| BP Corporation North America Inc. Patent applications |
| Patent application number | Title | Published |
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| 20120111570 | WELLBORE TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING HYDROPHILICALLY MODIFIED POLYMERS AND NONIONIC SURFACTANTS - The disclosed compositions and methods utilize hydrophilic polymers modified by the incorporation of one or more hydrophilic side groups. The polymers may exhibit physical association in solution at a specific temperature so as to provide a significant increase in viscosity at the specific temperature. The viscosity of such systems is substantially increased by the further inclusion of one or more hydrophilic components that may exhibit physical association in solution at one or more temperature trigger points and also associate with the one or more hydrophilic polymers modified by the incorporation of one or more hydrophilic side groups. | 05-10-2012 |
| 20120085555 | Hydrocarbon recovery process - Hydrocarbons are recovered from subterranean formations by waterflooding. The method comprises passing an aqueous displacement fluid via an injection well through a porous and permeable sandstone formation to release oil and recovering said released oil from a production well spaced from said injection well, wherein (a) the sandstone formation comprises at least one mineral having a negative zeta potential under the formation conditions; (b) oil and connate water are present in the pores of the formation; and (c) the fraction of the divalent cation content of the said aqueous displacement fluid to the divalent cation content of said connate water is less than 1. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120085544 | MARINE SUBSEA FREE-STANDING RISER SYSTEMS AND METHODS - A free-standing riser system connects a subsea source to a surface structure. The system includes a concentric free-standing riser comprising inner and outer risers defining an annulus there between. A lower end of the riser is fluidly coupled to the subsea source through a lower riser assembly (LRA) and one or more subsea flexible conduits. An upper end of the riser is connected to a buoyancy assembly and the surface structure through an upper riser assembly (URA) and one or more upper flexible conduits, the riser also mechanically connected to a buoyancy assembly that applies upward tension to the riser. The riser may be insulated for flow assurance, either by a flow assurance fluid in the annulus, insulation of the outside of the outer riser, or both. The system may include a hydrate inhibition system and/or a subsea dispersant system. The surface structure may be dynamically positioned. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120085276 | SUBSEA AUTONOMOUS DISPERSANT INJECTION SYSTEM AND METHODS - A system for autonomously supplying a chemical dispersant to a subsea hydrocarbon discharge site which comprises a subsea storage vessel configured to store the chemical dispersant subsea is described herein. The storage vessel includes a dispersant outlet in fluid communication with the subsea hydrocarbon discharge site. | 04-12-2012 |
| 20120073806 | LOW CUT WATER SAMPLING DEVICE - An apparatus for sampling well production fluids comprises a vessel having an inner chamber. In addition, the apparatus comprises a hydrocarbon fluids outlet conduit in fluid communication with the inner chamber. Further, the apparatus comprises a well fluids inlet conduit coaxially disposed within the hydrocarbon fluids outlet conduit and in fluid communication with the inner chamber. The well fluids inlet conduit has a first portion extending from the vessel and a second portion extending into the inner chamber. The second portion of the well fluids inlet conduit includes a plurality of openings configured to direct the well production fluids radially outward from the well fluids inlet conduit. Still further, the apparatus comprises a sample fluids outlet in fluid communication with the inner chamber. | 03-29-2012 |
| 20120056634 | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR SENSING CORROSION UNDER INSULATION (CUI) - A method of sensing corrosion of a pipe covered by a layer of insulation comprises positioning a CUI sensor radially adjacent an outer surface of the pipe. The CUI sensor comprises a non-conductive base having a first end and a second end opposite the first end. In addition, the CUI sensor comprises a first test circuit mounted to the base. The first test circuit includes a first conductor, a second conductor, and a first testing element extending between the first conductor and the second conductor. Further, the method comprises exposing the first testing element to the same environment as the outer surface of the pipe. Still further, the method comprises determining whether the first testing element has corroded through. Moreover, the method comprises assessing whether corrosion of the pipe has occurred based on the determination of whether the first testing element has corroded through. | 03-08-2012 |
| 20120033525 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MARINE WIDE AZIMUTH TOWED STREAM SEISMIC ACQUISITION - This is a method of acquiring marine wide azimuth towed streamer seismic data. Preferably, a recording boat which tows a plurality of seismic streamers and at least one source may be accompanied by a plurality of source boats that each tow at least one source. The source boats may preferably activate their respective sources such that the subsurface reflections generated by each source interfere. The time separation between successive shots may preferably be a random variable related to the lowest frequency of interest in the data. Additionally, the source boats may preferably be alternatively fired from the head and tail of the recording streamers. | 02-09-2012 |
| 20120012310 | APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR DEPLOYING EQUIPMENT AT A WELLSITE - A system for transporting and deploying a natural gas processing system comprises a base. In addition, the system comprises a plurality of natural gas processing units mounted to the base. Further, the system comprises a plurality of jacking units attached to the base and configured to raise and lower the base. Each jacking unit comprises a post, an upper lift member moveably coupled to the post, a lower lift member moveably coupled to the post, and a pair of actuators. Moreover, each actuator has an upper end coupled to the upper lift member and a lower end coupled to the lower lift member. | 01-19-2012 |
| 20120006745 | Methods and Systems for Producing Granules of Biomass in the Treatment of Wastewater - Methods and systems for the production of granules of biomass in the treatment of wastewater. Organic matter is removed from wastewater in an anaerobic zone and then in an aerobic zone. Waste activated sludge is transferred from the aerobic zone to the anaerobic zone and is used in the formation of granulated biomass in the anaerobic zone. Excess granulated biomass may be removed from the anaerobic zone. | 01-12-2012 |
| 20110297476 | MARINE MECHANICAL SEISMIC SOURCE - A marine seismic source comprises a housing having a central axis, an open end, and a closed end opposite the open end. In addition, the source comprises a piston coaxially disposed within the housing. In addition, the source comprises a flywheel disposed within the housing and axially positioned between the closed end and the piston. The flywheel is configured to rotate about a rotational axis. Further, the source comprises a connecting rod moveably coupling the piston to the flywheel. The connecting rod has a first end pivotally coupled to the piston and a second end pivotally coupled to the flywheel. The second end of the connecting rod has a first position at a first distance measured radially from the rotational axis, and a second position at a second distance measured radially from the rotational axis. The first distance is less than the second distance. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110297380 | SELECTIVE CONTROL OF CHARGING, FIRING, AMOUNT OF FORCE, AND/OR DIRECTION OF FORCE OF ONE OR MORE DOWNHOLE JARS - Methods of jarring include communicating between a surface command device and jars in a drill string, the drill string composed of spaced apart jars positioned in a corresponding plurality of wired and/or wireless pipe sections. The methods include selectively controlling charging, firing, amount of force, and/or direction of force of the jars using digitally-controlled surface command devices. One method includes firing a sub-set or all of the jars in a controlled manner and determining depth of a stuck drill string section through analysis of behavior or performance of the fired jars. Other methods include subsequently firing one or more of the jars again below the stuck drill string section. Other methods include selectively firing, using digital signals from the surface command device, jars sequenced in time so that their forces meet in a constructive or destructive manner at a preselected point in the drill string. | 12-08-2011 |
| 20110282123 | Alkene Oligomerization Process - Disclosed is a process for producing a hydrocarbon fraction rich in components boiling in the range typical for diesel fuel comprising contacting a feedstock comprising one or more C | 11-17-2011 |
| 20110273958 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF OCEAN BOTTOM SEISMOMETER POSITIONING AND TIMING - There is provided herein a system and method of seismic exploration that produces improved locations and timings for ocean bottom seismometers. The instant method utilizes linearized inversion in conjunction with a conventionally accurate clock to provide both time and positioning for each OBS unit with high accuracy as compared with the prior art approach. Inversion is one mathematical tool that effectively performs the requisite triangulation. Furthermore, the clock drift can be accounted for in the inversion scheme. The inversion not only determines the OBS position and shot timing errors, but also estimates the accuracy of the position and timing determination. | 11-10-2011 |
| 20110265773 | Composition and Method for Reducing NOx and Smoke Emissions From Diesel Engines at Minimum Fuel Consumption - A diesel fuel composition is disclosed, as well as a method for reducing NOx and smoke emissions from a diesel engine at minimum fuel consumption which comprises adding to the diesel engine at least one diesel fuel or blending component for a diesel fuel which has a combination of a low T50 in the range of from 190° C. to 280° C., a high cetane number in the range of from 31 to 60, and optionally a high distillation curve slope in the range of from 58° C. to 140° C., which combination is effective to afford a combination of the lowest NO | 11-03-2011 |
| 20110265662 | Using Carbon Dioxide Regulators to Extend the Shelf Life of Plastic Packaging - A method for replenishing carbon dioxide gas in a carbonated beverage container where a carbon dioxide regulator releases carbon dioxide at a rate approximately equal to the rate of carbon dioxide loss from said container. Also disclosed is packaging system for maintaining a consistent pressure of a carbonated beverage comprising a closure, a plastic container, and a carbon dioxide regulator. Also disclosed is a method for making a packaging system for maintaining a consistent pressure in a carbonated beverage comprising overmolding a perform around an assembly for a carbon dioxide regulator, or blending a carbon dioxide regulator into the plastic material used to form the body of a container for said carbonated beverage. Also, disclosed is carbon dioxide regulator composition for replenishing carbon dioxide gas in a carbonated beverage container comprising polymeric carbonates, organic carbonates, or materials that absorb and subsequently release carbon dioxide. | 11-03-2011 |
