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HANGZHOU H3C TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HANGZHOU H3C TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Patent applications
Patent application numberTitlePublished
20110252228METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENSURING PACKET TRANSMISSION SECURITY - An apparatus and method for ensuring distributed packet transmission security are provided. In an embodiment of the present invention, a main control board allocates SA information to multiple processing boards according to a pre-defined criterion, so that each processing board which receives and stores the SA information may implement IPSec processing. As such, the IPSec processing is shared by the multiple processing boards. Accordingly, when there are a large number of IPSec tunnels on one interface, the IPSec processing to the packets passing the IPSec tunnels will not completely rely on only the processing board where the interface is located. Instead, the IPSec processing is allocated to different processing boards. Therefore, the multiple processing boards effectively share the IPSec processing corresponding to multiple SAs. The efficiency of the IPSec processing is increased.10-13-2011
20110249674APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING PACKET - The present invention provides an apparatus and method for processing a packet. An interface processing module selects one from all service processing modules as a service processing module for processing a packet; if the service processing module needs to perform tunnel processing for the packet, the service processing module transmits the packet after performing the tunnel processing; if another service processing module needs to perform tunnel processing for the packet, the service processing module transmits the packet to a service processing module needing to perform tunnel processing for the packet. According to the present invention, the packet can be processed uniformly by the service processing module, so it is not unnecessary to store session states in the service processing modules, and also not unnecessary to perform synchronization between the service processing modules, which greatly decreases complexity of processing the packet and saves system bandwidth.10-13-2011
20110153584METHOD, SYSTEM, AND ENGINE DISPATCH FOR CONTENT SEARCH - The present invention discloses a method, system, and engine dispatch unit for content search, wherein the engine dispatch unit connects to at least a processor and two search engines, obtains objects from the processor(s), and selects search engines to perform content search according to the load of each search engine; the selected search engines perform content search for the objects according to preset matching rules. Solutions of the present invention can effectively improve content search performance.06-23-2011
20110106947Method and Apparatus for Dual Stack Access - The present invention discloses a method of dual stack access, wherein a network device authenticates the first protocol address of a requesting client, stores the user name, first protocol address, and address status information of the client in the user information table if the authentication succeeds, assigns a second protocol address to the client, stores this second protocol address and address status information in the user information table, generates control rules for the client according to its user information, and controls dual stack access of the client according to the rules. This invention provides effective authentication-based access control of dual stack users.05-05-2011
20110085584LONG-REACH ETHERNET SYSTEM AND RELAY - The present invention discloses a long-reach Ethernet system. The system includes a first Ethernet device and a second Ethernet device which communicate with each other, and a relay; wherein one of the first Ethernet device and the second Ethernet device is a conventional Ethernet device, and the other one of the first Ethernet device and the second Ethernet device is a conventional Ethernet device or a long-reach Ethernet device; the first Ethernet device and the second Ethernet device communicate with each other via the relay; and the relay is adapted to transform conventional Ethernet data into long-reach Ethernet data and transform long-reach Ethernet data into Ethernet data. The present invention can realize the communication of two Ethernet devices when at least one of the two Ethernet devices is a conventional Ethernet device and a working distance between them is longer than 100 meters.04-14-2011
20110040923DATA PACKET ACCESS CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF - A data packet access control apparatus and a data packet access control method are disclosed. RAM resources in a data packet processing chip are used to implement a Bypass FIFO. The Bypass FIFO is used as a first-level cache for small amount of data, and an external RAM of the data packet processing chip is used as a second-level cache for large amount of data. In this way, some data packets are read and written within the chip and not all data packets have to be read and written through the external RAM. A data packet reading/writing operation may be performed to the external RAM by a BANK interleave mode.02-17-2011
