THE HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Patent applications |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20160023202 | DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-EFFICIENCY ADSORBENT FROM E-WASTE AND ALUMINOSILICATE-BASED MATERIALS FOR THE REMOVAL OF TOXIC HEAVY METAL IONS FROM WASTEWATER - An impregnated and activated ion exchange material prepared by a process is provided that includes: impregnating an ion exchange precursor material, wherein impregnation of the ion exchange precursor material includes reacting the ion exchange precursor material with an impregnator solution, thereby increasing the surface area and the hydrophilicity of the ion exchange precursor material; activating the impregnated ion exchange precursor material to increase the porosity of the impregnated ion exchange precursor material, wherein the ion exchange precursor material comprises at least one of nonmetallic printed (NMP) circuit board, amorphous aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof. In other aspects, a method for fabricating an ion exchanger and a method for removing heavy metal ions from a solution are provided. | 01-28-2016 |
20150264327 | PROJECTION DEVICE AND FABRICATION METHOD OF A POLARIZATION GRATING - A projection device including a light source, a reflective spatial polarization modulator, a polarization grating, and a projection lens is provided. The light source is configured to provide a light beam. The reflective spatial polarization modulator is disposed on a path of the light beam and configured to reflect the light beam and modulate a polarization state of the light beam. The polarization grating is disposed on the path of the light beam between the light source and the reflective spatial polarization modulator, wherein the reflective spatial polarization modulator reflects the light beam from the reflective spatial polarization modulator back to the polarization grating. The projection lens is disposed on the path of the light beam from the reflective spatial polarization modulator, wherein the polarization grating is disposed on the path of the light beam between the reflective spatial polarization modulator and the projection lens. | 09-17-2015 |
20150121997 | NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ELLIPSOIDAL SHELL - Systems and methods that facilitate the determination of mechanical properties of an ellipsoidal shell are provided in this disclosure. The ellipsoidal shell is contacted with an indenter device. The indenter device indents the ellipsoidal shell and creates an indentation in an indentation region on the ellipsoidal shell. Indentation data is recorded at the indentation region. Mechanical properties of the ellipsoid shell can be determined based on the indentation data. | 05-07-2015 |
20150072979 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING VIRAL INFECTIONS - The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating, preventing, and inhibiting viral replication, viral infections and viral diseases and disorders, comprising the use of artemisinin derivatives having anti-viral activity. | 03-12-2015 |
20150071368 | CSI FEEDBACK REDUCTION FOR MIMO INTERFERENCE ALIGNMENT - Channel state information (CSI) is reduced for a multi input multi output (MIMO) channel, in which feeding back a part of the CSI matrix is sufficient to align interference in a MIMO network. A feedback dimension quantifies a cost of the CSI feedback of the interference in the MIMO network. A feedback profile is determined that achieves a tradeoff between degrees of freedom, antenna resources and the cost of the feedback. The feedback profile parameterizes a feedback function, which determines how the CSI matrices are fed back to the transmitter. The precoders of the network are adaptive to only the partial CSI knowledge at the transmitter. | 03-12-2015 |
20150071190 | LARGE DEVIATION DELAY ANALYSIS OF QUEUE-AWARE MULTI-USER MIMO SYSTEMS WITH MULTI-TIMESCALE MOBILE-DRIVEN FEEDBACK - A subset of mobile device candidates in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel of network devices is selected for having a feedback priority among a set of mobile device candidates. The selection is based on a set of queue state information of a plurality of mobile device queues for transmitter and receiver devices of the MIMO channel in a multi-user MIMO network. A portion of the subset of mobile device candidates can be selected by a scheduling component of the system. Communications on the MIMO channels can be scheduled to the portion of the subset of mobile device candidates based on the feedback comprising channel state information and on the queue state information of the plurality of mobile device queues. | 03-12-2015 |
20150055688 | DISTRIBUTIVE SOURCE CODING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING - Signal processing, data encoding and/or decoding techniques are applied in a dictionary system. A dictionary is generated as a function of time shift and phase shift distortion. Atoms of the dictionary can be determined. Further, parameters of the dictionary can be flexibly chosen. In one aspect, signals can be processed as a function of the dictionary. | 02-26-2015 |
20150050494 | Incorporating Metals, Metal Oxides and Compounds on the Inner and Outer Surfaces of Nanotubes and Between the Walls of the Nanotubes and Preparation Thereof - A multi-walled titanium-based nanotube array containing metal or non-metal dopants is formed, in which the dopants are in the form of ions, compounds, clusters and particles located on at least one of a surface, inter-wall space and core of the nanotube. The structure can include multiple dopants, in the form of metal or non-metal ions, compounds, clusters or particles. The dopants can be located on one or more of on the surface of the nanotube, the inter-wall space (interlayer) of the nanotube and the core of the nanotube. The nanotubes may be formed by providing a titanium precursor, converting the titanium precursor into titanium-based layered materials to form titanium-based nanosheets, and transforming the titanium-based nanosheets to multi-walled titanium-based nanotubes. | 02-19-2015 |
20150031607 | WATER-SOLUBLE AIE LUMINOGENS FOR MONITORING AND RETARDATION OF FIBRILLATION OF AMYLOID PROTEINS - Compounds that exhibit aggregation induced emission (AIE), and more particularly to water-soluble conjugated polyene compounds that exhibit aggregation induced emission. The conjugated polyene compounds can be used as bioprobes for DNA detection, G-quadruplex identification, and potassium-ion sensing. The polyenes also can be utilized as an external fluorescent marker to study conformational structures, to monitor folding processes of label-free oligonucleotides with G-rich strand sequences, and to visualize DNA bands in PAGE assay. The polyenes have applications in high-throughput anticancer drug screening and are useful for the development of efficient anti-cancer drugs. Furthermore, the present subject matter can also be used to monitor fibrillation of amyloid proteins and to facilitate the storage and delivery thereof. | 01-29-2015 |
20140376655 | INTERFERENCE ALIGNMENT FOR PARTIALLY CONNECTED CELLULAR NETWORKS - Interference alignment for a multiple-input multiple-output communications network with partial connectivity is provided. A method is provided that includes determining assignments for data streams transmitted in the multiple-input multiple-output communications network. The method also includes suppressing inter-cell interference and suppressing intra-cell interference. Also provided is inter-cell/intra-cell decomposition and exploitation of partial connectivity in a multiple-input multiple-output communications network. The multiple-input multiple-output communications network can comprise three or more cells. | 12-25-2014 |
20140328764 | Biocompatible Nanoparticles with Aggregation Induced Emission Characteristics as Fluorescent Bioprobes and Methods of Using the Same for In Vitro and In Vivo Imaging - The development of fluorescent bioprobes comprising organic fluorescent compounds that exhibit aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties, methods of producing the same, and their practical applications for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. | 11-06-2014 |
20140296688 | SURFACE DEFORMATION SENSOR - A surface deformation sensor that includes a resonance circuit is described herein. The resonance circuit includes a sensing capacitor and inductive coil. The resonance circuit receives an external signal, which causes the resonance circuit to resonate at a resonance frequency. A surface deformation of an object can be determined based on the resonance frequency. | 10-02-2014 |
20140295208 | ROLL-TO-ROLL FABRICATION OF ORDERED THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURE ARRAY, RELATED TECHNIQUES, MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS - Roll-to-roll fabrication of predetermined or ordered three-dimensional nanostructure arrays is described. Provided methods can comprise imprinting a substrate with a two-dimensional (2-D) pattern by rolling a cylindrical pattern comprising a 2-D array of structures against a substrate. In addition, control or determination of nanostructure parameters via control of process parameters is provided. | 10-02-2014 |
20140255696 | Biotin-Decorated Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles With Aggregation-Induced Emission for Tumor Cell Targeting and Long-Term Tumor Cell Tracking - Fluorescent silica nanoparticles with aggregation induced emission characteristics as well as methods for attaching biotin thereto for tumor cell targeting and long-term cell tracking. Additionally, dendrimers decorated with AIR fluorogens. | 09-11-2014 |
20140247557 | PHASE-CHANGE CHAMBER WITH PATTERNED REGIONS OF HIGH AND LOW AFFINITY TO A PHASE-CHANGE MEDIUM FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE COOLING - A phase-change chamber, a method for fabricating a phase-change chamber and a heat dissipation apparatus for electronic device cooling are disclosed. The phase-change chamber includes: a phase-change medium capable of transitioning between a plurality of phases; a first surface for transitioning a portion of the phase-change medium from a first phase into a second phase; a second surface for transitioning a portion of the phase-change medium from the second phase into the first phase; and at least one supporting member along the circumference of the first surface and the second surface for separating and enclosing the first surface and the second surface. The first surface is patterned on a first plate and includes regions of high and low affinity to the phase-change medium. The second surface is received on a second plate and comprises low affinity to the phase-change medium. | 09-04-2014 |
20140212373 | Multi-Vinylsulfone Containing Molecule - A multi-vinylsulfone containing molecule is described herein. The multi-vinylsulfone containing molecule can be formed by dissolving a water soluble polymer containing a hydroxyl group in an aqueous solution to form a polymer solution; adding a molecule containing two vinylsulfone groups to the polymer solution; and forming a modified polymer by controlling a number of the vinylsulfone groups that are added to the polymer. A hydrogel is also described herein that can include the multi-vinylsulfone containing molecule and a multi-thiol containing molecule. The hydrogel can be formed from an aqueous solution that includes the multi-vinylsulfone containing molecule and the multi-thiol containing molecule by undergoing gelatation upon delivery to a site in the body. Also described is a drug delivery system that employs the hydrogel. | 07-31-2014 |
20140212359 | PHOTOSTABLE AIE LUMINOGENS FOR SPECIFIC MITOCHONDRIAL IMAGING AND ITS METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF - AIE (aggregation-induced emission)-active TPE derivatives, TPE-TPP, TPE-MitoR and TPE-IQ are contemplated. These specific TPE derivatives are useful as fluorescent agents for mitochondrial imaging and as apoptosis inducers. Possessing high specificity to mitochondria, superior photostability and appreciable tolerance to microenvironment change, TPE derivatives are well-suited imaging agents for mitochondrial targeting and morphological change tracking. Because of their synthetic flexibility, TPE derivatives can be further modified as dual-functional probes for an array of applications such as sensing of ROS, metal ions, or pH change in mitochondria. | 07-31-2014 |
20140201311 | CACHE-INDUCED OPPORTUNISTIC MIMO COOPERATION FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS - Cooperative caching systems incorporating Plug-and-Play base stations are described herein. Plug-and-Play base stations with large caching capacities are employed in a wireless network to perform cooperative transmission with macro base stations. Each Plug-and-Play base station can either have wireless backhaul or a low-cost wired backhaul connection to the macro base stations. Cooperative caching systems can direct traffic between the Plug-and-Play base stations and the macro base stations. | 07-17-2014 |
20140199690 | MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT DETERMINATION OF GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION PROFILE - The present invention provides materials and methods for rapid and sensitive determination of global methylation profile of genomic DNA. In one embodiment, the present invention provides the fluorescence polarization (FP) based measurement of DNA methylation (FPDM) assay, wherein the FPDM assay comprises restriction digestion of DNA molecules using a pair of methyl-sensitive and methyl-insensitive restriction endonuclease enzymes, polymerase chain extension of digested DNA molecules via the incorporation of fluorescently labeled dNTP(s), and analysis via fluorescence polarization techniques. | 07-17-2014 |
20140174279 | COMPOSITION USING CORRELATION BETWEEN MELODY AND LYRICS - Disclosed are ways to generate a melody. Currently, no algorithm exists for automatically composing a melody based on music lyrics. However, according to some recent studies, within a song, there usually exists a correlation between a song's notes and a song's lyrics wherein a melody can be generated based on such correlation. Disclosed herein, are systems, methods and algorithms that consider the correlation between a song's lyrics and a song's notes to compose a melody. | 06-26-2014 |
20140164641 | CONGESTION CONTROL FOR DATA CENTER TRAFFIC - Network congestion management techniques are applied in a communication network. Network characteristics and target thresholds can be determined. A transmission mode can be determined. Further, a sending rate can be determined based on the transmission mode and network characteristics. In one aspect, network characteristics at a recent time can be determined to alter sending rates in a network to manage network congestion. | 06-12-2014 |
20140116939 | METHOD FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY URINE SEPARATION, SEAWATER ADDITION, AND NITRIFICATION AND IN-SEWER DENITRIFICATION - A method for wastewater treatment which comprises (a) separating and/or collecting urine from the wastewater for pretreatment, (b) removing phosphorus from urine using seawater, (c) optionally oxidizing nitrogen from urine, and (d) discharging the phosphorus-removed and/or nitrogen-oxidized urine to a sewer. | 05-01-2014 |
20140116802 | ACOUSTIC METAMATERIAL WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY NEGATIVE EFFECTIVE MASS DENSITY AND BULK MODULUS - A device with simultaneous negative effective mass density and bulk modulus has at least one tubular section and front and back membranes sealing the tubular section. The front and back membranes sealing the tubular sections seal the tubular section sufficiently to establish a sealed or restricted enclosed fluid space defined by the tubular section and the membranes, and restrict escape or intake of fluid resulting from acoustic vibrations. A pair of platelets are mounted to the membranes, with the individual platelets substantially centered on respective ones of the front and back membranes. | 05-01-2014 |
20140111408 | LEDoS PROJECTION SYSTEM - Image projection utilizing light-emitting diodes on a silicon (LEDoS) substrate is described herein. LEDoS devices selectively activate LED pixels to produce light. Light can excite color conversion materials of the LEDoS devices to form color images. Images can be projected onto a projection surface. | 04-24-2014 |
20140110728 | SUBMOUNT WITH CAVITIES AND THROUGH VIAS FOR LED PACKAGING - A wafer having a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) submounts and a method for fabricating an LED submount are provided. Each of the plurality of LED submounts of the wafer includes: a substrate ( | 04-24-2014 |
20140110572 | IN-MICRORESONATOR LINEAR-ABSORPTION-BASED REAL-TIME PHOTOCURRENT-MONITORING AND TUNING WITH CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL FOR SILICON MICRORESONATORS - An integrated silicon optical device is capable of being monitored and tuned in real-time. The integrated silicon optical device includes: a bus waveguide, comprising an input port and an output port; an optical microresonator coupled to the bus waveguide, configured to selectively receive light at a desired resonance wavelength from the bus waveguide; a photodetector, configured to electrically read out an operation condition of the optical microresonator; a diode-tuner, configured to blueshift or redshift the resonance wavelength of the optical microresonator; a micro-heater, configured to redshift the resonance wavelength of the optical microresonator; and a control unit, comprising a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and a microprocessor, configured to implement a two-stage closed-loop tuning scheme. | 04-24-2014 |
20140110049 | Three Dimensional Interconnected Porous Graphene-Based Thermal Interface Materials - A thermal interface material provides thermal conduction or thermal dissipation across an interface, using a three-dimensional interconnected porous graphene (3D-IPG) foam structure. The 3D-IPG foam structure is constructed of three-dimensional interconnected graphene sheets formed as a plurality of monolayers, and having an flexible interconnection architecture. The flexible interconnection architectures allow the 3D-IPG to maintain a high interfacial thermal conductance by the 3D-IPG filling a gap between a heat source and a heat sink across the interface, and by capping small features up to nanoscale roughened surfaces. | 04-24-2014 |
