JDS Uniphase Corporation Patent applications |
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20160020948 | UPGRADING A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC GATE ARRAY IN AN IN-SERVICE PLUGGABLE TRANSCEIVER - A programmable transceiver for a network element includes a programmable circuit including internal logic and control logic. Interfaces connect the programmable circuit to a network and a network element. The control logic facilitates programming of the internal logic responsive to an in-band program signal while the programmable circuit services network traffic received via at least one of the interfaces. | 01-21-2016 |
20150369980 | METAL-DIELECTRIC OPTICAL FILTER, SENSOR DEVICE, AND FABRICATION METHOD - An optical filter, a sensor device including the optical filter, and a method of fabricating the optical filter are provided. The optical filter includes one or more dielectric layers and one or more metal layers stacked in alternation. The metal layers are intrinsically protected by the dielectric layers. In particular, the metal layers have tapered edges that are protectively covered by one or more of the dielectric layers. | 12-24-2015 |
20150333472 | BIDIRECTIONAL LONG CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR LASER FOR IMPROVED POWER AND EFFICIENCY - The invention relates to bi-directional long-cavity semiconductor lasers for high power applications having two AR coated facets (2AR) to provide an un-folded cavity with enhanced output power. The lasers exhibit more uniform photon and carrier density distributions along the cavity than conventional uni-directional high-power lasers, enabling longer lasers with greater output power and lasing efficiency due to reduced longitudinal hole burning. Optical sources are further provided wherein radiation from both facets of several 2AR lasers that are disposed at vertically offset levels is combined into a single composite beam. | 11-19-2015 |
20150288136 | TRANSMISSION LINK WITH MULTIPLE ORDER RAMAN PUMPS - An optical transmission link pumped with multiple orders Raman pumps on both ends of the link is disclosed. At least one first-order Raman pump and at least two higher-order Raman pumps are provided on each end for reducing optical power variation of the optical signal along the optical transmission link. Wavelengths and optical power levels of the multiple-order Raman pumps and the additional Raman pump(s) can be selected by computer simulation to lessen the spatial optical power variation of the optical signal. | 10-08-2015 |
20150255949 | PACKAGED LASER DIODE AND METHOD OF PACKAGING A LASER DIODE - A leadframe-type packaged laser diode is provided, in which the laser diode chip is electrically decoupled from the package. A leadframe-type package including a two-dimensional grid of electrodes encapsulated in a molded plastic framework allows batch processing of one- or two-dimensional arrays of leadframes, the batch processing including laser diode chips attachment, wirebonding, and packaging, with subsequent breakout of individual packaged laser diodes from the one- or two-dimensional array. | 09-10-2015 |
20150241690 | WAVELENGTH SELECTION SWITCH - A wavelength selection switch ( | 08-27-2015 |
20150229101 | RANGE IMAGING DEVICES AND METHODS - An array of laser diode emitters is used as an illumination source for a range imaging system. The laser diode emitters are disposed on a common substrate. When one of the emitters fails, the remaining emitters emit enough light to meet the output optical power specification. The emitters can be disposed with a tight spacing. The tight spacing facilitates packaging of the entire array into a compact single package on a common heat sink. | 08-13-2015 |
20150217307 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ORIENTING MAGNETIC FLAKES - The invention relates to a method of aligning magnetic flakes, which includes: coating a substrate with a carrier having the flakes dispersed therein, moving the substrate in a magnetic field so as to align the flakes along force lines of the magnetic field in the absence of an effect from a solidifying means, and at least partially solidifying the carrier using a solidifying means while further moving the substrate in the magnetic field so as to secure the magnetic flakes in the carrier while the magnetic field maintains alignment of the magnetic flakes. An apparatus is provided, which has a belt for moving a substrate along a magnet assembly for aligning magnetic flakes. The apparatus also includes a solidifying means, such as a UV- or e-beam source, and a cover above a portion of the magnet assembly for protecting the flakes from the effect of the solidifying means. | 08-06-2015 |
20150204833 | SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SEAFOOD - A method and apparatus for field spectroscopic characterization of seafood is disclosed. A portable NIR spectrometer is connected to an analyzer configured for performing a multivariate analysis of reflection spectra to determine qualitatively the true identities or quantitatively the freshness of seafood samples. | 07-23-2015 |
20150160468 | REDUCING OPTICAL ABERRATIONS WITH GRADED-INDEX OPTICS - An aberration corrector and a method to reducing a spherical aberration are disclosed. The aberration corrector has a radial, rotationally symmetric variation of refractive index including a term varying in proportion to a fourth degree of a distance from the optical axis. Since the spherical aberration causes a wavefront deviation proportional to the fourth degree of distance from the optical axis, the spherical aberration can be reduced by the aberration corrector when its thickness causes the exact amount of the phase delay corresponding to the wavefront deviation, but with an opposite sign. | 06-11-2015 |
20150092800 | MOPA LASER SOURCE WITH WAVELENGTH CONTROL - The invention provides a wavelength-controlled pump MOPA laser and a method of operation thereof. A monolithic semiconductor MOPA laser chip has a DFB-laser based MO (master oscillator) and PA (power amplifier) sections formed in a same monolithic waveguide, and separate MO and PA electrodes for individual control of current injection into the MO and PA sections. The laser wavelength is defined by the DFB grating and is kept fixed by suitably controlling the MO current to compensate for a thermal crosstalk from the PA section, or tuned by suitably changing the MO current or direct heating of the DFB region. | 04-02-2015 |
20150086208 | OSA CAGE WITH REINFORCED CONNECTION TO PCB - Direct pin attachment is the most compact method to connect the OSA and the PCBA, due to better performance in general and allows maximum PCBA space for more functionality. However, direct pin attachment can result in concentrated stress in the OSA-PCBA joint area, which can affect the reliability and yield of the module. To overcome the problem, an integrated transceiver cage and housing is provided including a direct pin attachment with reinforcing tabs, which are fixed to the PCBA prior to the pins to transfer any stress between the OSA and PCBA, thereby reducing the amount of stress applied to the pins. | 03-26-2015 |
20150009795 | CABLE NETWORK SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT DURING UPSTREAM PACKET TRANSMISSION - Apparatus and method are provided for obtaining an upstream signal spectrum as it was during a time of transmission of a received upstream data packet. The apparatus includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a packet detector coupled to ADC, and a spectrum calculation unit coupled to the ADC and the packet detector. In operation, the spectrum calculation unit computes a spectrum of the digitized upstream signal as it was between the start and end times of the first packet. As a result, the obtained spectrum is representative of a condition of the transmission path during transmission of the upstream data packet. | 01-08-2015 |
20150009340 | CHARACTERIZING A DOWNSTREAM PATH OF A CABLE NETWORK - Downstream channel parameters of a cable network are displayed in graphical form as a function of the channel number or center frequency. Such parameters, including digital channel demodulation parameters, may be plotted concurrently as frequency spectra, revealing frequency signatures of particular network impairments. Frequency spectra of MER, BER, IUC, carrier level, and in-band spectral response may be plotted concurrently in various combinations, providing a concise summary view of a condition of a downstream path at a particular location in the network. | 01-08-2015 |
20140344874 | METHOD OF NETWORK NODE PERFORMANCE RANKING - The invention relates to a method of determining maintenance priority for different portions of a CATV network. By calculating a health score for each node of the network based on a plurality of measurements performed downstream from the nodes, the nodes and the downstream segments of the network may be ranked according to their health score values, and the maintenance of the network segments may be prioritized based on the health ranking of the corresponding nodes. The health score for a node may be computed based on a plurality of tilt- and modulation-normalized frequency scans of the network signal. | 11-20-2014 |
20140339428 | MEDICATION ASSURANCE SYSTEM AND METHOD - A medication assurance system for verification of both the medication and the patient is disclosed. A portable spectrometer is used to obtain a light spectrum of the medication. A subject identification or biometric device is used to identify the patient. A controller coupled to the portable spectrometer and the subject identification device identifies the medication by performing a chemometric analysis of the light spectrum. Based on the medication identified and the patient identified, the controller can determine if the medication is to be taken by the patient. | 11-20-2014 |
20140328206 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PACKET LOSS - In a method of measuring packet loss, a flow of packets is identified at first and second locations in a network. The packets in the flow are counted at each of the first and second locations to provide first and second packet counts, respectively. When a trigger packet in the flow is identified at each of the first and second locations, the first and second packet counts are latched to provide latched first and second packet counts corresponding to same packets in the flow. The latched first and second packet counts are compared to measure packet loss between the first and second locations. | 11-06-2014 |
20140133045 | NON-DICHROIC OMNIDIRECTIONAL STRUCTURAL COLOR - A non-dichroic omnidirectional structural color multilayer structure. The non-dichroic omnidirectional structural color multilayer structure has an absorbing layer, a first layer extending across the absorbing layer, and a second layer extending across the first layer. The multilayer structure can reflect a narrow band of electromagnetic radiation that has a width of less than 500 nanometers and a center wavelength shift of less than 200 nanometers when the multilayer structure is viewed from angles between 0 and 45 degrees. In addition, the absorbing layer can block electromagnetic radiation reflected off of a surface that is proximate to the multilayer structure and thereby afford for a “pure” color that is not contaminated by reflected light from surrounding surfaces. | 05-15-2014 |
20130314693 | RANGE IMAGING DEVICES AND METHODS - An array of laser diode emitters is used as an illumination source for a range imaging system. The laser diode emitters are disposed on a common substrate. When one of the emitters fails, the remaining emitters emit enough light to meet the output optical power specification. The emitters can be disposed with a tight spacing. The tight spacing facilitates packaging of the entire array into a compact single package on a common heat sink. | 11-28-2013 |