20110032948METHOD AND TRANSMISSION APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING DATA IN A COAX NETWORK - A method and apparatus for transmitting data in a coax network, a coax distribution network including an access point and a plurality of coaxial terminals connected to the access point through splitters, a same physical transmission channel is adopted for transmitting uplink data and downlink data between the access point and each coaxial terminal in the coax distribution network, the method including: Step S1: dividing an entire time duration of a physical transmission channel for transmitting information into time slices to constitute an uplink data transmission channel and a downlink data transmission channel; and Step S2: transmitting uplink data and downlink data between the Ethernet access point and each coaxial terminal at different time slices respectively. The present invention is based on a reconstruction of the Ethernet physical layer of the coax distribution network, where the uplink data and the downlink data are transmitted on the same physical transmission channel by adopting a time division multiplexing method, and MPCP protocol is adopted on the uplink for realizing a MAC layer communications between the Ethernet access point and the plurality of coaxial terminals.02-10-2011
20110022726METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRAFFIC FORWARDING IN A STACKING APPARATUS - Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and device for traffic forwarding in a stacking apparatus which includes multiple member devices. The method includes: obtaining, by a member device, a forwarding table size of each member device in the stacking apparatus; choosing a member device having the largest forwarding table as a proxy device when a forwarding table of another member device in the stacking apparatus is larger than that of the member device; transmitting all or part of to-be-forwarded traffic to the proxy device which performs traffic forwarding. According to the present invention, forwarding capability of member devices having larger forwarding tables is utilized for providing proxy forwarding for member device having smaller forwarding tables, so that forwarding sizes of the member devices having different forwarding table sizes in the stacking apparatus are unified and forwarding capabilities of the member devices in the stacking apparatus are fully used.01-27-2011
20110016243METHOD AND DEVICE OF LOAD-SHARING IN IRF STACK - The present invention provides a method and device of load-sharing in an IRF stack. The method includes: the Master device checking a congestion state of the main path, obtaining a path for forwarding service flow according the congestion state of the main path, where the path is the main path or a backup path, and forwarding the service flow to the egress device through the main path or the backup bath to implement the load-sharing in the IRF stack. In the embodiments of the present invention, by checking the congestion states of main path and the backup path in real-time, the load-sharing of the IRF stack is implemented. When new service flow is added, the data may be forwarded through another path, which can improve the efficiency of member devices in the IRF stack and solve the problem of forwarding bottleneck to which the member devices face.01-20-2011
20110013637Method, System and Gateway for Remotely Accessing MPLS VPN - A method, system and gateway for remotely accessing an MPLS VPN are provided. In the method, multiple virtual interfaces are established in an SSL VPN gateway, one virtual interface is bound with one VPN, different VPN users are differentiated according to authentication and authorization information of users, and the authentication and authorization information of the users is respectively bound with corresponding VPNs. When the SSL VPN gateway receives a packet sent by a user, an inner label and an outer label are added to the packet according to a VPN instance bound with the user; when receiving a response packet from a resource server, the SSL VPN gateway searches for a VPN instance according to the VPN label, and forwards the response packet to the user through the SSL connection according to the found VPN instance.01-20-2011
20110007670Stacking System and a Method for Switching Traffic in the Stacking System - The invention provides a stacking system and a method for traffic switching in the stacking system, comprising: when newly joined devices in the stacking system make the daisy chain topology change to ring topology, block a stack port of one of the newly joined devices; after the devices in the stacking system perform another topology convergence process, the master restores the configuration of the newly joined devices; after the configuration of the newly joined device one of whose stack ports is blocked is restored, it sets its blocked stack port to the forwarding state, calculates the shortest path based on the ring topology, and sends first notification packets for topology change from daisy chain type to ring type through its two stack ports; each device that receives the first notification packets re-calculates its shortest forwarding path respectively and switches the traffic, and then forwards the first notification packets. This invention can prevent traffic interruption that occurs when the topology of a stacking system changes from daisy chain to ring.01-13-2011
20100325677TV Network-Based Ethernet Data Transmission Method and Physical Layer Transmission Apparatus - Embodiments of the present invention provide a television, TV, network based Ethernet data transmission method and a physical layer, PHY, transmission apparatus. The method includes: determining in advance data transmission speed according to bidirectional frequency spectrum width reserved in a TV network; setting working speed of transmitting and receiving of a PHY transmission apparatus according to the determined data transmission speed to make the working speed match the data transmission speed; receiving and transmitting, by the PHY transmission apparatus, data with the transmission speed; performing, by the PHY transmission apparatus, speed matching for the data according to speed of a Media Access Control, MAC, layer interface; receiving and transmitting, by the MAC layer interface, the data after completing the speed matching. The PHY transmission apparatus includes: a transmitting unit, a receiving unit and a variable speed control unit.12-23-2010