20140082679 | LINEAR PROGRAMMING BASED DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL - Video on demand is orchestrated between systems by linear program (LP) based multimedia storage and retrieval. An LP based storage and retrieval system can partition multimedia data into an integral number of segments. Further, the LP based storage and retrieval system can store a first amount of the integral number of segments in a storage device of storage devices of a storage network in response to a determination that a storage size of the storage device satisfies a first condition with respect to the first amount of the integral number of segments. Furthermore, such system can store a segment of a second amount of the integral number of segments in a remote storage device of the remote storage devices in response to a determination that the segment satisfies a second condition with respect to a defined number of remote storage devices of the storage devices that have stored the segment. | 03-20-2014 |
20140066085 | SECONDARY USER SELECTION IN COOPERATIVE SENSING SCHEDULING - Cooperative spectral channel sensing techniques are applied in a cognitive radio network (CRN). Network characteristics and target parameter thresholds can be determined. An overall number of secondary users (SUs) assigned to sense a number of primary user (PU) channels can be determined. Further, it can be determined how many SUs to assign to sense each PU channel. In one aspect, SUs are allowed to access to PU channels based on spectrum opportunities determined by the cooperative spectral channel sensing techniques. | 03-06-2014 |
20140064269 | HIGH-PERFORMANCE ROUTERS WITH MULTI-STAGE, MULTI-LAYER SWITCHING AND SINGLE-STAGE SHARED BUFFERING - The subject specification comprises techniques employing multi-stage multi-layer switches for packet switching using fully shared buffers with a scalable switch fabric. A switch component includes a set of input modules (IMs) of switches that receive packets and are associated with a set of central modules (CMs) of switches that are associated with a set of memories. The switch component includes a second set of CMs associated with the set of memories, the second set of CMs being associated with a set of output modules (OMs) that can provide packets as output. A switch management component controls switching of the packets between the IMs and first set of CMs to the memories during a first switching phase, and switching of the packets from the memories to the second set of CMs to the OMs for output during a second switching phase, based on a defined scheduling algorithm. | 03-06-2014 |
20140060962 | ACOUSTIC AND VIBRATIONAL ENERGY ABSORPTION METAMATERIALS - An acoustic/vibrational energy absorption metamaterial includes at least one enclosed planar frame with an elastic membrane attached having one or more rigid plates are attached. The rigid plates have asymmetric shapes, with a substantially straight edge at the attachment to said elastic membrane, so that the rigid plate establishes a cell having a predetermined mass. Vibrational motions of the structure contain a number of resonant modes with tunable resonant frequencies. | 03-06-2014 |
20140045190 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) UTILIZING ELECTRO-ACTIVE HYDROLYSIS PROBE (E-TAG PROBE) - A method for real-time electrochemical monitoring of PCR amplicons using a hydrolysis probe that is labeled with electro-active indicators and a microchip for implementing the method. The method provided is simpler and has higher specificity compared with the prior art. The electrochemical signal measured during the PCR process can be used to determine the initial amount of the target DNA. This technique can be applied in detection and quantification of nucleic acids, especially for point-of-use applications such as on-site nucleic acid-based bio-analysis. | 02-13-2014 |
20140044810 | USE OF AMIDE COMPOUNDS FOR PREVENTING MARINE BIOFOULING - Use of amide compounds represented by formula (I), for preventing or reducing settlement and/or fouling of marine fouling organisms on a surface of a submerged object is provided, wherein “-A-” has a formula -(CnH2(n−m))- which is either unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C1 to C4 alkyls, and wherein the formula -(CnH2(n−m))- represents a divalent alkyl, or a divalent alkenyl having one or more double bonds, n is 1 to 15, m is 0 to 4, and 2(n−m)=2, and R is selected from piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, isobutylamino, piperazinyl or morpholinyl. Amide compounds of formula (I), a category of antifouling compounds, can be either isolated from natural resources or synthesized, which are nontoxic and environmental-friendly. | 02-13-2014 |
20140037379 | ALL-WEATHER LANDFILL SOIL COVER SYSTEM FOR PREVENTING WATER INFILTRATION AND LANDFILL GAS EMISSION - A landfill soil cover system is proposed for preventing water infiltration into a landfill and gas emission from the landfill under all weather conditions. The landfill cover system comprises three soil layers; namely, a clay layer, a gravelly sand layer and a silt layer, compacted successively from the bottom to the top of the system. The clay layer is compacted immediately above an optional gas collection layer and landfill waste at an optimum water content. Additionally, a trench for water drainage may be constructed, for example, every 20-40 m in the horizontal direction. Water infiltration and landfill gas emission can be prevented effectively by this landfill soil cover system under any humid, semi-arid and arid climates. | 02-06-2014 |
20140029664 | FRAME-LEVEL DEPENDENT BIT ALLOCATION IN HYBRID VIDEO ENCODING - Frame-level dependent bit allocation for hybrid video coding is presented to address issues relating to computational complexity of multi-pass coding of video data. An interframe dependency (IFDM) approach is presented which enables a quantitative measure of the coding dependency between the current frame and its reference frame. Based on the IFDM, buffer-constrained frame-level dependent bit allocation is determined (IFDM-DBA). Successive convex approximation techniques are utilized to convert an original optimization into a series of convex optimization problems. | 01-30-2014 |
20140018089 | BANDWIDTH AND POWER ALLOCATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH IMPERFECT SPECTRUM SENSING - Optimizing use, by a secondary terminal, of an idle wireless communication channel that is associated with a primary terminal is presented herein. A mapping component can receive: information including an indication that a communication channel assigned to a wireless device is idle; and one or more requests, from respective other wireless devices, to transmit information via the communication channel. Further, an allocation component can compute power allocations of the one or more requests, and grant a request of the one or more requests based on the power allocations. The allocation component can further be configured to iteratively compute a power allocation of the power allocations based on a bandwidth allocation of the bandwidth allocations; and iteratively compute a bandwidth allocation of the bandwidth allocations based on a power allocation of the power allocations. | 01-16-2014 |
20130323613 | GRAPHENE-BASED SELF-HUMIDIFYING MEMBRANE AND SELF-HUMIDIFYING FUEL CELL - A self-humidifying fuel cell is made by preparing a porous substrate, coating the substrate with a zeolitic material (or a graphene derivative) and filling the pores with a mixture of graphene derivative and proton-conducting material (or a proton-conducting material). The coating of the substrate includes selecting a zeolitic material, and applying coating on the pore walls and surface of the porous substrate, to form zeolitic material-coated pores. The resulting composite material is used as a self-humidifying proton-conducting membrane in a fuel cell. | 12-05-2013 |
20130314631 | PIXEL STRUCTURE OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY UTILIZING ASYMMETRICAL DIFFRACTION - A liquid crystal (LC) pixel, a method for providing an output thereof and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The LC pixel includes: a first electrode ( | 11-28-2013 |
20130306978 | PASSIVATION OF GROUP III-NITRIDE HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES - Passivation of group III-nitride heterojunction devices is described herein. The passivation facilitates simultaneous realization of effective/high current collapse suppression and low leakage current without the use of a sophisticated multiple-field plate technique. The passivation can be achieved by growing a charge-polarized AlN thin film on the surface of a group III-nitride based heterojunction device by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition such that positive polarization charges are induced at the interface to compensate for a majority of negative charges at the interface. | 11-21-2013 |
20130301126 | POLARIZATION CONVERTER BY PATTERNED POLARIZATION GRATING - A polarization converter and polarization conversion systems are provided. The polarization converter and polarization conversion systems include a patterned polarization grating with left hand and right hand polarization grating domains. The polarization grating domains are configured to diffract incident non-polarized light into beams having left and right circular polarization states. | 11-14-2013 |
20130299217 | ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVE THIN FILM WITH DOUBLE LAYER STRUCTURE PROVIDED AS A ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOMATERIAL NETWORK WITH GRAPHENE/GRAPHENE OXIDE COATING - A conductive thin film device includes a substrate and a thin film structure applied to the substrate. The thin film structure is applied as a first layer and forms a one-dimensional nanomaterial networked layer deposited on the substrate. A coating layer overlays the one-dimensional nanomaterial networked layer and can be made from graphene or graphene oxide. The coating layer at least partially covers the nanomaterial networked layer, thereby forming the device as a double-layer structure. | 11-14-2013 |
20130297731 | CONTENT DISTRIBUTION OVER A NETWORK - Distributive content delivery techniques are applied in a content delivery system. A content delivery overlay is generated as a function of delay times, bandwidth requirements, and throughput of a network. Helpers are added to the content delivery network as a function of delay times, bandwidth requirements, and throughput. Further, content can be transmitted without exchanging buffermaps or waiting for whole packets to be transmitted. | 11-07-2013 |
20130266953 | AGGREGATION INDUCED EMISSION OF FLUORESCENT BIOPROBES AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME - Provided herein are fluorescent bioprobes comprising fluorogens that exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) labeled on biomolecules. The present subject matter relates to a fluorescent bioprobe comprising one or more fluorogen labeled on chitosan. The present subject matter is also directed to methods of preparing the fluorescent bioprobes, methods of labeling and detecting DNA and/or proteins with the fluorescent bioprobe, and methods of cell imaging including live cell tracking. | 10-10-2013 |
20130256747 | POWER SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR STRUCTURE WITH CHARGE TRAPPING MATERIAL IN THE GATE DIELECTRIC - The subject disclosure presents power semiconductor devices, and methods for manufacture thereof, with improved ruggedness and. In an aspect, the power semiconductor devices are power field effect transistors (FETs) having enhanced suppression of the activation of the parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and a normal threshold value. The devices comprise a doped source ( | 10-03-2013 |
20130251028 | VIDEO ENCODING AND DECODING WITH CHANNEL PREDICTION AND ERROR CORRECTION CAPABILITY - Data encoding and/or decoding techniques are applied in a codec system. Pixel parameters and error thresholds can be determined. A prediction mode can be determined. Further, a prediction mode can predict values of an encoded and/or decoded media item. In one aspect, compositions of media items can determine prediction modes. | 09-26-2013 |
20130230532 | MYOMEGALIN VARIANT 8 AND USES THEREOF - The present invention provides a novel myomegalin isoform—myomegalin variant 8 (MMG8). The myomegalin variant 8 regulates microtubule organization at the Golgi apparatus, protein modification, secretion and trafficking, and cell proliferation. The present invention also provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the myomegalin isoforms, and vectors and host cells containing the nucleic acid molecules. Also provided are fusion constructs comprising the myomegalin isoform and antibodies that bind specifically to the myomegalin isoforms of the present invention. The present invention further provides uses of the myomegalin isoform as a diagnostic biomarker and as a target for screening for therapeutics for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and lysosomal storage diseases. | 09-05-2013 |
20130221495 | OXIDE MICROCHANNEL WITH CONTROLLABLE DIAMETER - Described herein is a microchannel that is formed beneath and parallel to a surface of a silicon substrate. Silicon migration technology is utilized to form a microchannel that is buried beneath the surface of the silicon substrate. Etching opens at least one end of the microchannel. Oxidization is utilized through the open end of the microchannel to facilitate a controlled diameter of the microchannel. | 08-29-2013 |
20130210047 | SILICA NANOPARTICLES WITH AGGREGATION INDUCED EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS AS FLUORESCENT BIOPROBE FOR INTRACELLULAR IMAGING AND PROTEIN CARRIER - Provided herein are magnetic silica fluorescent nanoparticles and fluorescent silica nanoparticles comprising an aggregation induced emission luminogen and magnetite nanoparticles and use of the same as a fluorescent bioprobe for intracellular imaging and a protein carrier. Also provided are processes for preparing and fabricating the same. | 08-15-2013 |
20130177985 | DNA Sequence Encoding a Retinoic Acid Regulated Protein - The present invention concerns a novel retinoic acid regulated gene whose expression product displays useful morphogenic/mitogenic properties. The present invention further concerns an isolated nucleic acid of SEQ ID NO:1 encoding a retinoic acid regulated expression product having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. | 07-11-2013 |
20130169909 | Fast Switchable and High Diffraction Efficiency Grating Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cell - A liquid crystal cell structure is provided. The liquid crystal cell structure includes: two polarizers; and a liquid crystal diffractive light modulating cell placed between the two polarizers. The cell includes: two transparent substrates treated by photoalignment; and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer disposed between the two transparent substrates with current conducting layers, the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer comprising ferroelectric liquid crystals. The two transparent substrates treated by photoalignment are configured to provide multiple alignment domains in the ferroelectric liquid crystals with a planar surface orientation. Adjacent domains of the multiple alignment domains are oriented at an angle with respect to each other. | 07-04-2013 |
20130148506 | BUFFERLESS NONBLOCKING NETWORKS ON CHIP - Network on Chips (NoC)s with a bufferless and nonblocking architecture are described. Core processors are communicatively coupled together on a substrate with a set of routing nodes based on nonblocking process. A network component routes data packets through the routing nodes and the core processors via communication links. A bufferless cross bar switch facilitates the communication of the data packets and/or path setup packets through the communication links among source processors and destination processors. The communication links include one or more channels, in which a channel comprises a data sub-channel, an acknowledgement sub-channel and a release sub-channel. | 06-13-2013 |
20130137762 | COMPOSITION FOR TREATING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE OR NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CONDITION - This invention relates to extracts and refined fractions of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, | 05-30-2013 |
20130133979 | ACOUSTIC ENERGY ABSORPTION METAMATERIALS - An acoustic energy absorption metamaterial includes at least one enclosed planar frame with an elastic membrane attached having one or more rigid plates are attached. The rigid plates have asymmetric shapes, with a substantially straight edge at the attachment to said elastic membrane, so that the rigid plate establishes a cell having a predetermined mass. Vibrational motions of the structure contain a number of resonant modes with tunable resonant frequencies. | 05-30-2013 |
20130092958 | NORMALLY-OFF III-NITRIDE METAL-2DEG TUNNEL JUNCTION FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS - Structures, devices and methods are provided for creating heterojunction AlGaN/GaN metal two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) tunnel-junction field-effect transistors (TJ-FET). In one aspect, metal-2DEG Schottky tunnel junctions can be employed in group III-Nitride field-effect devices that enable normally-off operation, large breakdown voltage, low leakage current, and high on/off current ratio. As a further advantage, AlGaN/GaN metal-2DEG TJ-FETs are disclosed that can be fabricated in a lateral configuration and/or a vertical configuration. Further non-limiting embodiments are provided that illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the disclosed structures. | 04-18-2013 |
20130089889 | Aggregation Induced Emission Active Cytophilic Fluorescent Bioprobes for Long-Term Cell Tracking - Fluorescent bioprobes comprising fluorogen formed nanoparticles comprising fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission (ATE) properties, which can be used for long-term cell tracking. The fluorogens are nonemissive in organic solution but become highly emissive when aggregated in aqueous solution. The fluorescent molecules can readily pass through cell membranes, stain only the cell cytoplasm, and form highly emissive nanoaggregates in aqueous media without any obvious cytoxicity in the living cells. Furthermore, the molecules can be retained inside the cells without noticeable leakage to the outside. Therefore, these ATE-based compounds can be used as selective and cell-compatible fluroescent bioprobes for long-term live cell tracking and imaging. | 04-11-2013 |
20130083793 | SCALABLE 3-STAGE CROSSBAR SWITCH - Systems and methods are presented relating to a three stage crossbar based switching system and a scheduling method for transmission of data packets and associated request and grant tokens. The first stage and third stage portions of the switching system contain TDM crossbars, which are interconnected by a middle stage set of crossbars. In an embodiment, the system switching module is a m×m crossbar switch comprising m inputs and m outputs. The switch has a size m | 04-04-2013 |
