| Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC Patent applications |
| Patent application number | Title | Published |
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| 20120135528 | PAINT FOR DETECTION OF RADIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS - A paint that warns of radiological or chemical substances comprising a paint operatively connected to the surface, an indicator material carried by the paint that provides an indication of the radiological or chemical substances, and a thermo-activation material carried by the paint. In one embodiment, a method of warning of radiological or chemical substances comprising the steps of painting a surface with an indicator material, and monitoring the surface for indications of the radiological or chemical substances. In another embodiment, a paint is operatively connected to a vehicle and an indicator material is carried by the paint that provides an indication of the radiological or chemical substances. | 05-31-2012 |
| 20120121491 | ELECTROCHEMICAL FORMATION OF HYDROXIDE FOR ENHANCING CARBON DIOXIDE AND ACID GAS UPTAKE BY A SOLUTION - A system for forming metal hydroxide from a metal carbonate utilizes a water electrolysis cell having an acid-producing anode and a hydroxyl-producing cathode immersed in a water solution of sufficient ionic content to allow an electric current to pass between the hydroxyl-producing cathode and the acid-producing anode. A metal carbonate is placed in close proximity to the acid-producing anode. A direct current electrical voltage is provided across the acid-producing anode and the hydroxyl-producing cathode sufficient to generate acid at the acid-producing anode and hydroxyl ions at the hydroxyl-producing cathode. The acid dissolves at least part of the metal carbonate into metal and carbonate ions allowing the metal ions to travel toward the hydroxyl-producing cathode and to combine with the hydroxyl ions to form the metal hydroxide. The carbonate ions travel toward the acid-producing anode and form carbonic acid and/or water and carbon dioxide. | 05-17-2012 |
| 20120116730 | ABSOLUTE NUCLEAR MATERIAL ASSAY USING COUNT DISTRIBUTION (LAMBDA) SPACE - A method of absolute nuclear material assay of an unknown source comprising counting neutrons from the unknown source and providing an absolute nuclear material assay utilizing a model to optimally compare to the measured count distributions. In one embodiment, the step of providing an absolute nuclear material assay comprises utilizing a random sampling of analytically computed fission chain distributions to generate a continuous time-evolving sequence of event-counts by spreading the fission chain distribution in time. | 05-10-2012 |
| 20120114088 | Indirect Drive Targets for Fusion Power - A hohlraum for an inertial confinement fusion power plant is disclosed. The hohlraum includes a generally cylindrical exterior surface, and an interior rugby ball-shaped surface. Windows over laser entrance holes at each end of the hohlraum enclose inert gas. Infrared reflectors on opposite sides of the central point reflect fusion chamber heat away from the capsule. P2 shields disposed on the infrared reflectors help assure an enhanced and more uniform x-ray bath for the fusion fuel capsule. | 05-10-2012 |
| 20120114008 | TRANSVERSE PUMPED LASER AMPLIFIER ARCHITECTURE - An optical gain architecture includes a pump source and a pump aperture. The architecture also includes a gain region including a gain element operable to amplify light at a laser wavelength. The gain region is characterized by a first side intersecting an optical path, a second side opposing the first side, a third side adjacent the first and second sides, and a fourth side opposing the third side. The architecture further includes a dichroic section disposed between the pump aperture and the first side of the gain region. The dichroic section is characterized by low reflectance at a pump wavelength and high reflectance at the laser wavelength. The architecture additionally includes a first cladding section proximate to the third side of the gain region and a second cladding section proximate to the fourth side of the gain region. | 05-10-2012 |
| 20120112080 | SYSTEMS FOR INCREASING THE SENSITIVITY OF GAMMA-RAY IMAGERS - Systems that increase the position resolution and granularity of double sided segmented semiconductor detectors are provided. These systems increase the imaging resolution capability of such detectors, either used as Compton cameras, or as position sensitive radiation detectors in imagers such as SPECT, PET, coded apertures, multi-pinhole imagers, or other spatial or temporal modulated imagers. | 05-10-2012 |
| 20120105948 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COMPACT EFFICIENT LASER ARCHITECTURE - A laser amplifier module having an enclosure includes an input window, a mirror optically coupled to the input window and disposed in a first plane, and a first amplifier head disposed along an optical amplification path adjacent a first end of the enclosure. The laser amplifier module also includes a second amplifier head disposed along the optical amplification path adjacent a second end of the enclosure and a cavity mirror disposed along the optical amplification path. | 05-03-2012 |
| 20120105945 | SPATIAL FILTERS FOR HIGH POWER LASERS - A spatial filter includes a first filter element and a second filter element overlapping with the first filter element. The first filter element includes a first pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a first distance. Each of the first pair of cylindrical lenses has a first focal length. The first filter element also includes a first longitudinal slit filter positioned between the first pair of cylindrical lenses. The second filter element includes a second pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a second distance. Each of the second pair of cylindrical lenses has a second focal length. The second filter element also includes a second longitudinal slit filter positioned between the second pair of cylindrical lenses. | 05-03-2012 |
| 20120105931 | ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE WITH GAP-COUPLED ELECTRODE - An electro-optic device includes an electro-optic crystal having a predetermined thickness, a first face and a second face. The electro-optic device also includes a first electrode substrate disposed opposing the first face. The first electrode substrate includes a first substrate material having a first thickness and a first electrode coating coupled to the first substrate material. The electro-optic device further includes a second electrode substrate disposed opposing the second face. The second electrode substrate includes a second substrate material having a second thickness and a second electrode coating coupled to the second substrate material. The electro-optic device additionally includes a voltage source electrically coupled to the first electrode coating and the second electrode coating. | 05-03-2012 |
| 20120105827 | COMBINED RAMAN AND IR FIBER-BASED SENSOR FOR GAS DETECTION - A double-pass fiber-optic based spectroscopic gas sensor delivers Raman excitation light and infrared light to a hollow structure, such as a hollow fiber waveguide, that contains a gas sample of interest. A retro-reflector is placed at the end of this hollow structure to send the light back through the waveguide where the light is detected at the same end as the light source. This double pass retro reflector design increases the interaction path length of the light and the gas sample, and also reduces the form factor of the hollow structure. | 05-03-2012 |