| 20110247879 | APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING GASES DURING CORING OPERATIONS - A method for detecting the presence of an acid gas in a formation fluid from a subterranean formation comprises (a) lowering a coring assembly into a wellbore. The coring assembly including an outer core barrel and an inner core barrel disposed within the outer core barrel. The inner core barrel has an upper end, a lower end opposite the upper end, and a core sample chamber extending axially from the lower end. In addition, the method comprises (b) capturing a core sample from the subterranean formation within the sample chamber. Further, the method comprises (c) raising the coring assembly to the surface after (b). Still further the method comprises (d) contacting a formation fluid in the sample chamber with at least one detector during (c). Moreover, the method comprises (e) detecting the presence of a formation acid gas in the formation fluid with the at least one detector during (c). | 10-13-2011 |
| 20110241897 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REAL TIME DATA TRANSMISSION DURING WELL COMPLETIONS - Presently, existing completion tools have not been designed to couple with wired drill pipe. As such, present completions operations and tools have not been able to take advantage of the expanded bandwidth in wire drill pipe. Instead of designing new completions tools with wired pipe connections, the disclosed system and methods propose use of a short-hop or wireless system to transmit data from a completions tool to an upper receiver module coupled to the wired drill pipe. Various measurements from the region around the completions tool may be transmitted from one or more lower wireless modules to the upper wireless module and then transmitted through the wired drill pipe to the surface. Likewise, signals may be transmitted from the surface through the wired drill pipe to the upper module and then to the lower wireless module. | 10-06-2011 |
| 20110228638 | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF 3D SALT FLANK VSP IMAGING WITH TRANSMITTED WAVES - According to a preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided herein a system and method for imaging complex subsurface geologic structures such as salt dome flanks using VSP data. In the preferred arrangement, a receiver wave field will be downward continued through a salt flood model and a source wave field will be upward continued through a sediment flood model until they “meet” at the subsurface locations of the VSP receivers. The source and receiver wave fields will be cross correlated as an imaging condition at each depth interval. | 09-22-2011 |
| 20110213556 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LOCAL ATTRIBUTE MATCHING IN SEISMIC PROCESSING - There is provided herein a New system arid method of local attribute match filtering which operates in the local attribute domain via the use of complex wavelet transform technology. This approach is adaptable to address various noise types in seismic data and, more particularly, is well suited to reduce the noise in geophone data as long as an associated hydrophone signal is relatively noise-free. | 09-01-2011 |
| 20110186302 | RIGLESS LOW VOLUME PUMP SYSTEM - A deliquification pump for deliquifying a well comprises a fluid end pump adapted to pump a fluid from a wellbore. In addition, the deliquification pump comprises a hydraulic pump adapted to drive the fluid end pump. The hydraulic pump includes a first internal pump chamber and a first pump assembly disposed in the first chamber. The first pump assembly includes a piston having a first end, a second end, and a throughbore extending between the first end and the second end. In addition, the first pump assembly includes a first wobble plate including a planar end face axially adjacent the second end of the piston and a slot extending axially through the first wobble plate. The first wobble plate is adapted to rotate about the central axis relative to the housing to axially reciprocate the piston and cyclically place the throughbore of the piston in fluid communication with the slot. | 08-04-2011 |
| 20110155378 | FOAM OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR DELIQUIFYING WELLS - Systems and methods for optimizing injection of a foaming composition into a well for deliquification are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the method generally comprise injecting a foaming composition into a well to deliquify the well. The method may further comprise measuring the foaming properties of the produced fluids from the well. In addition, the method may comprise correlating the foaming properties of the produced fluids to production rate and then adjusting the injection rate of the foaming composition in light of the results of the analysis. | 06-30-2011 |
| 20110146144 | Composition and Method for Reducing Friction in Internal Combustion Engines - A fuel composition comprising a combustible fuel, an effective friction reducing amount of at least one saturated C | 06-23-2011 |
| 20110146143 | Composition and Method for Reducing Friction in Internal Combustion Engines - A fuel composition comprising a combustible fuel, an effective friction reducing amount of at least one C | 06-23-2011 |
| 20110144356 | Flow reactors for chemical conversions with heterogeneous catalysts - Improved apparatus for use in process systems which include exothermic chemical conversions of organic compounds to value added products is disclosed, more particularly, flow reactors for exothermic chemical conversions using a fixed heterogeneous catalyst with means for control of the exotherm. Flow reactors of the invention comprise a plurality of walled conduits each having an outer surface disposed for contact with a heat-transfer medium, an inlet distribution manifold o adapted for flow communication with a downstream manifold through channels formed by heterogeneous catalytic material disposed within each conduit during operation in a sequence of zones for catalyst having the same or different length along the longitudinal coordinate of the conduit and within each zone essentially uniform cross-section of the conduit measured in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal coordinate thereby defining volume of the zone, and the sequence of zones comprising of at least two zones such that each downstream zone has a larger or smaller cross-section than the contiguous upstream zone. Another aspect of the invention includes processes which use such flow reactors, for example the continuous manufacture of maleic anhydride. | 06-16-2011 |
| 20110137088 | Methods and Apparatuses for Producing Renewable Materials From Inhibiting Compounds - Renewable materials made from inhibiting compounds. A method includes the step of consuming a fermentation inhibiting compound with a biological organism, and the step of producing a renewable material with the biological organism from at least a portion of the fermentation inhibiting compound. The methods may include a net balance of cofactor production and consumption. | 06-09-2011 |
| 20110129403 | Methods and Apparatuses for Manufacturing Cast Silicon From Seed Crystals - Methods and apparatuses are provided for casting silicon for photovoltaic cells and other applications. With these methods, an ingot can be grown that is low in carbon and whose crystal growth is controlled to increase the cross-sectional area of seeded material during casting. | 06-02-2011 |
| 20110103187 | MIGRATION-BASED ILLUMINATION DETERMINATION FOR AVA RISK ASSESSMENT - According to a preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided herein a system and method for extending zero-offset or stacked wave-equation illumination analysis into the angle-gather domain, where it becomes an appropriate tool for assessing the effects of complex overburden on AVA response. A preferred method for doing this involves first creating an angle gather that has a perfect AVA response (i.e. a constant amplitude as a function of angle). This gather is then preferably used as a reflectivity map that is fed into a demigration process which creates modeled data that by construction carries with it a completely flat reflectivity signature. Remigration of such a data set then results in a gather on which any amplitude variation is more likely to be a measure of illumination effects alone. The resulting AVA signature on the gather can then be used to assess the validity of the AVA response on modeled or actual data, resulting in a useful AVA risk analysis. | 05-05-2011 |
| 20110099979 | Composition and Method for Reducing NOx Emissions From Diesel Engines at Minimum Fuel Consumption - A diesel fuel composition is disclosed, as well as a method for reducing NOx emissions from a diesel engine at minimum fuel consumption wherein the diesel engine operates in a low temperature combustion mode, comprising the step of adding to the diesel engine at least one diesel fuel or blending component for a diesel fuel having a combination of a low T50 in the range of from 190° C. to 280° C., a high cetane number in the range of from 31 to 60, and an effective emissions reducing amount of a nitrogen-free cetane improver. | 05-05-2011 |
| 20110088744 | Photovoltaic Module Failure Detection Devices and Methods - Photovoltaic module failure detection devices and methods provide reliable, low cost, and effective solutions with visual indication of a temperature of diodes during installation, commissioning, operation, and/or maintenance. Indication of diode temperatures and/or detection of diode failures assures proper installation, improves output, expedites maintenance, increases safety, and/or raises reliability. A photovoltaic module for converting light into electricity includes one or more solar cells, and a transparent front sheet disposed over the one or more solar cells. The photovoltaic module includes a back sheet opposite the transparent front sheet, and one or more electrical circuits with one or more diodes connected to at least a portion of the one or more solar cells. The module includes one or more temperature indication devices in communication with at least a portion of the one or more diodes and disposed between the transparent front sheet and the back sheet. | 04-21-2011 |
| 20110085581 | Insulation Package for Use in High Temperature Furnaces - A high-temperature furnace for melting materials, e.g. silicon, wherein the furnace comprises a vessel having a wall which defines an inner chamber. A crucible containing the material to be melted is positioned inside of the chamber and heating means is arranged around the crucible. An insulation package is provided in the chamber for protecting the vessel wall from the heat generated by said heating means. Specifically, the package comprises a support ring of insulation mounted in the chamber, a sleeve of insulation supported on the ring and extending upward between the heating means and the vessel wall, a catch tray adapted to receive any material which may leak from the crucible during heating mounted through the support ring, and a top and a lower layer of insulation to thermally seal the crucible within the package during heating. | 04-14-2011 |