20130256720 | BROADBAND DIELECTRIC REFLECTORS FOR LED - A broadband, omnidirectional, multi-layer, dielectric reflector for an LED in a white light emitting device provides both near 100% reflectivity across the visible spectrum of light, and electrical insulation between the substrate and the electrical circuitry used to power and control the LED. When a sealant material, having a higher index of refraction than air, is used to protect the LED and the accompanying electrical circuitry, an aluminum reflector layer or substrate is provided to make up for the loss of reflectivity at certain angles of incidence. | 10-03-2013 |
20130250416 | OPTICAL DEPOLARIZER - A polarized light beam having a coherence length L can be depolarized by splitting the beam into orthogonally polarized sub-beams and delaying one of the sub-beams relative to the other by a length larger than L. This spatial delay is created by splitting the beam in a walk-off crystal and disposing in the optical path of one of the sub-beams a slab of an optically dense material, while allowing the other sub-beam to propagate outside and near the slab. The sub-beams remain parallel to each other, allowing another walk-off crystal to be used to recombine the sub-beams. A dual-core fiber ferrule and a microlens array can be used to combine fiber-coupled output beams of two laser diodes in a single compact walk-off crystal. | 09-26-2013 |
20130194936 | MOCA QUALITY INDEX MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR QUALIFYING HOME NETWORKS - Systems and methods for quantifying the suitability of a coax network segment to support MoCA communications, comprising: transmitting a test signal associated with MoCA communications through the segment's first end; receiving the test signal through the segment's second end; determining a response function; determining a channel degradation reference based on the highest power level of the response function and a predetermined reference; calculating subcarrier degradation for each MoCA subcarrier, in accordance with the difference between the channel degradation reference and the subcarrier response function; and quantifying the suitability of the segment to support MoCA communications from the first end to the second end in accordance with the subcarrier degradation of all subcarriers in the response function. | 08-01-2013 |
20130176621 | DIFFRACTIVE MEMS DEVICE - A diffractive MEMS device has an in-plane binary reflective diffraction pattern formed in an outer surface of a tiltable platform. The binary reflective diffraction pattern includes rectangular or trapezoidal ridges and valleys, or grooves, of a same depth. The binary reflective diffractive pattern has a high diffraction efficiency even though the surfaces of the “grooves” or “ridges” are not perpendicular to the incoming optical beam. The diffractive pattern is supported by a pair of torsional hinges and is tiltable by an electrostatic actuator. The electrostatic actuator can include at least one side electrode for linearization of dependence of tilt angle on the voltage applied to the actuator. | 07-11-2013 |
20130163620 | FREQUENCY REFERENCING FOR TUNABLE LASERS - The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for referencing an optical frequency of a tunable laser. Light from a reference laser and the tunable laser is injected into a length of an optical waveguide from opposite ends thereof. When the optical frequency of the tunable laser is swept, SBS induced positive and negative peaks in the optical power of light transmitted through the waveguide are used to provide an accurate frequency change reference. | 06-27-2013 |
20130148920 | OPTICAL PHASE MODULATOR - An optical phase modulator having a reduced time drift of an electro-optical response is disclosed. An optical waveguide exhibiting the electro-optic effect includes two serially coupled portions having opposite time drifts of magnitudes of their respective electro-optical responses. As a result, a time drift of an overall electro-optical response of the optical phase modulator is lessened. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148684 | HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SPATIAL-MULTIPLEXED MULTI-EMITTER PUMP WITH TILTED COLLIMATED BEAM - Multi-mode diode emitters are stacked in a staircase formation to provide a spatially-mulitplexed output. Improved coupling efficiency is achieved by providing tilted collimated output beams that determine an effective step height of the stepped structure. Since the effective step height is dependent on the tilt angle, a variable number of emitters can be used inside packages having a same physical step height, while still attaining high coupling efficiency. | 06-13-2013 |
20130148221 | NON-DICHROIC OMNIDIRECTIONAL STRUCTURAL COLOR - A non-dichroic omnidirectional structural color multilayer structure. The non-dichroic omnidirectional structural color multilayer structure has an absorbing layer, a first layer extending across the absorbing layer, and a second layer extending across the first layer. The multilayer structure can reflect a narrow band of electromagnetic radiation that has a width of less than 500 nanometers and a center wavelength shift of less than 200 nanometers when the multilayer structure is viewed from angles between 0 and 45 degrees. In addition, the absorbing layer can block electromagnetic radiation reflected off of a surface that is proximate to the multilayer structure and thereby afford for a “pure” color that is not contaminated by reflected light from surrounding surfaces. | 06-13-2013 |
20130124717 | SELECTIVE IP ADDRESS ALLOCATION FOR PROBES THAT DO NOT HAVE ASSIGNED IP ADDRESSES - Systems and methods for managing communication in an IP network between a server and a probe that does not maintain an IP address by selectively restricting which IP addresses that are identified as active in the network may be borrowed for the probes. Restriction of IP addresses may include a black list to exclude specific IP addresses, a white list from which IP addresses can be drawn or both. This permits control over which IP addresses may be borrowed by probes, reducing false alarms, alerts or other network concerns caused by unexpected IP traffic on a particular IP address in the network. | 05-16-2013 |
20130034707 | MICROSTRUCTURED DEVICE AND METHOD OF FABRICATION - A security device has a support substrate of a first material having a softening temperature t1 and an embossed layer of a second different material supported by the support substrate having a softening temperature t2, wherein t202-07-2013 | |
20130034141 | MONITORING QAM IMPAIRMENTS IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS - A diagnostic data acquisition system for analyzing impairments in a QAM digital communication system is triggered by diagnostic data generated by a QAM demodulator when demodulating a QAM signal. Upon triggering, the data acquisition system can capture the diagnostic data used for triggering, and/or some other diagnostic data. The captured data may be stored for subsequent analysis to determine a probable cause of the impairment. | 02-07-2013 |
20120327988 | INGRESS NOISE LOCALIZATION IN A CABLE NETWORK - Ingress noise labeling tags are coupled into the signal path at various nodes of a cable network. The tags imprint a unique electric signature into a local ingress noise, making the noise identifiable at the headend of the network. In one embodiment, tags do not require external control signals to operate, the electrical response of the tags being determined by present and/or past magnitudes of the return path signal. Advantageously, such tags can be made entirely passive, not requiring a control signal or an external source of electrical power. | 12-27-2012 |
20120327506 | OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIER AND A CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR - An optical amplifier having two erbium doped fiber coils and a pump laser diode is described. A tunable optical power splitter is used for variably splitting the optical pump power for the laser diode between the two erbium doped fiber coils, and variable tilters can be used for correcting the gain tilt of the amplifier. The variable splitter and the tilters can include thermally tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometers. | 12-27-2012 |
20120326430 | MULTI COLOR-SHIFTING DEVICES - A color shifting security device has a Fabry-Perot type structure wherein a dielectric layer is disposed between a reflector and an absorbing layer. The absorber and reflector layers may be conforming and the dielectric layer therebetween is non-conforming, filling the regions in the micro structured adjacent absorbing or reflecting layer, at least one of which has a microstructure therein or thereon. By having the dielectric layer not conform to the microstructure it is next to, its thickness varies in cross section, which allows for different colors to be seen where the thickness varies. | 12-27-2012 |
20120320451 | LARGE MODE AREA OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE DEVICES - A very large more area active double clad optical waveguide doped with Nd | 12-20-2012 |
20120263058 | TESTING SHAPED TCP TRAFFIC - A testing system for a TCP network that provides an innovative and bounded test approach to a network configuration that otherwise would require live user traffic and subjective means to determine if the traffic was being shaped or policed. The parameters of a network segment are determined, and then a plurality of connections are used to properly stress network buffers and the traffic shaping function. A throughput chart can then be generated to determine if the network segment has been properly shaped. | 10-18-2012 |
20120257853 | MxN WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH - A wavelength selective switch (WSS) based on an array of MEMS mirrors tiltable in 1-dimension about only one axis exhibits “hitting” or unwanted port connections during switching. Two WSS's can be cascaded to create M×N switching functionality in a hitless manner by the inclusion of block ports at specified positions in one or both of the WSS's. Greater use efficiency of ports can be achieved if quasi-hitless performance is acceptable. | 10-11-2012 |
20120250519 | UNADDRESSED DEVICE COMMUNICATION FROM WITHIN AN MPLS NETWORK - An unaddressed device installed inline in a path of an MPLS network can communicate a packet from within the MPLS network to an upstream device without knowledge of the necessary MPLS labeling by sending the packet intentionally in the wrong direction: downstream. To communicate to an upstream device, the unaddressed device sends a packet downstream into the MPLS network on the opposite side and through the opposite outgoing port from that which would be used for a packet sent to the same device in a non-MPLS network. This behavior forces the MPLS network, when it next inspects the packet, to re-label it with the correct labeling to route the packet on a path back upstream to the recipient device. In this manner, the MPLS architecture is used to redirect or loop back packets from an unaddressed inline device to the upstream device. | 10-04-2012 |
20120230630 | HIGH CONFINEMENT WAVEGUIDE ON AN ELECTRO-OPTIC SUBSTRATE - The invention relates to an optical device including a passive high confinement waveguide, such as of silicon-rich silicon nitride, on an electro-optic substrate, like lithium niobate, optically coupled to a waveguide in the electro-optic substrate. A wide range of electro-optic devices are enabled by this high confinement waveguide structure, including: directional couplers, compact tap couplers, folded electro-optic devices, electro-optic modulators including ring resonators, electro-optic gratings. Further applications enabled by the present invention include hybrid passive planar lightwave circuits (PLC) integrated with electro-optically active waveguides, using the high confinement waveguide as an intermediary waveguide to transfer optical power between the passive and active components. | 09-13-2012 |