| 20120093194 | METHOD AND SYSTEM TO MEASURE TEMPERATURE OF GASES USING COHERENT ANTI-STOKES DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY - A method of measuring a temperature of a noble gas in a chamber includes providing the noble gas in the chamber. The noble gas is characterized by a pressure and a temperature. The method also includes directing a first laser beam into the chamber and directing a second laser beam into the chamber. The first laser beam is characterized by a first frequency and the second laser beam is characterized by a second frequency. The method further includes converting at least a portion of the first laser beam and the second laser beam into a coherent anti-Stokes beam, measuring a Doppler broadening of the coherent anti-Stokes beam, and computing the temperature using the Doppler broadening. | 04-19-2012 |
| 20120088165 | CARBON FUEL PARTICLES USED IN DIRECT CARBON CONVERSION FUEL CELLS - A system for preparing particulate carbon fuel and using the particulate carbon fuel in a fuel cell. Carbon particles are finely divided. The finely dividing carbon particles are introduced into the fuel cell. A gas containing oxygen is introduced into the fuel cell. The finely divided carbon particles are exposed to carbonate salts, or to molten NaOH or KOH or LiOH or mixtures of NaOH or KOH or LiOH, or to mixed hydroxides, or to alkali and alkaline earth nitrates. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120086364 | PARTICLE BEAM COUPLING SYSTEM AND METHOD - Methods and devices enable coupling of a charged particle beam to a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ). Coupling of the charged particle beam is accomplished, at least in-part, by relying on sensitivity of the RFQ to energies of the incoming charged particle beam. A portion of a charged particle beam, which has an initial energy outside a range of RFQ's acceptance energy values, is subjected to a field that modifies its energy to fall within the range of RFQ's acceptance energy values. Once the field is removed, the charged particle beam returns to the initial energy that is outside of the RFQ' range of acceptance energy values. In another configuration, a portion of a charged particle beam, which has an initial energy within the range of RFQ's acceptance energy values, is subjected to a field that modifies its energy to fall outside the range of acceptance energy values of the RFQ. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120085920 | PARTICLE BEAM INJECTOR SYSTEM AND METHOD - Methods and devices enable coupling of a charged particle beam to a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator. Coupling of the charged particle beam is accomplished, at least inpart, by relying on of sensitivity of the input phase space acceptance of the radio frequency quadrupole to the angle of the input charged particle beam. A first electric field across a beam deflector deflects the particle beam at an angle that is beyond the acceptance angle of the radio frequency quadrupole. By momentarily reversing or reducing the established electric field, a narrow portion of the charged particle beam is deflected at an angle within the acceptance angle of the radio frequency quadrupole. In another configuration, beam is directed at an angle within the acceptance angle of the radio frequency quadrupole by the first electric field and is deflected beyond the acceptance angle of the radio frequency quadrupole due to the second electric field. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120082411 | HIGH VOLTAGE PHOTO SWITCH PACKAGE MODULE - A photo-conductive switch package module having a photo-conductive substrate or wafer with opposing electrode-interface surfaces, and at least one light-input surface. First metallic layers are formed on the electrode-interface surfaces, and one or more optical waveguides having input and output ends are bonded to the substrate so that the output end of each waveguide is bonded to a corresponding one of the light-input surfaces of the photo-conductive substrate. This forms a waveguide-substrate interface for coupling light into the photo-conductive wafer. A dielectric material such as epoxy is then used to encapsulate the photo-conductive substrate and optical waveguide so that only the metallic layers and the input end of the optical waveguide are exposed. Second metallic layers are then formed on the first metallic layers so that the waveguide-substrate interface is positioned under the second metallic layers. | 04-05-2012 |
| 20120076946 | Amorphous Metal Formulations and Structured Coatings for Corrosion and Wear Resistance - A system for coating a surface comprising providing a source of amorphous metal that contains more than 11 elements and applying the amorphous metal that contains more than 11 elements to the surface by a spray. Also a coating comprising a composite material made of amorphous metal that contains more than 11 elements. An apparatus for producing a corrosion-resistant amorphous-metal coating on a structure comprises a deposition chamber, a deposition source in the deposition chamber that produces a deposition spray, the deposition source containing a composite material made of amorphous metal that contains more than 11 elements, and a system that directs the deposition spray onto the structure. | 03-29-2012 |
| 20120073328 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING OPTICAL MATERIALS FOR HIGH POWER LASER SYSTEMS - A method of determining conditioning pulse parameters for an optical element includes directing a pump pulse to impinge on the optical element and directing a probe pulse to impinge on the optical element. The method also includes determining a first time associated with an onset of electronic excitation leading to formation of an absorbing region of the optical element and determining a second time associated with expansion of the absorbing region of the optical element. The method further includes defining a turn-off time for a conditioning pulse between the first time and the second time. According to embodiments of the present invention, pulse shaping of the conditioning pulse enables laser conditioning of optical elements to achieve improvements in their laser induced damage threshold. | 03-29-2012 |
| 20120062889 | Echelle Grating Multi-Order Imaging Spectrometer Utilizing A Catadioptric Lens - A cryogenically cooled imaging spectrometer that includes a spectrometer housing having a first side and a second side opposite the first side. An entrance slit is on the first side of the spectrometer housing and directs light to a cross-disperser grating. An echelle immersions grating and a catadioptric lens are positioned in the housing to receive the light. A cryogenically cooled detector is located in the housing on the second side of the spectrometer housing. Light from the entrance slit is directed to the cross-disperser grating. The light is directed from the cross-disperser grating to the echelle immersions grating. The light is directed from the echelle immersions grating to the cryogenically cooled detector on the second side of the spectrometer housing. | 03-15-2012 |
| 20120057665 | Three Wavelength Coupling for Fusion Capsule Hohlraums - Using three tunable wavelengths on different cones of laser beams the energy transfer between beams can be tuned to redistribute the energy within the cones of beams most prone to backscatter instabilities. Using a third wavelength provides a greater level of control of the laser energy distribution and coupling in the hohlraum, to significantly reduce stimulated Raman scattering losses and increase the hohlraum radiation drive, yet maintain implosion symmetry. | 03-08-2012 |