20130082798 | MAGNETIZATION SWITCHING THROUGH MAGNONIC SPIN TRANSFER TORQUE - The subject application describes systems and methods that drive magnetization switching through magnonic spin transfer torque. A spin current is provided to a first magnetic layer with a first magnetic state. The spin current facilitates magnetization switching via a magnonic spin transfer torque in a second magnetic layer with a second magnetic state that is separated from the first magnetic layer by an interface. Alternatively, a spin current is provided to a first magnetic domain with a first magnetic state. The spin current facilitates domain wall propagation via a magnonic spin transfer torque. The domain wall is between the first magnetic domain and a second magnetic domain in a second magnetic state. | 04-04-2013 |
20130068292 | ALUMINUM NANOSTRUCTURE ARRAY - Described herein is a method for obtaining a three-dimensional nanostructure array on an aluminum substrate. The method includes anodizing the aluminum substrate; forming an oxide layer on the aluminum substrate; texturizing the aluminum substrate; etching the oxide layer from the aluminum substrate to expose the texturized aluminum substrate; and forming a three-dimensional aluminum nanostructure array on the aluminum substrate. The three-dimensional nanostructure array, coated with a light absorber, is utilized in a thin film solar cell or photovoltaic cell. | 03-21-2013 |
20130059392 | AGGREGATION-INDUCED EMISSION LUMINOGENS FOR METAL ION DETECTION - Pyridine-containing polyenes and their applications as metal ion sensors. These polyenes are practically nonluminescent in the solution state but become highly emissive as nanoparticle suspensions in aqueous solutions or thin films in the solid state, due to aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The nanoaggregates of these compounds can work as “turn-off” fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions and display different fluorescence responses to various metal ions. For example, a characteristic red shift in the emission spectra is observed with a terpyridine-containing luminogen in the presence of Zn | 03-07-2013 |
20130048846 | TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETO-OPTICAL TRAP FOR NEUTRAL ATOMS - A two-dimensional (2D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) for alkali neutral atoms establishes a zero magnetic field along the longitudinal symmetry axis. Two of three pairs of trapping laser beams do not follow the symmetry axes of the quadruple magnetic field and are aligned with a large non-zero degree angles to the longitudinal axis. In a dark-line 2D MOT configuration, there are two orthogonal repumping beams. In each repumping beam, an opaque line is imaged to the longitudinal axis, and the overlap of these two line images creates a dark line volume in the longitudinal axis where there is no repumping light. The zero magnetic field along the longitudinal axis allows the cold atoms maintain a long ground-state coherence time without switching off the MOT magnetic field, which makes it possible to operate the MOT at a high repetition rate and a high duty cycle. | 02-28-2013 |
20130037798 | Metal-Oxide Based Thin-Film Transistors with Fluorinated Active Layer - A thin-film transistor with a fluorinated channel and fluorinated source and drain regions and methods of fabrication are provided. The thin-film transistor includes: a substrate; a semiconductor active layer of fluorine-doped metal-oxide formed on the substrate; fluorine-doped source and drain regions disposed adjacent to the semiconductor active layer; a gate electrode disposed over the semiconductor active layer, configured to induce a continuous conduction channel between the source and drain regions; and a gate dielectric material separating the gate electrode and the channel. | 02-14-2013 |
20130037149 | LIQUID-ELECTRONIC HYBRID DIVIDER - Electronic-fluidic hybrid form dividers, constructed by a simple planer droplet generation structure, a pair of signal electrodes, and a responsive control valve, which is programmed to respond to only certain signal droplets, by a basic electronic principle: change of voltage share between impedances. Detected fluidic information is addressed in both electronic and fluidic forms, and the fluidic pathway is well-confined in a simple planar structure, although its control valve is in a second layer, thereby minimizing any fluidic disturbance. Various configurations comprise a plurality of identical structures, which can alter their cumulative function by re-assignment of required voltage share. The hybrid divider can be assembled into a fluidic universal logic gate, of a simple two inlet and one outlet signal channels structure, and switch between sixteen functions by re-assigning voltage share. | 02-14-2013 |
20130011069 | ARCHITECTURAL PATTERN DETECTION AND MODELING IN IMAGES - Systems and methods are provided to facilitate architectural modeling. In one aspect, repetitive patterns are automatically detected and analyzed to generate modeled structural images such as building facades. In another aspect, structural symmetry is analyzed to facilitate architectural modeling and enhanced image generation. | 01-10-2013 |
20130010725 | TRANSMITTING AND/OR RECEIVING DATA IN A SIDE CHANNEL - Systems, methods, and apparatus are described that employ specially designed interference patterns to build an in-band side channel without degrading the effective throughput of the main channel. A first device ( | 01-10-2013 |
20130008794 | FLUIDIC LOGIC GATES AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING FLOW OF ER FLUID IN A CHANNEL - An apparatus for controlling flow of ER fluid. The apparatus has a first channel | 01-10-2013 |
20120307363 | Photo-induced dichroic polarizers and fabrication methods thereof - A method of forming a polarizing material is provided including exposing a layer of dichroic material to activating light illumination to provide an ordered structure with a distinguished absorption axis and thus photo-induce polarization, and fixing the induced polarization by polymerization of the dichroic layer. Novel polarizing materials formed thereby are also provided. By selectively exposing regions of the dichroic material to differing activating radiation, different regions with different polarization axes can be created. The polarizing material can also be provided with a coating or coatings to alter the spectral responses, and a stack formed of a plurality if dichroic layers can be provided. | 12-06-2012 |
20120306042 | MgS Solar-Blind UV Radiation Detector - A UV detector is designed to provide a photoresponse with a cutoff wavelength below a predetermined wavelength. The detector uses a sensor element having an active layer comprising a MgS component grown directly on a substrate. A thin layer metal layer is deposited over the active layer and forms a transparent Schottky metal layer. | 12-06-2012 |
20120299474 | LIGHT EMITTING TETRAPHENYLENE DERIVATIVES, ITS METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE USING THE SAME DERIVATIVES - Provided are a light emitting material comprising one or more tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives of formula (1a) with high thermal stability and high solid quantum yield efficiency, and an electroluminescent or light emitting device such as OLED comprising the same TPE derivatives and a method of preparing the same. | 11-29-2012 |
20120286576 | Single-inductor-multiple-output regulator with synchronized current mode hysteretic control - A single-inductor-multiple-output (SIMO) DC-DC switching regulator with a current-mode hysteretic control technique having an ultra-fast transient response to suppress cross-regulation is provided. The DC-DC switching regulator includes: at least one power source for providing electrical energy; an inductive energy storage element for accumulating and transferring the electrical energy from the input power source to a plurality of outputs; a main switch for controlling energy accumulation at the inductive energy storage element; a plurality of output switches for controlling energy transfer to each of the plurality of outputs; a freewheel switch coupled in parallel with the inductive energy storage element; and a controller, configured to coordinate the plurality of output switches and the main switch. | 11-15-2012 |
20120282703 | SPECIFIC DETECTION OF D-GLUCOSE BY A TETRAPHENYLETHENE-BASE FLUORESCENT SENSOR - A method of detecting the presence or absence of saccharide or saccharide level in a biological or artificial sample comprising contacting the sample with a water-soluble tetraphenylethene-cored probe having multiple functionalities of boronic acid and aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics, and detecting fluorescence. A method for detecting pH in a sample solution with a certain pH value comprising contacting the sample solution with a water-soluble tetraphenylethene-cored probe having multiple functionalities of boronic acid and aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics, and detecting fluorescence. | 11-08-2012 |
20120281780 | PARTIAL INTERFERENCE ALIGNMENT FOR K-USER MIMO INTERFERENCE CHANNELS - Systems, methods, and apparatus are described that employ a partial interference alignment scheme in conjunction with an interference detection scheme to mitigate interference in quasi-static multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels. In an aspect, sets of transmitter and receiver pairs are determined based on feasibility of alignment of the transmitters at the receivers of the sets in accordance with an interference alignment scheme and path loss associated with signal transmissions between the transmitter and receiver pairs, wherein the sets include different alignment assignments of the respective transmitters at the respective receivers of the sets. The alignment assignments can include different numbers of the transmitters aligned at the receivers of the sets. A set is then selected from the sets that contributes to an interference profile at the receivers that facilitates interference detection at the receivers. Interference detection at a receiver is further simplified using semi-definite relaxation techniques. | 11-08-2012 |
20120281778 | DYNAMIC INTERFERENCE ALIGNMENT FOR PARTIALLY CONNECTED QUASI-STATIC MIMO INTERFERENCE CHANNEL - Systems, methods, and apparatus are described that employ specially designed interference patterns to build an in-band side channel without degrading the effective throughput of the main channel. Transmitter and receiver pairs implement a two-stage dynamic interference mitigation scheme based on the partial connections in limited dimension MIMO interference channels. The first stage determines the stream assignments and the subspace constraints for beamforming vectors and zero-forcing vectors based on the partially connected topology such as the path loss, shadowing and spatial correlation. The second stage determines the beamforming vectors and the zero-forcing vectors based on the instantaneous channel state information over the subspaces obtained from the first stage. In an aspect, a controller device implements the first and second stage and assigns the transmitter and receiver pairs to perform interference alignment using the stream assignments and beamforming and zero-forcing vectors respectively. | 11-08-2012 |
20120281643 | FAIR AND EFFICIENT CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND SPECTRUM SENSING FOR COGNITIVE OFDMA NETWORKS - Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for a fair and efficient channel allocation and spectrum sensing for cognitive transmission in wireless networks are presented herein. A base station can send a cognitive user device a request to sense an idle channel associated with a primary network, and in response to receiving a willingness indicator or an attribute from the cognitive user device and/or a number of idle channels associated with the primary network sensed by the cognitive user device, the base station can assign the cognitive user device to transmit data on the idle channel associated with the primary network. | 11-08-2012 |
20120281641 | ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (OFDMA) SUBBAND AND POWER ALLOCATION - Distributed queue-aware power and subband allocation for delay-optimal OFDMA uplink systems with one base station, K users, and N | 11-08-2012 |
20120270821 | CDK5 Inhibitors and Therapeutic Uses Thereof - Natural occurring inhibitors of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5), isolated from the root of | 10-25-2012 |
20120264600 | ACTIVATED CARBON/SILICA-GEL/CACL2 COMPOSITE ADSORBENT MATERIAL FOR AIR-CONDITIONING APPLICATIONS AND A METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME - Provided is a composite adsorbent material and a method for preparing the same. The composite adsorbent material comprises a porous host material of activated carbon impregnated with silica-gel and calcium chloride, and is useful for adsorbing high levels of water vapor. The composite adsorbent material is used in low temperature heat driven adsorption cooling and dehumidification systems. | 10-18-2012 |
20120251903 | SELF-HUMIDIFYING MEMBRANE AND SELF-HUMIDIFYING FUEL CELL - A self-humidifying fuel cell is made by preparing a porous substrate, coating the substrate with a zeolitic material and filling the pores with a proton-conducting material. The coating of the substrate includes selecting a zeolitic material, and applying coating on the pore walls and surface of the porous substrate, to form zeolitic material-coated pores. The resulting composite material is used as a self-humidifying proton-conducting membrane in a fuel cell. | 10-04-2012 |
20120249282 | LARGE INDUCTANCE INTEGRATED MAGNETIC INDUCTION DEVICES AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME - Methods and apparatus described herein are associated with integrated magnetic induction devices. A magnetic induction device can include a groove formed in a substrate, a magnetic core included in the groove and surrounded by a conductive winding that is adjacent to portion(s) of the substrate, and respective insulation layers included between the substrate and the conductive winding and between the magnetic core and the conductive winding. An inductor can further include conductive vias formed in the substrate and connected to respective portions of the conductive winding. Further, a transformer can include a groove formed in a substrate, a closed-loop/gapped magnetic core included in the groove and surrounded by first and second conductive windings that are adjacent to respective portions of the substrate, and respective insulation layers formed between the substrate and the first and second conductive windings, and between the closed-loop/gapped magnetic core and the first and second conductive windings. | 10-04-2012 |
20120247275 | METHOD OF PRODUCING SILVER NANOWIRES IN LARGE QUANTITIES - Monodispersed silver nanowires are formed by a process utilizing a polyol. A capping agent is mixed in the polyol to form a substantially homogeneous solution. The solution is heated to a level below a boiling point of the polyol. The solution is diluted with a diluant which may consist of water and/or alcohol, and the solution is centrifuged to produce the silver nanowires. | 10-04-2012 |
20120242918 | Cholesteric liquid crystal structure - A liquid crystal optical device that includes a first substrate layer that is substantially flat and a second substrate layer that is substantially flat and parallel to the first substrate layer. The liquid crystal optical device further includes a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal disposed between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer, where the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal is arranged in domains, each domain having a helical axis, wherein the helical axes of the domains have a plurality of orientations relative to an orientation of the first and second substrate layers, and where a wavefront of a light wave having a wavelength within a range of wavelengths changes after reflecting from the layer of cholesteric liquid crystal. | 09-27-2012 |
20120237964 | LUMINOGEN COMPOUNDS AND THE USE OF THE SAME FOR BIOSENSING AND CELLULAR IMAGING - Provided herein are a luminogen compound of formula (I) including a AIE luminophore moiety conjugated with a maleimide moiety and a use of the same for detecting thiol groups in biomolecules. Also provided is a dye molecule, a biosensor or a bioprobe comprising the luminogen compound of formula (I) in use for detecting thiol groups in biomolecules. The detection method of the present subject matter not only has high thio-selectivity and sensitivity, but also is rapid, convenient and handy. | 09-20-2012 |
20120234465 | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THERMALLY-INDUCED SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN SMART GLASS TECHNOLOGIES - The present subject matter relates generally to the use of thermally induced self-assembly of surfactants, such as poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) or 4-octylphenol polyethoxylate, to vary the transparency or opacity of a composition containing the same. The compositions of the present subject matter can be used in smart window technologies. | 09-20-2012 |
20120224127 | Method of producing spatially variable pretilt angles across a liquid crystal cell - A method of producing spatially varying pretilt angles across a liquid crystal cell coats a substrate with a polyimide alignment layer and a layer of photoalignment material on top of the polyimide layer. An applied beam with variable light dosage spatial or temporal profiles is then used to achieve a corresponding pretilt angle distribution. | 09-06-2012 |
20120220039 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING RESIDUAL POISON IN HUMAN BODY - A method and system for detecting residual poison in human body are provided. Using the disclosed HPLC-Chip-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and/or HPLC-MS/MS method to detect the residual poison, the method of the present invention mainly includes sample preparation, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The method of the present invention has advantages of low sample size, high specificity, low detection limit, high sensitivity, low cost, high accuracy and stability, etc. | 08-30-2012 |