20120218419 | MEASURING HUM IN A DIGITAL TV SIGNAL - The invention relates to a method for measuring Hum on a digital QAM carrier using a testing device for testing digital TV signals including a QAM demodulator therein, and to a testing device implementing the method. A controller is used to sample a register associated with a final AGC stage in a QAM demodulator, and to process the collected register values to obtain one or more Hum characteristics. In one embodiment, a circular buffer is used to collect aligned sequences of AGC samples that have a pre-determined feature of time-domain Hum at a specified position therein. The aligned AGC sequences are then correlated to assess causes of Hum. | 08-30-2012 |
20120134012 | PERIODICALLY POLED OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE - A periodically poled optical waveguide comprising a nonlinear optical crystalline material is provided having poled optical domains slanted with respect to direction of propagation of light within the waveguide. Light reflected from slanted poled optical domains does not couple efficiently back into the optical waveguide, which facilitates reduction of backreflection towards a semiconductor laser source coupled to the waveguide. Reduction of backreflections facilitates stable operation of the semiconductor laser source. A method of manufacturing of a periodically poled optical waveguide with slanted poled domains is also provided. | 05-31-2012 |
20120107738 | TAGGENT FLAKES FOR COVERT SECURITY APPLICATIONS HAVING A SELECTED SHAPE - A plurality of flakes are provided that can be used in ink or paint wherein the flakes are of a size that requires magnification to see their shape. The flakes are in the form of regular polygons, such as squares, triangle or rectangles. A breaking or grinding process is used to break a foil into these shaped flakes and frames or walls are provided within the foil sheet so as to delineate the shapes and these lines provided by frames or walls will facilitate breakage in a preferred manner such that the flakes break into selected shaped polygons. Due to the breakage or grinding process, small remnants are typically still present on the shaped flakes as a result of the way in which the foil and flakes are broken, however with magnification, one can see the resultant regular polygonal shape. To clearly see the remnants one requires increased magnification and the remnant itself provides a type of signature. It can be seen as a taggent within a taggent. | 05-03-2012 |
20120099812 | ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE - An electro-optic device is disclosed, in which an RF signal electrode is used as a bias ground electrode. Thus, for Z-cut lithium niobate electro-optic crystals, there is no need to place a buried bias electrode under the RF signal electrode and over the optical waveguide. As a result, both optical and the RF wave propagation losses are reduced. In another embodiment, a buried bias electrode is placed over the optical waveguide between two buffer layers having a different electrical conductivity. The buffer layer underneath the buried bias electrode has a larger electrical conductivity than the buffer layer above the buried bias electrode. The buffer layer underneath the buried bias electrode reduces the optical loss penalty due to the buried bias electrode located above the optical waveguide, while the buffer layer above the bias electrode reduces leakage currents. | 04-26-2012 |
20120012459 | INTEGRATED ANODE AND ACTIVATED REACTIVE GAS SOURCE FOR USE IN A MAGNETRON SPUTTERING DEVICE - The invention relates to an integrated anode and activated reactive gas source for use in a magnetron sputtering device and a magnetron sputtering device incorporating the same. The integrated anode and activated reactive gas source comprises a vessel having an interior conductive surface, comprising the anode, and an insulated outer body isolated from the chamber walls of the coating chamber. The vessel has a single opening with a circumference smaller that that of the vessel in communication with the coating chamber. Sputtering gas and reactive gas are coupled through an input into the vessel and through the single opening into the coating chamber. A plasma is ignited by the high density of electrons coming from the cathode and returning to the power supply through the anode. A relatively low anode voltage is sufficient to maintain a plasma of activated reactive gas to form stoichiometric dielectric coatings. | 01-19-2012 |
20120002395 | BEAM COMBINING LIGHT SOURCE - The invention relates to sources of optical radiation wherein polarized radiation from first and second rows of light emitters is first collimated and combined into two combined beam using first and second rows of collimating and beam re-directing elements, respectively, and then polarization multiplexed to form a polarization-multiplexed output beam. In order to reduce the footprint, emitters of the first and second emitter rows are disposed in an interleaved, staggered arrangement, and the second row of collimating and beam re-directing elements is disposed in a space between the first emitter row and the first row of collimating and beam re-directing elements. | 01-05-2012 |
20120001116 | MAGNETIC MULTILAYER PIGMENT FLAKE AND COATING COMPOSITION - The present invention provides a magnetic multilayer pigment flake and a magnetic coating composition that are relatively safe for human health and the environment. The pigment flake includes one or more magnetic layers of a magnetic alloy having a substantially nickel-free composition including about 40 wt % to about 90 wt % iron, about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % chromium, and about 0 wt % to about 30 wt % aluminum. The coating composition includes a plurality of the pigment flakes disposed in a binder medium. | 01-05-2012 |
20110305150 | METHOD OF REMOTE ACTIVE TESTING OF A DEVICE OR NETWORK - A test device includes a packet input receiver for receiving encapsulated packets from a network; a packet reader for extracting timing information from the encapsulated packets, and for decapsulating encapsulated packets so as to obtain test packets; a FIFO queue for storing the test packets; a packet controller for reading the test packets from the FIFO queue and writing the test packets into a de-jitter buffer in accordance with the timing information, the de-jitter buffer for storing the reordered test packets; and, a packet output generator for providing the test packets to a target device wherein time intervals between the test packets are reproduced using the timing information. | 12-15-2011 |
20110305149 | METHOD FOR TIME AWARE INLINE REMOTE MIRRORING - A method of monitoring packet traffic is provided. The method includes: at a first access point, capturing portions of traffic packets passing therethrough separated by time intervals; encapsulating the portions of traffic packets thereby forming encapsulated packets and adding timestamps to the encapsulated packets so as to preserve the portions of traffic packets and information related to the time intervals; transmitting the encapsulated packets over a network; decapsulating the encapsulated packets so as to obtain replay packets and the capture timestamps, wherein the replay packets include the portions of the traffic packets; and, transmitting the replay packets separated by the time intervals, wherein the timestamps are used to reproduce the time intervals so as to imitate the traffic packets passing through the first access point. | 12-15-2011 |
20110283140 | NETWORK COMMUNICATION AT UNADDRESSED NETWORK DEVICES - A method of network testing relies on communication with an unaddressed test device. The method includes collection of network addresses from packets passing through the test device and a discovery procedure. The collected addresses are provided to a remote control device, and used for communication between the test device and the control device. | 11-17-2011 |
20110253529 | RING CATHODE FOR USE IN A MAGNETRON SPUTTERING DEVICE - The present invention relates to a magnetron sputtering device including a large ring cathode having a defined inner radius. The position of the ring cathode is offset in relation to a center point of a planetary drive system. An anode or reactive gas source may be located within the inner radius of the ring cathode. Lower defect rates are obtained through the lower power density at the cathode which suppresses arcing, while runoff is minimized by the cathode to planet geometry without the use of a mask. | 10-20-2011 |
20110243161 | FREQUENCY CONVERSION OF A LASER BEAM USING A PARTIALLY PHASE-MISMATCHED NONLINEAR CRYSTAL - The invention relates to a laser system including a nonlinear crystal having a first length portion and a second length portion. The nonlinear crystal disposed to receive input light from the laser for converting the input light into frequency converted light; wherein the nonlinear crystal is configured so that the first length portion of the nonlinear crystal is phase matching for the input light and the frequency converted light, and the second length portion of the nonlinear crystal is phase mismatching for the input light and the frequency converted light. Phase mismatching means may include a temperature controlling board, a clamp, or electrodes. | 10-06-2011 |
20110206384 | BIAS CONTROL IN AN OPTICAL MODULATOR AND TRANSMITTER - An apparatus and method for controlling bias in an optical modulator is disclosed. The method is particularly applicable to controlling multi-wavelength modulators and wavelength-tunable transmitters. At a calibration stage, a desired optical performance of the modulator is achieved, and an amplitude of a peak-to-peak variation of the output optical signal at a pre-determined amount of dither is stored in a memory as a reference. At operating stage, a controller of the optical modulator adjusts a bias voltage of the modulator until the measured peak-to-peak optical signal variation matches the reference value stored at the calibration stage. For multi-wavelength modulators and tunable transmitters, the calibration is repeated at each wavelength, and corresponding peak-to-peak optical signal variations are stored in the memory. | 08-25-2011 |
20110188863 | OPTICAL TRANSCEIVER WITH POLARITY INVERSION - An optical transceiver that includes a modification that prevents interoperability with standard transceivers, while enabling them to work in the same slots and equipment as standard transceivers, provided that they are interoperating with a similarly modified transceiver on the other end of the optical link. Ideally, the polarity of the data in both the transmit and receive direction is inverted resulting in valid data for a link when a pair of modified modules are used and invalid data when a modified module is used with a standard fiber optic transceiver. The function is otherwise transparent to the host equipment. | 08-04-2011 |
20110168088 | APPARATUS FOR ORIENTING MAGNETIC FLAKES - A printing apparatus includes a magnetic rotatable roller with a smooth even outer surface for aligning magnetic flakes in a carrier, such as an ink vehicle or a paint vehicle to create optically variable images in a high-speed, linear printing operation. Images can provide security features on high-value documents, such as bank notes. Magnetic flakes in the ink are aligned using magnetic portions of the roller, that can be formed by permanent magnets embedded in a non-magnetic roller body, or selectively magnetized portions of a flexible magnetic cover of the roller. In some embodiments, the roller is assembled for a plurality of interchangeable sections, which can include spinning magnets. Selected orientation of the magnetic pigment flakes can achieve a variety of illusive optical effects that are useful for decorative or security applications. | 07-14-2011 |