| 20110070602 | Methods and Apparatuses for Measuring Biological Processes Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy - This invention relates to methods and apparatuses for measuring biological processes using mid-infrared spectroscopy. The method includes the step of directing a mid-infrared signal into a sample of a biological process during a biologically active phase, and the step of detecting a sample spectrum from the mid-infrared signal to form a sample spectrum. The method includes the step of generating a reference spectrum through a reference media, and the step of combining the sample spectrum and the reference spectrum to form an adjusted sample spectrum. | 03-24-2011 |
| 20110068047 | Methods and Units for Mitigation of Carbon Oxides During Hydrotreating - This invention relates to methods and units for mitigation of carbon oxides during hydrotreating hydrocarbons including mineral oil based streams and biological oil based streams. A hydrotreating unit includes a first hydrotreating reactor for receiving a mineral oil based hydrocarbon stream and forming a first hydrotreated product stream, and a second hydrotreating reactor for receiving a biological oil based hydrocarbon stream and forming a second hydrotreated product stream. | 03-24-2011 |
| 20110067306 | Processes and Apparatuses for Reducing Pollutants and Producing Syngas - This invention relates to processes and apparatuses for reducing pollutants and/or producing syngas. The process includes the step of reacting a first stream with at least one sulfur compound to form a second stream with carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and a reduced amount of the at least one sulfur compound, and the step of recovering elemental sulfur from a portion of the second stream to form a third steam with the at least one sulfur compound, carbon dioxide, and a reduced amount of hydrogen sulfide. The process includes the step of directing at least a portion of the third stream to form a portion of the first stream. | 03-24-2011 |
| 20110061872 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CIRCULATING OUT A WELL BORE INFLUX IN A DUAL GRADIENT ENVIRONMENT - Methods and systems for drilling subsea wells bores with dual-gradient mud systems include drilling the subsea well bore while employing a subsea pumping system, a subsea choke manifold and one or more mud return risers to implement the dual gradient mud system. When a well bore influx is detected, the well bore is shut in, and components determine if pressure control may be used to circulate the influx out of the well bore, the size of the influx, and how much the mud system weight will need to be reduced to match the dual gradient hydrostatic head before the influx reaches the subsea pump take point. The subsea pumping system, subsea choke manifold, and mud risers are isolated while the influx is circulated up one or more fluid passages in the drilling riser package using the surface pump, through the wellhead, and out the surface choke manifold. | 03-17-2011 |
| 20110040536 | RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE AND CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS - An interactive system and method of operating the system to define and evaluate a model of a hydrocarbon reservoir. The reservoir model is defined from extrinsic information such as seismic surveys, well logs, and the like, and is based on elements of formation regions, connections among the regions, wells, and perforations. A boundary-element method is used to determine pressure interference responses, corresponding to the pressure at a perforation in response to a single perforation producing fluid at a unit flow rate. These pressure interference responses are then convolved with measured well flow rates obtained during production to arrive at estimates of the wellbore pressure at one or more wells of interest. The estimated wellbore pressure can be compared with downhole pressure measurements to validate the reservoir model, or to provoke the user into modifying the model and repeating the evaluation of the model. | 02-17-2011 |
| 20110036588 | Systems and Methods for Running Casing Into Wells Drilled with Dual-Gradient Mud Systems - Systems and methods for running and cementing casing into wells drilled with dual-gradient mud systems include running casing through a subsea wellhead connected to a marine riser, the casing having an auto-fill float collar, and connecting a landing string to the last casing run. The landing string includes a surface-controlled valve (SCV) and a surface-controlled ported circulating sub (PCS). The SCV and PCS are manipulated as needed when running casing, washing it down while preventing u-tubing on connections and prior to cementing to displace mixed density mud from the landing string and replace it with heavy-density mud prior to circulating below the mudline thus maintaining the dual gradient effect. | 02-17-2011 |
| 20110033238 | Greenhouse Gas Reservoir Systems and Processes of Sequestering Greenhouse Gases - This invention relates to greenhouse gas reservoir systems and processes of storing and/or sequestering greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gas reservoir system includes a shale layer for containment of greenhouse gas and the shale layer has a vertical permeability of less than about 0.1 millidarcies. The greenhouse gas reservoir system includes a sandstone layer disposed at least partially below the shale layer and the sandstone layer delivers the greenhouse gas into the shale layer. The system includes a borehole for injection of the greenhouse gas into the sandstone layer. | 02-10-2011 |
| 20110011094 | METHOD OF RECOVERING ENERGY FROM A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT FOR OVERALL CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION - In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of recovering energy from a FCC unit having a reactor and a regenerator for overall CO | 01-20-2011 |
| 20110006008 | Apparatus and Process for the Separation of Solids and Liquids - A filter column apparatus comprising a filtration zone and a reslurry zone. These zones are separated by a barrier wall or are in substantial cooperation with each other. Also disclosed is a process for separating at least a portion of at least one substantially solid component from a solid-liquid stream comprising the substantially solid component and at least one substantially liquid component. Also disclosed is a process for forming a substantially solids containing packed bed. Also disclosed is a process for purifying paraxylene in a filtration zone. | 01-13-2011 |
| 20110005968 | Coking Process Additives and Related Processes - This invention relates to coking process additives and, related processes, such as upgrading heavy hydrocarbons, producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products, and/or thermally cracking heavy hydrocarbons. The additive includes an anionic clay to increase a liquid product yield. Suitable anionic clays may include hydrotalcite materials and hydrotalcite-like materials. | 01-13-2011 |
| 20100331560 | LIGNIN SORBENT, LIGNIN REMOVAL UNIT, BIOREFINERY, PROCESS FOR REMOVING LIGNIN, PROCESS FOR BINDING LIGNIN AND RENEWABLE MATERIAL - This invention relates to a lignin sorbent, a lignin removal unit, a biorefinery, a process for removing lignin, a process for binding lignin, and a renewable material. The lignin sorbent includes a substrate, and a lignin binding material dispersed with respect to the substrate. The lignin binding process includes the step of adding a lignin binding material to an input stream, and the step of converting the input stream into a renewable material. | 12-30-2010 |
| 20100326880 | Hydrocarbon Conversion Process Additive and Related Processes - This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process additive and related processes, such as upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon material and making sponge coke. The hydrocarbon conversion process additive works with thermal processes, catalytic processes, or thermal-catalytic processes. The hydrocarbon process conversion additive includes lignin or macromolecular substructures of lignin like para-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, or sinapyl alcohol. | 12-30-2010 |
| 20100326651 | ISOTOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCTION BY INDIVIDUAL FORMATIONS IN COMMINGLED GAS WELLS - A computer system and computerized method for allocating production among multiple formations produced by a hydrocarbon well, using isotopic concentration analysis. According to an aspect of the system and method, multiple single-formation isotopic concentration measurements of multiple hydrocarbon gases are taken from each formation. Within each formation, groups of similar isotopic concentration values are defined, and are mapped to geographic regions of the formations. Mixing equations are developed between regions of the different formations, for use in allocating production for a well intersecting those regions. According to another aspect of the system and method, allocation among three or more formations is performed using Monte Carlo analysis of an underspecified mixing equation, and at a measured isotopic concentration value for the commingled flow from the well. | 12-30-2010 |
| 20100300533 | PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE WITH A POLYMERIC MAT AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME - This invention relates to a photovoltaic device with a polymeric mat and a method of making a photovoltaic device with a polymeric mat. The photovoltaic device includes a transparent layer for receiving solar energy, and at least one photovoltaic cell disposed below the transparent layer. The photovoltaic device also includes a polymeric mat disposed below the at least one photovoltaic cell, and a backsheet disposed below the polymeric mat. The photovoltaic device also includes an encapsulant bonding the transparent layer, the at least one photovoltaic cell, the polymeric mat, and the backsheet. | 12-02-2010 |
| 20100299070 | METHOD FOR SEPARATING INDEPENDENT SIMULTANEOUS SOURCES - This is a method of separating simultaneous sources that uses an inversion-type approach. Each source will preferably activated at a random time with respect to the others. These random delays tend to make the interference between sources incoherent while the reflections create coherent events within a series of shots. The shot separation is performed via a numerical inversion process that utilizes the sweeps for each shot, the start times of each shot, and the coherence of reflection events between nearby shots. Implementation of this method will allow seismic surveys to be acquired faster and cheaper. | 11-25-2010 |
| 20100294506 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DELIQUIFYING A COMMINGLED WELL USING NATURAL WELL PRESSURE - A method for removing fluids from a commingled well comprises positioning a fluid removal system in the well. In addition, the method comprises sealing a first formation from a second formation, shutting in the annulus, and closing off an inner flow passage of a tubing string. Further, the method comprises allowing the pressure of the first and second production zones to build up naturally. Still further, the method comprises flowing a fluid from the first production zone through a first of a plurality of check valves into the inner flow passage, and flowing a fluid from the second production zone through a second of the plurality of check valves into the inner flow passage. Moreover, the method comprises re-opening the inner flow passage of the tubing string and lifting the fluid in the inner flow passage to the surface. | 11-25-2010 |