| 20120019235 | Position Sensor For Linear Synchronous Motors Employing Halbach Arrays - A position sensor suitable for use in linear synchronous motor (LSM) drive systems employing Halbach arrays to create their magnetic fields is described. The system has several advantages over previously employed ones, especially in its simplicity and its freedom from being affected by weather conditions, accumulated dirt, or electrical interference from the LSM system itself. | 01-26-2012 |
| 20120006796 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HIGH POWER REFLECTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS - A method of repairing damage in an optical element includes providing a laser system including at least one optical element having a coating layer having an incident light surface and directing a laser pulse from the laser system to impinge on the incident light surface. The method also includes sustaining damage to a portion of the incident light surface and melting the damaged portion of the incident light surface and a region adjacent to the damaged portion. The method further includes flowing material from the region adjacent the damaged portion to the damaged portion and solidifying the material in the damaged portion and the region adjacent to the damaged portion. | 01-12-2012 |
| 20110315885 | HIGH EFFECTIVE ATOMIC NUMBER POLYMER SCINTILLATORS FOR GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY - A scintillator material according to one embodiment includes a bismuth-loaded aromatic polymer having an energy resolution at 662 keV of less than about 10%. A scintillator material according to another embodiment includes a bismuth-loaded aromatic polymer having a fluor incorporated therewith and an energy resolution at 662 keV of less than about 10%. Additional systems and methods are also presented. | 12-29-2011 |
| 20110309538 | TRANSPARENT CERAMICS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION THEREOF - A method for forming a transparent ceramic preform in one embodiment includes forming a suspension of oxide particles in a solvent, wherein the suspension includes a dispersant, with the proviso that the suspension does not include a gelling agent; and uniformly curing the suspension for forming a preform of gelled suspension. A method according to another embodiment includes creating a mixture of inorganic particles, a solvent and a dispersant, the inorganic particles having a mean diameter of less than about 2000 nm; agitating the mixture; adding the mixture to a mold; and curing the mixture in the mold for gelling the mixture, with the proviso that no gelling agent is added to the mixture. | 12-22-2011 |
| 20110304845 | PARTICLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS - A method according to one embodiment includes generating light fringes using a light source; directing a particle through the light fringes; detecting light scattered by the particle as the particle passes through the light fringes using at least one light detector; and determining at least one property of the particle. A system according to one embodiment includes a light source for generating light fringes; a sampling mechanism for directing particles through the light fringes; and at least one light detector for detecting light scattered by each of the particles as the particles pass through the light fringes | 12-15-2011 |
| 20110286709 | Method and System for Edge Cladding of Laser Gain Media - A gain medium operable to amplify light at a gain wavelength and having reduced transverse ASE includes an input surface and an output surface opposing the input surface. The gain medium also includes a central region including gain material and extending between the input surface and the output surface along a longitudinal optical axis of the gain medium. The gain medium further includes an edge cladding region surrounding the central region and extending between the input surface and the output surface along the longitudinal optical axis of the gain medium. The edge cladding region includes the gain material and a dopant operable to absorb light at the gain wavelength. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286570 | SOLID HOLLOW CORE FUEL FOR FUSION-FISSION ENGINE - A fuel pebble for use in a fusion-fission engine includes a buffer material and a fertile or fissile fuel shell surrounding the buffer material. The fuel pebble also includes a containment shell surrounding the fertile or fissile fuel shell. The containment shell includes silicon carbide. The fuel pebble further includes a composite material layer surrounding the containment shell and a cladding layer surrounding the composite material layer. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286563 | Control of a Laser Inertial Confinement Fusion-Fission Power Plant - A laser inertial-confinement fusion-fission energy power plant is described. The fusion-fission hybrid system uses inertial confinement fusion to produce neutrons from a fusion reaction of deuterium and tritium. The fusion neutrons drive a sub-critical blanket of fissile or fertile fuel. A coolant circulated through the fuel extracts heat from the fuel that is used to generate electricity. The inertial confinement fusion reaction can be implemented using central hot spot or fast ignition fusion, and direct or indirect drive. The fusion neutrons result in ultra-deep burn-up of the fuel in the fission blanket, thus enabling the burning of nuclear waste. Fuels include depleted uranium, natural uranium, enriched uranium, spent nuclear fuel, thorium, and weapons grade plutonium. LIFE engines can meet worldwide electricity needs in a safe and sustainable manner, while drastically shrinking the highly undesirable stockpiles of depleted uranium, spent nuclear fuel and excess weapons materials. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286483 | LASER DIODE PACKAGE WITH ENHANCED COOLING - A laser diode package assembly includes a reservoir filled with a fusible metal in close proximity to a laser diode. The fusible metal absorbs heat from the laser diode and undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid during the operation of the laser. The metal absorbs heat during the phase transition. Once the laser diode is turned off, the liquid metal cools off and resolidifies. The reservoir is designed such that that the liquid metal does not leave the reservoir even when in liquid state. The laser diode assembly further includes a lid with one or more fin structures that extend into the reservoir and are in contact with the metal in the reservoir. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286482 | LASER DIODE PACKAGE WITH ENHANCED COOLING - A laser diode package assembly includes a reservoir filled with a fusible metal in close proximity to a laser diode. The fusible metal absorbs heat from the laser diode and undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid during the operation of the laser. The metal absorbs heat during the phase transition. Once the laser diode is turned off, the liquid metal cools off and resolidifies. The reservoir is designed such that that the liquid metal does not leave the reservoir even when in liquid state. The laser diode assembly further includes a lid with one or more fin structures that extend into the reservoir and are in contact with the metal in the reservoir. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286481 | LASER DIODE PACKAGE WITH ENHANCED COOLING - A laser diode package assembly includes a reservoir filled with a fusible metal in close proximity to a laser diode. The fusible metal absorbs heat from the laser diode and undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid during the operation of the laser. The metal absorbs heat during the phase transition. Once the laser diode is turned off, the liquid metal cools off and resolidifies. The reservoir is designed such that that the liquid metal does not leave the reservoir even when in liquid state. The laser diode assembly further includes a lid with one or more fin structures that extend into the reservoir and are in contact with the metal in the reservoir. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286480 | Method and System for Modulation of Gain Suppression in High Average Power Laser Systems - A high average power laser system with modulated gain suppression includes an input aperture associated with a first laser beam extraction path and an output aperture associated with the first laser beam extraction path. The system also includes a pinhole creation laser having an optical output directed along a pinhole creation path and an absorbing material positioned along both the first laser beam extraction path and the pinhole creation path. The system further includes a mechanism operable to translate the absorbing material in a direction crossing the first laser beam extraction laser path and a controller operable to modulate the second laser beam. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110286122 | Method and System For Dual Resolution Translation Stage - A dual resolution translation stage includes a stage assembly operable to receive an optical element and a low resolution adjustment device mechanically coupled to the stage assembly. The dual resolution stage also includes an adjustable pivot block mechanically coupled to the stage assembly. The adjustable pivot block includes a pivot shaft. The dual resolution stage further includes a lever arm mechanically coupled to the adjustable pivot block. The lever arm is operable to pivot about the pivot shaft. The dual resolution stage additionally includes a high resolution adjustment device mechanically coupled to the lever arm and the stage assembly. | 11-24-2011 |
| 20110275726 | Post Polymerization Cure Shape Memory Polymers - This invention relates to chemical polymer compositions, methods of synthesis, and fabrication methods for devices regarding polymers capable of displaying shape memory behavior (SMPs) and which can first be polymerized to a linear or branched polymeric structure, having thermoplastic properties, subsequently processed into a device through processes typical of polymer melts, solutions, and dispersions and then crossed linked to a shape memory thermoset polymer retaining the processed shape. | 11-10-2011 |
| 20110275286 | Method and System for Polishing Materials Using a Nonaqueous Magnetorheological Fluid - A nonaqueous magnetorheological fluid includes a primarily organic carrier liquid and magnetizable particles. The magnetorheological fluid also includes a buffer, a stabilizer, and water. A pH of the magnetorheological fluid is between 6.5 and 9.0. | 11-10-2011 |
| 20110273766 | MULTI-PASS AMPLIFIER ARCHITECTURE FOR HIGH POWER LASER SYSTEMS - A main amplifier system includes a first reflector operable to receive input light through a first aperture and direct the input light along an optical path. The input light is characterized by a first polarization. The main amplifier system also includes a first polarizer operable to reflect light characterized by the first polarization state. The main amplifier system further includes a first and second set of amplifier modules. Each of the first and second set of amplifier modules includes an entrance window, a quarter wave plate, a plurality of amplifier slablets arrayed substantially parallel to each other, and an exit window. The main amplifier system additionally includes a set of mirrors operable to reflect light exiting the first set of amplifier modules to enter the second set of amplifier modules and a second polarizer operable to reflect light characterized by a second polarization state. | 11-10-2011 |
| 20110261919 | LASER FUSION NEUTRON SOURCE EMPLOYING COMPRESSION WITH SHORT PULSE LASERS - A method and system for achieving fusion is provided. The method includes providing laser source that generates a laser beam and a target that includes a capsule embedded in the target and filled with DT gas. The laser beam is directed at the target. The laser beam helps create an electron beam within the target. The electron beam heats the capsule, the DT gas, and the area surrounding the capsule. At a certain point equilibrium is reached. At the equilibrium point, the capsule implodes and generates enough pressure on the DT gas to ignite the DT gas and fuse the DT gas nuclei. | 10-27-2011 |
| 20110259860 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR LASER-BASED FORMATION OF MICRO-SHAPES IN SURFACES OF OPTICAL ELEMENTS - A method of forming a surface feature extending into a sample includes providing a laser operable to emit an output beam and modulating the output beam to form a pulse train having a plurality of pulses. The method also includes a) directing the pulse train along an optical path intersecting an exposed portion of the sample at a position i and b) focusing a first portion of the plurality of pulses to impinge on the sample at the position i. Each of the plurality of pulses is characterized by a spot size at the sample. The method further includes c) ablating at least a portion of the sample at the position i to form a portion of the surface feature and d) incrementing counter i. The method includes e) repeating steps a) through d) to form the surface feature. The sample is free of a rim surrounding the surface feature. | 10-27-2011 |
| 20110253630 | MEMBRANES WITH FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBE PORES FOR SELECTIVE TRANSPORT - Provided herein composition and methods for nanoporous membranes comprising single walled, double walled, or multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a matrix material. Average pore size of the carbon nanotube can be 6 nm or less. These membranes are a robust platform for the study of confined molecular transport, with applications in liquid and gas separations and chemical sensing including desalination, dialysis, and fabric formation. | 10-20-2011 |
| 20110253538 | Deionization and Desalination Using Electrostatic Ion Pumping - The present invention provides a new method and apparatus/system for purifying ionic solutions, such as, for example, desalinating water, using engineered charged surfaces to sorb ions from such solutions. Surface charge is applied externally, and is synchronized with oscillatory fluid movements between substantially parallel charged plates. Ions are held in place during fluid movement in one direction (because they are held in the electrical double layer), and released for transport during fluid movement in the opposite direction by removing the applied electric field. In this way the ions, such as salt, are “ratcheted” across the charged surface from the feed side to the concentrate side. The process itself is very simple and involves only pumps, charged surfaces, and manifolds for fluid collection. | 10-20-2011 |
| 20110250467 | METHODS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION FOR CERAMIC AND CERMET APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS THEREOF - A ceramic, metal, or cermet according to one embodiment includes a first layer having a gradient in composition, microstructure and/or density in an x-y plane oriented parallel to a plane of deposition of the first layer. A ceramic according to another embodiment includes a plurality of layers comprising particles of a non-cubic material, wherein each layer is characterized by the particles of the non-cubic material being aligned in a common direction. Additional products and methods are also disclosed. | 10-13-2011 |