20110158594 | OPTICAL MODULE WITH FIBER FEEDTHROUGH - A molded ceramic or glass ferrule has at least one longitudinal passage, which enables an optical fiber feed through, sealed into a metal housing with glass solder. The metal material in the housing has a slightly higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the ferrule material and the sealing glass so that hermetic seal is maintained by a compression stress applied to the ferrule and sealing glass by the housing at operating conditions. When the housing has to be fabricated from a low CTE material, e.g. metal or ceramic, a metal sleeve and stress relief bracket is used to apply the compression stress. | 06-30-2011 |
20110158576 | OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE MODULATOR - The invention relates to waveguide optical modulators wherein two or more waveguides are modulated with specific modulation strengths using a single straight signal electrode or a single multi-segment signal electrode. Modulation strengths for each of a plurality of waveguides modulated by a single multi-segment electrode are matched over a wide modulation frequency range. Linearized output characteristics with respect to second and third order distortions arc achieved in one aspect of the invention. | 06-30-2011 |
20110156933 | GENERATING A JITTERED DIGITAL SIGNAL USING A SERIALIZER DEVICE - A serializer device is used for generation, from a parallel digital signal, of a clock signal or a serial binary data signal having a pre-determined amount of jitter. A binary number having consecutive groups of ones and zeroes, when serialized by the serializer device, produces a clock signal. By varying the number of ones and zeroes on the binary number, a pre-determined amount of jitter can be generated. Use of sigma-delta modulation in combination with a phase-locked loop circuitry allows one to obtain a smoothly varying jitter of the output signal. | 06-30-2011 |
20110121556 | Mixture of magnetically orientable color shifting flakes and non-magnetically orientable color shifting flakes exhibiting a common color - Pigment flakes are blended together wherein some are magnetically alignable and exhibit a color shift from a first color to a second color with a change in viewing angle; and some are pigment flakes which exhibit a color shift from the first color to a third color or vice versa with a change in viewing angle, wherein the first, second and third colors are three different colors. The flakes are coated upon a substrate and magnetically alignable flakes are magnetically aligned. The non-magnetically alignable flakes are not aligned by the magnetic field and lie flat upon the substrate they are coated on. By judiciously selecting the angle upon which the magnetic flakes are oriented, an effect is created whereby an observer sees a color shift from a first color to a second or a first color to a third, when orienting the substrate by tilting it at different particular angles. The coated substrate can be used in security applications such as on currency or secure instruments. | 05-26-2011 |
20110108082 | Multi-Segment Photovoltaic Power Converter With A Center Portion - The invention provides a photovoltaic power converter that includes a plurality of spatially separated device segments supported by a substrate, wherein the device segments are arranged in a circular pattern wherein a first group of the device segments consisting of one or more of the device segments is centrally positioned and is surrounded by a second group of the device segments comprising at least two device segments and wherein two or more of the plurality of the device segments are connected in series for developing a voltage when radiation of selected wavelengths is incident on the device. | 05-12-2011 |
20110108081 | Photovoltaic Power Converter - The invention provides a photovoltaic power converter that includes a multilayer structure supported by a substrate having a base layer of a semiconductor material of a first conductivity type and a first emitter layer of a semiconductor material of a second conductivity type opposite said first conductivity type forming a p-n junction region therebetween, and a first current blocking layer of a semiconductor material of the second conductivity type interposed between the substrate and the first multilayer structure. The emitter layer is carbon doped. | 05-12-2011 |
20110096684 | IDENTIFYING AN ORIGIN OF A DOCSIS UPSTREAM BURST - A method and an apparatus for identifying an origin of captured DOCSIS upstream bursts are disclosed. Upstream bursts are captured without knowing their allocated time slots in advance. Information from an upstream channel descriptor is used to generate RF waveforms of upstream burst preambles, which arc then correlated to the captured upstream waveforms to determine the type of captured upstream bursts without having to decode the latter. Once the type of the captured upstream bursts is determined, information from the upstream channel descriptor is further used to demodulate and decode the upstream burst, so that CPE MAC addresses can be extracted. From the extracted CPE MAC addresses, the origin of the captured upstream bursts can be identified. The identification of origins of captured upstream bursts assists in locating faults in the cable network. | 04-28-2011 |
20110096326 | SCANNING SPECTROMETER WITH MULTIPLE PHOTODETECTORS - A scanning optical spectrometer with a detector array is disclosed, in which position of focused spot of light at the input of a dispersive element such as arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with a slab input, is scanned using a micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) tiltable micromirror so as to make the dispersed spectrum of light scan over the detector array coupled to the AWG. Sub-spectra recorded using individual detectors are concatenated by a processor unit to obtain the spectrum of input light. | 04-28-2011 |
20110090927 | MOUNTED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND A METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME - A method for mounting a semiconductor device onto a composite substrate, including a submount and a heat sink, is described. According to one aspect of the invention, the materials for the submount and the heat sink are chosen so that the value of coefficient of thermal expansion of the semiconductor device is in between the values of coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials of the submount and the heat sink, the thickness of the submount being chosen so as to equalize thermal expansion of the semiconductor device to that of the surface of the submount the device is mounted on. According to another aspect of the invention, the semiconductor device, the submount, and the heat sink are soldered into a stack at a single step of heating, which facilitates reduction of residual post-soldering stresses. | 04-21-2011 |
20110089314 | COMPACT TAP MONITOR - A compact PD unidirectivity solution for an optical tap monitor, which reduces the overall size of optical tap module, is provided. The solution is to use lensing to separate the light from the input and output fibres, and then add a mask or spacer in front of the monitor PD to prevent any of the light from the output fiber from entering the photodetector package. | 04-21-2011 |
20110049335 | ELECTRICAL TERMINATION CIRCUIT FOR A TRAVELING-WAVE OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE - An electrical termination circuit for a traveling wave optoelectronic device is disclosed. The electrical termination circuit is constructed to reflect a portion of a radio-frequency signal back into the optoelectronic device. The reflected signal is out of phase with the applied radio-frequency signal at a frequency of a detrimental spectral feature or a bump in an electro-optical transfer characteristic of the optoelectronic device. The amplitude and the phase of the reflected signal are selected so as to suppress the detrimental spectral feature without a significant reduction in the efficiency of electro-optical or optical-electrical transformation of the optoelectronic device. | 03-03-2011 |
20110043888 | MODULATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING A RETURN-TO-ZERO (RZ) OPTICAL DATA SIGNAL - A modulation system and a method for generating a return-to-zero (RZ) optical data signal are provided. The modulation system comprises a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator and a drive circuit, which includes a logic XOR gate and a differential amplifier. The logic XOR gate applies a logic XOR operation to a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) electrical data signal and an inverse of an electrical clock signal to generate an electrical intermediate signal. The differential amplifier differentially amplifies the electrical intermediate signal and an inverse of the NRZ electrical data signal to generate an RZ electrical drive signal. The drive circuit drives the MZ modulator with the RZ electrical drive signal to generate the RZ optical data signal. | 02-24-2011 |
20110032605 | PULSED OPTICAL SOURCE - The invention relates to pulsed optical sources formed of a source of seed optical radiation, a pulsed optical amplifier for pulsing the seed optical radiation, and an output optical port for outputting a pulsed optical signal produced by the pulsed optical amplifier. An optically isolating element such as an optical circulator is provided in the optical path between the optical seed source and the pulsed optical amplifier. | 02-10-2011 |
20110026895 | FIBER TRAY - A fiber tray for routing and packaging an optical fiber is disclosed. The fiber tray includes a generally round central section, a lead-in section, and a lead-out section. All three sections are integrally formed out of a thin sheet of a material and coated with a tacky adhesive material for fiber retention. The adhesive allows for fiber removal and rerouting if required. The tray includes guiding walls, which establish the path of the optical fiber on the tray. The optical fiber is routed in a single layer on the tacky surface of the fiber tray. The optical fiber is supported and immobilized essentially along its entire length, including the length of the optical fiber routed on the lead-in and the lead-out sections. | 02-03-2011 |
20110026558 | LIGHT EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE - A fiber coupled semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing of such a device are disclosed. The method provides an improved stability of optical coupling during assembly of the device, whereby a higher optical power levels and higher overall efficiency of the fiber coupled device can be achieved. The improvement is achieved by attaching the optical fiber to a vertical mounting surface of a fiber mount. The platform holding the semiconductor chip and the optical fiber can be mounted onto a spacer mounted on a base. The spacer has an area smaller than the area of the platform, for mechanical decoupling of thermally induced deformation of the base from a deformation of the platform of the semiconductor device. Optionally, attaching the fiber mount to a submount of the semiconductor chip further improves thermal stability of the packaged device. | 02-03-2011 |