20100322239 METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING PACKETS - The present invention discloses a packet processing method, which applies to a high-performance and scalable flow processing system architecture. The service board performs security processing for packets received from external devices by using the firewall function before sending them to the main CPU; similarly, the service board also performs security processing for packets sent from the main CPU by using the firewall function before the main CPU sends them to external devices. The methods of the present invention utilize high performance and good scalability of the new architecture. In a network with heavy and high-speed traffic, the service board performs security processing for packets by using the firewall function and then transmits the valid packets to the main CPU. Thus, the main CPU is protected by the firewall function against attack packets.12-23-2010
20100306466METHOD FOR IMPROVING DISK AVAILABILITY AND DISK ARRAY CONTROLLER - The present invention discloses a method for improving disk availability and a disk array controller. The method includes: determining, when detecting that part of tracks of a disk in a disk array is damaged, a first master data storage space in a damaged track; selecting an idle first backup data storage space from at least one back data storage space, establishing a corresponding relation between an address of a strip contained in the first master data storage space and an address of a strip contained in the first backup data storage space; and receiving an instruction for accessing the strip contained in the first master data storage space, finding the strip contained in the first backup data storage space according to an address of the strip in the instruction and the corresponding relation, and accessing the strip contained in the first backup data storage space.12-02-2010
20100299460BUFFER MANAGER AND BUFFER MANAGEMENT METHOD BASED ON ADDRESS POINTER LINKED LIST - Embodiments of the present invention provide a buffer manager and a buffer management method based on an address pointer linked list. In the embodiments, address pointers of all buffer blocks in a buffer are divided into several groups, lower bits of address pointers in each group are used to record a linked list between the address pointers in the same group, and an address pointer which is pointed by one predetermined address pointer of each group and is in a different group is further recorded to upbuild a linked list between the groups. Thereby, an address linked list can still be stored without a RAM with a width equal to a pointer depth and with a depth equal to the total number of buffer blocks in the buffer as required by the conventional art, which greatly reduces hardware resources required.11-25-2010
20100262819METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING MULTIPLE SERVICE PROCESSING FUNCTIONS - A multi-service processing method, including: configuring different cores of a multi-core processor to process different services; and sending received packets to the cores in the pre-defined service processing sequence. The multi-core processor apparatus, includes the configuration management unit, the packet distributing unit, and the multi-core processor. The method and apparatus can save investments in devices while implementing multiple service processing functions.10-14-2010
20100260181METHOD, PROGRAM, AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING CENTRALIZED CONTROL PLANE AND DISTRIBUTED DATA PLANE - The present invention discloses a method for implementing centralized control plane and distributed data plane and that comprises the following steps: the main control unit of the main board generates control information and delivers it to the adaptation layer of the main board; the adaptation layer of the main board transmits the control information to the adaptation layer of the service board(s); the adaptation layer of the service board(s) delivers the control information to the data plane and hardware engine of the service board(s). The present discloses a program and system for implementing centralized control plane and distributed data plane. The present invention provides a software architecture using an adaptation layer to implement centralized control plane and distributed data plane to ensure high performance and good scalability of the new architecture, reduce system complexity, and keep system simplicity and efficiency.10-14-2010
20100235496Method, System and Apparatus for Collecting Statistics of Characteristic Value with Threshold - A method for collecting statistics of a characteristic value with a threshold includes: determining, according to a total threshold for a characteristic value whose statistic is to be collected, at least one sub-threshold corresponding to at least one application processing apparatus participating in statistic-collection; issuing the at least one sub-threshold respectively to the at least one application processing apparatus, notifying the at least one application processing apparatus to enter into a distributed statistic-collecting state; after receiving from anyone of the at least one application processing apparatus a notification which indicates that a current statistic value of the characteristic value of the application processing apparatus reaches a sub-threshold corresponding to the application processing apparatus, notifying the at least one application processing apparatus to enter into a centralized statistic-collecting state to collect statistics of the characteristic value in a centralized mode.09-16-2010
