzles. A preferred embodiment uses oxides of iron contained in a cored wire which can be introduced at a predetermined rate and readily mix with molten steel, provide better distribution of dissolved oxygen in the steel to oxidize inclusions, and facilitate removal of the inclusions before the inclusions can cause nozzle clogging. | 02-02-2012 |
| 20100175508 | HIGH TEMPERATURE ALLOYS - An improved nickel-chromium-iron alloy is provided, which comprises up to about 5% of hafnium-containing particles. In one embodiment, an improved creep resistant castable oxide dispersion strengthened nickel-chromium-iron alloy comprises up to about 5% of hafnium, with at least part of the hafnium being present as finely dispersed oxidized particles. Further embodiments of the improved alloy can comprise additionally up to about 15% by weight aluminum. The alloy is particularly useful in the production of creep resistant tubes and castings, for example, for the petrochemical market. | 07-15-2010 |
| 075528000 | Injecting gas or nonmetalliferous liquid which gasifies into, onto, or through premelted Iron(Fe) or slag layer thereon | 8 |
| 20120060650 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MOLTEN IRON - An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing molten iron, the method being capable of minimizing the generation of converter dust and increasing the thermal degree of freedom in the converter process. In addition, the present invention provides a method for improving a converter operation method in the production of steels. | 03-15-2012 |
| 20110308353 | PRODUCTION OF IRON FROM METALLURGICAL WASTE - A method of recovering metallic iron from iron-bearing metallurgical waste in steelmaking comprising steps of providing an iron-bearing metallurgical waste containing more than 55% by weight FeO and FeO equivalent and a particle size of at least 80% less than 10 mesh, mixing the iron-bearing metallurgical waste with a carbonaceous material to form a reducible mixture where the carbonaceous material is between 80 and 110% of the stoichiometric amount needed to reduce the iron-bearing waste to metallic iron, and as needed additions to provide a silica content between 0.8 and 8% by weight and a ratio of CaO/SiO | 12-22-2011 |
| 075529000 | With hydrocarbon liquid or gas present | 1 |
| 20110126672 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF STEEL USING METAL CHARGE MATERIAL - A method for the continuous production of steel using metal charge material that is preheated in an upper part of a melting vessel, is then melted in a lower part of the melting vessel with fossil fuels and the molten material is continuously discharged into a treatment vessel in which the desired steel quality is adjusted while gases are introduced into the melting vessel from the exterior to afterburn the melting exhaust gases. The process gases are step-wise afterburned when ascending in the melting vessel by introducing the afterburn gases into the interior of the charge material column by way of an interior shaft that projects into the material column and in whose walls inlet openings for the gases are disposed and form afterburn planes arranged one on top of the other. | 06-02-2011 |
| 075531000 | And adding solid agent, slag, or flux to premelted Iron(Fe) or slag layer thereon | 3 |
| 20090038439 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING STEEL FOR HIGH-CARBON STEEL WIRE MATERIAL WITH EXCELLENT DRAWABILITY AND FATIQUE CHARACTERISTICS - The present invention provides a method suitable for manufacturing a steel material for obtaining a steel wire rod with decreased amount of hard nonmetallic inclusions and improved drawability and fatigue property by adequately controlling the conditions of secondary refining and manufacturing conditions in a converter. Converter blowing is performed by taking molten iron, cold iron, and steel scrap as main raw materials to be charged into a converter, the ratio of these components based on all the main raw materials being such that the molten iron takes 96 to 100% (means wt. %, same hereinbelow), the cold iron takes 4% or less, and the steel scrap takes 2% or less, and by setting an average P concentration in all the main raw materials to 0.02% or less, and operations are carried out such that a flow rate of gas for stirring molten steel during secondary refining after completion of the converter blowing is set to 0.0005 Nm | 02-12-2009 |
| 075540000 | Gas contains gaseous Oxygen | 2 |
| 075543000 | Elemental metal or elemental Silicon(Si) | 2 |
| 20100294080 | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND THE MELTING OF LIQUID PIG IRON OR OF LIQUID STEEL INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS IN A MELT-DOWN GASIFIER - A method and an apparatus for the production and the melting of liquid pig iron or of liquid steel intermediate products in a melt-down gasifier, with the introduction of oxygen-containing gas streams through oxygen nozzles into the solid bed. At least one oxygen nozzle has a single gas supply and introduces at least two gas streams. Using plural gas streams from a nozzle reduces the risk of fluidization of the solid bed because the number of gas raceways in materials in the gasifier is increased. | 11-25-2010 |
| 20090031860 | Production of Stainless Steel of AISI 4XX Grade Ferritic Steel in an Aod Converter - For the production of stainless steel of the ferritic AISI 4xx group of steels, particularly the AISI 430 group of steels, based on liquid pig iron and FeCr solids, the invention proposes the use of the AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) process in which oxygen and inert gas (inactive gas) together are blown into the bath through nozzles and top-blown onto the surface of the bath by a blowing lance. The aim of the treatment is to conclude a smelting charge within an optimal time period, to achieve the intended tapping temperature and composition, and to minimize chromium losses. This is achieved by a correspondingly applied technology and by means of a metallurgic process model which observes, prognosticates and controls the treatment of the smelting charge. | 02-05-2009 |