20100241906 | SHARING SINGLE TESTER AMONG PLURALITY OF ACTIVE COMMUNICATION LINKS - A test system for testing a communication system having a plurality of communication links is disclosed. The test system has a single tester for performing various measurement and diagnostic tasks on a single link. The test system also has a switching system for independently testing any link by coupling the tester into any one link. The tester is coupled into the link by coupling the tester input to the link's transmitter and the tester output to the link's receiver. The switching system couples the tester such that all remaining links of the communication system have a unique one of the plurality of transmitters coupled to a unique one of the plurality of receivers, whereby the operation of the communication system can be maintained while testing individual links. | 09-23-2010 |
20100239753 | PATTERNING OF A SPACER LAYER IN AN INTERFERENCE FILTER - The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a color-shifting optical device with a dielectric spacer layer such that different regions thereof have different thicknesses. The method includes: (a) coating a substrate with one of a reflector or absorber layer, (b) providing a spacer layer onto the layer coated in step (a), the spacer layer comprising a spacer material and a soluble pocket within the spacer layer, (c) modifying the spacer layer by dissolving the soluble pocket so as to remove a portion of the spacer material to vary the thickness of the spacer layer, and (d) coating the spacer layer with another of the reflector or absorber layers. | 09-23-2010 |
20100225836 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) COLOR DISPLAY SYSTEM - The present invention provides a three-dimensional (3D) color display system, and a backlight for a liquid-crystal display (LCD) panel in such a 3D color display system. The backlight comprises a right-eye backlight module, a left-eye backlight module, and a backlight control module. The right-eye backlight module transmits a right-eye first-color band, a right-eye second-color band, and a right-eye third-color band, from which right-eye images are produced, to the LCD panel. The left-eye backlight module transmits a left-eye first-color band, a left-eye second-color band, and a left-eye third-color band, from which left-eye images are produced, to the LCD panel. The backlight control module activates the right-eye backlight module during right-eye activation intervals and the left-eye backlight module during left-eye activation intervals, the right-eye activation intervals and the left-eye activation intervals alternating at a switching rate. | 09-09-2010 |
20100211859 | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DATA ALIGNMENT - A data alignment system suitable for use in manipulating the positioning of a designated portion of a data stream transmitted by a high speed communications system, so as to facilitate further processing of the data carried by the data stream. The data alignment system includes a detector and an alignment component in communication with each other. In operation, the detector locates and identifies, in accordance with suitable instructions, the designated portion of the data stream. The alignment component then repositions, in accordance with suitable instructions, the designated portion of the data stream at a predetermined location within the data stream. | 08-19-2010 |
20100150196 | Laser Diode - The present invention provides a laser diode having both a small vertical far-field beam divergence and a large vertical optical confinement factor, as well as a method of fabricating the laser diode. The laser diode comprises a layer stack of semiconductor material, which includes a mode-splitting layer having a low refractive index inserted between waveguide layers. In addition to increasing the vertical near-field beam width of the laser diode, the mode-splitting layer also produces a shoulder in an optical mode generated in an active layer of the layer stack, increasing vertical overlap of the optical mode with the active layer. | 06-17-2010 |
20100140632 | Multi-Electrode Light Emitting Device - The invention relates to a broad-band light emitting diode having an active layer composed of a plurality of light emission regions of differing materials for emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths, wherein each of the emission regions of the active layer is electrically controlled by a separate electrode for providing a broad-band emission or optical gain with a multi-point control of its spectral profile. | 06-10-2010 |
20100111464 | ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE - The present invention provides an electro-optic device comprising three or more radio-frequency (RF) signal electrodes, which each include an input segment. The input segments of the three or more RF-signal electrodes are arranged in a fractal pattern followed in an RF-signal transit direction by a parallel-bend pattern. Advantageously, this arrangement allows matching of RF-signal transit times of the input segments and near matching of RF-signal losses of the input segments. | 05-06-2010 |
20100066929 | OPTICAL VORTEX RETARDER MICRO-ARRAY - A micro-array of optical vortex retarders is provided by forming an alignment layer having a plurality of discrete alignment patches with different orientations. A layer of birefringent material, including one of a liquid crystal and a liquid crystal polymer precursor material, is provided adjacent to the alignment layer. The aligning orientation and position of each discrete alignment patch in the plurality of discrete alignment patches is selected to induce the layer of birefringent material to form at least one optical vortex retarder adjacent to a substantially non-oriented region of the alignment layer. | 03-18-2010 |
20100060987 | Optical Device Exhibiting Color Shift Upon Rotation - An optical device exhibiting a color shift upon rotation is disclosed. The optical device has a textured surface having a relief structure finer than a human eye resolution but large enough not to exhibit diffraction effects. The textured surface is coated with an interference thin film that exhibits a color shift with tilt. A uniform color seen at one angle of rotation changes to another uniform color when the optical device is rotated in its own plane. A method of manufacturing of such an optical device, as well as the use of the optical device as an optical security and authentication element, is also disclosed. | 03-11-2010 |
20100040799 | TWO-AXIAL ALIGNMENT OF MAGNETIC PLATELETS - A method of planarizing a plurality of orientable non-spherical flakes supported by a longitudinal web is disclosed. A web supporting a coating of field orientable non-spherical flakes is placed between magnets so that the fields from the magnets traverse the web. First and third magnets are provided on one side of a feedpath and a second magnet is provided between the first and third magnets on the other side of the feedpath. The first and third magnets have a same polarity and the second magnet has a complementary polarity to the first and third magnets, so that a first magnetic field spanning the feedpath is present between the first and second magnets and second magnetic field spanning the feedpath is present between the second and third magnets, wherein the magnets are positioned so that a plurality of non-spherical field orientable flakes moving along the feedpath experience a first rotation as they pass the second magnet during relative movement between the web and the magnets; The web is then moved through the fields passing the magnets and the coating is subsequently cured. | 02-18-2010 |
20100026945 | CONTRAST COMPENSATION OF MICRODISPLAY PANELS INCLUDING A HIGH ORDER WAVEPLATE - A contrast compensator for improving the panel contrast of liquid crystal (LC) microdisplays having a high-order waveplate configured as an O-plate and supporting a thin film transistor layer is provided. The contrast compensator includes a counter high-order waveplate configured as an O-plate, which has a birefringence opposite in sign to a birefringence of the thin film transistor substrate. | 02-04-2010 |
20100021658 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ORIENTING MAGNETIC FLAKES - The invention relates to a method of aligning magnetic flakes, which includes: coating a substrate with a carrier having the flakes dispersed therein, moving the substrate in a magnetic field so as to align the flakes along force lines of the magnetic field in the absence of an effect from a solidifying means, and at least partially solidifying the carrier using a solidifying means while further moving the substrate in the magnetic field so as to secure the magnetic flakes in the carrier while the magnetic field maintains alignment of the magnetic flakes. An apparatus is provided, which has a belt for moving a substrate along a magnet assembly for aligning magnetic flakes. The apparatus also includes a solidifying means, such as a UV- or e-beam source, and a cover above a portion of the magnet assembly for protecting the flakes from the effect of the solidifying means. | 01-28-2010 |
20100002275 | Security Device With Metameric Features Using Diffractive Pigment Flakes - A metameric optical structure is disclosed having first optical structures comprising diffractive flakes having diffractive structures thereon, and a second optical structures having non-diffractive flakes which may have other special effect properties, such as color shifting. At one angle of incidence or one viewing angle, near normal. The hues match and at other angles they do not match. The diffractive flakes are preferably magnetically aligned so that the grating structures are parallel. Disclosed is also an image formed of at least a first region of diffractive flakes and a second region of non-diffractive flakes wherein the regions are adjacent one another and wherein one of the regions forms a logo, symbol or indicia that appears or disappears in dependence upon the angle of viewing. | 01-07-2010 |
20090324856 | HIGH CHROMA OPTICALLY VARIABLE COLOR-SHIFTING STRAND AND WOVEN PRODUCTS - Opaque color shifting strands are disclosed that have an optically variable color with a change in angle of incident light. The strands have an organic substrate and an optical interference structure on one or both sides of the organic substrate. The optical interference design can be a Fabry-Perot structure or can be optically variable ink. Plural strands can be combined to form a textile for example such as a garment label. | 12-31-2009 |
20090324163 | High confinement waveguide on an electro-optic substrate - The invention relates to an optical device including a passive high confinement waveguide, such as of silicon-rich silicon nitride, on an electro-optic substrate, like lithium niobate, optically coupled to a waveguide in the electro-optic substrate. A wide range of electro-optic devices are enabled by this high confinement waveguide structure, including: directional couplers, compact tap couplers, folded electro-optic devices, electro-optic modulators including ring resonators, electro-optic gratings. Further applications enabled by the present invention include hybrid passive planar lightwave circuits (PLC) integrated with electro-optically active waveguides, using the high confinement waveguide as an intermediary waveguide to transfer optical power between the passive and active components. | 12-31-2009 |
20090310915 | Multiple-Pathway Optical Transmitter - Optical systems comprise one or more optical pathways including lenses that are offset with respect to each other and lenses that are offset with respect to optical fibers. | 12-17-2009 |
20090297088 | INTEGRATED ON-CHIP INDUCTORS AND CAPACITORS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF AN OPTICAL MODULATOR - An optical modulator for fiberoptic telecommunications is disclosed in which the optical signal velocity in the modulator waveguide and the electrical signal velocity in the traveling wave signal electrode are purposely mismatched by a factor of up to about 4. On-chip integrated inductors and capacitors are implemented to achieve the velocity mismatch. Improved electro-optic characteristics, such as return loss and sharper cut-off bandwidth are obtained. | 12-03-2009 |
