USB Digital Camera HOWTO

Then, there are cameras supporting the so-called USB Mass Storage protocol. This is a protocol that has been published and lets you access any storage device, be it a camera or a disk connected via USB to your computer. As there are already drivers for this protocol out there, you don't need an additional program like gphoto2.
As of now, the following cameras seem to support the USB Mass Storage protocol:
Casio QV [2x00,3x00,8000]
Fuji FinePix S1 Pro, [1400,2400,4700]Zoom, 1300, 4500
HP PhotoSmart 315, 618, 912
Leica Digilux 4.3
Konica KD300Z
Kyocera Finecam s3
Minolta Dimage 7
Nikon Coolpix 995
Olympus C-100, C-200Z, C-700, C-860L, C-2040, C-3020Z, C-3040Z, C-4040Zoom, D-510, E-10
Pentax Optio 330
Sony DSC-F505(V), DSC P5, DSC-F707
Again, those cameras cannot be accessed through gphoto2.
Other cameras support a protocol called PTP or USB Imaging Devices that has been developed by Kodak and other. gphoto2 does not support PTP yet, but jPhoto does. Here is a short list of cameras that use this protocol:
Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, MC3 and all the cameras that use Kodak Easy Share™ system.
Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 (both need user configuration of the camera)
These cameras won't be supported until gphoto2 implements PTP.

Chapter 2. Assumptions

My system is a Athlon 900 with a 40 gig hard drive. I have no SCSI or USB devices. My kernel was compiled without any of the SCSI or USB drivers. I compiled the SCSI and USB drivers as modules. I have version 2.4.8_26mdk of the Linux kernel with Mandrake 8.1. Since we are working on the kernel level, this document should be applicable to any distro.

I also make the following assumptions in this document:

You do not have any SCSI or USB modules loaded or mounted.
You are the superuser and have the root password.
The word camera can refer to a device of type camera, card reader, any USB mass storage device.
The mount point "camera", /mnt/camera, does not refer to a device in the aforementioned context. Look in the directory /mnt and you will probably see cdrom, disk, floppy, and maybe several others device names. In mine, you will see these plus "camera". These are directories, and they are mount points.
The symbol "[bash]$" means the command line prompt. Do not type it when you are entering a command. It is where you type the command line to give user input to the computer.

Chapter 3. Preliminary Setup

At this point you need to make some decisions. You will need to create a directory for a mount point, and you will need a name for this directory. I use camera and place it in /mnt. The name of the directory (camera in my case) can be any word of your choice. The command for creating this directory is:

[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 /mnt/camera

I prefer for all my pictures to be in one directory with subdirectories by subject matter, so I also created a directory named picture, and placed it in my home directory. The name of the directory (picture in my case) can be any word of your choice. The command for creating this directory is:

[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 ~/picture

See Section A.1, listed at the end of this document.

The big decision! Are you going to do this as "user" or "superuser/root"?

Chapter 4. The Script Files

The following script file is the result of reading several of the Linux newsgroups and a lot of HOWTOs and manuals. I take no credit for originality but confess that this is a compilation of what those more experienced have told me. A very big thank you to all those in the newsgroups who responded to my questions and the ones posted by others who were seeking this information.

To get started, using your favorite text editor select a name for the file and, type in the following script for a user or superuser.

4.1. If You Login as User

Type in the following script file:

echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures."
read DIRPATH
mkdir ~/picture/$DIRPATH
su -c "/sbin/modprobe usb-storage; mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera;
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start;
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg ~/picture/$DIRPATH;
umount /mnt/camera;
chown -R your_login_name ~/picture/$DIRPATH"

4.2. If You Login as Superuser

If you are not creating this script for use as superuser, go to Section 4.3.