20120218926 | Delay-constrained and energy-efficient online routing for asynchronous sensor networks - The described method and system provide an efficient routing of data packets protocol in an event-driven and delay-constrained WSN (wireless sensor network) that optimizes the sleep/wake schedule of nodes to maximize the lifetime of the WSM, subject to a constraint on the source-to-sink delay. Online forwarding techniques may be used to transfer data reports from monitoring nodes to the sink. A delay-constrained and energy-efficient routing protocol (DCEER) for asynchronous WSNs may be used to maximize the lifetime of the WSN while remaining within the maximum allowable delay requirements. With DCEER, each node may maintain the historical cost of forwarding a packet from itself to the sink as its virtual coordinate, and packets are forwarded in the direction of descending coordinates. The cost-based coordinates may change dynamically with a time-varying channel or topology. Nodes may apply a relay-selection scheme to choose a next-hop relay from a set of multiple potential relay candidates, based on a tradeoff between forwarding energy consumption (FEC) and waiting costs. The optimal stopping time for the relay-selection process may be determined based on expected forwarding and waiting costs, and the nodes may operate according to an optimal sleep/wake schedule based on waiting costs and expected traffic flow. | 08-30-2012 |
20120213061 | COGNITIVE RELAY TECHNIQUES - The subject specification comprises a cognitive relay communications management (CRCM) component associated with a primary communication system, wherein the CRCM component controls relaying at least a portion of transmitted communications from a secondary source device (SSD) transmitting data to a secondary destination device (SDD) associated with a secondary communication system, in accordance with a specified relay protocol, such as a buffered decode-and-forward protocol. The CRCM component identifies when the secondary relay station (SRS) is not transmitting on the relay-destination (R-D) link and the source-relay link is not blocked, and, in such instance, allows transmission of a packet from the SSD to the SRS. The SRS forwards the packet to the SDD when the CRCM component identifies when the R-D link is not blocked. The SRS and/or SSD remove the packet from their respective queues when an acknowledgement message(s) is received from the SDD and/or SRS, respectively. | 08-23-2012 |
20120207344 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HIDING DATA FOR HALFTONE IMAGES - We propose methods for generating a halftone image, in which each pixel takes one of two tone values. The generated image contains hidden data, which is present at data storage pixels chosen using a pseudo-random number generator. In a first case, the data is hidden within an existing halftone image by reversing the tone value at certain of the data storage pixels, and at pixels neighbouring the data storage pixels. In a second case, the halftone image is generated from a grey-scale image, and data is hidden during this conversion process. | 08-16-2012 |
20120195212 | COOPERATIVE SENSING SCHEDULING FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS - Cooperative sensing scheduling and parameter designs are described, which can achieve improvements in energy efficiency in cognitive radio networks, for example. In addition, the disclosed subject matter describes an objective or reward function or policy related to energy efficiency and considerations such as channel assignments sensing time that can maximize the objective function. The disclosed details enable various refinements and modifications according to system design and tradeoff considerations. | 08-02-2012 |
20120172296 | WATER-SOLUBLE AIE LUMINOGEN FOR MONITORING AND RETARDATION OF AMYLOID FIBRILLATION OF INSULIN - The presently described subject matter is directed to a water-soluble conjugated polyene compound and the derivatives thereof that exhibit aggregation induced emission, as well as any water dispersible, fluorescent, polymeric microparticles, nanoparticles, and/or pharmaceutical composition comprising the water-soluble conjugated polyene compound and/or the derivatives thereof. Also provided are methods of making and using the compound, derivatives and particles of the presently described subject matter. The presently described water-soluble conjugated polyene compound are useful as bioprobes for the detection of biomacromolecules, in the manufacture of sensors, in monitoring and retarding formation of amyloid protein fibril in vitro and in vivo, and in developing anti-cancer drugs. | 07-05-2012 |
20120172049 | BANDWIDTH AND POWER ALLOCATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH IMPERFECT SPECTRUM SENSING - Systems, methods, and apparatus for optimizing a use, by a secondary terminal, of an idle wireless communication channel that is associated with a primary terminal are presented herein. A mapping component can receive: information including an indication that a communication channel assigned to a wireless device is idle; and one or more requests, from respective other wireless devices, to transmit information via the communication channel. Further, an allocation component can compute power allocations of the one or more requests; and grant a request of the one or more requests based on the power allocations. The allocation component can further be configured to iteratively compute a power allocation of the power allocations based on a bandwidth allocation of the bandwidth allocations; and iteratively compute a bandwidth allocation of the bandwidth allocations based on a power allocation of the power allocations. | 07-05-2012 |
20120158333 | Pore Structure Analyzer Based on Non-Contact Impedance Measurement for Cement-Based Materials - Measurement of the impedance and complex resistivity of a sample is used for measuring parameters resulting from a change in physical or chemical state. A variable frequency signal is provided by a transformer primary coil. A secondary coil of the transformer with a closed loop and electrically coupled said sample is monitored along with a leakage current sensor. Sampling at multiple signal frequencies is performed at the multiple signal frequencies. | 06-21-2012 |
20120154313 | MULTI-TOUCH FINGER REGISTRATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS - Described herein are finger registration systems and methods for use with a multi-touch device that can facilitate in place execution of commands or operations, thereby reducing focus switching and minimizing hand movement. The finger registration methods are simple and robust, using only contact points on the touch-based device, without requiring additional hardware. Direct mapping of operations to gestures involving individual fingers or combination of fingers (e.g., finger chords), provides a new and rich set of direct manipulation without focus switching for selecting commands/operations. | 06-21-2012 |
20120148958 | SULFUR-CONTAINING MACROMOLECULES AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION - A sulfur-containing macromolecule and a method of preparing the sulfur-containing macromolecule comprising a polymerization step are provided, where the sulfur-containing macromolecule contains internal units of formula (I) and the polymerization step is formula (II) wherein n is greater than 1, said precursor comprises alkyne having one or more acetylene groups and thiol having one or more thiol groups; and R is remainder of said thiol excluding said thiol groups, R′ is remainder of said alkyne excluding said acetylene groups, and R and R′ are selected from organic or organometallic groups. | 06-14-2012 |
20120148162 | JOINT SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF IMAGES AND SCAN DATA - Systems, methods, and apparatus are described that that increase computer vision analysis in the field of semantic segmentation. With images accompanied by scan data, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional image information is employed for joint segmentation. Through the established correspondence between image data and scan data, two-dimensional and three-dimensional information respectively associated therewith is integrated. Using trained random forest classifiers, the probability of each pixel in images belonging to different object classes is predicted. With the predicted probability, optimization of the labeling of images and scan data is performed by integrating multiples cues in the markov random field. | 06-14-2012 |
20120140796 | SOFT FORWARDING FOR COOPERATIVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION - Providing for soft error decoding for wireless relay networks is described herein. By way of example, a wireless node in a wireless relay network can receive a direct signal from a source node, and can receive a forwarded version of the source signal from a relay node. An information flag included with the forwarded version is referenced to determine whether the relay node property received the source signal. If the relay node received the source signal with error, and a destination node received the source signal with error, soft decision information can be generated from the forwarded version of the source signal and employed to assist with decoding of the source signal at the destination node. The soft-decision information improves end-to-end performance of the wireless relay system, while mitigating complexity and bandwidth requirements for the relay node as compared with conventional signal decoding techniques. | 06-07-2012 |
20120108276 | COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS - Providing for cooperative sensing in wireless communications that improves user terminal throughput and minimizes interference is described herein. According to some aspects, a network entity, such as a base station, can assign a set of SUTs to measure a subset of wireless channels in a target frequency according to a cooperative sensing arrangement. In particular aspects, this assignment can be implemented so as to increase or maximize potential traffic throughput of those SUTs within the target frequency, in a given wireless time slot. In this manner, cooperative sensing can be structured so as to provide more efficient traffic communications within the target frequency. | 05-03-2012 |
20120106464 | SPECTRUM SHARING WITH IMPLICIT POWER CONTROL IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS - Providing for a cross-layer spectrum sharing model incorporating implicit power control for cognitive radio wireless communication is described herein. By way of example, a binary integer linear programming problem is formulated to establish active wireless links among secondary user nodes in a cognitive radio, ad-hoc network. The formulation reuses wireless channels among multiple activated links within disclosed interference constraints, and assigns a power level for transmissions on respective links. Additionally, the formulation employs bi-directional wireless links for the ad-hoc network, improving communication within the ad-hoc network. Further, power level assignments can be predefined and implicitly embedded in the formulation to reduce complexity. | 05-03-2012 |
20120092668 | Patterned polarization converter - The present invention provides a patterned polarization converter having multiple domains that can be used to convert input linear polarized light to output light with spatially varying polarization states, including domains that produce linearly polarized light and domains that produce circular polarized light based on the patterning of the domains. A patterned polarization converter having multiple domains may be used in a polarization sensor application capable of detecting the polarization state of input light. The present invention further provides patterned radial and azimuthal polarization converters, which have utility in applications such as optical tweezers. Additionally, patterned polarization converters may be used to fabricate more patterned polarization converters having the same pattern using one-step photoalignment to copy the pattern of an existing patterned polarization converter to an unpatterned photoalignment layer. | 04-19-2012 |
20120071102 | MULTIPLE-INPUT, MULTIPLE-OUTPUT COGNITIVE RADIO - A wireless communication system and constituent wireless communication devices are provided to implement a distributed, cognitive radio approach to spectrum sharing. Under the distributed approach, individual wireless communication devices self-enforce negotiated agreements on usage of an available spectrum without intervention from a centralized authority. Particularly, individual wireless communication devices are configured to enhance information rates of their respective transmissions under predetermined constraints. The predetermined constraints can include transmit power constraints (e.g., a maximum power available to the wireless communication devices), or interference constraints (e.g., constraints on the amount, direction, and/or quality of interference generated by transmissions). | 03-22-2012 |
20120068301 | MONOLITHIC MAGNETIC INDUCTION DEVICE - Providing for a monolithic magnetic induction device having low DC resistance and small surface area is described herein. By way of example, the magnetic induction device can comprise a substrate (e.g., a semiconductor substrate) having trenches formed in a bottom layer of the substrate, and holes formed in the substrate between the trenches and an upper layer of the substrate. Additionally, the magnetic induction device can comprise a conductive coil embedded or deposited within the trenches. The magnetic induction device can further comprise a set of conductive vias formed in the holes that electrically connect the bottom layer of the substrate with the upper layer. Further, one or more integrated circuit components, such as active devices, can be formed in the upper layer, at least in part above the conductive coil. The vias can be utilized to connect to integrated circuit components with the conductive coil, where suitable. | 03-22-2012 |
20120062399 | Determination of Long Binary Sequences Having Low Autocorrelation Functions - Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for determining long binary sequences having low autocorrelation functions using evolutionary processes are disclosed. Biphase sequences are found with low peak sidelobe values meeting a predetermined criterion, e.g., threshold low auto-correlation function, including application of semidefinite programming in connection with determining an initial population, and evolving the population with an evolutionary algorithm to bits of the biphase sequences including bit flipping. The found biphase sequences can be communicated to a variety of applications, including wireless communications technologies. | 03-15-2012 |
20120060588 | HUMIDITY AND OSMOTIC SUCTION-CONTROLLED BOX - Described herein are systems, apparatuses and methods for the design and use of a suction-controlled box for the measurement of stress-dependent soil and water characteristics, shear strength, volume changes and consolidation characteristics from a single unsaturated soil specimen. The suction-controlled box can include a suction control part and a mechanical loading part, which can apply various suctions and mechanical loadings to test a specimen for a full range of suctions. The suction-controlled box can also include a helical water compartment that can flush diffused air bubbles. | 03-15-2012 |
20120058547 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION USING ELECTROCONDUCTIVE OR ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE LABELS - A method for electrochemically or electrically detecting nucleic acids, utilizes electrochemically active or electrically conductive reporter materials. An electric voltage is applied and electric signals are measured to the electrodes that are suitable for detecting or quantifying the nucleic acid(s) in a sample. This technique is suitable for point-of-use applications, e.g. detecting bioanalytes in remote locations. A microchip, device, kit used adapted to be used for this method is also disclosed. | 03-08-2012 |
20120058472 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION USING ELECTROCONDUCTIVE OR ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE LABELS - A method for electrochemically or electrically detecting nucleic acids, utilizes electrochemically active or electrically conductive reporter materials. An electric voltage is applied and electric signals are measured to the electrodes that are suitable for detecting or quantifying the nucleic acid(s) in a sample. This technique is suitable for point-of-use applications, e.g. detecting bioanalytes in remote locations. A microchip, device, kit used adapted to be used for this method is also disclosed. | 03-08-2012 |
20120057513 | SLEEP MODE SELECTION EMPLOYING A SEMI-MARKOV DECISION PROCESS - The disclosed subject matter relates to energy efficiency in mobile devices associated with a wireless communications environment. Power Saving Classes (PSCs) aim to reduce the power consumption of mobile devices based on the different types of traffic. Optimizing sleep mode selection schemes so as to maximize the energy efficiency while providing a QoS guarantee can be accomplished with optimization of a theoretical framework based on the semi-Markov Decision Process along with a performance evaluation on the sleep mode operation. A novel Policy Optimization algorithm is capable of finding optimized policies for a selection of different PSCs. | 03-08-2012 |
20120041722 | GENERATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS FROM IMAGES - The subject disclosure relates to generating models from images. In an aspect, multi-view semantic segmentation is provided to recognize and segment images at the pixel level into semantically meaningful areas, and which can provide labels with a specific object class. In further aspects, a partition scheme is provided that can separate objects into independent blocks using major line structures of a scene. In addition, an inverse patch-based orthographic composition and structure analysis on a block is provided that can regularize noisy and missing reconstructed 3D data to facilitate image-based modeling. | 02-16-2012 |
20120020530 | MOTION ESTIMATION AND COMPENSATION OF FEATURE-MOTION DECORRELATION - The subject disclosure relates to motion estimation and compensation of feature-motion decorrelation. In an aspect, coupled filtering can be employed to solve feature-motion decorrelation problems. In further aspects, a linear convolution model can be employed to model image variation caused by motion, and an image before motion and a warped image after motion can be filtered with a pair of filters having motion parameters shared with a tissue motion model. Compensation of feature-motion decorrelation in ultrasound images demonstrates various aspects of the subject disclosure. | 01-26-2012 |