20090283848 | Photodiode Assembly With Improved Electrostatic Discharge Damage Threshold - A photodiode with an improved electrostatic damage threshold is disclosed. A Zener or an avalanche diode is connected in parallel to a photodiode. Both diodes are integrated into the same photodiode housing. The diodes can be mounted on a common header or onto each other. An avalanche photodiode and an avalanche diode can be fabricated on a common semiconductor substrate. A regular p-n diode connected in series, cathode-to-cathode or anode-to-anode, to a Zener diode, forms a protection circuit which, when connected in parallel to a photodiode, provides a smaller electrical capacity increase as compared to a simpler circuit consisting just of a Zener or an avalanche diode. | 11-19-2009 |
20090268767 | DC COUPLED DRIVER WITH ACTIVE TERMINATION - A DC coupled driver is described for modulating a vertical cavity surface emitting laser at high speeds with active termination. High speed and low total power dissipation is achieved by improving the driver immunity to pulse reflections, which can arise due to impedance mismatch between the driver output impedance and the VCSEL impedance. The rise and fall times of the driver may be adjusted for particular applications. The driver may be fabricated using a choice of bipolar, NMOS and PMOS technologies. | 10-29-2009 |
20090252192 | REDUCED FEEDBACK OPTICAL TRANSMITTER - A device including a laser with reduced feedback. | 10-08-2009 |
20090251749 | OVD CONTAINING DEVICE - A holographic overlay is provided, including: a polycarbonate substrate having a first side and a second side, a diffractive structure cast upon the first side of the polycarbonate substrate, and a reflection-enhancing coating on at least a part of the diffractive structure; wherein the second side of the polycarbonate substrate provides a substantially flat external surface of the overlay capable of fusing to a conforming surface in the presence of heat and pressure without an adhesive. Optionally, the overlay is laser-engraved so as to form ablated voids in the metal coating and carbonize the laser engravable polycarbonate under the ablated voids. According to another aspect of the invention, a metal coating on a hologram is made substantially transparent using a laser to form a transparent portion of a hologram. Optionally, it is done after applying the hologram to an object such as a card, a document, etc., in register with underlying information to ensure its visibility and continuity of the hologram. | 10-08-2009 |
20090242934 | Photodiode And Method Of Fabrication - The present invention provides a highly reliable photodiode, as well as a simple method of fabricating such a photodiode. During fabrication of the photodiode, a grading layer is epitaxially grown on a top surface of an absorption layer, and a blocking layer, for inhibiting current flow, is epitaxially grown on a top surface of the grading layer. The blocking layer is then etched to expose a window region of the top surface of the grading layer. Thus, the etched blocking layer defines an active region of the absorption layer. A window layer is epitaxially regrown on a top surface of the blocking layer and on the window region of the top surface of the grading layer, and is then etched to form a window mesa. | 10-01-2009 |
20090242933 | Semiconductor Photodiode And Method Of Manufacture Thereof - A method of manufacture of an avalanche photodiode involving a step of making a recess in a top window layer of an avalanche photodiode layer stack, such that a wall surrounding the recess runs smoothly and gradually from the level of the recess to the level of the window layer. Further, diffusing a dopant over the entire window layer area so as to form a p-n junction at the bottom of the recess, and providing a first electrical isolation region around the recess by buried ion implantation or wet oxidation in order to limit the flow of electrical current to the p-n junction. Forming an isolation trench around the photodiode and a second electrical isolation region by ion implantation into the trench such that the second electrical isolation region runs through the absorption layer of the photodiode. | 10-01-2009 |
20090232453 | Tapered Fiber Retroreflector - An expanded-beam all-glass retroreflector for a fiber laser cavity. The retroreflector consists of a section of a tapered double-clad fiber for beam expansion, e.g. a tapered section of the laser fiber itself, or a piece of coreless fiber spliced to the laser fiber, and a reflective surface for reflection of the expanded beam back into laser cavity through the tapered fiber section. | 09-17-2009 |
20090217842 | FLAKES WITH UNDULATE BORDERS AND METHOD OF FORMING THEREOF - The invention provides a plurality of substantially same planar pigment flakes, each formed of one or more thin film layers. Each flake has a face surface and a flake border delimiting the face surface; the flake border undulates in the plane of the flake. The flakes have a pre-selected shape, may have a symbol or a grating thereon. A method of manufacturing of these flakes including the steps of: (a) providing a substrate having a plurality of one-flake regions and a plurality of depressions or protrusions disposed therebetween and not extending into the one-flake regions, (b) coating the substrate with a releasable coating, and (c) removing the releasable coating and breaking it into the flakes; wherein two adjacent of the one-flake regions are separated by at least three of the depressions or protrusions for facilitating the breaking of the releasable coating into the flakes. | 09-03-2009 |
20090202932 | Medium for laser printing including optical special effect flakes - A laser toner includes optical effect taggent flakes or other structures in a binder suitable for binding particles to a substrate. Preferably the optical effect taggent structures have a substantially same shape or same indicia within the binder sized to be suitable for laser printing. After printing the flakes or structures become bonded to the substrate they are printed upon and are discernable by viewing with magnification. | 08-13-2009 |
20090190463 | OPTICAL PICK-UP UNIT WITH TWO-MIRROR PHASE SHIFTER - Optical pick-up units (OPU), which require several light sources for reading newer formats, such as Blu-Ray, and legacy formats, such as DVD and CD, require a series of beam splitters/combiners for directing the various source light beams from the light sources along a common path. A two-mirror reflector sub-unit, in which at least one mirror includes a thin film dielectric retarder element, is used to redirect the beams traveling along the common path onto the disc-media, while imposing a 90° retardation onto the polarized light incidence, whereby light returning from the disc-media undergoes a 90° orientation change in the state of polarization from one linear polarization to the other orthogonal linear polarization. | 07-30-2009 |
20090129719 | Free-Space Integrated Photodetector With Reduced Phase Tracking Error - A Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer modulator structure for fiberoptic telecommunications is disclosed in which drift of the operating point can be monitored with a reduced phase tracking error. One or more components of free-space light radiated into the substrate of the MZ modulator are selectively detected with one or more photodetectors. Suitable summing circuits are described for nulling out undesired photocurrent contributions in the photodetector(s) from on-state and off-state light radiated from the MZ. | 05-21-2009 |
20090122402 | Achromatic Converter Of A Spatial Distribution Of Polarization Of Light - An achromatic converter of spatial distribution of polarization from a first to a second pre-defined distribution of polarization is described. The converter comprises a plurality of photo-aligned quarter-wave or half-wave liquid crystal polymer layers, wherein the patterns of alignment of the layers are correlated with each other so as to make polarization conversion achromatic. Achromatic polarization vortices can be formed. The polarization conversion efficiencies over 97% have been demonstrated over most of the visible spectrum of light. The polarization converters can be used in imaging, photolithography, optical tweezers, micromachining, and other applications. | 05-14-2009 |
20090121305 | Front-Illuminated Avalanche Photodiode - The present invention provides a front-illuminated avalanche photodiode (APD) with improved intrinsic responsivity, as well as a method of fabricating such a front-illuminated APD. The front-illuminated APD comprises an APD body of semiconductor material, which includes a substrate and a layer stack disposed on a front surface of the substrate. The layer stack includes an absorption layer, a multiplication layer, and a field-control layer. Advantageously, a back surface of the APD body is mechanically and chemically polished, and a reflector having a reflectance of greater than 90% at the absorption wavelength band is disposed on the back surface of the APD body. Thus, incident light that is not absorbed in a first pass through the absorption layer is reflected by the reflector for a second pass through the absorption layer, increasing the intrinsic responsivity of the front-illuminated APD. | 05-14-2009 |
20090103867 | Variable Optical Attenuator - A compact variable optical attenuator having optical-tap functionality is described comprising a planar waveguide attenuator, a lens, and a photodetector. Input and output waveguides are located close to the optical axis of the lens, which reduces optical aberrations and insertion loss. The waveguide attenuator works by light absorption with virtually no scattered light present, which improves fidelity of measurements of the tapped optical power by the photodetector. The entire tap-attenuator assembly is packaged into a small form pluggable (SFP) package having two optical connectors. | 04-23-2009 |
20090097843 | Optical Phase Modulator With Monitoring Structure - The invention relates to an optical waveguide device that includes a waveguide phase modulator (WPM). A waveguide monitoring structure is coupled optically in parallel with the WPM so as to form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer therewith for producing monitor light indicative of a phase shift imparted by the WPM. The waveguide monitoring structure includes a first optical tap for tapping off a fraction of light entering the first WPM for providing first tapped-off light, a second optical tap for tapping off a fraction of light exiting the first WPM for providing second tapped off light, and an ancillary phase modulator for modulating the optical phase of the first or second tapped-off light so as to modulate the intensity of the monitor light in dependence upon the first phase shift. A feedback circuit controls the phase shift imparted by the WPM based on a modulation index of the monitor light. | 04-16-2009 |
20090093982 | External Optical Modulator With Domain Inversion For Providing Constant Chirp Versus Frequency - The invention relates to an external optical modulator comprising a Mach-Zehnder having a signal electrode including at least four sections of unequal length to one another positioned over an alternating domain structure in an electrooptic substrate, and including a center section, or center pair of sections disposed asymmetrically between pairs surrounding sections. The surrounding pairs, comprise the two sections adjacent the center section or pair of sections, and each two sections adjacent the previous pair of sections, moving outwardly from the center to the final outermost pair, L | 04-09-2009 |