| 20100286422 | ENZYME RECOVERY SORBENT, ENZYME RECOVERY UNIT, LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOREFINERY, PROCESS FOR RECYCLING ENZYMES, AND RENEWABLE MATERIAL - This invention relates to an enzyme recovery sorbent, an enzyme recovery unit, a lignocellulosic biorefinery, a process for recycling enzymes, and a renewable material. The invention includes a lytic enzyme recovery sorbent suitable for use in production of renewable materials. The sorbent includes a substrate, and an enzyme binding material dispersed with respect to the substrate. | 11-11-2010 |
| 20100282470 | METHODS OF INCREASING FRACTURE RESISTANCE IN LOW PERMEABILITY FORMATIONS - A method of increasing the fracture resistance of a low permeability formation that includes emplacing a wellbore fluid in a wellbore through the low permeability formation, the wellbore fluid comprising: a settable carrier fluid; and a solid particulate bridging material; increasing the pressure in the wellbore such that fractures are formed in the formation; allowing the settable carrier fluid to enter the fractures; bridging and sealing the mouths of the fractures to form a substantially impermeable bridge proximate the mouth of the fractures thereby strengthening the formation; and holding the increased pressure for an amount of time sufficient for setting of the carrier fluid in the fractures is disclosed. | 11-11-2010 |
| 20100281763 | Unit, Method, And Renewable Material - This invention relates to a unit, a method, and a renewable material. The unit for producing renewable materials includes a decarboxylation apparatus for converting a ketoacid stream into a ketone stream, and a hydrogenation apparatus for converting the ketone stream and a hydrogen stream into an alcohol stream. The method for producing renewable materials includes the step of converting a ketoacid stream into a ketone stream in a decarboxylation apparatus, and the step of converting the ketone stream and a hydrogen stream into an alcohol stream in a hydrogenation apparatus. | 11-11-2010 |
| 20100276620 | DOUBLE PISTON TRUNNION MOUNTED BALL VALVES AND METHODS OF USE - Disclosed are a method and a ball valve structure which provide for an improved seal in a trunnion mounted, double piston ball valve, which is especially useful in applications requiring a seal against high pressures, such as in the oil, gas and chemical process industries. Higher pressures on an inlet side of the valve are used, while the valve moves toward and is maintained in a valve closed position, to create movement of a ball element of the valve so as to bias the ball element against both piston seat elements (or rings) used to create the seals. This movement of the ball element thereby effectively uses such upstream pressure to create and enhance a seal between the ball element and both piston seat elements while in the valve closed position. | 11-04-2010 |
| 20100265985 | Insulation Package For Use In High Temperature Furnaces - A high-temperature furnace for melting materials, e.g. silicon, wherein the furnace comprises a vessel having a wall which defines an inner chamber. A crucible containing the material to be melted is positioned inside of the chamber and heating means is arranged around the crucible. An insulation package is provided in the chamber for protecting the vessel wall from the heat generated by said heating means. Specifically, the package comprises a support ring of insulation mounted in the chamber, a sleeve of insulation supported on the ring and extending upward between the heating means and the vessel wall, a catch tray adapted to receive any material which may leak from the crucible during heating mounted through the support ring, and a top and a lower layer of insulation to thermally seal the crucible within the package during heating. | 10-21-2010 |
| 20100258303 | ANNULUS MUD FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING AND USE THEREOF TO DETECT WELL DYSFUNCTION - Methods and apparatus are described that combine a measurement of the physical velocity of material within the annulus of a well between the drill pipe and the wall of the well with a measurement of the area of the flow as determined from a measurement of distance between the drill pipe and the wall of the hole to determine the actual material volumetric flow rate. Changes in volumetric flow rate at one or more points along the well can be used to determine the occurrence and location of well dysfunctions. This knowledge can then be used to make decisions about treating well dysfunctions which will lead to more efficient use of drilling rig time. | 10-14-2010 |
| 20100251608 | Process, Plant, and Biofuel From Lognocellulosic Feedstock - This invention relates to a process and a plant for biofuel production, such as with biogasoline and/or biodiesel. The process includes the step of depolymerizing lignocellulosic material to form pentose and a remainder. The process also includes the step of converting the pentose to a biofuel material and using the remainder for generation of power or further downstream conversion. | 10-07-2010 |
| 20100243052 | Sealed Photovoltaic Modules - A sealed photovoltaic module comprising: a first substrate, a second substrate, at least one photovoltaic element positioned between the first and second substrates, and an edge seal between the first and second substrates positioned at or near an edge of and between the substrates, the edge seal comprising a moisture resistive material. | 09-30-2010 |
| 20100243041 | Apparatus and Method for Solar Cells with Laser Fired Contacts in Thermally Diffused Doped Regions - This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for solar cells with laser fired contacts in thermally diffused doped regions. The cell includes a doped wafer and a plurality of first highly doped regions having a first conductivity type. The cell also includes a plurality of second highly doped regions having an opposite conductivity type from the first conductivity type and a passivation layer disposed over at least a portion of each the plurality of first highly doped regions and the plurality of second highly doped regions. The cell also includes a network of conductors having a first conductor and a second conductor, and a plurality of contacts electrically connecting the first highly doped regions with the first conductor and electrically connecting the second highly doped regions with the second conductor. | 09-30-2010 |
| 20100236330 | DRY-COUPLED PERMANENTLY INSTALLED ULTRASONIC SENSOR LINEAR ARRAY - This invention relates to permanent, ultrasonic, flexible, dry-coupled, linear arrays for the inspection of pipelines, process equipment, and the like. The permanent, ultrasonic, flexible, dry-coupled, linear arrays detect and/or measure corrosion wall loss, stress corrosion cracking, and/or internal initiated pipeline cracking. The apparatus for ultrasonically testing materials includes a linear array of ultrasonic sensors, and a flexible, acoustically transmissive, dry-coupling surrounding at least a portion of each of the ultrasonic sensors. | 09-23-2010 |
| 20100223988 | Apparatus And Method For A Wireless Sensor To Monitor Barrier System Integrity - This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for a wireless sensor to monitor barrier system integrity, such as used or employed during sequestration of greenhouse gases. This invention includes an apparatus for integrity monitoring of a borehole suitable for sequestration of greenhouse gases. The apparatus includes one or more sensors for placement outside of a casing to monitor a borehole, and a tool for movement within the casing to power and interrogate the one or more sensors. This invention also includes a method for monitoring integrity of a borehole suitable for sequestration of greenhouse gases or other types of well. The method includes the step of disposing one or more sensors outside a casing and the step of powering the one or more sensors with a tool inside the casing. The method also includes the step of interrogating the one or more sensors with the tool to monitor an engineered borehole and/or a natural caprock seal. | 09-09-2010 |
| 20100193989 | Methods Apparatus for Manufacturing Geometric Multi-Crystalline Cast Materials - Methods are provided for casting one or more of a semi-conductor, an oxide, and an intermetallic material. With such methods, a cast body of a geometrically ordered multi-crystalline form of the one or more of a semiconductor, an oxide, and an intermetallic material may be formed that is free or substantially free of radially-distributed impurities and defects and having at least two dimensions that are each at least about 10 cm. | 08-05-2010 |
| 20100193664 | Seed Layers and Process of Manufacturing Seed Layers - This invention relates seed layers and a process of manufacturing seed layers for casting silicon suitable for use in solar cells or solar modules. The process includes the step of positioning tiles with aligned edges to form seams on a suitable surface, and the step of joining the tiles at the seams to form a seed layer. The step of joining includes heating the tiles to melt at least a portion of the tiles, contacting the tiles at both ends of at least one seam with electrodes, using plasma deposition of amorphous silicon, applying photons to melt a portion of the tiles, and/or layer deposition. Seed layers of this invention include a rectilinear shape of at least about 500 millimeters in width and length. | 08-05-2010 |
| 20100193031 | Methods and Apparatuses for Manufacturing Cast Silicon From Seed Crystals - Methods and apparatuses are provided for casting silicon for photovoltaic cells and other applications. With such methods and apparatuses, a cast body of monocrystalline or bi-crystal silicon may be formed that is free of, or substantially free of, radially-distributed impurities and defects and having at least two dimensions that are each at least about 35 cm is provided. | 08-05-2010 |
| 20100192838 | Methods for Manufacturing Monocrystalline or Near-Monocrystalline Cast Materials - Methods are provided for casting one or more of a semiconductor, an oxide, and an intermetallic material. With such methods, a cast body of a monocrystalline form of the one or more of a semiconductor, an oxide, and an intermetallic material may be formed that is free of, or substantially free of, radially-distributed impurities and defects and having at least two dimensions that are each at least about 35 cm. | 08-05-2010 |
| 20100181079 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CEMENTING A LINER IN A BOREHOLE USING A TUBULAR MEMBER HAVING AN OBSTRUCTION - A method and apparatus are disclosed for cementing a liner in place in an open borehole using a tubular member having at least one obstruction in the tubular member to pass the cement into the liner and through the liner into an annular space surrounding the liner to position the liner in the open borehole. | 07-22-2010 |
| 20100175896 | CATALYTIC OIL RECOVERY - Methods and compositions for catalytic heavy oil recovery are disclosed herein. The disclosed methods utilize novel colloidal catalysts, which may catalyze hydrogenation reactions in heavy oil deposits. These colloidal catalysts are dispersible in liquid dispersants, which are also injected into the reservoir. Embodiments of the disclosed method enable the distribution of catalytic particles throughout portions or all of the reservoir. The H | 07-15-2010 |
| 20100167965 | Amphiphobic Proppant - Methods and compositions for forming a hydraulic fracture are disclosed herein. The methods and compositions make use of novel amphiphobic proppants. The amphiphobic properties of the disclosed proppant compositions provide several advantages over existing solutions. The hydrophobic nature of the proppant enhances recovery of fracture fluid from the fracture as well as prevents liquid build-up with the fracture. Additionally, the lipophobic nature of the proppant may enhance production of hydrocarbons from the fracture. | 07-01-2010 |