| 20110247416 | SENSOR AND TRANSMITTER SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION IN PIPELINES - A system for sensing and communicating in a pipeline that contains a fluid. An acoustic signal containing information about a property of the fluid is produced in the pipeline. The signal is transmitted through the pipeline. The signal is received with the information and used by a control. | 10-13-2011 |
| 20110242527 | ROOM-TEMPERATURE QUANTUM NOISE LIMITED SPECTROMETRY AND METHODS OF THE SAME - In one embodiment, a heterodyne detection system for detecting light includes a first input aperture adapted for receiving a first light from a scene input, a second input aperture adapted for receiving a second light from a local oscillator input, a broadband local oscillator adapted for providing the second light to the second input aperture, a dispersive element adapted for dispersing the first light and the second light, and a final condensing lens coupled to an infrared detector. The final condensing lens is adapted for concentrating incident light from a primary condensing lens onto the detector, and the detector is a square-law detector capable of sensing the frequency difference between the first light and the second light. More systems and methods for detecting light are disclosed according to more embodiments. | 10-06-2011 |
| 20110240861 | ROOM-TEMPERATURE QUANTUM NOISE LIMITED SPECTROMETRY AND METHODS OF THE SAME - In one embodiment, a heterodyne detection system for detecting light includes a first input aperture adapted for receiving first light from a scene input, a second input aperture adapted for receiving second light from a local oscillator input, a broadband local oscillator adapted for providing the second light to the second input aperture, a dispersive element adapted for dispersing the first light and the second light, and a final condensing lens coupled to an infrared detector. The final condensing lens is adapted for concentrating incident light from a primary condensing lens onto the infrared detector, and the infrared detector is a square-law detector capable of sensing the frequency difference between the first light and the second light. More systems and methods for detecting light are described according to other embodiments. | 10-06-2011 |
| 20110239745 | Rapid Identification of Explosives Using Thin-Layer Chromatography and Colorimetric Techniques - A thin-layer chromatography method for identifying material present in a sample on a location including the steps of provide a thin-layer chromatography plate, wetting a swab is with a solvent providing a wetted swab, contacted the location of interest is with the wetted swab to obtain the sample providing a wetted swab with sample, placing the wetted swab with sample in the solvent to dissolve the sample and provide a solvent with sample, dipping a micropipette into the solvent with sample to obtain an amount of the solvent with sample, spotting the amount of the solvent with sample on the thin-layer chromatography plate, allowed the amount of the solvent with sample on the thin-layer chromatography plate to dry providing a thin-layer chromatography plate with sample, placing the a thin-layer chromatography plate with sample into a developing chamber with solvent mixture, allowing the thin-layer chromatography plate with sample to develop producing a developed thin-layer chromatography plate with sample, removing the developed thin-layer chromatography plate with sample from the developing chamber, and illuminating the developed thin-layer chromatography plate with sample with ultra violet light to produce an image for identifying the material present in the sample. | 10-06-2011 |
| 20110235669 | ENHANCED VBASIS LASER DIODE PACKAGE - A substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface is provided. The substrate includes a plurality of v-grooves formed in the upper surface. Each v-groove includes a first side and a second side perpendicular to the first side. A laser diode bar assembly is disposed within each of the v-grooves and attached to the first side. The laser diode bar assembly includes a first adhesion layer disposed on the first side of the v-groove, a metal plate attached to the first adhesion layer, a second adhesion layer disposed over the metal plate, and a laser diode bar attached to the second adhesion layer. The laser diode bar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) substantially similar to that of the metal plate. | 09-29-2011 |
| 20110226302 | Thermoelectric Coatings for Waste Heat Recovery and Photo-Thermal Power - An energy harvesting system for collecting energy from sources of thermal energy that exist in the environment and convert the energy to electricity. The system has N-P junctions mounted on the outer surface of a conduit, pipe or flue. A hot medium flows through the conduit, pipe or flue. The p-n junctions operate as thermoelectric power generators. Heat absorbed at the p-n junctions increases the kinetic energy of charge carriers causing migration of the charge carriers. This thermally-driven migration of charge carriers is used to drive an electrical current in an external circuit. | 09-22-2011 |
| 20110224065 | METHOD FOR FABRICATING APATITE CRYSTALS AND CERAMICS - The present invention provides a method of crystallizing Yb:C-FAP [Yb | 09-15-2011 |
| 20110223460 | Low Temperature Sodium-Beta Battery - A battery that will operate at ambient temperature or lower includes an enclosure, a current collector within the enclosure, an anode that will operate at ambient temperature or lower within the enclosure, a cathode that will operate at ambient temperature or lower within the enclosure, and a separator and electrolyte within the enclosure between the anode and the cathode. The anode is a sodium eutectic anode that will operate at ambient temperature or lower and is made of a material that is in a liquid state at ambient temperature or lower. The cathode is a low melting ion liquid cathode that will operate at ambient temperature or lower and is made of a material that is in a liquid state at ambient temperature or lower. | 09-15-2011 |
| 20110182309 | LASER DIODE PACKAGE WITH ENHANCED COOLING - A laser diode package assembly includes a reservoir filled with a fusible metal in close proximity to a laser diode. The fusible metal absorbs heat from the laser diode and undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid during the operation of the laser. The metal absorbs heat during the phase transition. Once the laser diode is turned off, the liquid metal cools off and resolidifies. The reservoir is designed such that that the liquid metal does not leave the reservoir even when in liquid state. The laser diode assembly further includes a lid with one or more fin structures that extend into the reservoir and are in contact with the metal in the reservoir. | 07-28-2011 |
| 20110171545 | CARBON FUEL PARTICLES USED IN DIRECT CARBON CONVERSION FUEL CELLS - A system for preparing particulate carbon fuel and using the particulate carbon fuel in a fuel cell. Carbon particles are finely divided. The finely dividing carbon particles are introduced into the fuel cell. A gas containing oxygen is introduced into the fuel cell. The finely divided carbon particles are exposed to carbonate salts, or to molten NaOH or KOH or LiOH or mixtures of NaOH or KOH or LiOH, or to mixed hydroxides, or to alkali and alkaline earth nitrates. | 07-14-2011 |
| 20110168888 | WEAK-LENS COUPLING OF HIGH CURRENT ELECTRON SOURCES TO ELECTRON MICROSCOPE COLUMNS - A dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) according to one embodiment includes an electron gun positioned at a top of a column for emitting electrons; an accelerator for accelerating the electrons; a C | 07-14-2011 |