20090091819 | Apparatus And Method For Flattening Gain Profile Of An Optical Amplifier - A change in loading conditions of fiber amplifiers in an optical communications network causes rapid variations in the gain profile of the amplifiers due to spectral hole burning and stimulated Raman scattering. An apparatus for reducing such gain profile variations is described which monitors optical signal perturbations and reacts by adjusting pump powers of the amplifiers and, or fast variable optical attenuator according to a predetermined function stored in the form of constants in controller's memory. The optical signal is monitored as total power, and the power of light after passing through one or more optical filters. The light detection is relatively fast, whereby the gain profile variations are compensated by fast controlled variable optical attenuator and pump power adjustment upon the change in loading conditions. | 04-09-2009 |
20090081460 | Reinforced Glitter - The reinforced opaque glitter particles have a substantially uniform shape and size. Each of the particles includes a reflective core supported by a transparent organic substrate and one or more robustness-improving layers for providing rigidity to the particle. Optionally, the particles have lacquer layers at a surface of the particle. One example of a robustness-improving layer is an inorganic transparent protective layer having a thickness of at least 20 nm adjacent directly to the aluminum layer. Another example is an adhesion promoting layer directly adjacent to the transparent organic substrate. | 03-26-2009 |
20090072185 | Anisotropic Magnetic Flakes - The invention relates to anisotropic, reflective, magnetic flakes. In a liquid carrier and under influence of an external magnetic field, the flakes attract to one another side-by-side and form ribbons which provide higher reflectivity to a coating and may be used as a security feature for authentication of an object. | 03-19-2009 |
20090060444 | Optical Fiber Holder And Heat Sink - An optical fiber holding device is disclosed having an optical fiber held therein. The device has a base with a spiral channel in an upper surface holding and housing the optical fiber. The channel has a first location where the fiber enters leading to a plurality of turnings for holding the optical fiber wrapped therearound at another end a second location where the fiber exits the channel wherein the bend radius of the optical fiber housed within the spiral channel is at least 2 cm. The dimensions are such that housing forms a heat sink allowing heat within the fiber to dissipate within the base. The spiral channel is preferably designed to keep the fiber within the channel and to prevent it from inadvertently springing out spring tension of the bent fiber holds the fiber within the groove or channel. | 03-05-2009 |
20090052857 | Component Assembly And Fabrication Method - The present invention relates to a component assembly and to a method of fabricating such a component assembly. The component assembly includes a substrate, a mount attached to the substrate, and a component attached to the mount with solder by melting the solder with light from a light source. The mount is composed of a ceramic material having properties advantageous for soldering using a light source. As a first property, the ceramic material is optically absorptive to enable the mount to be heated by the light from the light source. As a second property, the ceramic material has a first thermal conductivity at an operating temperature of the component and a second thermal conductivity at a melting point of the solder, the second thermal conductivity being at least 25% lower than the first thermal conductivity. | 02-26-2009 |
20090046288 | Scanning Spectrometer With Multiple Photodetectors - A scanning optical spectrometer with a detector array is disclosed, in which position of focused spot of light at the input of a dispersive element such as arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with a slab input, is scanned using a micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) tiltable micromirror so as to make the dispersed spectrum of light scan over the detector array coupled to the AWG. Sub-spectra recorded using individual detectors are concatenated by a processor unit to obtain the spectrum of input light. | 02-19-2009 |
20090020841 | Mesa-Type Photodetectors With Lateral Diffusion Junctions - The present invention relates to a stable mesa-type photodetector with lateral diffusion junctions. The invention has found that without resorting to the complicated regrowth approach, a simple Zn diffusion process can be used to create high-quality semiconductor junction interfaces at the exposed critical surface or to terminate the narrow-bandgap photon absorption layers. The invention converts the epi material layers near or at the vicinity of the etched mesa trench or etched mesa steps into a different dopant type through impurity diffusion process. Preferably the diffused surfaces are treated with a subsequent surface passivation. This invention can be applied to both top-illuminating and bottom-illuminating configurations. | 01-22-2009 |
20090020782 | Avalanche Photodiode With Edge Breakdown Suppression - The invention relates to an avalanche photodiode having enhanced gain uniformity enabled by a tailored diffused p-n junction profile. The tailoring is achieved by a two stage doping process incorporating a solid source diffusion in combination with conventional gas source diffusion. The solid source diffusion material is selected for its solubility to the dopant compared to the solubility of the multiplication layer to dopant. The solid source has a diameter between the first and second diffusion windows. Thus, there are three distinct diffusion regions during the second diffusion. The dopant in the multiplication layer at the edge region, the dopant from the solid source material with a relatively higher dopant concentration (limited by the solubility of the dopant in the solid source material) at the intermediate region, and the central region exposed to an infinite diffusion source from the solid source material as it is continually charged with new dopant from the external gas source. The result is that both the dopant concentration and the diffusion depth decrease gradually from the center to the edge of the device. This tailored diffusion profile enables control of the electric field distribution such that edge breakdown is suppressed. | 01-22-2009 |
20090011531 | Semiconductor Laser With Narrow Beam Divergence - The invention relates to a method of reducing vertical divergence of a high-power semiconductor laser with a negligible threshold current and conversion efficiency penalty. The low divergence is achieved by increasing the thickness of the n-cladding layer in an asymmetric laser diode stack structure, to a value ranging from 1 to 4 times the laser mode size measured at 10% level. The divergence may be tuned by adjusting the n-cladding layer parameters in an area of the tail the optical mode, measuring 0.03% or less of the maximal optical power density of said optical mode. | 01-08-2009 |
20090009752 | Method And Apparatus For Referencing A MEMS Device - A method and an apparatus for calibrating a MEMS actuator of a hybrid MEMS-PLC optical switch or router is described. Two calibrating waveguides, embedded monolithically adjacent to the waveguides that provide the PLC output functions, are used for referencing a MEMS mirror tilt angle by maximizing optical coupling of light, reflected off the MEMS mirror, into one or each of the two calibrating waveguides. The input light is provided by either a waveguide carrying a live optical signal, or by a special input waveguide, coupled to an LED, for providing a calibrating light. Two emitting waveguides, embedded monolithically adjacent to the waveguides that provide the PLC input functions, can be used. | 01-08-2009 |
20090009668 | Non-Etched Flat Polarization-Selective Diffractive Optical Elements - A polarization-selective diffractive optical element includes a liquid crystal polymer film supported by a substrate. The liquid crystal polymer film includes an array of pixels, each pixel encoded with a fixed liquid crystal director such that each liquid crystal director is aligned in a common plane perpendicular to the liquid crystal polymer film and provides a predetermined pattern of out-of-plane tilts. A size of the pixels in the array and the predetermined pattern are selected such that the liquid crystal polymer film forms a phase hologram for diffracting light polarized parallel to said common plane and a zeroth order diffraction grating for light polarized perpendicular to the said common plane. The non-etched and flat phase hologram is suitable for a wide range of applications. | 01-08-2009 |
20090008773 | Mounted Semiconductor Device And A Method For Making The Same - A method for mounting a semiconductor device onto a composite substrate, including a submount and a heat sink, is described. According to one aspect of the invention, the materials for the submount and the heat sink are chosen so that the value of coefficient of thermal expansion of the semiconductor device is in between the values of coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials of the submount and the heat sink, the thickness of the submount being chosen so as to equalize thermal expansion of the semiconductor device to that of the surface of the submount the device is mounted on. According to another aspect of the invention, the semiconductor device, the submount, and the heat sink are soldered into a stack at a single step of heating, which facilitates reduction of residual post-soldering stresses. | 01-08-2009 |
20090004406 | Kit For Providing An Image On A Substrate - A kit for producing optically variable images is disclosed wherein the kit includes a special effect pigment having particles that are magnetically alignable, a magnet for aligning the particles and a scribing tool for personalizing an image. Alternatively or in addition the kit can include e-field responsive flakes in a carrier vehicle and an electric field source for aligning said flakes. A stylus may be included for moving or changing the alignment of a portion of the flakes that have been aligned in the magnetic or electric field. | 01-01-2009 |
20090002579 | Near Halfwave Retarder For Contrast Compensation - Contrast compensation for a liquid crystal display projection system is provided with a trim retarder that includes a single-layer retarder element that has an in-plane retardance that is shifted from a zero-order half-wave at a predetermined wavelength by a predetermined amount. This near half-wave plate provides similar contrast compensation and azimuthal angle sensitivity to conventional relatively low-magnitude trim retarders, yet is readily fabricated with inorganic birefringent crystals with a manageable thickness tolerance. | 01-01-2009 |
20080310027 | Light Source - An apparatus for coupling radiation of individual laser diode emitters into a common optical fiber is disclosed. The radiation is collimated along fast axis and combined by using crossed pairs of flat mirrors. The combined beams are collimated by a common slow axis collimating lens. The laser diode emitters are disposed on both sides of an optical axis of the slow axis collimating lens such that the optical path lengths from the emitters to the slow axis collimating lens are equal. | 12-18-2008 |