| 20100163239 | APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR INSPECTING AND CLEANING SUBSEA FLEX JOINTS - A remotely operated device for inspecting and/or cleaning a subsea flexible pipe joint comprises a support assembly. In addition, the device comprises a tool positioning assembly coupled to the support assembly. The tool positioning assembly includes a rotating member disposed about a central axis. The tool positioning assembly is rotatable relative to the support assembly about the central axis. Further, the device comprises a cleaning assembly including a cleaning device adapted to clean the flexible pipe joint. The cleaning device is axially moveable relative to the rotating member. Still further, the device comprises a clamping assembly coupled to the support assembly. The clamping assembly has an open position disengaged with the section of the flexible pipe joint and a closed position engaging the section of the flexible pipe joint. | 07-01-2010 |
| 20100152496 | Process, Plant And Butanol From Lignocellulosic Feedstock - This invention relates to a process, a plant, and butanol made of or derived from lignocellulosic feedstock. The process includes the step of depolymerizing lignocellulosic material to form pentose and a remainder. The process also includes the step of converting the pentose to butanol material and using the remainder for generation of power or further downstream conversion. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100148403 | Systems and Methods For Manufacturing Cast Silicon - Apparatus and methods are provided for manufacturing cast silicon. The systems and methods include a plurality of inductive coils configured to form a space to contain molten silicon, and configured to generate an electromagnetic field when an electrical current is supplied to the inductive coils to support the molten silicon so that a gap is maintained in a portion of the space between at least one substantially vertical wall of the molten silicon and at least one of the inductive coils, and when a portion of the molten silicon solidifies into a solid silicon ingot as the molten silicon is cooled by the cooling device, a concave liquid/solid interface is formed between the molten silicon and the solid silicon ingot. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100147528 | Riser Centralizer System (RCS) - In an offshore drilling facility, apparatus is disclosed comprising: a drilling floor centralizer for receiving the upper end of a string of drilling riser sections; a moonpool centralizer for receiving another portion of the drilling riser; and at least one roto-track, removably and rotationally carried by at least one of the pin end of one drilling riser section and the box end of the adjacent drilling riser section, for extending the outer diameter of each of the adjacent ends to the outer diameter of the adjacent drilling risers sections intermediate the ends of the drilling riser sections. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100146844 | Process, Plant And Biofuel From Lignocellulosic Feedstock - This invention relates to a process and a plant for biofuel production, such as with biogasoline and/or biodiesel. The process includes the step of depolymerizing lignocellulosic material to form pentose and a remainder. The process also includes the step of converting the pentose to a biofuel material and using the remainder for generation of power or further downstream conversion. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100146843 | Process, Plant And Biofuel For Integrated Biofuel Production - This invention relates to a process, a plant, and a biofuel for integrated biofuel production, such as with butanol, biodiesel, and/or sugar product. The integrated process includes the step of removing hexose from a feedstock to form a lignocellulosic material. The process also includes the step of converting the hexose to butanol and/or a biodiesel material, and the step of depolymerizing lignocellulosic material to form pentose and a residue. The process also includes the step of converting the pentose to butanol and/or a biodiesel material. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100146842 | PROCESS, PLANT AND BIOFUEL FOR INTEGRATED BIOFUEL PRODUCTION - This invention relates to a process, a plant, and a biofuel for integrated biofuel production, such as with biogasoline, biodiesel, and/or sugar product. The integrated process includes the step of removing hexose from a feedstock to form a lignocellulosic material. The process also includes the step of converting the hexose to a biogasoline and/or a biodiesel material, and the step of depolymerizing lignocellulosic material to form pentose and a residue. The process also includes the step of converting the pentose to a biogasoline and/or a biodiesel material. | 06-17-2010 |
| 20100145094 | Process and Catalyst for Oxidizing Aromatic Compounds - Catalytic compositions for conversion of substituted aromatic feed materials to oxidized products comprising aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives of the substituted aromatic feed materials comprise solid particles comprising palladium in combination with at least one of antimony, bismuth and gold, and optionally, an additional metal or metalloid component effective to promote activity or selectivity of the palladium and antimony, bismuth or gold for oxidation to aromatic carboxylic acids. A process for oxidizing substituted aromatic feed materials comprises contacting the feed material with oxygen in the presence of such catalytic compositions in a liquid reaction mixture. | 06-10-2010 |
| 20100140558 | Apparatus and Method of Use for a Top-Down Directional Solidification System - This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of use for a top-down directional solidification system, such as for casting solar grade silicon. The invention includes a vessel with a pressure relieving device to prevent pressure build up in the liquid as the solidification front advances from a downward direction. The invention also includes a drain to remove impurities, such as the concentration in the remaining liquid phase as casting nears completion. | 06-10-2010 |
| 20100134260 | Method of Tracking Items Using RFID - Methods for accounting for an managing inventory and accounting for goods is disclosed. An RFID tag in the form of an RFID inlay is placed in the interior of a carton, pallet or other container for shipping or storing items. RFID readers can be used to elicit identification information from the RFID inlay within a carton. Such method reduces waste paper and cost. The rate of application of the RFID tag can also be increased using the disclosed methods. Reliability of reading information from the RFID inlay within a carton is improved in comparison to traditional slap and ship RFID labels. | 06-03-2010 |
| 20100133833 | ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION FOR DOWNHOLE EXPLORATION OR PRODUCTION DEVICES - A method and system for generating electrical power in a downhole well is disclosed. In an embodiment, the electrical power is generated by the rotational motion of a downhole tool and enables the charging or recharging of batteries in downhole sensors or sensors in other remote locations, such as in a water column. Magnets are arranged in a manner to provide a rotating magnetic field and are then coupled or attached to the rod/rotor assembly in close proximity to the rotating tool. By utilizing the rotational energy of a tool that uses or causes rotational motion during operations in conjunction with the windings of an electrical conductor and power conditioning circuitry, the rotation of the magnets induces an electrical current in the electrical conductor and power conditioning circuitry that can then be used to directly charge a tool and/or to instead charge or recharge the batteries that power the downhole or below-surface sensor. | 06-03-2010 |
| 20100113310 | ELASTIC HOLLOW PARTICLES FOR ANNULAR PRESSURE BUILDUP MITIGATION - The concept involves placing within the annulus, hollow particles that possess material and geometric properties such that the hollow particles buckle at or near a defined pressure. Buckling of the particles increases the available volume within the annulus, thereby decreasing the annular pressure. The elastic hollow particles are designed such that they buckle in a sufficiently elastic manner to allow them to rebound towards their original shape as the pressure decreases. The rebounded particles then remain available to mitigate subsequent instances of APB. | 05-06-2010 |
| 20100101798 | DOWNHOLE SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DELIQUIFACTION OF A WELLBORE - A downhole assembly for deliquifying a wellbore. In an embodiment, the assembly comprises a nozzle section including a converging nozzle and a diverging nozzle in fluid communication with the converging nozzle. In addition, the assembly comprises a throat section including a convergent throat passage proximal the diverging nozzle and a cylindrical throat passage distal the diverging nozzle and extending axially from the convergent throat passage. The convergent throat passage and the cylindrical throat passage are in fluid communication with the diverging nozzle. Further, the assembly comprises a diffuser section coaxially aligned with the throat section. The diffuser section includes a divergent diffuser passage extending axially from the straight throat passage. | 04-29-2010 |
| 20100089573 | METHOD FOR RECOVERING HEAVY/VISCOUS OILS FROM A SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION - Disclosed are methods for improving the production of heavy/viscous crude oil from subterranean formations comprising secondary production through use of a displacement fluid (typically a waterflood) wherein the subterranean formation is subjected to cyclic periods of overinjection of the displacement fluid followed by underinjection of the displacement fluid, but keeping the overall cumulative voidage replacement ratio (VRR) within a defined range, typically targeted to be about 1. In some aspects, the initial production of such heavy/viscous crude oil is limited, if possible, followed this cyclic secondary production methodology. By keeping the initial production, VRR, and cumulative VRR in defined ranges, the expected ultimate recovery (EUR) can be optimized, and overall production increased for example by as much as 100% or more relative to conventional production methods. | 04-15-2010 |
| 20100084009 | Solar Cells - A photovoltaic cell comprising a semiconductor wafer comprising a front, light receiving surface and an opposite back surface, a passivation layer on at least the back surface, a doped layer opposite in conductivity type to the wafer over the passivation layer, an induced inversion layer, a dielectric layer over the doped layer, and one or more localized emitter contacts and one or more localized base contacts on at least the back surface extending at least through the dielectric layer; and a neutral surface photovoltaic cell comprising a semiconductor wafer comprising a front, light receiving surface and an opposite back surface, neutral passivation layer on at least the back surface, a dielectric layer over the passivation layer, and one or more localized emitter contacts and one or more localized base contacts on at least the back surface extending at least through the dielectric layer. | 04-08-2010 |