20120002567 | CROSS-LAYER OPTIMIZATION FOR NEXT-GENERATION WIFI SYSTEMS - Systems, methods, and apparatus are described that that increase throughput of a WiFi network. A first method is provided wherein access points monitor and keep track of their states on each resource block (frequency channel and antenna pattern) associated therewith and dynamically select the resource blocks that increase network throughput based on the instantaneous states of the access points. A second method is provided comprising employing Q-learning to determine one or more modifications of operating parameters of a network node based on observed throughput of the network and implementing the one or more modifications at the node. A third method is also provided which combines the first and second methods so as to increase network throughput at both the physical layer and the MAC layer. | 01-05-2012 |
20110307656 | EFFICIENT LOOKUP METHODS FOR TERNARY CONTENT ADDRESSABLE MEMORY AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES AND SYSTEMS - Lookup techniques are described, which can achieve improvements in energy efficiency, speed, and cost, of IP address lookup, for example, in devices and systems employing ternary content addressable memory (TCAM). The disclosed subject matter describes dividing a route table into several sub-tries with disjoint range boundaries. In addition, the disclosed subject matter describes storing sub-tries of a route table between a TCAM and a faster and less costly memory. The disclosed details enable various refinements and modifications according to system design and tradeoff considerations. | 12-15-2011 |
20110305189 | EXPLOITING BUFFERS IN COGNITIVE MULTI-RELAY SYSTEMS FOR DELAY-SENSITIVE APPLICATIONS - Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for exploiting buffers in cognitive multi-relay systems for communicating delay sensitive application are presented herein. A secondary receiver device can select a first proximate relay station based on an assessment of communication links that extend from the first proximate relay station to the secondary receiver, and a secondary transmitter device that selects a second proximate relay station based on an evaluation of communication links that extend from the secondary transmitter and the second proximate relay station, wherein the first proximate relay station is employed by the secondary receiver device to communicate with the secondary transmitter device and the second proximate relay station is utilized by the secondary transmitter to communicate with the secondary receiver. | 12-15-2011 |
20110298549 | Method and apparatus for tuning frequency of LC-oscillators based on phase-tuning technique - A tunable multiphase ring oscillator includes a plurality of stages connected in series in a ring structure, where each stage generating a stage output from a stage input. Each stage of the tunable multiphase ring oscillator includes a plurality of trans-conductance cells, each generating an output from at least one portion of the stage input. Each stage further includes at least one phase shifting module for imparting at least one phase shift to the at least one portion of the stage input, an oscillator unit for generating the stage output from a combination of the plurality of outputs, and means for varying at least one of the plurality outputs so as to adjust a phase of the stage output. | 12-08-2011 |
20110293012 | MOTION ESTIMATION OF IMAGES - Provided is sub-block motion estimation that includes a full search with a reduced search area around a motion vector predictor. Also provided are a single (or unified) motion vector predictor and a function similar to a rate-distortion cost function. Also provided is a scanning order that can reduce or substantially eliminated redundant data loading and/or that can achieve different data re-use ratio. Further, provided herein is a reconfigurable multi-resolution motion vector re-use hardware architecture based on a single motion vector predictor and a function similar to a rate-distortion cost function. Further, through utilization of the disclosed aspects, only a small number of past motion vectors are propagated and the disclosed aspects can be reconfigured for video with different spatial resolution. | 12-01-2011 |
20110291807 | Low voltage low power CMOS temperature sensor circuit - The present invention provides an ultra-low power embedded CMOS temperature sensor based on serially connected subthreshold MOS operation particularly well suited for passive RFID food monitoring applications. Employing serially connected subthreshold MOS as sensing element enables reduced minimum supply voltage for further power reduction, which is very important in passive RFID applications. The temperature sensor may be part of a passive RFID tag and incorporates a temperature sensor core, proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) and complimentary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) delay generators, and a time-to-digital differential readout circuit. In one embodiment, the sensor is embedded inside a passive UHF RFID tag fabricated with a conventional 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process. With the sensor core working under 0.5 V and digital interfacing under 1 V, the sensor dissipates a measured total power of 119 nW at 33 samples/s and achieves an inaccuracy of +1/−0.8° C. from −10° C. to 30° C. after calibration. | 12-01-2011 |
20110291019 | Quantum-limited highly linear CMOS detector for computer tomography - The invention provides a CMOS CT detector design with high linearity, quantum-limited noise, good scalability, high fill factor with a single CMOS chip utilizing synchronous partial quantization. The CMOS CT detector includes a pixel array, digital column buses, analog column buses, column processing circuits, a shift register, a control signal generation circuit, and a reference generation circuit, and implements a synchronous partial quantization scheme with reset, integration and analog readout phases. Each pixel of the pixel array further includes a photodiode; an integration capacitor; an OPAMP; a reset switch; a comparator; a 1-bit dynamic random-access-memory (DRAM) cell; a circuit block for enabling subtraction of a substantially fixed amount of charge from the integrated photocharge if the integrated photovoltage increases beyond the reference voltage; an integration node; an analog buffer; and a switch coupled between the output of the DRAM cell and the digital column bus. The inclusion of a level-shifter and a current front-end improves the linearity of the detector. | 12-01-2011 |
20110285928 | Liquid crystal display cell with fast response and continuous gray scale - The invention relates to liquid crystal display cells with fast response and continuous gray scale. The liquid crystal cell is based on a field-sequential color system (“FSC”) and comprises a chiral smectic liquid crystal whose helix pitch is less than thickness of liquid crystal layer placed between two polarizers, as well as a source of voltage applied to electrodes of the cell, wherein the amplitude of the applied voltage is less than the critical voltage amplitude of the helix unwinding. The liquid crystal has one steady state corresponding to twisted helix without applied voltage. In this case, the principal optical axis coincides with the helical axes, but deviates from steady state under the action of a driving voltage, providing thereby an electro-optical response of the display which exhibits gray scale in light transmission or reflection that is continuous, hysteretic-free and non-sensitive to the driving voltage polarity, if the steady orientation of the principle axes is parallel or perpendicular to the light polarization plane and the driving voltage frequency is between 10 Hz and 5 kHz. In embodiments with very short helix pitches, the cells may be free from selective reflection and diffraction in the visible spectral range. Different embodiments of the invention may use ferroelectric liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, or antiferroelectric liquid crystal. | 11-24-2011 |
20110254847 | SUBPIXEL-BASED IMAGE DOWN-SAMPLING - Systems, methods, and apparatus for sampling images using minimum mean square error subpixel-based down-sampling are presented herein. A partition component can be configured to divide a first array of pixels into two-dimensional (2-D) blocks of pixels. A sampling component can be configured to receive a query from a device including information associated with a display of the device; diagonally down-sample subpixels of a block of the 2-D blocks and generate a second array of pixels based on the down-sampled subpixels and the query. The sampling component can communicate at least a portion of the second array to the device based on the query. The information associated with the display can include a dimension associated with the display. Further, sampling component can be associated with a web browser; and the query can include an internet based query. | 10-20-2011 |
20110222770 | SUBPIXEL-BASED IMAGE DOWN-SAMPLING - Systems, methods, and apparatus for sampling images using minimum mean square error subpixel-based down-sampling (MMSE-SD) are presented herein. A partition component can receive a first array of pixels, and divide the first array of pixels into two-dimensional (2-D) blocks of pixels. Further, a sampling component can diagonally down-sample subpixels of a block of the 2-D blocks, and generate a second array of pixels based on the down-sampled subpixels. The sampling component can alternately sample subpixels of adjacent pixels of the block in a diagonal direction, and generate the second array of pixels based on the subpixels. A reconstruction component can create a virtual image based on, at least in part, the second array of pixels. A MMSE-SD component can determine an optimal low resolution image based on, at least in part, respective color components of the virtual image and a high resolution image associated with the first array of pixels. | 09-15-2011 |
20110181589 | IMAGE-BASED PROCEDURAL REMODELING OF BUILDINGS - Systems and methods are provided to facilitate architectural modeling. In one aspect, a modeling system is provided. This includes a processor configured to generate remodeled images associated with one or more architectural structures. A procedural model is configured to integrate an approximate model from aerial images of the architectural structures and a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model from ground-level images of the architectural structures. | 07-28-2011 |
20110171448 | PREPARATION OF HYPERBRANCHED POLY(TRIAZOLE)S BY IN SITU CLICK POLYMERIZATION AND ADHESIVE CONTAINING THE SAME - Provided is a high temperature-resistant metal adhesive containing hyperbranched poly(triazole)s synthesized by in situ azide/alkyne click polymerization. Also provided is a method for preparing the same adhesives by in situ click polymerization of azide and alkyne monomers on metal substrates. The method is optimized to get high adhesive strength at room temperature or elevated temperatures by analyzing the effects of monomer ratio, curing temperature and time, and annealing temperature and time. The hyberbranched poly(triazole)s adhesive has comparable or better temperature resistance compared with known high temperature epoxy metal adhesives, and it is the first high temperature metal adhesive using hyperbranched poly(triazole)s prepared by in situ azide/alkyne click polymerization. | 07-14-2011 |
20110159610 | Polycrystalline silicon as an electrode for a light emitting diode and method of making the same - Metal induced polycrystallized silicon is used as the anode in a light emitting device, such as an OLED or AMOLED. The polycrystallized silicon is sufficiently non-absorptive, transparent and made sufficiently conductive for this purpose. A thin film transistor can be formed onto the polycrystallized silicon anode, with the silicon anode acting as the drain of the thin film transistor, thereby simplifying production. | 06-30-2011 |
20110114190 | MICROFLUIDIC DROPLET GENERATION AND/OR MANIPULATION WITH ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID - The subject disclosure relates to microfluidic devices, systems and methodologies that facilitate generation of droplets, control, and/or manipulation thereof with electrorheological (ER) fluids. In one aspect, ER fluids can be employed with a carrier fluid or as a carrier fluid to enable droplet generation, control, and/or manipulation. As a further advantage, embodiments of the disclosed subject matter can include droplet generation, control, and/or manipulation for liquids, gases, combinations, etc. Further non-limiting embodiments are provided that illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the disclosed structures. | 05-19-2011 |
20110087006 | DNA Sequence Encoding a Retinoic Acid Regulated Protein - The present invention concerns a novel retinoic acid regulated gene whose expression product displays useful morphogenic/mitogenic properties. The present invention further concerns an isolated nucleic acid of SEQ ID NO:1 encoding a retinoic acid regulated expression product having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. | 04-14-2011 |
20110045180 | METHOD OF MANIPULATING THE SURFACE DENSITY OF FUNCTIONAL MOLECULES ON NANOPARTICLES - Provided herein is a method for manipulating the surface density of functional molecules conjugated to nanoparticles, which method including incubating nanoparticles with nucleotides to form nucleotide-coated nanoparticles, adjusting buffer and salt concentration of the conjugation media, adding thiolated molecules in the conjugation media to incubate with the nucleotie-coated nanoparticles, and adding thiolated oligo(ethylene glycol) in the conjugation media to cease the conjugation process of thiolated molecules to nanoparticles. The method is simple, efficient and cost effective, and the surface density of functional molecules can be quickly manipulated in a wide range for various applications, such as biosensing, molecular diagnostics, nanomedicine, and nano-assembly. | 02-24-2011 |
20110043717 | Low voltage liquid crystal lens with variable focal length - Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal lens with a variable focal length. The gradient profile of the liquid crystals molecules that causes the gradient profile of the refractive index is achieved by inducing non-uniformly distributed anchoring energy and an external electric or magnetic field applied to the liquid crystal layer. Unlike existing electrically controlled liquid crystal lens, the external electric or magnetic field has a uniform spatial distribution within the liquid crystal layer. The focal length of the liquid crystal lens is controlled via the non-uniformly distributed anchoring energy and by varying the uniformly distributed electric or magnetic field. | 02-24-2011 |
20110043181 | Single-inductor-multiple-output regulator with auto-hopping control and the method of use - A switching regulator is provided herein comprising a voltage source, a plurality of switching elements, an inductive element, and a controller. The controller coordinates the plurality of switching elements as to sequentially and periodically switching the inductive element to generate a plurality of regulated DC voltages. The controller adjusts a switching frequency of the regulator in accordance with at least one characteristic of a load current. | 02-24-2011 |
20110018002 | TRANSISTORS AND RECTIFIERS UTILIZING HYBRID ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF FABRICATING THE SAME - Systems, methods, and apparatus described herein are associated with devices including hybrid electrodes. A heterostructure semiconductor transistor can include a III-N-type semiconductor heterostructure including a barrier layer overlying an active layer and a hybrid electrode region including a hybrid drain electrode region. Further, a heterostructure semiconductor rectifier can include a III-N-type semiconductor heterostructure and a hybrid electrode region including a hybrid cathode electrode region. Furthermore, the hybrid electrode region of the transistor and rectifier can include permanently trapped charge located under a Schottky contact of the hybrid electrode region. | 01-27-2011 |
20100322306 | SCALAR QUANTIZATION USING BIT-STEALING FOR VIDEO PROCESSING - Systems, methods, and apparatus for adaptively zeroing out transform coefficients utilizing a bit-stealing parameter are presented herein. A partitioning component can be configured to separate an image into blocks of video data. Further, a frequency transform component can be configured to transform pixels of a block of the blocks into transform coefficients. Furthermore, a bit-stealing quantization component configured to predefine quantization intervals. Moreover, the bit-stealing quantization component can modify a size of a quantization interval of the quantization intervals based on a variable bit-stealing parameter. Further, the bit-stealing component can quantize a transform coefficient of the transform coefficients, based on the quantization interval, to a quantized coefficient value of quantized coefficient values. | 12-23-2010 |
20100301955 | Frequency divider using an injection-locking-range enhancement technique - A locking range enhancement technique is described that steers away part of the DC current and reuses it to generate more injected AC current to the injection-locked resonator-based frequency dividers (ILFDs). The injection-enhanced ILFDs maintain the key features of ILFDs, which are high speed and low power consumption, without requiring any extra inductive component and thus extra chip area. | 12-02-2010 |
20100297450 | Implementing self-assembly nanometer-sized structures within metal - polymer interface - An adhesion bond between a metallic surface layer and a second surface is formed by treating the layers with a material comprising sulphur-containing molecules. The sulphur-containing molecules are applied as a surface treatment of the surfaces, so that the sulphur-containing molecules act as a coupling agent to bond chemically to both substrates form nanometer-sized structures on the surfaces. The nanometer-sized structures are incorporated into a self-assembly interlayer in between the surfaces, with the interlayer forming a bond to both surfaces. | 11-25-2010 |
20100296039 | Photo-aligned liquid-crystal micropolarimeter array and its manufacturing method - A micropolarimeter is described for simultaneously extracting all Stokes parameters from incident light. The micropolarimeter includes at least one superpixel, which further includes three or more subpixels, each exact a different polarization components from the incident light. The micropolarimeter includes a first and second alignment layers and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second alignment layers. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned in accordance with the first and second alignment layers to form the superpixel. A method is provided for manufacturing the photo-aligned liquid-crystal micropolarimeter array. | 11-25-2010 |