20080298416 | Mesa Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser - The present invention provides an improved mesa vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), in which a first distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mesa of semiconductor material is disposed on a top surface of an active layer. A contact annulus is disposed on a contact region of a top surface of the first DBR mesa, such that an inner circumference of the contact annulus defines a window region of the top surface of the first DBR mesa. A second DBR mesa of dielectric material is disposed on the window region. Whereas the first DBR mesa has a first reflectance at a lasing wavelength that is insufficient to sustain lasing in the active layer, the first DBR mesa and the second DBR mesa together have a total reflectance at the lasing wavelength that is sufficient to sustain lasing in the active layer under the window region. | 12-04-2008 |
20080292239 | Adiabatic Waveguide Transitions - The invention relates to waveguiding structures in planar lightwave circuit devices that include a transition region between a slab waveguide and channel waveguides to reduce optical coupling loss. In particular star couplers and arrayed waveguide gratings incorporating the transition region of the present invention demonstrate reduced insertion loss. By creating a transition region composed of transverse rows intersecting the output waveguide array, where the rows have equal dimensions and the effective refractive index is controlled by increasing the spacing width gradually from row to row, an adiabatic transition is created from slab waveguide to channel waveguide array. This structure provides low insertion loss within practical manufacturing tolerances. In addition, the present invention has found that by incorporating the transition region of the present invention into an AWG, the reduced insertion loss can be controlled as uniform insertion loss across the channels. | 11-27-2008 |
20080290179 | Method Of Recording Machine-Readable Information - The invention relates to a method of recording machine-readable information on an article, including the steps of: providing a carrier having flakes dispersed therein onto the surface of the article, wherein all of the flakes have a beam-splitting grating pattern encoding the information thereon; aligning the flakes parallel to a sloped plane forming a slope angle with the surface of the article; and, solidifying the carrier. When the article is irradiated with an EM beam, a first portion of the EM beam is reflected from the surface of the article, forming a surface reflection, a second portion of the beam is reflected from the beam-splitting grating pattern, forming an arrangement of sub-beams, and the slope angle provides a spatial separation between the arrangement of sub-beams and the surface reflection, enabling machine-reading. | 11-27-2008 |
20080286501 | Structured surfaces that exhibit color by rotation - An optically variable device is disclosed having a substrate with an array of pyramidal structures formed upon it or within it. The structures are coated with an optically variable color-shifting coating. Each of the structures form a pyramidal-like having at least three slanted faces and wherein one or more colors seen when viewing the pyramids vary as substrate is rotated at least 30 degrees about an axis orthogonal to the substrate. In order to see a color shift the device is rotated around the surface normal of the substrate, while keeping the angle of incidence to the light source the same, and keeping the viewing angle the same. Various forms of pyramids may be used, however pyramids with planar faces are most suitable. | 11-20-2008 |
20080278816 | Structured surfaces that exhibit color by rotation - An optically variable device is disclosed having a substrate with an array of pyramidal structures formed upon it or within it. The structures are preferably formed by printing pyramids with an optically variable color-shifting ink using an Intaglio-like printing process. Alternatively the structure can be formed by embossing a layer of ink with positive pyramids so as to yield an array of positive embossed pyramids. Each of the structures form a pyramidal-like having at least three slanted faces and wherein one or more than one color is seen when viewing the pyramids vary as substrate is rotated at least 30 degrees about an axis orthogonal to the substrate. In order to see a color shift the device is rotated around the surface normal of the substrate, while keeping the angle of incidence to the light source the same, and keeping the viewing angle the same. Various forms of pyramids may be used, however pyramids with planar faces are most suitable. | 11-13-2008 |
20080252800 | Twisted Nematic xLCD Contrast Compensation With Tilted-Plate Retarders - Contrast compensation for a liquid crystal display projection system including a light source, a first polarizer, a liquid crystal display panel, and a second polarizer is provided using a tilted compensating plate. The compensating plate includes a first birefringent element having an optic axis oriented at a first angle to the plate normal, where the first angle is greater than zero degrees (e.g., an A-plate or O-plate), and a second birefringent element having an optic axis oriented at a second angle to the plate normal, where the second angle is substantially equal to zero degrees (e.g., a C-plate). The compensating plate is tilted relative to a plane of the liquid crystal display panel. The tilted compensating plate has been shown to provide improved contrast compensation for twisted nematic liquid crystal displays. | 10-16-2008 |
20080248255 | Three-dimensional orientation of grated flakes - The invention relates to a coating on a surface, including a carrier and a plurality of flakes dispersed therein. The flakes are oriented quasi-normally to the surface and have grooves extending quasi-parallel to the surface, wherein the plurality of flakes forms at least 50% of all grated flakes in the coating. The invention also relates to a method of aligning the flakes using external fields of different orientations. | 10-09-2008 |
20080236447 | Flake For Covert Security Applications - Taggent flakes for covert security applications have a covert security feature not typically seen by casual observation, but visible under a microscope. The covert feature is a predefined shape of the flakes, optionally complemented by indicia. The shaped taggent flakes can be opaque or light-transmissive, colored or essentially clear. The flakes are used in a composition, such as ink or paint, to provide a covert security feature to an object. In some embodiments the composition includes base pigments and shaped taggent flakes matching the visual characteristics of the base pigment. In another embodiment, clear covert flakes are mixed in the carrier with base pigment. The composition is used to print a field on the object, such as a stock certificate or bank note. The covert flakes are not readily detectable by causal observation under visible light. | 10-02-2008 |
20080235418 | Optical Data Link - The invention provides an optically powered device interface module for operating an external device, and an optically powered data link comprising the same. In one embodiment the device interface module includes an optical interface for receiving optical power and data signals, an electrical USB interface for providing USB compliant electrical data signals and a 5V electrical power signal to an external USB device, a transducer coupled to a signal processor for converting the optical power and data signals into the 5V electrical power signal and the USB-compliant electrical data signals, and a power distribution circuit for providing electrical power obtained from the optical power signal to the device interface module circuitry. The transducer may be embodied using a single photovoltaic power converter for receiving the optical power and for receiving and transmitting optical data signals. | 09-25-2008 |
20080233401 | Surface Treated Flake - The instant invention provides an asymmetrical orientable flake for use in a carrier. The flake includes a metal reflector layer and a coating of a carrier-repellent material coated on a single side of the flake, for orienting the flake in the carrier so that the flake rests upon the carrier having a first side at least partially out of the carrier and a second side immersed in the carrier. The flake has an asymmetrical feature, such as a color shifting coating on a single surface of the reflector layer. Alternatively, the asymmetrical feature is either a relief symbol or an asymmetrical profile of the flake. | 09-25-2008 |
20080226844 | Space-Variant Liquid Crystal Waveplate - The invention provides a space-variant liquid-crystal (LC) photo-aligned waveplate having a vortex optic axis pattern, and an apparatus and method for fabricating thereof. The method in it preferred embodiment includes exposing a substrate coated with a photo-alignable material such as LPP to linearly polarized UV radiation through a wedge-shaped aperture, while rotating two of the aperture, the substrate and the polarization of the UV light, so that an exposure area performs a full rotation about a center point on the substrate, at angular velocities selected so as to form a vortex alignment pattern of a pre-defined order. An LC material is then deposited on the substrate in direct contact with the photo-alignable material so that the LC director is aligned according to the photo-induced vortex alignment pattern. The method enables to fabricate vortex waveplate of any pre-defined vortex order. | 09-18-2008 |
20080223716 | Method And Control System For Depositing A Layer - A method and control system are provided for depositing a layer in a sputter-deposition system having a target cathode. A first dependence relationship of a deposition rate of the layer on an operating parameter, selected from cathode voltage, cathode current, and cathode power, is provided prior to deposition of the layer. A second dependence relationship of the operating parameter on time is measured during deposition of the layer, while a different operating parameter, also selected from cathode voltage, cathode current, and cathode power, is held substantially constant. On the basis of the first and second dependence relationships, a deposition time for the layer is dynamically determined during deposition of the layer. | 09-18-2008 |
20080223714 | Method And Sputter-Deposition System For Depositing A Layer Composed Of A Mixture Of Materials And Having A Predetermined Refractive Index - A method and sputter-deposition system for depositing a layer composed of a mixture of materials and having a predetermined refractive index are provided. The sputter-deposition system includes a plurality of target cathodes, each of which comprises a target material having a different composition, that are powered by a single DC power supply. The plurality of target cathodes are cosputtered to deposit a layer composed of a mixture of materials on a substrate. The composite refractive index of the layer is controlled by adjusting an operating parameter of the plurality of target cathodes. Suitable operating parameters include cathode power, cathode voltage, cathode current, an angle between a cathode support and the substrate, and a flow rate of a reactive gas. | 09-18-2008 |
20080205845 | Variable Optical Attenuator - A variable optical attenuator is disclosed, which attenuates a beam of light while preserving its polarization substantially independent of wavelength. The beam of light is attenuated by a filter patterned with a grating of blocking stripes with serrated edges, which partially block and partially transmit the beam of light, respectively. The serrated edges provide for low polarization dependent loss. Along a length of the filter, a mark to space ratio of blocking stripe and aperture widths increases. By a linear translation of the filter along its length attenuation can be varied to a desired value. A stepper motor with lead screw can provide a suitable linear translation to give the filter a latching property. | 08-28-2008 |