| 20110165348 | Compositions of Corrosion-resistant Fe-Based Amorphous Metals Suitable for Producing Thermal Spray Coatings - A method of coating a surface comprising providing a source of amorphous metal that contains manganese (1 to 3 atomic %), yttrium (0.1 to 10 atomic %), and silicon (0.3 to 3.1 atomic %) in the range of composition given in parentheses; and that contains the following elements in the specified range of composition given in parentheses: chromium (15 to 20 atomic %), molybdenum (2 to 15 atomic %), tungsten (1 to 3 atomic %), boron (5 to 16 atomic %), carbon (3 to 16 atomic %), and the balance iron; and applying said amorphous metal to the surface by a spray. | 07-07-2011 |
| 20110163636 | MATRIX-ASSISTED ENERGY CONVERSION IN NANOSTRUCTURED PIEZOELECTRIC ARRAYS - A nanoconverter is capable of directly generating electricity through a nanostructure embedded in a polymer layer experiencing differential thermal expansion in a stress transfer zone. High surface-to-volume ratio semiconductor nanowires or nanotubes (such as ZnO, silicon, carbon, etc.) are grown either aligned or substantially vertically aligned on a substrate. The resulting nanoforest is then embedded with the polymer layer, which transfers stress to the nanostructures in the stress transfer zone, thereby creating a nanostructure voltage output due to the piezoelectric effect acting on the nanostructure. Electrodes attached at both ends of the nanostructures generate output power at densities of ˜20 nW/cm | 07-07-2011 |
| 20110151537 | Synthetic Catalysts that Separate CO2 from the Atmosphere and Gas Mixtures - The creation of a catalyst that can be used for a wide variety of applications including the steps of developing preliminary information regarding the catalyst, using the preliminary information to produce a template of the catalyst, and using the template of the catalyst to produce the catalyst. | 06-23-2011 |
| 20110147597 | Active Noise Canceling System for Mechanically Cooled Germanium Radiation Detectors - A microphonics noise cancellation system and method for improving the energy resolution for mechanically cooled high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector systems. A classical adaptive noise canceling digital processing system using an adaptive predictor is used in an MCA to attenuate the microphonics noise source making the system more deployable. | 06-23-2011 |
| 20110144686 | Shape Memory Polymer Foams for Endovascular Therapies - A system for occluding a physical anomaly. One embodiment comprises a shape memory material body wherein the shape memory material body fits within the physical anomaly occluding the physical anomaly. The shape memory material body has a primary shape for occluding the physical anomaly and a secondary shape for being positioned in the physical anomaly. | 06-16-2011 |
| 20110143202 | Monolithic Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Energy Storage System on Aerogel or Nanotube Scaffold - A monolithic three-dimensional electrochemical energy storage system is provided on an aerogel or nanotube scaffold. An anode, separator, cathode, and cathodic current collector are deposited on the aerogel or nanotube scaffold. | 06-16-2011 |
| 20110137405 | Stent with Expandable Foam - A stent for treating a physical anomaly. The stent includes a skeletal support structure for expanding in the physical anomaly and a shape memory material coupled to the skeletal support structure. | 06-09-2011 |
| 20110129614 | EXTREME SYNTHESIS OF CRYSTALLINE AEROGEL MATERIALS FROM AMORPHOUS AEROGEL PRECURSORS - In one embodiment, a system includes a pressure cell adapted for enclosing a porous structure; an inert pressure medium within the pressure cell; and a heat source for heating the porous structure. In another embodiment, a composition of matter includes a crystalline porous structure having a density of about 30 to about 50 mg/cm | 06-02-2011 |
| 20110125411 | Uniquemer Algorithm for Identification of Conserved and Unique Subsequences - A first protein sequence associated with the organism is identified, wherein the first protein sequence comprises a plurality of ordered residues. A plurality of sub-sequences is generated based on the first protein sequence, wherein each sub-sequence comprises a plurality of contiguous residues and a starting residue number of each sub-sequence differs from a starting residue number of another sub-sequence by one position in the first protein sequence. A first unique sub-sequence comprising a first set of contiguous residues based on the plurality of sub-sequences is identified, wherein the first unique sub-sequence is specific to the organism and is identified based on a dataset of protein sequences and stored. | 05-26-2011 |
| 20110124514 | Protein Signature Evaluation Platform - A set of known protein sequences associated with an organism is identified, wherein each known protein sequence comprises a plurality of ordered residues. A set of scores associated with a set of residues of the plurality of ordered residues is identified, wherein each score indicates a frequency of a residue in sequence context. A set of unique sub-sequences of the set of known protein sequences is identified. A plurality of protein signature residues is determined based on the set of scores associated with the set of residues and the set of unique sub-sequences. | 05-26-2011 |
| 20110109121 | ROOF AND GAP FAIRING FOR THE AERODYNAMIC DRAG REDUCTION OF TANKER TRUCKS - A fairing apparatus for reducing aerodynamic drag of a tanker in a freestream, and including a fairing body with a roof section, and left and right side sections connected to and extending below the roof section. Fasteners, for example, mount the fairing body on a cab of the tanker so that the roof, left, and right side sections extend from the roof, left and right side surfaces, respectively, of the cab towards a cylindrical tank carried behind the cab to reduce the gap between the cab and the tank and impede cross-flow therethrough, and the fairing surfaces of the roof, left, and right side sections are angled and preferably curvilinearly contoured to redirect airflow from the top and side surfaces of the cab to the curvilinearly contoured top and side surfaces of the tank to compensate for a profile mismatch between the cab and the taller and/or wider tank. | 05-12-2011 |
| 20110108783 | MOLTEN SALT FUELS WITH HIGH PLUTONIUM SOLUBILITY - The present invention includes a composition of LiF—ThF | 05-12-2011 |
| 20110101376 | Optically-Initiated Silicon Carbide High Voltage Switch - An improved photoconductive switch having a SIC or other wide band gap substrate material, such as GaAs and field-grading liners composed of preferably SiN formed on the substrate adjacent the electrode perimeters or adjacent the substrate perimeters for grading the electric fields. | 05-05-2011 |
| 20110091004 | TRISO FUEL FOR HIGH BURN-UP NUCLEAR ENGINE - A fuel particle for use in a fusion-fission nuclear engine includes a fuel kernel and a buffer layer surrounding the fuel kernel. The fuel particle also includes a pyrolytic carbon layer surrounding the buffer layer and a silicon carbide layer surrounding the buffer layer. The silicon carbide is characterized by a stress less than 450 MPa at 95% burn-up. The fuel particle further includes a second pyrolytic carbon layer surrounding the silicon carbide layer. | 04-21-2011 |