| 20100081586 | WELLBORE TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS - The disclosed compositions and methods utilize hydrophilic polymers modified by the incorporation of one or more hydrophilic side groups. The polymers may exhibit physical association in solution at a specific temperature so as to provide a significant increase in viscosity at the specific temperature. The viscosity of such systems is substantially increased by the further inclusion of one or more hydrophilic components that may exhibit physical association in solution at one or more temperature trigger points and also associate with the one or more hydrophilic polymers modified by the incorporation of one or more hydrophilic side groups. | 04-01-2010 |
| 20100067329 | METHOD OF DETERMINING BOREHOLE CONDITIONS FROM DISTRIBUTED MEASUREMENT DATA - Methods of determining borehole conditions using distributed measurement data are disclosed herein. The disclosed methods utilize real time data measurements taken from sensors distributed along the length of a drill string to assess various conditions or properties of the borehole. The disclosed methods of processing or using distributed measurement data have not been described before. In particular, the distributed data may be used for example, to track the progress of a chemical pill or also track the location of different types of borehole fluids, and also to determine the hole size or volume of the borehole. | 03-18-2010 |
| 20100061916 | High Temperature Support Apparatus and Method of Use for Casting Materials - This invention relates to a system and a method of use for large ceramic member support and manipulation at elevated temperatures in non-oxidizing atmospheres, such as using carbon-carbon composite materials for producing high purity silicon in the manufacture of solar modules. The high temperature apparatus of this invention includes one or more support ribs, one or more cross braces in combination with the one or more support ribs, and a shaped support liner positionable upon the one or more support ribs and the one or more cross braces. | 03-11-2010 |
| 20100055020 | Apparatus and Method for a Crucible Design and Tipping Mechanism for Silicon Casting - This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of a crucible design and a tipping mechanism used to cast silicon. The crucible of this invention produces high purity silicon for solar cells and/or solar modules, such as by improving quality and/or reducing impurities in the cast silicon. As impurities concentrate in an uncrystallized portion of the silicon, a portion of the remaining molten silicon is poured or decanted from the main portion of the crucible to a second portion of the crucible. | 03-04-2010 |
| 20100052218 | Gas Recirculation Heat Exchanger For Casting Silicon - This invention relates to a system and a method of use for a gas recirculation heat exchanger to cast high purity silicon and/or grow crystals. The heat exchanger includes a hot surface for thermal contact with a crucible along with an inlet for flowing a gas to the heat exchanger and an outlet for flowing the gas from the heat exchanger. The exchanger also includes a baffle dividing the inlet from the outlet and for directing at least a portion of the gas over the hot surface, and a recirculation system adapted to cool the gas and return the gas to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can be easily tailored to local cooling needs. | 03-04-2010 |
| 20100051601 | CARTRIDGE HEATER AND METHOD OF USE - This invention relates to an electric cartridge heater and a method of operation, suitable for use in producing high purity silicon in solar cells or solar modules. The apparatus includes a single-piece elongated heater bar having a length, a first end, and a second end. The apparatus also includes a slot beginning at the first end and running a portion of the length, and the slot dividing the heater bar into a first arm and a second arm. An elbow at the second end joins the first arm and the second arm together. The apparatus also includes a first electrode in electrical communication with the first arm, and a second electrode in electrical communication with the second arm. | 03-04-2010 |
| 20100051108 | System and Method for Liquid Silicon Containment - This invention relates to a system and a method for liquid silicon containment, such as during the casting of high purity silicon used in solar cells or solar modules. The containment apparatus includes a shielding member adapted to prevent breaching molten silicon from contacting structural elements or cooling elements of a casting device, and a volume adapted to hold a quantity of breaching molten silicon with the volume formed by a bottom and one or more sides. | 03-04-2010 |
| 20100050932 | Apparatus and Method of Direct Electric Melting a Feedstock - This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of direct electric melting a feedstock, such as high purity silicon for use in solar cells or solar modules. The continuous melting apparatus includes a first electrode opposite a second electrode and forming a melting zone. The electric current passes from the first electrode through a feedstock and enters the second electrode. The apparatus also includes an opening for draining a molten feedstock from the melting zones and a catch pan for receiving the molten feedstock from the opening. | 03-04-2010 |
| 20100050393 | APPARATUS AND METHOD OF USE FOR AN INERT GAS REBREATHER USED IN FURNACE OPERATIONS - This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of use for an inert gas rebreather used in furnace operations, such as melting and/or casting high purity silicon for solar cells and solar modules. The apparatus includes a process chamber, a reservoir in fluid communication with the process chamber, and a motive force device in fluid communication with the process chamber and the reservoir. Recycling or reusing the inert gas reduces operating expenses of the casting process while maintaining low impurity levels in the cast silicon. | 03-04-2010 |
| 20100043871 | Thermal Conducting Materials for Solar Panel Components - This invention relates to solar panels with improved encapsulants and back sheets for greater power output and/or increased efficiency by using materials with higher thermal conductivity than conventional solar panels. According to certain embodiments the improved materials include fillers while maintaining sufficient dielectric properties. According to certain other embodiments, the invention includes a solar panel with the improved encapsulant between solar cells and the improved back sheet. The invention also includes a method of making a solar panel including the improved materials. The invention also includes solar modules and methods related to encapsulants and the back sheets including filler materials with an enhanced particle size distribution, a brightening agent, or an infrared extinguisher. | 02-25-2010 |
| 20100041936 | MELT-CRYSTALLIZATION SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION PROCESS - Processes for separating a solid from a solids-liquids slurry under conditions that prevent ingress of molecular oxygen are advantageous where the presence of molecular oxygen would otherwise reduce efficiencies, contribute to limited product yields, and potentially compromise safe operation of the process or downstream unit operations. Among the various embodiments disclosed herein, is a process utilizing filter columns as solid-liquid separators in combination with crystallization and reslurry unit operations to recover a product component from an initial feed mixture of miscible components. Embodiments of the disclosed processes may include the separation and purification of a product component using a crystallizer in series with a filter column followed by a chemical reactor, using a reslurry drum in series with a filter column, and using a combination of crystallizers and/or reslurry drums in series with at least one filter column. The use of filter columns in such processes is particularly attractive because these columns, when operated under the conditions disclosed herein, limit the undesirable ingress of molecular oxygen into the various process streams, and further improve process efficiencies related to both product component recovery and operating costs. | 02-18-2010 |
| 20100038176 | CONVEYOR CHAIN LUBRICATION SYSTEM - A conveyor chain lubricating system and method in which lubricant is applied effectively and efficiently and in response to the condition of the chain by monitoring the level of lubrication required for the chain and in response to such level, synchronizing the speed of the dispensing valve and dispensing means with the speed of the chain's movement and the predetermined position of the pin with respect to the dispensing outlet, to accurately deposit a shot of lubricant onto each consecutive pin for a sufficient number of chain revolutions for the required level of lubrication to be attained. | 02-18-2010 |
| 20100025885 | Method and Apparatus for the Production of Crystalline Silicon Substrates - An apparatus and method for producing a crystalline ribbon continuously from a melt pool of liquid feed material, e.g. silicon. The silicon is melted and flowed into a growth tray to provide a melt pool of liquid silicon. Heat is passively extracted by allowing heat to flow from the melt pool up through a chimney. Heat is simultaneously applied to the growth tray to keep the silicon in its liquid phase while heat loss is occurring through the chimney. A template is placed in contact with the melt pool as heat is lost through the chimney so that the silicon starts to “freeze” (i.e. solidify) and adheres to the template. The template is then pulled from the melt pool thereby producing a continuous ribbon of crystalline silicon. | 02-04-2010 |
| 20100025300 | CONTROLLING EMULSION STABILITY DURING FUEL STOCK PROCESSING - This invention relates to compounds and methods for making and breaking emulsions of water and hydrocarbons with asphaltenes. The solutes of this invention include chaotropes and kosmotropes, which decrease or increase the order of water molecules respectively. Aggregated asphaltenes form a coalescing barrier at the oil-water interface to result in a stable emulsion and keep water droplets from uniting. Conversely, dispersed asphaltenes allow a coalescing interface at the oil-water interface to resolve the emulsion and allow water droplets to unite. Some applications of this invention include crude oil processing, refinery applications and water treatment methods. | 02-04-2010 |
| 20100025044 | SUBSEA WELL INTERVENTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS - Systems and methods for well intervention include a lower riser package (LRP), and an emergency disconnect package (EDP). The LRP includes a tree connector, a connector and seal stab adapter (CSSA), and a LRP body; the tree connector has a profile for mating to the CSSA. The CSSA has at least one seal stab assembly for fluidly connecting with a subsea tree. The body of the LRP includes one or more sealing elements that are capable of sealing upon command, an integral annulus with an annulus isolation valve, an upper hub profile compatible with the EDP, and a lower flange profile that mates with the CSSA. The EDP includes a quick disconnect connector, at least one annulus isolation valve, and one or more sealing elements that are capable of sealing upon command. In some embodiments, an internal tie-back tool connects to the EDP via an EDP internal tie-back profile. | 02-04-2010 |