20100289816 | ADAPTIVE SUBPIXEL-BASED DOWNSAMPLING AND FILTERING USING EDGE DETECTION - Systems, methods, and apparatus for sampling images using edge detection are presented herein. A gradient component can calculate at least one gradient of a luminance of a block of pixels based on at least one direction; and select a minimum gradient of the at least one gradient of the luminance. Further, a direction component can determine a direction of the block based on a direction of the minimum gradient of the at least one gradient of the luminance. Moreover, a sampling component can alternately select subpixels of the block based on the direction of the block. In addition, a filter component can calculate at least one gradient of a color of a subpixel of the subpixels based on the at least one direction; determine a direction of the subpixel based on the at least one gradient of the color; and filter the subpixels based on the direction of the subpixel. | 11-18-2010 |
20100281337 | ANALOG ITERATIVE DECODER WITH EARLY-TERMINATION - An iterative decoder comprising a transconductance amplifier, a sampler, a Min-Sum decoder, and an early determination module is provided. The transconductance amplifier outputs a current proportional to the voltage of the coded bit stream. The sampler converts the amplified current into a plurality of currents and stores the sampled currents in a plurality of buffers. The Min-Sum decoder receives parallel currents, wherein currents represent the message of each variable node. The Min-Sum decoder exchanges the message of variable nodes and check nodes iteratively and outputs a set of decode codewords according to the possibilities. The early terminating module stops the iterative decoding when the decoded codeword converged. | 11-04-2010 |
20100278036 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR USER COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION - A wireless network system and corresponding methodologiesthat operates in a user cooperative communication system is provided. In operation, the system either combines packets transmitted from a direct channel with packets transmitted from and a relay channel, or uses erroneously relayed packets to assist decoding a direct packet. | 11-04-2010 |
20100275089 | ITERATIVE DECODING OF PUNCTURED LOW-DENSITY PARITY CHECK CODES BY SELECTION OF DECODING MATRICES - Methods and apparatus for enabling effective decoding of rate-compatible punctured codes are presented herein. A puncturing component can derive one or more partial puncturing patterns and corresponding decoding matrices/graphs that represent punctured code from a parity check matrix/graph of a mother code and a puncturing pattern specified for the mother code. Further, a rowcombining component can combine rows of the parity check matrix/graph based on the derived one or more partial puncture patterns. Further, the rowcombining component can create at least one decoding matrix/graph to represent the punctured code based on the combined rows. In addition, a selection component can select a decoding matrix/graph from the created at least one decoding matrix/graph that does not contain a girth-4 cycle. | 10-28-2010 |
20100266002 | EXPLOITING MULTIPLE ANTENNAS FOR SPECTRUM SENSING IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS - Spectrum sensing in wireless communications is provided to identify utilized and/or unutilized frequency bands reserved for primary users using a cyclostationary beamforming approach. An adaptive cross self-coherent restoral (ACS) algorithm can be utilized to extract signals of interest (SOI) at unique cycle frequencies related to primary and/or secondary users from an antenna array measurement. Based on the SOI, one or more users of the spectrum can be identified or the spectrum can be regarded as vacant; this can be based on lobe identification in the frequency spectrum of the SOI, in one example. This mechanism is less complex than traditional cyclic spectrum analysis methods. The cyclostationary beamforming based approach is more effective than the energy detection method. Also, the need for quiet periods in spectrum sensing is eliminated when using this mechanism such that signals can be transmitted simultaneously with receiving signals over the antenna array. | 10-21-2010 |
20100260337 | Context-Free Protocol for Enforcing Data Forwarding in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks - Described herein is a context-free protocol (i.e., the COFFEE protocol) for stimulating cooperation among selfish nodes. Various embodiments have the ability to transmit a packet over the path successfully without the dependency on the information of other packets' transmissions. It is assumed that every node in the network is rational, and therefore during the packet forwarding stage, if the intermediate nodes can not clearly tell whether the packet is destined to them or not, they do not simply drop the packet. Thus, in the COFFEE protocol, by introducing several techniques, for a packet received by a node, the node thinks the packet could potentially be destined to itself and forwards the packet to find out the answer. Detailed analysis and performance evaluations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the COFFEE protocol. | 10-14-2010 |
20100235088 | SAFETY-BASED ROAD MAP NAVIGATION - The disclosed subject matter relates to an architecture that can facilitate safety-oriented navigation through a local environment that presents emergency dynamics. The architecture can facilitate monitoring of deployed sensors constituting a sensor network, even for cases in which sensor locations are not known in advance such as for rapid or random deployment. | 09-16-2010 |
20100219789 | Method and apparatus for energy harvesting using CMOS sensor - An apparatus using reconfigurable integrated sensor elements with an efficient energy harvesting capability is described. Each sensor element has sensing and energy harvesting mode. In the sensing mode, the sensor element measures an environmental characteristic by generating electrical charge and outputs a time-encoded signal indicative of the measurement. In the energy harvesting mode, the sensor element itself is used to harvest energy from ambient energy source and makes it available to other sensor elements or circuit components. The sensing element is switched from the sensing mode to the energy harvesting mode when the electrical charge reaches a predetermined threshold. An image sensor device using asynchronous readout for harvesting energy from incident light while generating images is also described. | 09-02-2010 |
20100215314 | Apparatus Having an Embedded 3D Hybrid Integration for Optoelectronic Interconnects - An optoelectronic apparatus is described herein, including a transmitter, a receiver, and an optical waveguide, all of which are embedded in a PCB. The transmitter includes a laser generator and other circuits for generating electrical and optical signals, which are transmitted through the waveguide to the receiver. The receiver includes circuits and detectors for detecting and converting the optical signals to electrical signals. The circuit and optical components of the transmitter and receiver are integrated in 3D hybrid chip sets where the chip components are stacked in a 3D structure. Because all of the circuit and optical components are embedded in the PCB, the apparatus is made very compact and suitable for implementation in portable products. | 08-26-2010 |
20100215106 | EFFICIENT MULTI-FRAME MOTION ESTIMATION FOR VIDEO COMPRESSION - There is disclosed a method of digital signal compression, coding and representation, and more particularly a method of video compression, coding and representation system that uses multi-frame motion estimation and includes both device and method aspects. The invention also provides a computer program product, such as a recording medium, carrying program instructions readable by a computing device to cause the computing device to carry out a method according to the invention. | 08-26-2010 |
20100213600 | Apparatus having thermal-enhanced and cost-effective 3D IC integration structure with through silicon via interposers - An apparatus having a three-dimensional integrated circuit structure is described herein. The apparatus include an interposer for carrying a plurality of high and low-power chips. The high-power chips are attached and connected to one side of the interposer, while the low-power chips are attached and connected to the other side of the interposer. In generally, the high-power chips produce more heat than does the low-power chip during their operations. The interposer further include through silicon vias and redistribution layers for connecting the chips on both surfaces. In addition, the interposer assembly is attached and connected to a substrate layer, which is in turn attached and connected to a printed circuit board. In order to provide improve thermal management, the interposer surface carrying the high-power chips are oriented away from the circuit board. A heat spreader is attached to the back sides of the high-power chips for dissipating the heat. | 08-26-2010 |
20100201682 | GENERATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL FADE ADE MODELS FROM IMAGES - The subject disclosure relates to generating three-dimensional façade models from images. In one aspect, a systematic decomposition schema is disclosed for a façade structured into a Direct Acyclic Graph and implemented as a top-down recursive subdivision and bottom-up merging. In a further aspect, optimization of façade depth operating in a façade surface and in the super-pixel level of a whole subdivision region is described. | 08-12-2010 |
20100194956 | Apparatus and method for improving dynamic range and linearity of CMOS image sensor - Described herein is a circuit and related method for improving the dynamic range and the linearity characteristic of a CMOS image sensor. In various embodiments of the CMOS image sensor, a current sampler, a comparator, and a 1-bit memory are incorporated in each pixel circuit. In the image sensor, pixels are arranged in columns and a column slice is used to read the digital and analog singles from each column. In addition, a calibration circuit is incorporated in the sensor circuit for providing calibration current, which is used to generate calibration parameter. The image sensor operates in three non-overlapping modes: the difference mode, the WDR mode, and the calibration mode. The image sensor is switched among the three modes by control signals, which are provided to the image sensor by various control circuits. The image sensor normally operates in the difference mode and switches to the WDR mode when the difference between consecutive frames is over a threshold. The calibration mode allows the image sensor generate calibration parameters which are used to improve the linearity of the sensor through a interpolation method. | 08-05-2010 |
20100171546 | Polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors with bridged-grain structures - A low temperature polycrystalline silicon device and techniques to manufacture thereof with excellent performance. Employing doped poly-Si lines which we called a bridged-grain structure (BG), the intrinsic or lightly doped channel is separated into multiple regions. A single gate covering the entire active channel including the doped lines is still used to control the current flow. Using this BG poly-Si as an active layer and making sure the TFT is designed so that the current flows perpendicularly to the parallel lines of grains, grain boundary effects can be reduced. Reliability, uniformity and the electrical performance of the BG poly-Si TFT are significantly improved compared with the conventional low temperature poly-Si TFT. | 07-08-2010 |
20100150674 | System, apparatus and method for providing cooling - Described herein is a system for generating a plurality of coolant beams that converge at a focal point for advanced heat transfer. The system utilizes a variable strength activation of coolant and superposition of coolant beams generated by multiple actuators for increased cooling strength increase, thereby avoiding activation saturation in conventional systems. Each coolant beams is activated to carry an ultrasonic or megasonic vibration component. In addition, the system includes a coolant activation assembly having a plurality of actuators for generating the coolant beams. The coolant activation assembly further includes supporting components for positioning the actuators so that all of the coolant beams generated by these actuators converge at the focal point. Experimental results show that the system provides significantly improved workpiece quality in a machining process. Compared with the most advanced existing system, this system offers a further improvement of up to 12.30% on surface roughness of the finished workpiece. | 06-17-2010 |
20100150463 | EFFICIENT RATE ALLOCATION FOR MULTI-RESOLUTION CODING OF DATA - There are disclosed three fast rate control methods that can efficiently reduce or remove the computation and memory usage redundancy over conventional PCRD methods. The first method, called successive bit-plane rate allocation (SBRA), assigns the maximum allowable bit-rate for each bit-plane of each code-block by using the currently available rate-distortion information only. The second method is called priority scanning rate allocation (PSRA). This first predicts the order of magnitude of each truncation point's rate-distortion slope and then encodes the truncation points based on the order (priority) information. The third method uses PSRA to obtain a significantly smaller amount of data than PCRD for optimal truncation and is called priority scanning with optimal truncation (PSOT). SBRA provides the highest computational complexity and memory usage reduction, and the lowest coding/transmission delay. The computational complexity reduction can be up to about 90% of the entropy coding process. However this method gives the lowest PSNR performance of the three. PSRA provides higher PSNR performance than SBRA with the penalty of lower memory usage reduction and higher delay. PSOT provides the best (optimal) quality while it is the least efficient method in term of computational complexity, memory usage and the coding/transmission delay. The three methods provide different degree of computation complexity and memory reduction, coding/transmission delay and PSNR performance. The most suitable rate control method can be chosen based on application requirements. | 06-17-2010 |
20100149315 | Apparatus and method of optical imaging for medical diagnosis - Described herein is a novel 3-D optical imaging system based on active stereo vision and motion tracking for to tracking the motion of patient and for registering the time-sequenced images of suspicious lesions recorded during endoscopic or colposcopic examinations. The system quantifies the acetic acid induced optical signals associated with early cancer development. The system includes at least one illuminating light source for generating light illuminating a portion of an object, at least one structured light source for projecting a structured light pattern on the portion of the object, at least one camera for imaging the portion of the object and the structured light pattern, and means for generating a quantitative measurement of an acetic acid-induced change of the portion of the object. | 06-17-2010 |
20100129757 | SYNTHESIS OF ACYLARYLENES AND HYPERBRANCHED POLY(ACLARYLENE)S BY METAL-FREE CYCLOTRIMERIZATION OF ALKYNES - The present invention provides a new metal-free cyclotrimerization reaction of alkynes to produce a 1,3,5-triacylarylene or 1,3,5-triacylbenzene. This reaction is catalyzed by secondary amines, is strictly regioselective, highly functionality-tolerant, and the resulting product can be obtained in high yields. This reaction can be further applied for the preparation of novel branched (co)polymers bearing the triacylarylenes as structural units. The preparation of the (co)polymers is carried out as a one-pot single-step reaction procedure, giving branched oligomers and polymers in high yields up to 90%. The produced (co)polymers are also processible, easily film-forming, and thermally stable. | 05-27-2010 |
20100128757 | SPREADING SEQUENCES WITH DUAL LOW CORRELATION WINDOWS FOR QUASI-SYNCHRONOUS CODE-DIVISION MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS - Sequence generation in wireless communication is provided for sequences having good aperiodic correlation properties. In particular, dual window quasi-Barker sequences are generated that possess at least some properties of Barker sequences. In addition, the sequences can be orthogonal to mitigate multiple access interference. Dual windowing allows the sequences even after being phase modulated by data to be recognized, provided that delay in transmission is large as compared to the correlation zone. In this regard, the sequences can be utilized in quasi-synchronous spread spectrum and/or code division multiple access (CDMA) signal communication to provide orthogonality while substantially eliminating inter-user and inter-symbol interference. In addition, unlike the single window low periodic correlation sequences, system overheads, such as cyclic prefix, need not be utilized in transmission as the data modulation effect can be accounted for by the dual windowing. | 05-27-2010 |
20100084687 | ALUMINUM GALLIUM NITRIDE/GALLIUM NITRIDE HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS - Structures, devices and methods are provided for creating enhanced back barriers that improve the off-state breakdown and blocking characteristics in aluminum gallium nitride AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In one aspect, selective fluorine ion implantation is employed when developing HEMTs to create the enhanced back barrier structures. By creating higher energy barriers at the back of the two-dimensional electron gas channel in the unintentionally doped GaN buffer, higher off-state breakdown voltage is advantageously provided and blocking capability is enhanced, while allowing for convenient and cost-effective post-epitaxial growth fabrication. Further non-limiting embodiments are provided that illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the disclosed structures. | 04-08-2010 |
20100080994 | Methods for producing carbon nanostructures - Methods of producing carbon nanostructures utilizing a polymer and a nanostructure template to form carbon nanostructures are disclosed. The method does not require a metal catalyst. | 04-01-2010 |
20100077321 | CUSTOM RENDERING OF WEBPAGES ON MOBILE DEVICES - Webpages configured for display on a full-sized screen such as a computer monitor ( | 03-25-2010 |