20100195647METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PACKET PROCESSING - The present invention discloses a packet processing apparatus and method. The packet processing apparatus is applied to an L4˜L7 network device, including a plurality of interface processing units and a plurality of service processing units, the interface processing units are connected with the service processing units through a first connection unit; and each of the interface processing units is adapted to select, after receiving a packet from outside, a service processing unit from all the service processing units and transmit the packet to the selected service processing unit; and each of the service processing units is adapted to perform service processing to the packet after receiving the packet. The present invention improves packet processing capability and reliability of the L4˜L7 network device.08-05-2010
20100180342Method for Using Extended Security System, Extended Security System and Devices - Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for using an extended security system, including: configuring one of security processing devices in the extended security system as a primary security processing device and configuring other security processing devices as at least one secondary security processing device connected with the primary security processing device; the method further includes: when the extended security system receives an external packet, selecting, by the primary security processing device, a security processing device to process the received external packet, the selected security processing device being the primary security processing device or the secondary security processing device. The embodiments of the present invention also disclose an extended security system and a primary security processing device and secondary security processing devices. By data interaction between the security processing devices, resource sharing between the security processing devices can be implemented, thereby improving the performance of the extended security system.07-15-2010
20100146323METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING MULTIPLE ACTIVE DEVICES IN STACK - Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for detecting multiple Active devices in a stack. In the method, a new Active device generates a Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) packet when a stacking link is in failure, the LACP packet contains a bridge MAC address and a member number of the new Active device; the new Active device transmits the LACP packet to a stacking member through an access switch; and the stacking member detects collision of multiple Active devices according to the MAC address and the member number and enters a Recovery state. In the present invention, by containing the bridge MAC, the Active ID and the configuration dividing identifier in the extended field of the LACP packet, the collision of multiple Active devices in a distributed stack can be detected.06-10-2010
20100138612SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING CACHE SHARING - A system for implementing cache sharing includes a main control unit and a plurality of service processing units, and further includes a shared cache unit respectively connected with the main control unit and the service processing units for implementing high-speed data interaction among the service processing units. A method for cache sharing is also provided. In embodiments of the present invention, based on a reliable high-speed bus, a high-speed shared cache is provided. A mutual exclusion scheme is provided in the shared cache to ensure data consistency, which not only implements high-speed data sharing but also dramatically improves system performance.06-03-2010
20100104007METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VIDEO-STREAM FRAME RATE ADAPTATION, AND FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY CHIP AND VIDEO STREAM PROCESSING APPARATUS - This invention provides a method and device for video-stream frame rate adaptation. The method includes: allocating a buffer space for each of at least one video conference room respectively and dividing the buffer space into at least one segment, each segment of which is used for buffering a video frame; and performing following steps for each of the at least one video conference room: generating a pulse signal for the video conference room periodically according to a certain pulse rate; and performing a data writing operation for a segment of the corresponding buffer space at an input-video-stream frame rate of the video conference room, and performing a reading operation for a segment of the buffer space at an output-video-stream frame rate. This invention also provides an FPGA chip and a video stream processing apparatus. The invention simplifies frame rate adaptation design, and reduces system processing overhead during the frame rate adaptation.04-29-2010
20100076919METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PATTERN MATCHING - A method of pattern matching is provided, including: determining whether there is flow status information corresponding to a current pattern for a transmission flow to which a current segment belongs; if yes, performing pattern matching for the current segment by taking the flow status information as assistant information of the pattern matching; otherwise, creating the flow status information corresponding to the current pattern for the transmission flow and performing pattern matching for the current segment by taking the flow status information as assistant information of the pattern matching. An apparatus of pattern matching is also provided, including a flow status information configuration module and a pattern matching processing module. The solution of the present invention can avoid the defects caused by flow-reassembly.03-25-2010