| 20100023269 | MANAGING FLOW TESTING AND THE RESULTS THEREOF FOR HYDROCARBON WELLS - Automated monitoring and management of well tests of hydrocarbon wells in a production field. Routing of the output of a well to a flow meter, separated from the output from other wells in the field, is detected by a computer system such as a server. Measurement data including the flow as measured by the flow meter, and also other measurements such as temperatures and pressures contemporaneous with the flow meter measurements, are acquired by the computer system; a stable period is identified, over which the flow test measurement data are considered valid. Upon completion of a specified duration or upon a change in the flow environment, the computer system notifies the user of the completion of the flow test. The flow test results can be used to modify predictive well models, with the modification dependent on validation by the user. The system can also plan and schedule future flow tests. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20100018571 | ADJUSTABLE INTERLOCKING SOLAR MODULES AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION - This invention relates to frame for a solar panel, a solar module, a solar assembly and a method for easy installation of a solar collector to a structure. A support mounts to the structure and a mounting bar attaches to the support. Each frame for holding a solar panel includes tabs that engage the mounting bar or a second frame and includes a self aligning guide. A mounting element receives an anchor to affix the frame to the support. The adjustable interlocking design of this invention allows removal of a solar module without requiring disturbing an adjacent module. | 01-28-2010 |
| 20100000792 | METHOD TO DETECT CORING POINT FROM RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS - Methods are described using resistivity ahead of a drill bit measurements obtained while drilling a subterranean well using a drilling mud. Resistivity data ahead of the bit is gathered during drilling and prior to penetrating a region of interest of a target subterranean formation using the drill bit and the drilling mud. The drill string progresses at target dip and azimuth angles toward the region on interest. The resistivity data is used to determine the top of the region of interest while the drill bit advances toward but does not penetrate the region. A core bit is then installed and a whole core of the region of interest obtained. Resistivity ahead of a drill bit measurements obtained while drilling a subterranean well may also be compared with conventional resistivity measurements obtained from one or more offset wells. | 01-07-2010 |
| 20100000791 | METHOD TO DETECT FORMATION PORE PRESSURE FROM RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS AHEAD OF THE BIT DURING DRILLING OF A WELL - Methods are described using resistivity ahead of a drill bit measurements obtained while drilling a subterranean well using a drilling mud. Resistivity data ahead of the bit is gathered during drilling and prior to penetrating a region of interest of a known subterranean formation using the drill bit and the drilling mud. The drill string progresses at known dip and azimuth angles toward the subterranean formation. The resistivity data is used to determine pore pressure ahead of the drill bit in the formation as a function of resistivity ahead of the drill bit in the formation while the drill bit advances toward but before the bit penetrates the formation while drilling. In certain embodiments, the methods include redirecting the drill bit while drilling toward locations in the formation where pore pressure is within an acceptable range. In other embodiments, a drilling mud parameter is adjusted based on the pore pressure in front of the bit. | 01-07-2010 |
| 20100000729 | METHOD TO DETECT CASING POINT IN A WELL FROM RESISTIVITY AHEAD OF THE BIT - Methods are described using resistivity measurements obtained while drilling one or more offset wells using a drilling mud to guide drilling of one or more uncased intervals of a well to identify a casing point or points in the uncased intervals of the well. Resistivity data is gathered during drilling the offset well and prior to penetrating a region of interest of a known subterranean formation. The drill string in the uncased interval of the well progresses toward the region of interest, using resistivity data at similar depths to identify a casing point while the drill bit advances toward but does not penetrate the region. In certain embodiments resistivity may also be obtained in front of the drill bit in the uncased interval of the well and used in conjunction with the offset well resistivity data to identify casing points in the uncased intervals of the well. | 01-07-2010 |
| 20090326865 | Rapid Data-Based Data Adequacy Procedure for Pipeline Integrity Assessment - A method and system for evaluating the sample coverage of ultrasonic or radiography (UT/RT) measurements of pipeline wall thickness for statistical validity. A data library contains distributions of in-line inspection (ILI) measurements for other pipelines, calibrated to correspond to UT/RT measurements as needed. The data library for these ILI-measured pipelines also includes statistics generated from Monte Carlo simulation, by way of which various sample coverage levels sample the ILI measurements, for determining whether a measurement exceeds a given threshold or meets another premise related to determining the extreme wall loss measurement for the pipeline. A pipeline with sampled UT/RT measurements is used to identify one or more ILI-measured pipeline datasets that are most similar, and the statistics from those most similar pipeline datasets determine whether the sample coverage of the UT/RT measurements is sufficient to draw conclusions about the extreme value of wall loss in the sampled pipeline. | 12-31-2009 |
| 20090292512 | PROCESS FOR DETERMINING THE DISTILLATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A LIQUID PETROLEUM PRODUCT CONTAINING AN AZEOTROPIC MIXTURE - A process for determining the distillation characteristics of a liquid petroleum product that contains an azeotropic mixture of an oxygenated or nitrogen-containing component and at least one petroleum blending component. | 11-26-2009 |
| 20090288822 | MITIGATION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR DEPOSITION DURING PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON GASES - Methods of producing a sour hydrocarbon gas via production tubing intersecting a reservoir, are described, one method including contacting an underground reservoir with an aqueous composition optionally comprising an additive, the reservoir comprising hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds; displacing the composition into the reservoir by forcing a fluid (which may be a non-hydrocarbon gas, or inert gas, or nitrogen, or argon, or mixture thereof), into the reservoir, or into the production tubing; and producing at least some of the hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds from the reservoir through the production tubing, the composition wetting the production tubing and preventing substantial deposition of elemental sulfur thereon. | 11-26-2009 |
| 20090277079 | OXYGENATED GASOLINE COMPOSITION HAVING GOOD DRIVEABILITY PERFORMANCE - A method for producing a gasoline blend having a high concentration of a butanol isomer and having good cold start and warm-up driveability performance. | 11-12-2009 |
| 20090276156 | AUTOMATED HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR PRESSURE ESTIMATION - A method and system for estimating reservoir pressure in a hydrocarbon reservoir from downhole pressure measurements of producing wells is disclosed. Pressure measurements are obtained from wells in the production field over time, and communicated to a server that applies the pressure measurements for a well to a model of that well. The server operates the model using the pressure measurements to determine an operating mode of the well, such as producing or shut-in. Upon detection of a change in operating mode indicative of an abrupt change in flow at the well, such as corresponding to a shut-in event, additional downhole pressure measurement data is acquired until a steady-state condition is reached. The pressure measurements are used to determine a reservoir pressure, which is transmitted to a responsible reservoir engineer or other user. Modification of the determined reservoir pressure value by the user can be received, and the stored reservoir pressure and well model are updated accordingly. | 11-05-2009 |
| 20090260695 | Pipeline intervention - An apparatus and method for accessing a sub sea pipeline. The apparatus comprises a entry guide ( | 10-22-2009 |
| 20090255572 | Sealed Thin Film Photovoltaic Modules - A sealed photovoltaic module comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, a seal between the first and second substrates positioned at or near the edges of the substrates and forming a sealed chamber defined by the first and second substrates and the seal, and at least one thin film photovoltaic element positioned between the first and second substrate and at least partly within the chamber. | 10-15-2009 |
| 20090255571 | Thermal Conducting Materials for Solar Panel Components - This invention relates to solar panels with improved encapsulants and backsheets for greater power output and/or increased efficiency by using materials with higher thermal conductivity than conventional solar panels. According to certain embodiments the improved materials include fillers while maintaining sufficient dielectric properties. According to certain other embodiments, the invention includes a solar panel with the improved encapsulant between solar cells and the improved backsheet. The invention also includes a method of making a solar panel including the improved materials. | 10-15-2009 |
| 20090199464 | Reduced RVP Oxygenated Gasoline Composition And Method - Compositions of oxygenated gasolines containing isobutanol are disclosed that have reduced vapor pressure compared to those containing a single oxygenate and no isobutanol. Such compositions can be formed at a refinery or at a terminal. Methods of reducing vapor pressure of an oxygenated gasoline are disclosed and methods of reducing vapor pressure constraints upon a refinery in the production of oxygenated gasoline are disclosed. Fundamental properties of isobutanol are disclosed including IR spectrum analysis. Processes and methods for blending and distributing these fuels are also disclosed. | 08-13-2009 |
| 20090194098 | Solar Module with a Frame for Mounting a Solar Panel - This invention relates to a frame for mounting a solar panel, where an angle frame member has a generally L-shaped cross section. The highly contoured frame member includes a riser element and a span element, where the riser element includes a straight section below an arcuate section bending towards the inside of the angle frame member. This invention also relates to solar modules, arrays of solar modules and methods of mounting solar modules, all having a highly contoured frame member. | 08-06-2009 |
| 20090171113 | Ethanolysis of PET to Form DET and Oxidation Thereof - A process for ethanolysis of PET is disclosed wherein a feed comprising PET is reacted with ethanol and recovering ethylene glycol and an aromatic diethyl ester such as diethyl isophthalate and/or diethyl terephthalate. PET, or a terpolymer comprising terephthalate monomer and ethylene glycol monomers, is reacted with ethanol and ethanol, diethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol and optionally diethyl isophthalate are recovered. Recovered diethyl components can be subjected to liquid-phase oxidation to produce aromatic carboxylic acid. Acetic acid may also produced via liquid-phase oxidation of recovered diethyl components. The aromatic carboxylic acid can be used to form polymer. | 07-02-2009 |