20100074333 | Method and system for transcoding based robust streaming of compressed video - Described herein is a novel transcoding technique called lossless inter frame transcoding (LIFT) for improving the error resilience of video streaming. According to various embodiments, conventional coded blocks are selectively transcoded into new transcoded block. At the decoder, the transcoded block can be transcoded back to the conventional coded block when the prediction is available and can also be robustly decoded independently when the prediction is unavailable. According to another embodiment, an offline transcoding and online composing technique is provided for generating a composite frame using the transcoded and conventional coded blocks and adjusting the ratio of the transcoded blocks, thereby achieving error robustness scalability. | 03-25-2010 |
20100071760 | ULTRATHIN FILM MULTI-CRYSTALLINE PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE - A solar cell photovoltaic device using ultrathin films of polycrystalline silicon and deep uneven surface structures is disclosed. According to one embodiment, the uneven structures include one or more pits having a depth of at least 10 microns. According to another embodiment, the uneven structures include one or more cones or columns having a height or at least 10 microns. Because the unevenness of the structures, the photovoltaic device is able to use a very thin layer of polycrystalline silicon to effectively trap and absorb light. | 03-25-2010 |
20100069229 | Method For Synthesising A Nano-Product - A method for the synthesis of nano-products, such as atomic titanium oxide wires. The method allows wires of anatase titanium oxide wires to be formed in a range of tunable diameters and aspect ratios in the nanometer and subnanometer size scales. The method also allows the titanium wires to be capped by oleic acid to enhance dispersing and solubility. The method allows the titanium wires to be surface doped with nitrogen species to enhance stability and functionality such as enhanced absorption in the visible wavelength region, which is useful for photodegradation of organic wastes in water by sunlight. | 03-18-2010 |
20100067688 | Method and system for encoding multimedia content based on secure coding schemes using stream cipher - Described herein are various embodiments of a coding technique that utilize a stream cipher for switching between first and second coding conventions for encoding a symbol sequence. The first coding convention specifies a first mapping between a symbol and a first codeword and the second coding convention specified a second mapping between the symbol and a second codeword. According to the invention, a key generated by the stream cipher is used to selected one of the first and second coding convention and the mapping of the selected coding convention is then utilized for encoding the symbol. | 03-18-2010 |
20100039556 | MULTI-RESOLUTION TEMPORAL DEINTERLACING - System and methodologies are provided herein for de-interlacing a video sequence. Various aspects described herein can utilize a motion adaptive video de-interlacing algorithm based on block-based texture classification and a multi-level decision hierarchy to interpolate missing fields of an interlaced video signal in the spatial and temporal domains. In accordance with various aspects described herein, respective blocks of an interlaced video sequence can be classified by a texture classifier as “textured” or “non-textured.” Based on this classification, one or more motion detection schemes can be utilized to determine whether the respective blocks are static or moving. Missing pixels from one or more blocks can then be estimated using the texture and motion classifications based on values of neighboring lines and/or pixels in the field from which the block was obtained as well as values of corresponding pixel locations in temporally adjacent fields. | 02-18-2010 |
20100037121 | LOW POWER LAYERED DECODING FOR LOW DENSITY PARITY CHECK DECODERS - The disclosed subject matter provides low power layered LDPC decoders and related systems and methods. Exemplary embodiments of the disclosed subject matter can achieve significant reduction in memory access of the associated memories by bypassing the associated memories depending on the decoding algorithm (e.g., code rate) and the characteristic of the LDPC parity check matrix, thereby providing significant reductions power consumption of LDPC decoders. According to various embodiment, an optimal decoding order can be determined and scheduled to maximize the power reduction available by bypassing the associated memories. In addition, various algorithms are disclosed that determine optimal search orders under various constraints. According to the disclosed subject matter, particular embodiments can further reduce power consumption by employing the disclosed thresholding to further reduce memory access. Additionally, various modifications are provided, which achieve a wide range of performance and computational overhead trade-offs according to system design considerations. | 02-11-2010 |
20100034730 | One-step, paste-state mechanochemical process for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles - The present subject matter provides a time- and energy-saving paste-state mechanochemical process to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. Our nanoparticles are small, have abundant surface hydroxyl groups and exhibit excellent UV blocking characteristics. One embodiment involves a process for preparing zinc oxide nanoparticles comprising grinding, milling, or a combination thereof a mixture comprising (a) at least one zinc salt, (b) at least one additional inorganic salt, and (c) at least one alkali hydroxide compound. | 02-11-2010 |
20100029221 | POLYPHASE SEQUENCES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS - Polyphase sequence generation is provided for sequences having good aperiodic correlation properties. The sequences can allow lengths not attainable by other types of sequences (such as Frank sequences) and can yield increase merit factors and more desirable peak-to-side-peak ratios (and therefore decreased sidelobe energy) than other sequences (such as Chu sequences). Perfect root-of-unity sequences of lengths up to 32, achieving the minimum phase alphabets and the maximum merit factors and/or peak-to-side-peak ratios, are searched, and the results are tabulated. Comparing the merit factors and peak-to-side-peak ratios of the best search results to other sequences, a common construction pattern of the improved sequences of length 2m | 02-04-2010 |
20100027909 | CONVEX OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO IMAGE DEBLOCKING - Images encoded at low-bit rate may suffer from blocking artifacts, which can dramatically degrade the visual quality of the images. In accordance with the claimed subject matter, a convex optimization approach is provided in order to mitigate such blocking artifacts. Based on the analysis of image coding process as well as natural image properties (e.g., image complexity), a set of constraint functions can be constructed. In addition, an objective function can be constructed based upon, e.g. analysis of a quantization noise model. All functions included in the set as well as the objective function can be convex function. Accordingly, image deblocking can be formulated as a convex optimization problem which can be easily solved using numerical methods. Moreover, the feasibility of the convex optimization problem can be utilized to detect the true object edges and avoid blurring. | 02-04-2010 |
20100020877 | MULTIPLE REFERENCE FRAME MOTION ESTIMATION IN VIDEO CODING - Multiple reference frame motion estimation for video frame blocks is provided. A plurality of copies of a block list of a reference frame can be loaded into texture memory. Encoding of video blocks of the video frame can be ordered to allow concurrent encoding of the video blocks. Furthermore, motion vector prediction can be performed concurrently for independent video blocks, the motion vectors can be related to each one of the plurality of copies of the block list of the reference frame and determined for the at least a portion of the plurality of blocks ordered for concurrent encoding. Additionally, a fast motion estimation algorithm can be concurrently performed on a number of video blocks to search surrounding blocks and compute motion vectors. Further, concurrent processing of multiple slices can be performed. Such concurrent processes can leverage the parallel architecture of at least one graphical processing unit. | 01-28-2010 |
20100019279 | Integrated HEMT and Lateral Field-Effect Rectifier Combinations, Methods, and Systems - Integrated high efficiency lateral field effect rectifier and HEMT devices of GaN or analogous semiconductor material, methods for manufacturing thereof, and systems which include such integrated devices. The lateral field effect rectifier has an anode containing a shorted ohmic contact and a Schottky contact, and a cathode containing an ohmic contact, while the HEMT preferably has a gate containing a Schottky contact. Two fluorine ion containing regions are formed directly underneath both Schottky contacts in the rectifier and in the HEMT, pinching off the (electron gas) channels in both structures at the hetero-interface between the epitaxial layers. | 01-28-2010 |
20100009362 | Fluorescent water-soluable conjugated polyene compounds that exhibit aggregation induced emission and methods of making and using same - The presently described subject matter is directed to water-soluble conjugated polyene compounds that exhibit aggregation induced emission, as well as to water dispersible, fluorescent, polymeric microparticles and/or nanoparticles comprising the water-soluble conjugated polyene compounds. Also provided are methods of making and using the compounds and particles. The described conjugated polyene compounds are useful as bioprobes for the detection biomacromolecules, as well as in the manufacture of sensors. | 01-14-2010 |
20090317017 | IMAGE CHARACTERISTIC ORIENTED TONE MAPPING FOR HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE IMAGES - A method and system map high dynamic range images to low dynamic range images. An input set of luminance values can be divided into separate regions corresponding to particular luminance value ranges. A region value can be determined for each region. Based at least in part on the region value, a quantity of range assigned to each region for tone mapping can be dynamically adjusted until each region meets a decision criterion or stopping condition, referred to herein as “concentration.” A region can be said to be concentrated if all luminance values therein are within a concentration interval or range. After a region is concentrated, it can be tone-mapped by quantization. | 12-24-2009 |
20090316783 | BIDIRECTIONALLY DECODABLE WYNER-ZIV VIDEO CODING - Systems and methodologies for employing bidirectionally decodable Wyner-Ziv video coding (BDWZVC) are described herein. BDWZVC can be used to generate M-frames, which have multiple reference frames at an encoder and can be forward and backward decodable. For example, optimal Lagrangian multipliers for forward and backward motion estimation can be derived and/or utilized. The optimal Lagrangian multiplier for backward motion estimation can be approximately twice as large as the optimal Lagrangian multiplier for forward motion estimation. Further, an optimal P-frame/M-frame selection scheme can be employed to enhance rate-distortion performance when video is transmitted over an error prone channel. Accordingly, a first frame in a group of pictures (GOP) can be encoded as an I-frame, a next m−1 frames can be encoded as P-frames, and a remaining n-m frames can be encoded as M-frames, where n can be a length of the GOP and m can be optimally identified. | 12-24-2009 |
20090309769 | System and method for encoding data based on a compression technique with security features - Described herein is an efficient encryption method and system having improved security features based on randomness. The method and system utilize a random dictionary insertion and a random dictionary permutation, and a key stream generated by a stream cipher. Security analysis results show that the method and system provides a higher level of security without incurring any coding efficiency loss, compared with a existing encoding methods. | 12-17-2009 |
20090304264 | FREE VIEW GENERATION IN RAY-SPACE - The claimed subject matter relates to an architecture that can facilitate more efficient free view generation in Ray-Space by way of a Radon transform. The architecture can render virtual views based upon original image data by employing Ray-Space interpolation techniques. In particular, the architecture can apply the Radon transform to a feature epipolar plane image (FEPI) to extract more suitable slope or direction candidates. In addition, the architecture can facilitate improved block-based matching techniques in order to determine an optimal linear interpretation direction. | 12-10-2009 |
20090295934 | COLOR DEMOSAICKING USING DIRECTION SIMILARITY IN COLOR DIFFERENCE SPACES - Demosaicking optimizations are provided for still and/or moving image (e.g., video) processes that efficiently generate viewable images. A demosaicking process selects a direction before performing interpolation in order to avoid interpolation across edges and also to minimize color artifacts. The direction to be selected is based on a direction similarity measurement. A digital capture device can includes a system that processes the image data by performing interpolation based on the direction similarity measurement(s) for color difference spaces. The images created based on the directional similarities demonstrate performance gains in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). | 12-03-2009 |
20090295607 | FINDING A VARIABLE LENGTH CODE WITH OPTIMAL ERROR RECOVERY - Systems and methodologies for analyzing error recovery performance of variable length codes utilized for encoding and decoding data are provided herein. Synchronization recovery of a set of variable length codes can be evaluated assuming that an encoded bit stream is transmitted over a binary symmetric channel. Further, mean symbol error rates corresponding to each of the variable length codes in the set can be determined based upon the evaluation of the synchronization recovery. Moreover, a subset of the variable length codes with optimal error recovery can be selected as a function of the mean symbol error rates. | 12-03-2009 |
20090294734 | Percolation Efficiency of the conductivity of electrically conductive adhesives - An electroconductive bonding material is formed as a Modified Electrically Conductive Adhesive (MECA), and consists of a resin matrix and a modified conductive filler. The resin matrix if formed by providing a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin-based polymer resin. The conductive filler is a metal filler material suitable for use as conductive filler for the resin matrix. The metal filler is modified by applying a material selected from one of halogens, pseudohalogens or their precursors. | 12-03-2009 |
20090294153 | Printing using a structure coated with ultraviolet radiation responsive material - Wetting and print transfer from a printing patterned transfer surface is enhanced by applying an ultraviolet radiation responsive material to the patterned transfer surface. Ultraviolet activation of the ultraviolet responsive coating is performed during a transfer of printing material to a substrate. The technique increases precision of the printing process and is useful for transfer of printing material to a substrate in order to establish printed circuit components such as circuit traces and printed circuit elements on the substrate. In a particular configuration the ultraviolet radiation responsive material can be made of azobenzene material or free radical initiators. | 12-03-2009 |
20090279615 | ERROR CONCEALMENT FOR FRAME LOSS IN MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION CODING - Systems and methodologies for concealing frame loss in a video transmission environment are provided herein. Multiple Description Coding (MDC) can be used as an Error Resilience technique for video coding. In case of transmission errors, Error Concealment can be combined with MDC to reconstruct a lost frame, such that the propagated error to following frames can be reduced. Further, multi-hypothesis decoding can be employed to enhance reconstructed video quality of MDC over packet loss networks. For instance, one or more frames after the lost frame in the same stream can be reconstructed using multi-hypothesis decoding, which combines directly decoding and temporally interpolating these frames. Moreover, output obtained from directly decoding and temporally interpolating each frame can be combined by generating a weighted sum of these hypotheses. Constant weights and/or adaptive weights (e.g., determined based on the minimum mean square error criterion) can be used for yielding the weighted sum. | 11-12-2009 |
20090279600 | FLEXIBLE WYNER-ZIV VIDEO FRAME CODING - Efficient encoding and/or decoding of digital video is provided using multiple candidate reference frames, making playback of the digital video optionally reversible. For example, a source can be encoded as duplex coded frames having multiple candidate reference frames. The reference frames can be previous or future frames, and the duplex coded frames can be encoded at a bit-rate that ensures lossless decoding using any of the candidate reference frames. Therefore, the duplex coded frames can encoded in normal and/or reverse temporal order. In this regard, the ability to decode digital video frames using either a single previous or future frame enables reversible digital video, bit-stream switching and video splicing arbitrary time points, and provides for increased error resilience. | 11-12-2009 |
20090279032 | METHOD TO OBTAIN A CONTROLLED PRETILT AND AZIMUTHAL ANGLES IN A LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL - We disclose a new method of preparing liquid crystal alignment layers that can produce controllable pretilt angles from near 0 to near 90°. It is based on the stacking of two alignment materials sequentially, with the first one being continuous and the second one being discontinuous leaving part of the first layer exposed. | 11-12-2009 |
20090268821 | BLOCK PARALLEL AND FAST MOTION ESTIMATION IN VIDEO CODING - Block parallel fast motion estimation for blocks of a video frame is provided where encoding of video blocks can be ordered to allow concurrent encoding thereof. Furthermore, motion vector prediction can be performed concurrently for independent video blocks where requisite blocks for calculating the prediction of a given block can be previously encoded, but not all blocks depend from each other; thus, parallel motion vector estimation is possible. Additionally, a fast motion estimation algorithm can be concurrently performed on a number of video blocks to search surrounding blocks to compute motion vectors as well. The concurrent processes can leverage the parallel architecture of one or more graphical processing units (GPU). | 10-29-2009 |