| 20110079931 | METHODS FOR GLOBALLY TREATING SILICA OPTICS TO REDUCE OPTICAL DAMAGE - A method for preventing damage caused by high intensity light sources to optical components includes annealing the optical component for a predetermined period. Another method includes etching the optical component in an etchant including fluoride and bi-fluoride ions. The method also includes ultrasonically agitating the etching solution during the process followed by rinsing of the optical component in a rinse bath. | 04-07-2011 |
| 20110077872 | MICROCANTILEVER-BASED GAS SENSOR EMPLOYING TWO SIMULTANEOUS PHYSICAL SENSING MODES - According to one embodiment, a system for detecting and identifying gases includes a piezoresistive microcantilever transducer, wherein dissipation of heat from the piezoresistive microcantilever into one or more gases is measured by changes in an electrical resistance of the piezoresistor, a vibrating microcantilever transducer, wherein shifts are measured in resonant frequency of the vibrating microcantilever due to viscous damping thereof by the one or more gases, and a subsystem for correlating the measured resistance changes and the resonant frequency shifts to the one or more gases. In another embodiment, a method for detecting and identifying one or more gases includes determining dissipation of heat from a microcantilever into one or more gases, and determining shifts in resonant frequency of the microcantilever due to viscous damping thereof by the one or more gases. Other systems, methods, and computer program products are also described according to more embodiments. | 03-31-2011 |
| 20110070586 | Multiplex Detection Of Agricultural Pathogens - Described are kits and methods useful for detection of agricultural pathogens in a sample. Genomic sequence information from agricultural pathogens was analyzed to identify signature sequences, e.g., polynucleotide sequences useful for confirming the presence or absence of a pathogen in a sample. Primer and probe sets were designed and optimized for use in a PCR based, multiplexed Luminex assay and/or an array assay to successfully identify the presence or absence of pathogens in a sample. | 03-24-2011 |
| 20110058249 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COMPACT AND EFFICIENT HIGH ENERGY PULSED LASER AMPLIFIER - An optical amplifier system includes an input aperture operable to receive light propagating along an optical path in a first direction and a first polarizer disposed along the optical path. The first polarizer is operable to pass light having a polarization state aligned with a first polarization axis. The system also includes a first Pockels cell operable to receive light passing through the first polarizer, an optical gain element disposed along the optical path, a second Pockels cell disposed along the optical path, and a second polarizer disposed along the optical path. The second polarizer is operable to pass light having a polarization state aligned with the first polarization axis. The system further includes a first mirror operable to receive light reflected from the second polarizer, a second mirror operable to receive light reflected from the first polarizer, and an output aperture operable to transmit light passing through the second polarizer. | 03-10-2011 |
| 20110051759 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR POWERING AND COOLING SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS - A semiconductor laser system includes a diode laser tile. The diode laser tile includes a mounting fixture having a first side and a second side opposing the first side and an array of semiconductor laser pumps coupled to the first side of the mounting fixture. The semiconductor laser system also includes an electrical pulse generator thermally coupled to the diode bar and a cooling member thermally coupled to the diode bar and the electrical pulse generator. | 03-03-2011 |
| 20110043917 | DIFFRACTIVE LASER BEAM HOMOGENIZER INCLUDING A PHOTO-ACTIVE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME - A method of manufacturing a plurality of diffractive optical elements includes providing a partially transmissive slide, providing a first piece of PTR glass, and directing first UV radiation through the partially transmissive slide to impinge on the first piece of PTR glass. The method also includes exposing predetermined portions of the first piece of PTR glass to the first UV radiation and thermally treating the exposed first piece of PTR glass. The method further includes providing a second piece of PTR glass and directing second UV radiation through the thermally treated first piece of PTR glass to impinge on the second piece of PTR glass. The method additionally includes exposing predetermined portions of the second piece of PTR glass to the second UV radiation, thermally treating the exposed second piece of PTR glass, and repeating providing and processing of the second piece of PTR glass using additional pieces of PTR glass. | 02-24-2011 |
| 20110043900 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR HOMOGENIZING DIODE LASER PUMP ARRAYS - An optical amplifier system includes a diode pump array including a plurality of semiconductor diode laser bars disposed in an array configuration and characterized by a periodic distance between adjacent semiconductor diode laser bars. The periodic distance is measured in a first direction perpendicular to each of the plurality of semiconductor diode laser bars. The diode pump array provides a pump output propagating along an optical path and characterized by a first intensity profile measured as a function of the first direction and having a variation greater than 10%. The optical amplifier system also includes a diffractive optic disposed along the optical path. The diffractive optic includes a photo-thermo-refractive glass member. The optical amplifier system further includes an amplifier slab having an input face and position along the optical path and separated from the diffractive optic by a predetermined distance. A second intensity profile measured at the input face of the amplifier slab as a function of the first direction has a variation less than 10%. | 02-24-2011 |
| 20110043899 | SPATIAL FILTERS FOR HIGH AVERAGE POWER LASERS - A spatial filter includes a first filter element and a second filter element overlapping with the first filter element. The first filter element includes a first pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a first distance. Each of the first pair of cylindrical lenses has a first focal length. The first filter element also includes a first slit filter positioned between the first pair of cylindrical lenses. The second filter element includes a second pair of cylindrical lenses separated by a second distance. Each of the second pair of cylindrical lenses has a second focal length. The second filter element also includes a second slit filter positioned between the second pair of cylindrical lenses. | 02-24-2011 |
| 20110028071 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING OPTICAL ELEMENTS USING MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING - A method of finishing an optical element includes mounting the optical element in an optical mount having a plurality of fiducials overlapping with the optical element and obtaining a first metrology map for the optical element and the plurality of fiducials. The method also includes obtaining a second metrology map for the optical element without the plurality of fiducials, forming a difference map between the first metrology map and the second metrology map, and aligning the first metrology map and the second metrology map. The method further includes placing mathematical fiducials onto the second metrology map using the difference map to form a third metrology map and associating the third metrology map to the optical element. Moreover, the method includes mounting the optical element in the fixture in an MRF tool, positioning the optical element in the fixture; removing the plurality of fiducials, and finishing the optical element. | 02-03-2011 |
