Earache - Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an ear infection is usually quite simple. A patient's complaint about pain in the ear is a strong hint of the problem. A simple physical examination usually confirms the diagnosis. The doctor can look into the ear with the unaided eye or with an instrument that shines light into the ear. The ear usually looks red and swollen if an infection is present.

An infection of the middle ear can usually be diagnosed by examining the tympanic membrane. The membrane itself will appear red and swollen. The pattern produced by the ossicles on the membrane may also be characteristic of an infection. Under normal circumstances, this pattern has a distinctive shape called a "landmark." When the middle ear becomes infected, the landmark may no longer be visible.

The microorganism responsible for the infection can be determined by taking a culture. A clean cotton swab is wiped on the inner surface of the ear, and a small sample of tissue is removed. In the case of otitis media, fluid leaking from the middle ear can also be taken. These samples can then be incubated (kept in a warm, moist place) to encourage the growth of bacteria and viruses. After twenty-four to forty-eight hours, the samples can be studied under a microscope to determine which microorganisms are present.