Type in the following script file.

echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures."
read DIRPATH
mkdir picture/$DIRPATH
/sbin/modprobe usb-storage
mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;
umount /mnt/camera
chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH

4.3. Make it Executable

Now make the script file executable. The command for that is:

As user:

[bash]$ su -c "chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name"

As superuser:

[bash#] chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name

4.4. What is Happening while the script is running

When you run the script, it will create a subject matter directory. DIRPATH should describe the pictures and is entered at the prompt. If your_script_file_name = getcamJ,(J for getting the pictures with .jpg extensions) the command sequence would look like this:

[bash]$ getcamJ
Please enter a directory name for the pictures.
bash]$ something
Password: 
[bash]$ your root password

If you run this script file in superuser mode the rest of this paragraph does not apply. You have to be superuser to run this. Consequently, the 'su' command. The -c flag will let you execute one command and return to your present working directory. The quotation marks allow you to enter more that one command. And the semicolon allows one command to execute right after the last.

/sbin/modprobe usb-storage: modprobe will install the USB mass storage module along with any other modules or drivers needed. Mainly the SCSI driver. Make sure that you have in your /dev directory the following entries. sda0, sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, sdb2, sdb3, sdb4. Set sda1 to the appropriate device if you have other SCSI devices mounted, probably sdb1.

Mount your SCSI driver: mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera

Start your USB: /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start

Move your pictures from your camera to your hard drive. mv will also remove your pictures from your camera: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;

Unmount your SCSI driver: umount /mnt/camera

Then: chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH. When you do something as superuser (su) or root, root owns those files/pictures. Some of the things you may want to do to these files/pictures may give you a permission denied error. This allows the user to work without those errors. Read the manual for more information.

My system is set up with no USB or SCSI compiled into the kernel. All this was compiled as modules. This script file assumes your system is the same. If not, you will have to make some modifications. Please read the manuals and HOWTOs. Or ask on one of the Linux newsgroups.

Chapter 5. Exploring and Fine Tuning

OK, you should be set up and ready to do some exploring. Go take some trash pictures with your camera in all the different formats. Mine will take in 4 formats, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, and MPEG, and it also provides a thumbnail of each picture. In my Sony P-50 these will be stored on the memory media in 4 different sub-folders, 100msdcf, imcif100, thm, and moml0001. These are in 2 folders, dcim, and mssony. You need to find how your camera names the directories. You can do this in the following manner:

Copy the above script file to a working file name.
With your text editor change line: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH to mv /mnt/camera/* picture/$DIRPATH
Run the script from a command line as follows:
[bash]$ ./your_script_file_name
(notice the dot and forward slash)

5.1. DON'T PANIC

THE MODIFIED SCRIPT FILE MAY GIVE YOU SOME ERRORS. Just ignore them for now. Before you panic and say it does not work, look and see if you have pictures. If you do, write down the directory path names. Go back to your text editor and substitute them for dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg in the script file. You may want to make several script files to handle the each of the different picture formats.

At this point the directory on your hard drive should look something like Section A.2. Enter this command to confirm it does:

[bash]$ dir -R name-of-your-picture-directory

The information in this document and the manuals and HOWTOs should get you up and running.

Good Luck.

Dave

Chapter 6. Troubleshooting or PANIC!

If nothing has gone right, let's do some troubleshooting. Use your camera and see if you still have pictures on it. If you do, skip the rest of this paragraph. If you don't, they should be someplace, check again. If not, and you can not find them, go take some more. Turn your camera off and plug it in and boot up again.

Check to see if the mount point unlinked by mv,/mnt/camera is there. If it's gone create it again. Sometimes the mount point disappears in modified mode. Also, I have notice on my system that sometimes the SCSI device in /dev (sda1) gets removed. Check that also and replace if needed.

Clean up all the extra directories you got from the script you ran that produced the errors and run your new script with the directories and see if it works. To make it easier to clean up all the directories and files you may have to su - if you're in user mode. Be sure to change back when you get through. See Appendix C at the end of this document.

Type:

[bash]$ dmesg

and you should see this somewhere:

hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2
usb.c: USB device 2 (vend/prod 0x54c/0x10) is not claimed by any active driver. (The 
0x54c/0x10 will be different for different vendors.)

If you see this, your USB mass storage device in recognized.