| 075548000 | Gas contains gaseous Oxygen | 2 |
| 20100064856 | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING STEEL - A process for producing steel and for obtaining slag having a high content of additional elements such as vanadium in a two-step process. Liquid pig iron is initially blown onto a high-grade slag at a lower temperature, the slag being further processed separately after tapping, while the pig iron is supplied to at least one additional converter in which it is blown at a higher temperature to form steel. A high-grade slag is generated while shortening the steel production process using the process in that the intermediate metal product that is tapped from the first converter is subjected to a heating and/or holding phase before being supplied to the second converter. | 03-18-2010 |
| 075549000 | With treatment of exhaust gas | 1 |
| 075550000 | And adding gaseous Oxygen or inert gas to exhaust gas | 1 |
| 20110094340 | COMBUSTION OF CO AND COMBUSTIBLES IN STEEL FURNACE OFFGASES - A hot oxygen stream containing radicals is fed into an offgas stream from a steelmaking vessel to convert carbon monoxide in the offgas to carbon dioxide. | 04-28-2011 |
| 075560000 | Treating premelted Iron(Fe) or slag layer thereon by adding solid agent, slag, or flux | 5 |
| 20100071509 | METHOD OF PRODUCING STEEL FOR STEEL PIPE EXCELLENT IN SOUR-RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE - The steel for steel pipes of the present invention is the one for steel pipes excellent in sour-resistance performance including C, Mn, Si, P, S, Ti, Al, Ca, N and O, and optionally including a predetermined amount of one or more of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, B and Nb, in which inclusions in the steel have Ca, Al, O and S as main components, the CaO content in the inclusions is 30 to 80%, the ratio of the N content in the steel (ppm) to the CaO content in the inclusions (%) is from 0.28 to 2.0, and the CaS content in the inclusions is 25% or less. In addition, the method of producing steel for steel pipes of the present invention is to produce steel for steel pipes in which Ca is added so that the ratio of the N content in the steel to the amount of Ca addition (kg/t) into the molten steel is from 200 to 857. According to the production method of the present invention, a slag composition, temperature-raising heating of molten steel, stirring treatment of molten steel and slag, and the Ca addition are optimized, whereby high-strength HIC resistant steel for steel pipes that exhibit excellent sour-resistance performance and cleanliness can be stably manufactured. | 03-25-2010 |
| 20110203415 | METHOD OF SUPPRESSING SLAG FOAMING IN CONTINUOUS MELTING FURNACE - A method of suppressing slag foaming that can grasp a state of slag foaming in the continuous melting furnace and accurately suppress the slag foaming so as to enable continuous production of molten metal in a stable state. This method includes charging of a suppressor into slag in the furnace, measuring a flow rate of a flue gas discharged from the continuous melting furnace during blowing of the slag over time, increasing a charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has an increasing tendency and decreasing the charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has a decreasing tendency. | 08-25-2011 |
| 20110197713 | RECARBURISATION METHOD - A method for recarburising a molten ferro-alloy in a ladle or ladle furnace comprises the step of adding a carbon-containing polymer to the ladle or furnace. The polymer is adapted to function as a recarburiser of the ferro-alloy. In this regard, the polymer can have a format which, when it contacts the molten ferro-alloy, promotes dissolution of carbon from the polymer into the molten ferro-alloy. | 08-18-2011 |
| 075567000 | Elemental metal or elemental Silicon(Si) | 1 |
| 075568000 | Aluminum(Al) or Magnesium(Mg) | 1 |
| 20110167963 | DUAL OUTLET INJECTION SYSTEM - A dual outlet injector is disclosed for use in a dual lance or dual port desulfurization station, whereby reagent from a given injector vessel may be injected into two separate supply pipes respectively corresponding to the dual lances or dual ports. The dual outlet injector enables a desulfurization station to be configured comprising only one supply vessel for powdered magnesium reagent and only one supply vessel for a carrier reagent such as powdered lime. | 07-14-2011 |
| 075570000 | Alkali metal compound or Alkaline earth metal compound | 1 |
| 20110209581 | METHOD OF PRODUCING STEEL FOR STEEL PIPE EXCELLENT IN SOUR-RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE - The steel for steel pipes of the present invention is the one for steel pipes excellent in sour-resistance performance including C, Mn, Si, P, S, Ti, Al, Ca, N and O, and optionally including a predetermined amount of one or more of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, B and Nb, in which inclusions in the steel have Ca, Al, O and S as main components, the CaO content in the inclusions is 30 to 80%, the ratio of the N content in the steel (ppm) to the CaO content in the inclusions (%) is from 0.28 to 2.0, and the CaS content in the inclusions is 25% or less. In addition, the method of producing steel for steel pipes of the present invention is to produce steel for steel pipes in which Ca is added so that the ratio of the N content in the steel to the amount of Ca addition (kg/t) into the molten steel is from 200 to 857. According to the production method of the present invention, a slag composition, temperature-raising heating of molten steel, stirring treatment of molten steel and slag, and the Ca addition are optimized, whereby high-strength HIC resistant steel for steel pipes that exhibit excellent sour-resistance performance and cleanliness can be stably manufactured. | 09-01-2011 |