| 20110026105 | Dispersion Compensation in Chirped Pulse Amplification Systems - A chirped pulse amplification system includes a laser source providing an input laser pulse along an optical path. The input laser pulse is characterized by a first temporal duration. The system also includes a multi-pass pulse stretcher disposed along the optical path. The multi-pass pulse stretcher includes a first set of mirrors operable to receive input light in a first plane and output light in a second plane parallel to the first plane and a first diffraction grating. The pulse stretcher also includes a second set of mirrors operable to receive light diffracted from the first diffraction grating and a second diffraction grating. The pulse stretcher further includes a reflective element operable to reflect light diffracted from the second diffraction grating. The system further includes an amplifier, a pulse compressor, and a passive dispersion compensator disposed along the optical path. | 02-03-2011 |
| 20100332145 | Detecting Fission From Special Nuclear Material Sources - A neutron detector system for discriminating fissile material from non-fissile material wherein a digital data acquisition unit collects data at high rate, and in real-time processes large volumes of data directly into information that a first responder can use to discriminate materials. The system comprises counting neutrons from the unknown source and detecting excess grouped neutrons to identify fission in the unknown source. The system includes a graphing component that displays the plot of the neutron distribution from the unknown source over a Poisson distribution and a plot of neutrons due to background or environmental sources. The system further includes a known neutron source placed in proximity to the unknown source to actively interrogate the unknown source in order to accentuate differences in neutron emission from the unknown source from Poisson distributions and/or environmental sources. | 12-30-2010 |
| 20100311308 | Apparatus and Method for Deterministic Control of Surface Figure During Full Aperture Polishing - A polishing system configured to polish a lap includes a lap configured to contact a workpiece for polishing the workpiece; and a septum configured to contact the lap. The septum has an aperture formed therein. The radius of the aperture and radius the workpiece are substantially the same. The aperture and the workpiece have centers disposed at substantially the same radial distance from a center of the lap. The aperture is disposed along a first radial direction from the center of the lap, and the workpiece is disposed along a second radial direction from the center of the lap. The first and second radial directions may be opposite directions. | 12-09-2010 |
| 20100212133 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ASSEMBLING MINIATURIZED DEVICES - An apparatus for assembling a miniaturized device includes a manipulator system including six manipulators operable to position and orient components of the miniaturized device with submicron precision and micron-level accuracy. The manipulator system includes a first plurality of motorized axes, a second plurality of manual axes, and force and torque and sensors. Each of the six manipulators includes at least one translation stage, at least one rotation stage, tooling attached to the at least one translation stage or the at least one rotation stage, and an attachment mechanism disposed at a distal end of the tooling and operable to attach at least a portion of the miniaturized device to the tooling. The apparatus also includes an optical coordinate-measuring machine (OCMM) including a machine-vision system, a laser-based distance-measuring probe, and a touch probe. The apparatus also includes an operator control system coupled to the manipulator system and the OCMM. | 08-26-2010 |
| 20100184702 | Selective High-Affinity Polydentate Ligands and Methods of Making Such - This invention provides novel polydentate selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) that can be used in a variety of applications in a manner analogous to the use of antibodies. SHALs typically comprise a multiplicity of ligands that each bind different region son the target molecule. The ligands are joined directly or through a linker thereby forming a polydentate moiety that typically binds the target molecule with high selectivity and avidity. | 07-22-2010 |
| 20100060509 | MODEL-BASED TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION - A model-based approach to estimating wall positions for a building is developed and tested using simulated data. It borrows two techniques from geophysical inversion problems, layer stripping and stacking, and combines them with a model-based estimation algorithm that minimizes the mean-square error between the predicted signal and the data. The technique is designed to process multiple looks from an ultra wideband radar array. The processed signal is time-gated and each section processed to detect the presence of a wall and estimate its position, thickness, and material parameters. The floor plan of a building is determined by moving the array around the outside of the building. In this paper we describe how the stacking and layer stripping algorithms are combined and show the results from a simple numerical example of three parallel walls. | 03-11-2010 |
| 20100020319 | PORTABLE LASER SYNTHESIZER FOR HIGH-SPEED MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY - Portable, field-deployable laser synthesizer devices designed for multi-dimensional spectrometry and time-resolved and/or hyperspectral imaging include a coherent light source which simultaneously produces a very broad, energetic, discrete spectrum spanning through or within the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared wavelengths. The light output is spectrally resolved and each wavelength is delayed with respect to each other. A probe enables light delivery to a target. For multidimensional spectroscopy applications, the probe can collect the resulting emission and deliver this radiation to a time gated spectrometer for temporal and spectral analysis. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20090305229 | MULTIPLEX DETECTION OF RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS - Described are kits and methods useful for detection of respiratory pathogens (influenza A (including subtyping capability for H1, H3, H5 and H7 subtypes) influenza B, parainfluenza (type 2), respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus) in a sample. Genomic sequence information from the respiratory pathogens was analyzed to identify signature sequences, e.g., polynucleotide sequences useful for confirming the presence or absence of a pathogen in a sample. Primer and probe sets were designed and optimized for use in a PCR based, multiplexed Luminex assay to successfully identify the presence or absence of pathogens in a sample. | 12-10-2009 |
| 20090114835 | Absolute Nuclear Material Assay - A method of absolute nuclear material assay of an unknown source comprising counting neutrons from the unknown source and providing an absolute nuclear material assay utilizing a model to optimally compare to the measured count distributions. In one embodiment, the step of providing an absolute nuclear material assay comprises utilizing a random sampling of analytically computed fission chain distributions to generate a continuous time-evolving sequence of event-counts by spreading the fission chain distribution in time. | 05-07-2009 |