Now turn your camera on and run the script file (the modified one) and you should see something like this when you run dmesg again:

[bash]$ dmesg

SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage
scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Vendor: Sony Model: Sony DSC Rev: 3.22
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured
USB Mass Storage device found at 2
USB Mass Storage support registered.
Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
SCSI device sda: 126848 512-byte hdwr sectors (65 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
/dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1
usb-uhci.c: interrupt, status 3, frame# 1628

Now run this command and read Appendix B.

[bash]$ lsmod

If the information from running lsmod appears as in Appendix B,and your dmesg shows the information listed above, and there are no pictures, I don't know what is wrong. Unfortunately, the only thing I know to do is go thru the whole process again. Only this time use the re-direction option >filename to capture the results. Post this to one of these 2 newsgroups:

alt.OS.Linux.mandrake
comp.OS.Linux.hardware

telling what you've done and ask for help. Include everything you can think of, the more information the better, and e-mail me at the same time. My address is: daveekelly@earthlink.net.

Chapter 7. Last Things Last

After you have got everything working correctly and working just the way you want it to, this is something you can do if you want to. Not required. You can continue to run the executable script file from the directory you wrote it in with the dot slash option preceding the name (./) or you can install it in one of the directories that hold other executable applications. I would recommend /usr/sbin. The command for that is:

[bash]$ install file_name /usr/sbin

Appendix A. Appendix A

A.1. PART 1

This is the way I want my picture directory to be set up. A primary directory picture and a sub-directory describing the content smkbot.

picture/smkbot:
dsc00117.jpg dsc00120.jpg dsc00123.jpg dsc00126.jpg dsc00129.jpg 
dsc00118.jpg dsc00121.jpg dsc00124.jpg dsc00127.jpg dsc00130.jpg 
dsc00119.jpg dsc00122.jpg dsc00125.jpg dsc00128.jpg dsc00131.jpg

A.2. PART 2

With the modified version of the script file you have the pictures scattered over several directories. But right now, this is what we want.

picture/trash:
camera

picture/trash/camera:
dcim mssony

picture/trash/camera/dcim:
100msdcf

picture/trash/camera/dcim/100msdcf:
dsc00357.jpg dsc00360.jpg dsc00363.jpg txt00365.gif
dsc00358.jpg dsc00361.jpg dsc00364.jpg txt00365.thm
dsc00359.jpg dsc00362.jpg dsc00366.jpg

picture/trash/camera/mssony:
imcif100

picture/trash/camera/mssony/imcif100:
dsc00364.jpg dsc00366.tif

Appendix B. Appendix B

What we want to see here is the word usb-storage under the Used by column:

Module       Size      Used by
nls_iso8859-12880  0   (autoclean)
nls_cp437 4400  0   (autoclean)
sd_mod11792  0   (autoclean)
vfat 9968  0   (autoclean)
fat 32192  0  (autoclean) [vfat]
usb-storage 52528 0
scsi_mod 91072 2 [sd_mod usb-storage]
ppp_deflate 42208 0  (autoclean)
bsd_comp  4576  0  (autoclean)
ppp_async 6672  0  (autoclean)
ppp_generic 19616  0  (autoclean) [ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_async]
slhc 5136  0  (autoclean) [ppp_generic]
parport_pc  20240 1  (autoclean)
lp 5808  0  (autoclean)
parport  24768  1 (autoclean) [parport_pc lp]
es1371 26768  1
soundcore 4208  4 [es1371]
ac97_codec  9312  0  [es1371]
gameport  1856  0  [es1371]
af_packet  12560  0 (autoclean)
ip_vs 62000  0  (autoclean)
usb-uhci  21232  0  (unused)
usbcore  50752  1 [usb-storage usb-uhci]
rtc 5600  0  (autoclean)

Appendix C. Appendix C

When you go to clean up all those test directories, use the following command. BUT BE VERY VERY CAREFUL:

[bash]$ rm -Rf picture/test_directory

You could lose more than you bargin for, test_directory should be what you entered for $DIRPATH in the scripts above. (It never hurts for first time user to slip over somewhere else and create a directory tree, copy file to it, and test this command line before using it on something irreplacable.) Again read the manual.

Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License

Version 1.1, March 2000

Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

D.1. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

D.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.

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You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

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If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

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In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."

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You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

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D.12. How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

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