| 075571000 | Melting solid Iron(Fe) | 1 |
| 075573000 | In shaft furnace (e.g., cupola, etc.) | 1 |
| 20100043599 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING MOLTEN MATERIAL - In a method for the production of molten metal, oxygen, a reducing agent and iron reduced in a reduction reactor are introduced into a melt gasifier, the reducing agent is gasified with oxygen and reduced iron is melted by means of the heat which occurs, the cupola gas being used as at least a fraction of the reduction gas. Reacted top gas is drawn off from the reduction reactor. | 02-25-2010 |
| 075582000 | Separating slag from molten Iron(Fe) | 3 |
| 20090293677 | High efficient method of slag scooping-up from liquid iron and a device for implementing said method - The present invention provides a method of high efficient slag scooping-up from liquid iron and a device for implementing said method. The two wings of slag rake mounted to the front end of cantilever descend side by side until beneath the surface of the liquid iron at a certain depth. The two rakes make swing movement respectively along the surface of liquid iron. When gradually moving close to each other in the course of swing movement, they get put together and clamp the solid slag. Then, driven by the cantilever, the two slag rakes which clamp the sold slag are brought to ascend until above the surface at a certain height. Finally they leave the space over the ladle and discharge the slag. The deslagging rate can reach over 90%. It just takes less than 3 minutes for the whole process of slagging-off. Additionally, the iron carried away in the process of slagging-off could be greatly reduced. The iron loss rate can be strictly controlled within 0.1%. | 12-03-2009 |
| 20120167718 | METHOD FOR SCOOPING-UP SLAG FROM LIQUID IRON - The present invention provides a high efficiency method for scooping-up slag from liquid iron in a ladle. The two wings of slag rake mounted to the front end of cantilever descend side by side until beneath the surface of the liquid iron at a certain depth. The two rakes make swinging movements, respectively, along the surface of liquid iron. When gradually moving close to each other during the swinging movement, the slag rakes push together and clamp the solid slag. While clamping the slag, the two slag rakes are driven upwardly by the cantilever until they are above the surface by a certain height. Finally, the slag rakes leave the space over the ladle, and discharge the slag. The de-slagging rate can reach over 90%, and the process takes less than 3 minutes. Additionally, the iron carried away while scooping-up the slag can be strictly controlled within 0.1%. | 07-05-2012 |
| 20120325054 | METHOD OF ALLOYING VARIOUS GRADES OF STEEL WITH MANGANESE OXIDES - A method of alloying an iron majority compound with an oxide is provided. The method may include: heating the iron majority compound to a molten state; adding an oxide containing manganese to the molten iron majority compound; adding slag forming materials and reducers to the molten iron majority compound; controlling the iron majority compound to achieve a desired temperature environment for a desired period of time; and removing slag from the iron majority compound. | 12-27-2012 |
| 075583000 | Stirring or agitating molten Iron(Fe) | 2 |
| 20130025413 | METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF CHROME-CONTAINING MOLTEN IRON AND SLAG - Chrome-containing molten iron and slag are to be obtained in an electric furnace operation using CaF | 01-31-2013 |
| 20120260773 | OPERATION METHOD FOR MECHANICALLY STIRRING CHROME-CONTAINING MOLTEN IRON - A method for stirring chrome-containing molten iron comprises mechanically stirring chrome-containing molten iron contained in a refining vessel by the use of an impeller having a rotation axis in the vertical direction where the refining vessel is such that the horizontal cross section of the inner wall thereof is circular around the central axis of the vessel in the vertical direction and the impeller, as integrated with the axial rod covered with a refractory, rotates around the central axis of the axial rod, as the rotation axis thereof. The stirring mode is regularly or irregularly switched between a concentric stirring of the molten iron in a state where the rotation axis of the impeller is centered in the central axis of the vessel and an eccentric stirring of the molten iron in a state where the rotation axis of the impeller is decentered from the central axis of the vessel. | 10-18-2012 |
| 075584000 | Pouring or tapping molten Iron(Fe) | 1 |
| 20100288078 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING STAINLESS STEEL USING DIRECT REDUCTION FURNACES FOR FERROCHROME AND FERRONICKEL ON THE PRIMARY SIDE OF A CONVERTER - In order to allow a significant reduction of the steel production costs when producing stainless steel with the alloying elements chromium and nickel, according to the invention, it is proposed to perform the intermediate production of ferrochromium and ferronickel in two separate direct reduction processes based on low-cost chromium ore and nickel ore in two SAF ( | 11-18-2010 |