20090290489METHOD OF BALANCING WIRELESS LOAD AND ACCESS CONTROLLER - The present invention discloses a method of balancing wireless load and an Access Controller (AC). The method includes: receiving by an Access Controller (AC) an association request of joining an Access Port (AP) sent by a Station (STA); calculating wireless load of the AP that the STA requests to join; determining whether one or more preset conditions are met, if the one or more present conditions are met, accepting the association request sent by the STA; otherwise, rejecting the association request sent by the STA. In the present invention, when an AP's wireless load is too large, STAs can be distributed to other APs, thereby optimizing load balance in the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).11-26-2009
20090290486Ring Network Routing Method and Ring Network Node - The present invention discloses a method for routing in a ring network, the ring network comprising multiple connected nodes, wherein, the method includes: each node in the ring network acquiring topology information of the ring network, obtaining under-ring routings learnt by the other nodes from a under-ring network, calculating a main path and a backup path to each routing according to the acquired topology information of the ring network, creating an FRR switch table, and switching between the main path and the backup path according to the FRR switch table when a failure occurs in the ring network. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a node in the ring network. Adopting technical scheme provided by the present invention, a simple routing implementation for ring network and fast convergence when a failure occurs can be provided.11-26-2009
20090274201ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER AND ETHERNET TRANSMISSION METHOD BASED ON COAX NETWORK - An Ethernet transceiver and an Ethernet transmission method are disclosed. The transceiver is adapted to detect the level amplitude of a received analog signal, adjust an amplification factor adaptively according to the detecting result to make the level amplitude of the received analog signal which has been amplified reach a same output level amplitude, perform an analog-to-digital conversion and a codec process, and transmit the signal to a MAC layer of the Ethernet. The transceiver is further adapted to amplify the level of a signal to be transmitted to a coax network and output the signal. The amplification factor is determined according to a maximum attenuation loss between coaxial terminals. In the present invention, an interaction between an Ethernet access point and a coaxial terminal and an interaction between coaxial terminals are carried out, which makes the CSMA/CD MAC layer of the Ethernet be adopted in an application environment of radio and television coax network.11-05-2009
20090274170Adaptation Apparatus and Adaptation Method for Ethernet Signal Transmission - The present invention provides an adaptation apparatus for Ethernet signal transmission, including: a differential/single-ended conversion unit, set between the coaxial cable network and the Ethernet physical layer chip, adapted to convert a to-be-transmitted signal of the Ethernet physical layer chip from differential signal into single-ended signal; a non-collinear/collinear conversion unit, set between the coaxial cable network and the Ethernet physical layer chip, adapted to convert the to-be-transmitted signal from non-collinear signal into collinear signal; and transmitting means for transmitting the converted to-be-transmitted signal to the coaxial cable network. The present invention also provides an adaptation method for Ethernet signal transmission. Through the present invention, communications between an Ethernet access point and coaxial cable terminals and communications between the coaxial cable terminals are enabled so that Ethernet signals can be transmitted in coaxial cable networks.11-05-2009
20090263981MIDPLANE OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE - A midplane of a communication device, includes the first connectors and the second connectors which connect with each other via high-speed traces, the first connectors arrange in parallel at one side of the midplane, the second connectors arrange in parallel at the other side of the midplane and in parallel with the first connectors. The wiring of high-speed traces between the first connectors and the second connectors can be disposed on the whole midplane, so that it avoids the high density of wiring in part of midplane, reduces the number of layers of the midplane and the complexity of design, and reduces the crosstalk in signals. And the cooling of the whole communication device can be accomplished by only one heat dissipation system, it reduces the complexity of design of the communication device. The area between each frames of the midplane is provided to allocate electrical power in the communication device with two or multiple frames, it reduces the costs of the communication device.10-22-2009
20090262643METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING INTERSECTING RING NETWORK WITH ARBITRARY TOPOLOGY, NODE AND INTERSECTING RING NETWORK - The present invention discloses a method for implementing an intersecting ring network with arbitrary topology, node and an intersecting ring network. The method includes: intersecting multiple Ethernet rings to form the intersecting ring network with arbitrary topology, each Ethernet ring in the intersecting ring network comprising a master node and multiple transmission nodes; the master node of each Ethernet ring opening its primary port and blocking its secondary port during initial normal operation; and the master node of each Ethernet ring in the intersecting ring network performing fault detection and fault processing as well as fault recovery detection and fault recovery processing by using one of the two manners containing protocol message interaction and detection on links directly connected to the master node.10-22-2009