| 20090159496 | METHOD AND SYSTEM OF HEATING A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT FOR OVERALL CO2 REDUCTION - In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of heating a FCC unit having a regenerator and a reactor for over CO | 06-25-2009 |
| 20090159334 | Method for detecting formation pore pressure by detecting pumps-off gas downhole - Methods and systems are described for drilling a well while distinguishing circulated gas or air from pumps-off gas in a drilling fluid at downhole pressure and temperature. A well is drilled with a drilling fluid, drill string, and drill bit. Drilling fluid is pumped through the drill string, drill bit, and into an annulus between the drill string and a wellbore. The drill string comprises one or more sensors sensing a parameter indicative of circulated gas or air in the drilling fluid flowing through the drill string, one or more sensors being behind and near the drill bit. The sensors measuring gas in the drill string may be at the same level as gas detectors in the annulus. The measurements are communicated to a human-readable interface at the surface, allowing an operator to determine if pressure of the wellbore fluid is greater than formation fluid pressure. | 06-25-2009 |
| 20090158661 | METHOD AND SYSTEM OF RECOVERING ENERGY FROM A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT FOR OVERALL CARBON DIOXIDE REDUCTION - In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of recovering energy from a FCC unit having a reactor and a regenerator for overall CO | 06-25-2009 |
| 20090158657 | METHOD AND SYSTEM OF HEATING A FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT HAVING A REGENERATOR AND A REACTOR - In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of heating a FCC unit having a regenerator and a reactor having overall CO | 06-25-2009 |
| 20090124829 | Terephthalic Acid Composition and Process for the Production Thereof - Terephthalic acid is prepared by reacting a 2,5-furandicarboxylate with ethylene in the presence of a solvent to produce a bicyclic ether; and then dehydrating the bicyclic ether. The process of the present invention effectively produces terephthalic acid, while reducing or eliminating the impurities, color bodies and carbon oxides produced in commercial practice by the liquid-phase oxidation of methyl-substituted benzene feedstocks. | 05-14-2009 |
| 20090118536 | Process for the Production of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids in Water - A process is disclosed for producing at least one aromatic carboxylic acid by contacting a liquid reaction mixture comprising an aromatic feedstock and water with oxygen in the presence of a bromine-free metal catalyst composition wherein the metal catalyst composition has activity in the absence of bromine for oxidation of the aromatic feedstock with at least 80% conversion to oxidized aromatic derivatives of the aromatic feedstock and with at least 80% selectivity to the aromatic carboxylic acid. This process operates in water without the use of bromine at temperatures and residence times substantially the same as conventional processes for aromatic carboxylic acid manufacture, as well as with less total burning and with yields to product equivalent or higher than conventional processes. | 05-07-2009 |
| 20090116019 | Methods and Systems for Monitoring a Solid-Liquid Interface - Methods and systems are provided for monitoring a solid-liquid interface, including providing a vessel configured to contain an at least partially melted material; detecting radiation reflected from a surface of a liquid portion of the at least partially melted material that is parallel with the liquid surface; measuring a disturbance on the surface; calculating at least one frequency associated with the disturbance; and determining a thickness of the liquid portion based on the at least one frequency, wherein the thickness is calculated based on | 05-07-2009 |
| 20090089008 | Methods and Systems for Monitoring a Solid-Liquid Interface - Methods and systems are provided for monitoring a solid-liquid interface, including providing a vessel configured to contain an at least partially melted material; detecting radiation reflected from a surface of a liquid portion of the at least partially melted material; providing sound energy to the surface; measuring a disturbance on the surface; calculating at least one frequency associated with the disturbance; and determining a thickness of the liquid portion based on the at least one frequency, wherein the thickness is calculated based on L=(2m−1)v | 04-02-2009 |
| 20090088585 | Process and Catalyst for Oxidizing Aromatic Compounds - Catalytic compositions for conversion of substituted aromatic feed materials to oxidized products comprising aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives of the substituted aromatic feed materials comprise a combination comprising a palladium component, an antimony component and/or a bismuth component, and one or more Group 4, 5, 6 or 14 metal or metalloid components. A process for oxidizing substituted aromatic feed materials comprises contacting the feed material with oxygen in the presence of such a catalytic composition in a liquid reaction mixture. | 04-02-2009 |
| 20090069594 | Process and Catalyst for Oxidizing Aromatic Compounds - Catalytic compositions for conversion of substituted aromatic feed materials to oxidized products comprising aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives of the substituted aromatic feed materials comprise at least two metal or metalloid elements, at least one of which is palladium, platinum, vanadium or titanium, and at least one of which is a Group 5, 6, 14 or 15 metal or metalloid. A process for oxidizing substituted aromatic feed materials comprises contacting the feed material with oxygen in the presence of such a catalytic composition in a liquid reaction mixture. | 03-12-2009 |
| 20090048784 | 3D SURFACE RELATED MULTIPLE ELIMINATION FOR WIDE AZIMUTH SEISMIC DATA - According to a preferred aspect of the instant invention, there is provided herein a system and method for the imaging and monitoring of the subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs and other subsurface features, wherein the collected seismic data contain multiples therein. In brief, the instant invention is a method of removing multiples using SRME, wherein wide azimuth seismic data are used to directly compute a multiple prediction via a mixed space-wavenumber-frequency domain implementation. | 02-19-2009 |
| 20090044854 | Framed Solar Module and Method of Installing - A framed solar module and a method for installing. The frame comprises contoured sides that can conform with the tiers of tiles on an inclined roof. The framed solar module can be installed with brackets which do not require roof-penetrating fasteners. Each front bracket has a clip portion and a face portion. The front brackets are manipulated between two adjacent overlapping tiers of tiles until the clip portion of each bracket engages the rear of a tile. A first module is then attached to the front bracket, e.g. the module is positioned so that the faces of the front brackets will lie inside the front edge of the frame. A fastener, such as a bolt or other threaded faster, is passed through an opening in the front of the frame and is threaded into an opening in the face of the front bracket to secure the module to the bracket. Additional modules to form an array are installed in the same manner by using additional, properly spaced sets of front brackets. A back bracket(s) is attached to the back of the uppermost module to aid in securing the array to the roof. | 02-19-2009 |
| 20080308463 | Oxidative Desulfurization Process - Disclosed is a process which reduces the sulfur and/or nitrogen content of a distillate feedstock to produce a refinery transportation fuel or blending components for refinery transportation fuel, by contacting the feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas in an 5 oxidation/adsorption zone at oxidation conditions in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising a titanium-containing composition whereby the sulfur species are converted to sulfones and/or sulfoxides which are adsorbed onto the titanium-containing composition. | 12-18-2008 |
| 20080302704 | Process For Removal Of Sulfur From Components For Blending Of Transportation Fuels - A process is disclosed for removing highly deleterious non-basic nitrogen compounds upstream from an acid catalyzed thiophene alkylation process using adsorbents capable of adsorbing the non-basic nitrogen compounds. | 12-11-2008 |
| 20080271890 | Fracture Stimulation Of Layered Reservoirs - A hydraulic fracturing process consisting essentially of drilling a wellbore through at least one reservoir formation, installing in said wellbore at least one conduit, ensuring pressure communication between said wellbore and said reservoir formation, at a higher effective stress formation, selecting the location of said pressure communication between said wellbore and said reservoir formation for control of said hydraulic fracturing process and pumping a hydraulic fracturing treatment comprising a fracturing fluid and a proppant, at a sufficient pressure via said conduit to create at least one fracture in said higher effective stress formation. Also disclosed are processes for increasing conductivity near a wellbore and producing fluids from a lower effective stress permeable formation via a fracture extending from the higher effective stress fracture formation into the lower effective stress permeable formation. | 11-06-2008 |
| 20080271780 | Photovoltaic Cell and Production Thereof - An efficient photovoltaic cell, and its process of manufacture, is disclosed wherein the back surface p-n junction is removed from a doped substrate having an oppositely doped emitter layer. A front surface and edges and optionally the back surface periphery are masked and a back surface etch is performed. The mask is not removed and acts as an anti-reflective coating, a passivating agent, or both. The photovoltaic cell retains an untextured back surface whether or not the front is textured and the dopant layer on the back surface is removed to enhance the cell efficiency. Optionally, a back surface field is formed. | 11-06-2008 |
| 20080245405 | Integrated Solar Cell Roofing System and Method of Manufacture - An integrated solar cell roofing system comprised of strips of solar cell groups. Each strip is comprised of a length of a substrate of a flexible, waterproof material. A first layer of bonding material is laid on the substrate onto which a group of pre-wired photovoltaic (PV) cells are positioned. A second layer of bonding material is applied and an individual rigid sheet of glass is laid on the second layer over each group of PV cells. Heat and vacuum is then applied to melt the bonding materials thereby bonding the group of PV cells and the glass sheet onto the substrate to form spaced solar cell groups thereon. The strip can then be folded into a fan-fold configuration for handling. | 10-09-2008 |
| 20080200742 | Para-Xylene Selective Adsorbent Compositions and Methods - Adsorbent compositions for vapor-phase adsorption processes, which are selective for para-xylene. Such compositions can be used in gas-phase adsorption processes for the separation of para-xylene or the separation of para-xylene and ethylbenzene from mixed xylenes or a C | 08-21-2008 |
