interrogations of Binalshibh, Dec. 11, 2002; Apr. 17, 2003. FBI report,"Summary of Penttbom Investigation," Feb.
29, 2004 (classified version), pp. 8990.
158. FBI report, Moussaoui, Zacarias, a.k.a. Shaqil, Aug. 18, 2001, pp. 7, 11; FBI briefing materials, Penttbom,
Dec. 1011, 2003, p. 148 (citing 315N-NY-280350-302, serial 98252).
159. FBI report,"Summary of Penttbom Investigation," Feb. 29, 2004 (classified version), p. 90; DOJ Inspector
General interview of John Weess, Oct. 22, 2002; FBI letterhead memorandum,"Moussaoui, Zacarias,"Aug. 31, 2001.
160. Intelligence report, interrogation of KSM, July 2, 2003; Intelligence report, interrogation of KSM, Sept.
11, 2003.
161. Intelligence reports, interrogations of KSM, July 1, 2003; July 8, 2003. In addition to Moussaoui, the two
al Qaeda operatives identified by KSM as candidates for the second wave of attacks were Abderraouf Jdey, a.k.a.
Faruq al Tunisi (a Canadian passport holder, discussed earlier as a candidate hijacker) and Zaini Zakaria, a.k.a. Mussa
(a Jemaah Islamiah member who worked in Hambali's Malaysia stronghold and was directed by Atef to enroll in
flight training sometime in 2000, according to KSM). Intelligence report, interrogation of KSM, July 8, 2003; Intel-
ligence report, interrogation of Hambali, Mar. 4, 2004.
162. Intelligence report, interrogation of Binalshibh,Apr. 17, 2003.According to Binalshibh, KSM said that the
operative had been raised and educated in Europe and that his arrest resulted, at least in part, from his having been
insufficiently discreet. KSM identified this operative as an exception in Bin Ladin's overall record of selecting the
right people for the 9/11 attacks. Intelligence report, interrogation of Binalshibh, Dec. 18, 2002. Subsequently, how-
ever, Binalshibh has sought, somewhat incredibly, to exculpate a host of individuals, including Moussaoui, from com-
plicity in the 9/11 plot. Intelligence report, interrogation of Binalshibh, Apr. 2, 2004.
163. For Binalshibh's claims, see Intelligence reports, interrogations of Binalshibh, Nov. 7, 2002; Feb. 13, 2003;
Feb. 27, 2003. On KSM, see intelligence report, interrogation of KSM, July 2, 2003.
164. Jarrah returned to the United States on August 5, 2001. INS record, arrival record of Jarrah,Aug. 5, 2001.
165. FBI report,"Hijackers Timeline," Dec. 5, 2003 (citing 315N-NY-280350-302, serial 14139; Boston elec-
tronic communication).The communications were recovered from materials seized during the March 2003 cap-
ture of KSM. For background, see Intelligence reports, interrogations of KSM, Aug. 13, 2002 (two cables);
Intelligence report, documents captured with KSM, Sept. 24, 2003.
166. Intelligence reports, interrogation of KSM, Aug. 12, 2003. Binalshibh, however, has denied that law and
politics referred to two separate targets; he claims that both terms referred to the U.S. Capitol, even though in the
context of the exchange it seems clear that two different targets were contemplated. Intelligence report, interroga-
tions of Binalshibh, Sept. 11, 2003 (two reports).
167. CIA notes,"DRG Research Notes," Jan. 17, 2004. In another exchange between Atta and Binalshibh on
September 9--two days before the attacks--it still appears as though the White House would be the primary tar-
get for the fourth plane and the U.S. Capitol the alternate. See CIA report, Documents captured with KSM, Sept.
24, 2003.
168. On the Atta-Binalshibh communication, see Intelligence report, interrogation of Binalshibh, Sept. 11, 2003.
On Kahtani's attempt to enter the U.S., see INS record, withdrawal of application for admission of Kahtani, Aug.
4, 2001. For Hawsawi, see Intelligence report, interrogation of detainee, Apr. 3, 2003.
169. On Atta's trip to Newark, see FBI report,"Summary of Penttbom Investigation," Feb. 29, 2004, p. 50. On
arrivals in Florida, see FBI report,"Hijackers Timeline," Dec. 5, 2004 (citing 315N-NY-280350, serials 388, 5860;
315N-NY-280350-BS, serial 294; 315N-NY-280350-302, serial 66933). On travel to Las Vegas, see ibid. (citing
315N-NY-280350-LV, serial 53299; 315N-NY-280350-302, serial 110).Atta's flight from Washington, D.C., arrived
in Las Vegas within an hour of Hazmi and Hanjour's arrival. Ibid.The three hijackers stayed in Las Vegas only one
night, departing on August 14. Ibid. (citing 315N-NY-280350-DL, serial 829; 315N-NY-280350-SD, serial 569;
315N-NY-280350-302, serial 165970). Detainee interviews have not explained the Las Vegas meeting site. See,
e.g., Intelligence report, interrogation of Binalshibh, Nov. 5, 2003.
170. FBI report, "Summary of Penttbom Investigation," Feb. 29, 2004, pp. 5257. Hanjour successfully con-
ducted a challenging certification flight supervised by an instructor at Congressional Air Charters of Gaithersburg,
Maryland, landing at a small airport with a difficult approach.The instructor thought Hanjour may have had train-
ing from a military pilot because he used a terrain recognition system for navigation. Eddie Shalev interview (Apr.
9, 2004).
171. FBI report,"Summary of Penttbom Investigation," Feb. 29, 2004, pp. 5760.According to Binalshibh,Atta
deliberately selected morning flights because he anticipated that the most people would be at work then. Intelli-
gence report, interrogation of Binalshibh, June 3, 2004.
172. Intelligence reports, interrogations of Binalshibh, Oct. 1, 2002; Dec. 17, 2002; Dec. 21, 2002.
173. On KSM's receipt of date of attacks, see Intelligence report, interrogations of KSM and Binalshibh, May
27, 2003. Although Binalshibh also has claimed that he called KSM with the date after receiving the information
from Atta, KSM insists that he learned of the date in a letter delivered by Essabar, and that it would have been a
serious breach of communications security to communicate the date over the phone. Intelligence reports, interro-
gations of Binalshibh, Oct. 1, 2002; Dec. 17, 2002. Intelligence report, interrogation of KSM, Feb. 20, 2004. Most
NOTES TO CHAPTER 7
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