20090221252 | LOW COMPLEXITY AGC FOR MB-OFDM - System and methodologies for amplifier gain control in a communication system are provided herein. By leveraging similarities between the distribution of received signal samples in an MB-OFDM system and a Gaussian distribution, various algorithms described herein can be utilized to perform fast and low-complexity amplifier gain tuning. Received signal strength indication information corresponding to analog signal samples and/or digital signal samples obtained from an analog to digital converter are analyzed to obtain a signal energy distribution. The obtained signal energy distribution is then compared to a reference Gaussian distribution to adaptively tune an associated amplifier gain. | 09-03-2009 |
20090221231 | MULTI-USER MIMO RELAY PROTOCOL WITH SELF-INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION - Systems and methodologies for employing a multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) relay protocol with self-interference cancellation in a wireless communication environment are provided herein. Data streams sent between user device(s) and base station(s) can traverse through a relay. Further, a decode and forward protocol can be employed by the relay rather than merely amplifying and forwarding the data streams. Moreover, each user device can listen to and decode data stream(s) sent by other user device(s) to the relay, and these decoded data stream(s) can be utilized for interference cancellation. Further, the user device(s) and the base station(s) can employ self-interference cancellation upon signals received from the relay. According to another example, an adaptive relay power allocation algorithm, which enhances power efficiency, can be leveraged by the relay for transmitting signals to the user device(s) and the base station(s). | 09-03-2009 |
20090213741 | Multi-user MIMO systems with Imperfect CSIT and ARQ - A robust closed-loop cross-layer design provides for the downlink multi-user multi-antenna systems with imperfect Channel State Information at the transmitter (CSIT) for slow fading channels. Using ACK/NAK feedbacks from mobiles, a closed-loop cross-layer scheduler does not require any knowledge of the CSIT error statistics. To take into account of the potential packet outage (due to imperfect CSIT), we define system goodput, which measures the average bits per second per Hertz (b/s/Hz) successfully delivered to the mobiles, as the optimization objectives. We formulate the cross-layer design as a mixed combinatorial search and Markov decision problem. Based on dynamic programming approach, the optimal power and rate allocation is determined using backward recursion and forward recursion algorithms. Simulations illustrate that the proposed closed-loop cross-layer scheduler has very robust goodput performance at moderate to high CSIT errors and pedestrian mobility. | 08-27-2009 |
20090209206 | OPTIMAL MIMO ISI CHANNEL ESTIMATION USING LOOSELY SYNCHRONIZED CODES AND THEIR VARIATIONS - A training-based channel estimation technique is provided to estimate channel state information for MIMO systems that is highly energy efficient and optimal in terms of Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The technique employs loosely synchronized (LS) codes or shifted LS codes. The codes can be generated using a fast Golay correlator and an efficient Golay correlator. A low-complexity implementation is also provided. | 08-20-2009 |
20090207768 | OPTIMAL CROSS-LAYER SCHEDULING FOR MULTI-USER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH IMPERFECT CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION AND UNKNOWN INTERFERENCE - The disclosed subject matter provides scheduling algorithms, methods, and systems that facilitate cross layer scheduling for systems with imperfect channel state information and unknown interference. By exploiting ACK/NAK feedback from users of downlink traffic and recursively optimizing scheduling policy components over a state space, the disclosed subject matter provide robust and optimal cross layer scheduling in the presence of unknown interference and imperfect channel state information. The disclosed details enable various refinements and modifications according to cross layer schedule and system design considerations. | 08-20-2009 |
20090207735 | ROBUST COOPERATIVE SPECTRUM SENSING FOR COGNITIVE RADIOS - The disclosed subject matter relates to communicatively coupled cognitive radio systems, devices, methodologies, or combinations thereof, facilitating improved utilization of unused portions of spectral bands by secondary users generally allocated to other primary users. This improved utilization can be achieved by cooperative spectrum sensing employing ST coding and/or SF coding for transmit diversity. Further, cooperative spectrum sensing can be improved by employing relay diversity with or without algebraic coding. It is illustrated that a threshold probability of false alarm can be reduced by applying transmit diversity with space time coding and/or space frequency coding. It is further illustrated that relay diversity can be employed to compensate for reduced sensing diversity order were some nodes in a cooperative spectrum sensing system cannot report directly. It is disclosed that algebraic coding can be combined with relay diversity to decrease the threshold probability of false alarm in relay diversity systems while maintaining high levels of sensing diversity order. | 08-20-2009 |
20090196379 | MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SIGNAL DETECTORS BASED ON RELAXED LATTICE REDUCTION - System and methodologies for reduced-complexity signal detection and decoding in a wireless communication system are provided herein. Systems and methodologies presented herein can utilize a relaxed form of the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm to reduce the complexity of lattice reduction operations in the context of MIMO detection. Additional systems and methodologies presented herein can apply lattice reduction in the context of a maximum likelihood (ML) detector for spherical or elliptical lattice space-time (LAST) codes. | 08-06-2009 |
20090196361 | NON-BINARY SOURCE-TO-CHANNEL SYMBOL MAPPINGS WITH MINIMIZED DISTORTION - System and methodologies for low-distortion index assignment for quantization are provided herein. Various aspects described herein utilize a graph theoretic approach for determining an index assignment mapping between a quantization codebook and a signal constellation by employing a variation of the subgraph isomorphism problem. The graph theoretic index assignment algorithms described herein allow efficient determination of index assignment mappings for both binary and non-binary quantization schemes. Further, the topological structure of a signal constellation can be exploited to simplify the set of subgraphs to be searched in select cases. Various aspects described herein can additionally be utilized to determine index assignment mappings for space-time block codes in a multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication system. | 08-06-2009 |
20090196360 | LATTICE-REDUCTION-AIDED MIMO DETECTORS - A Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL)-based technique is utilized to reduce the complexity of a MIMO detector. Basis vectors can be pre-sorted, such as by V-BLAST ordering or sorted-QR ordering, prior to applying Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization (GSO) to further improve performance. Alternatively, a joint sorting and LLL reduction (JSAR) technique can be utilized such that after each reduction step, a vector remaining to be reduced can be selected that will minimize the overall complexity. The JSAR technique can be applied on real or complex lattice bases. LLL reduction can be stopped after a predetermined threshold is exceeded. | 08-06-2009 |
20090190845 | MOTION-COMPENSATED RESIDUE BASED TEMPORAL SEARCH RANGE PREDICTION - Efficient temporal search range predication for motion estimation in video coding is provided where complexity of using multiple reference frames in multiple reference frame motion estimation (MRFME) can be evaluated over a desired performance level. In this regard, a gain can be determined for using regular motion estimation or MRFME, and a number of frames if the latter is chosen. Thus, the computational complexity of MRFME and/or a large temporal search range can be utilized where it provides at least a threshold gain in performance. Conversely, if the complex calculations of MRFME do not provide sufficient benefit to the video block prediction, a smaller temporal search range (a less number of reference frames) can be used, or regular motion editing can be chosen over MRFME. | 07-30-2009 |
20090190536 | RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR OFDMA SYSTEMS WITH HALF-DUPLEX RELAY(S) AND CORRESPONDING TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL - A transmission protocol is provided for wireless communications in an OFDMA system that uses a rateless code and techniques are provided for dynamically adjusting the subcarrier resources allocated to an OFDMA relay node so that the relay is used at the right time according to the instantaneous channel state information (CSI). As a result, a higher throughput is achieved between source and destination nodes based on a low complexity algorithm for determining when relay assistance is helpful for completing a transmission between the source and destination nodes. | 07-30-2009 |
20090174440 | FREQUENCY-HOPPING PULSE-WIDTH MODULATOR FOR SWITCHING REGULATORS - A frequency-hopping pulse-width modulator is disclosed, which facilitates a switching regulator to use smaller-size inductive and capacitive elements, to have an improved power efficiency at light load, as well as predictable spectrum at different load levels. The improved modulator automatically determines the switching frequency of a switching regulator according to the load current delivered by the switching regulator from a number of pre-defined frequencies, which are all multiples of a fundamental frequency. By designing the maximum switching frequency of frequency-hopping pulse-width modulator in the MHz range, a switching regulator is able to use smaller-size inductive and capacitive elements. Light-load efficiency of the switching regulator with the frequency-hopping pulse-width modulator is also greatly improved as switching frequency of such switching regulator is reduced with decreased load current. More importantly, spectrum of a switching regulator with the frequency-hopping pulse-width modulator is as predictable as spectrum of a switching regulator with a conventional pulse-width modulator operated at the fundamental frequency. | 07-09-2009 |
20090174383 | FREQUENCY COMPENSATION BASED ON DUAL SIGNAL PATHS FOR VOLTAGE-MODE SWITCHING REGULATORS - A frequency compensation method for voltage-mode switching regulators is disclosed. A lowpass filter and a bandpass filter are employed in the two signal paths into the dual inputs of PWM comparators. In one embodiment, two zeros are generated to compensate for the L-C output filter poles. Stable operation, low output voltage ripple and fast load transient response are achieved; while the power consumption of error amplifier and the area for implementing on-chip passive components are greatly reduced. | 07-09-2009 |
20090169962 | Integrated flow field plate and diffusion electrode in a fuel cell - A fuel cell has at least one electrode having channels for delivering reactants, products, or both. The electrode is an anode or cathode of the fuel cell, or both. The electrode can serve as both a liquid diffusion layer and a flow field plate, thus replacing the traditional elements of carbon paper, cloth diffusion layer, and anode current collector. In some aspects, the fuel cell uses methanol, and the electrode is formed from flexible graphite. The electrode can have a structure sufficient to permit methanol diffusion while preventing methanol crossover. The electrode can also improve volumetric power density and eliminate contact resistance typically present between a conventional flow field plate and conventional diffusion electrode layer. | 07-02-2009 |
20090147849 | INTRA FRAME ENCODING USING PROGRAMMABLE GRAPHICS HARDWARE - GPU-based intra frame processing techniques are provided to selectively offload computation loading from a CPU to a GPU. By rearranging the 4×4 block encoding order, the process can benefit from a parallel processing mechanism available on the GPU. Block list size has an effect on speed and by using the optimal block list size for a selection, up to about two times speed improvement in intra frame processing can be achieved. | 06-11-2009 |
20090147187 | TRANSFLECTIVE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY - Pixels of an LCD are divided into two sub-pixels, one for a reflective mode and one for a transmittive mode. The cell gaps of both sub-pixels are the same, improving fabrication ease. A novel photoalignment technique is used together with a shadow mask in an embodiment of the invention. Double exposure of the alignment layer with different orientations produces different alignment directions, thereby achieving the different LCD modes for the sub-pixels. | 06-11-2009 |
20090135911 | FAST MOTION ESTIMATION IN SCALABLE VIDEO CODING - Scalable Video Coding is recently attracting attentions due to its high flexibility. The current H.264/AVC scalable extension has adopted the Motion Compensated Temporal Filter (MCTF) framework to provide temporal scalability. In this paper, described is another fast motion estimation (ME) algorithm based on the MCTF framework. Simulation results show that the herein described algorithm can reduce the encoding complexity significantly while maintaining similar bit rate and PSNR, comparing with existing fast ME algorithms implemented in the reference software. | 05-28-2009 |
20090135901 | COMPLEXITY ADAPTIVE VIDEO ENCODING USING MULTIPLE REFERENCE FRAMES - Encoding techniques are provided that consider decoder complexity when encoding video data. A complexity adaptive encoding algorithm encodes video data by encoding current frame data based on reference frame data taking into account an expected computational complexity cost of decoding the current frame data. | 05-28-2009 |
20090134790 | POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON AS AN ELECTRODE FOR A LIGHT EMITTING DIODE & METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - Metal induced polycrystallized silicon is used as the anode in a light emitting device, such as an OLED or AMOLED. The polycrystallized silicon is sufficiently non-absorptive, transparent and made sufficiently conductive for this purpose. A thin film transistor can be formed onto the polycrystallized silicon anode, with the silicon anode acting as the drain of the thin film transistor, thereby simplifying production. | 05-28-2009 |
20090129496 | FULL-RATE DISTRIBUTED SPACE-TIME CODES FOR COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS - A full-rate distributed space-time (ST) code design is provided for amplify-and-forward cooperative wireless channels. A signal space diversity technique is employed at the source node and a unique signature vector at each relay node. The distributed space-time (ST) codes can achieve full cooperative diversity and full rate. The achievable diversity gain is M+1, where M is the number of relay nodes. Optimal power allocation can be used to maximize the coding gain under a total power constraint. | 05-21-2009 |
20090122854 | FREQUENCY DOMAIN EQUALIZATION WITH TRANSMIT PRECODING FOR HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSMISSION - Various embodiments of multi input multi output (MIMO) communication systems include a transmit Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) technique and a single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) technique. Parallel THP-FDE and successive THP-FDE are proposed based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. For the successive THP-FDE technique, where all transmit streams are subsequently precoded, both suboptimal and optimal MMSE ordering algorithm are set forth. Since the feedback processing is performed at the transmitter, no error propagation problem exists in the THP-FDE MIMO techniques, yielding significant performance improvements over conventional FDE MIMO techniques. Applying channel prediction and THP compensation techniques can also further enhance performance. | 05-14-2009 |
20090110062 | OPTIMAL HEEGARD-BERGER CODING SCHEMES - Optimal Heegard-Berger coding methods, devices, and systems are provided based on the disclosed coding schemes. The disclosed schemes facilitate decoding even in the absence of side information, with lower coding complexity than conventional Wyner-Ziv based distributed coding techniques. The disclosed details enable various refinements and modifications according to system design considerations. | 04-30-2009 |
20090109953 | ROBUST TIMING SYNCHRONIZATION FOR MB-OFDM FREQUENCY HOPPING SYSTEMS IN A SOP ENVIRONMENT - System and methodologies for timing synchronization in a wireless communication system are provided herein. The provided systems and methodologies can utilize various timing synchronization algorithms and an associated state machine to reduce the down time of a wireless communication system due to the presence of simultaneously operating piconets (SOP) and/or other factors. Frequency band finger pattern detection techniques are additionally described that can reduce boundary mismatch rates for wireless receivers. In one example, by making use of the fact that time frequency codes (TFCs) possess unique frequency hopping patterns, system down time can be reduced and OFDM boundary matching can be enhanced to allow a receiver to obtain correct timing information even for communication channels having a very low SINR. | 04-30-2009 |
20090103617 | EFFICIENT ERROR RECOVERY WITH INTRA-REFRESH - Systems and methodologies for concealing errors related to INTRA-frame losses in a transmitted video signal are provided herein. Systems and methodologies provided herein can refine a lost INTRA-coded frame and its subsequent INTER-coded frames using INTRA-coded macroblocks that are provided in a video bitstream in accordance with a Random INTRA Refresh (RIR) scheme. When an INTRA-frame is lost, INTRA-coded macroblocks can be used to refine neighboring INTER-coded macroblocks based on region filling, spatial interpolation, or other algorithms that are based on the strong correlation between values of adjacent pixels in a video signal. Further, motion compensation can be used to refine an INTER-coded pixel having an INTRA-coded pixel in its motion trajectory. | 04-23-2009 |