20090196287Method and apparatus for forwarding data in Ethernet - The present invention provides a method for forwarding data in the Ethernet, an Ethernet physical layer cross apparatus, an Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) layer cross apparatus, an Ethernet IP layer cross apparatus and cross cascade systems. In the method of the present invention includes the following features: configuring cross relationships between network device interfaces; determining whether an interface has a cross relationship with other interfaces according to the cross relationships configured after receiving data from the interface; sending the data to an interface which has a cross relationship with the interface from which the data is received if the interface from which the data is received has a cross relationship with other interfaces; and proceeding with existing forwarding processing in each layer if the interface from which the data is received does not have a cross relationship with other interfaces. The solution of the present invention dramatically reduces workload of network devices in the Ethernet and improves forwarding performance of the network devices.08-06-2009
20090141716METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PACKET RULE MATCHING - This invention discloses method and apparatus for packet rule matching. The method includes: creating multiple levels of storage tables, storage table other than final-level storage table records corresponding relation between value index and value range number, and final-level storage table records corresponding relation between packet rule number and combination index formed by value range number; upon receiving packet, searching first-level storage table for value index corresponding to value of quintuple of the packet; searching next-level storage table according to value range number corresponding to found value index until penultimate-level storage table; searching final-level storage table for combination index identical to combination value formed by the value range number found in the penultimate-level storage table, and obtaining packet rule number corresponding to the found combination value; and taking packet rule corresponding to the obtained packet rule number as matched packet rule. This invention can increase the speed of packet rule matching.06-04-2009
20090138471METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING DATA CONTENT - A method for identifying data content comprises: establishing a character base which stores characters corresponding to various service applications and protocols; performing matching between contents of currently received data and the characters in the character base, and obtaining characters contained in the currently received data; identifying at least one of a service application and a protocol corresponding to the characters contained in the currently received data according to a mapping relation between characters and protocols as well as a mapping relation between characters and service applications. An apparatus for identifying data content is also disclosed. The technical scheme of the present invention can identify data content comprehensively and can be easily extended.05-28-2009
20090072621POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM, POWER CABLE DISTRIBUTOR, POWER SUPPLY SUBRACK AND INTEGRATED EQUIPMENT - A power supply system is provided, which includes a power supply subrack (PSS) and a power cable distributor (PCD). The PSS includes one or more power modules and a third connector (03-19-2009
20090043878VIRTUAL NETWORK STORAGE SYSTEM, NETWORK STORAGE DEVICE AND VIRTUAL METHOD - A virtual network storage system includes at least two network storage devices which connect to same SAN. At least one network storage device includes a device management unit for maintaining the mapping relationship between the global volume and the local volume of each network storage device, and for redirecting the access from the global volume to the network storage device which the global volume management unit of the global volume is located. At least one network storage device includes a global volume management unit for executing the access operation to the global volume according to the mapping relationship. A network storage device and virtual method are applied to the virtual network storage system. With the increasing of the network device, the ability of processing the access to the global volume is increased, and then the performance bottleneck caused by virtually operating to the network storage system.02-12-2009
20080294784Method for Synchronizing Connection State in Data Communication, and Communication Node Using the Same - The present invention discloses a method for synchronizing connection state in data communication, which includes: a node requests connection state information from an opposite node connected with it; and the node updates the local connection state according to the connection state information returned by the opposite node. The invention further discloses a communication node using the method. In the invention, by synchronizing the connection state information between a node that may be out of synchronization and its opposite node connected, the problem of connection state synchronization may be solved substantially, and synchronization may be recovered simply by holding the connection. Further, according to the embodiment of the invention, frequent connection state synchronization inside a high-availability system is no longer necessary, so that system bandwidth and processing capability may be saved, and the original connection may be recovered at any moment when an active/standby switching occurs.11-27-2008

Patent applications by HANGZHOU H3C TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.