ESTIMATED NUMBER, VALUE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF MERCHANT SHIPS CONSTRUCTED BY AND FOR THE PRINCIPAL COMMUNIST4
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE Office of Research and Reports
f
FOREWORD
The data presented instimated Huniber, Value, and Distribution of Merchant Ships Constructed by and for the Sino-Soviet Bloc. T. AugustiRfaaW^-arp. ra^cnH an*1r) research aid. Bnphasls is given to the production and value of major maritime ships for the USSR and to developments in merchanteneral forecast of production up0 for the USSR by both Cormiu-nlst and non-CoEimunist countries has been mode.
- iii -
CONTENTS
Page
I.
II. f Kev Construction ln
East
k. Cooraunlst
5. Hungary, Bulgaria, and
West
(.
The
III. Future Major Shipbuilding Activity for the USSR
Countries
Cargo
Tankers
Fishing
'1. Miscellaneous
Cargo
Fishing
Miscellaneous Ships
IV. Recent Shipbuilding Activity for Ccenunist China
V. Ships vith Large
Vl. Position of Conmunist Countriru in World Shipbuilding .
1/ bhnkj
Statistical Tables
Tallica
and Deliveries of Merchant Shins
by and for Communist
Construction and Deliveries of Merchant Shins.
3- USSR: Construction and Deliveries of Maritime Cargo
Ships and Tankers,
U. USSR; Construction and Deliveries of Miscellaneous
Maritime Ships,
USSR: Construction and Deliveries Of fishing Ships,
' '
Construction andernriarl
Ships,
Construetioi: and Deliveries of Maritime
Cargo4
Construction and Deliveries of Fishing
4
9- East Germany: Construction and Deliveries or" Merchant
4
Germany: Construction and Deliveries of Maritime
Cargo4
Gernany: Construction and Deliveries of Miscel-
laneous Maritime4
Germany: Construction and Deliveries of Pishing
4
13- CommunisL China; Construction and Deliveries of Merchant
4
- vi -
l'i. Communist China: Construction and Deliveries of Maritime
Cargo Ships,
China: Construction and Deliveries of Miscel-
laneous Maritime Ships,
Construction and Deliveries of Merchant
Ships,
Construction and Deliveries of Maritime
Cargo Ships,
Construction and Deliveries of Merchant
Ships,
Construction and Deliveries of Maritime
Cargo Ships, Tankers, and Miscellaneous Ships, ig6!i .
Construction and Deliveries of Merchant
Ships,
Construction and Deliveries of Maritime
Cargo Ships, by Shipyard,
Construction and Deliveries of
Merchant Ships,
and Deliveries of Merchant Ships by No.i-
Ccmmunlst Countries for CommunistU . . -
2'i. Construction for the USSR of Ships with Large Hatches,
"
ESTIMATED 3UMBEH, VALUE, ANDF MERCHANT SHIPS CONSTRUCTED BY AND FOP THE PRIKCTPAI. COMMUNIST COUNTRIES-
Summary
Tho long-range objective of the USSR to increase its carl tine power by building up its merchant fleets hasarge demand for newthat has persistedelatively high levelnd present indications suggest that this demand will continue at about the came level until at
Merchantonstructed or imported by Communist countriesii are valued at7f which the USSRor imported ships valued6 million, orercent of the total.
The estimates and conclusions In this research old represent the best Judgment of this Office as of The term Ccenunlst countries includes the USSR, Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Rumania, Czechoslovakia, and Communist China. The terms non-Comcunlst countries and non-Bloc countries are used to indicate all other coun-tries. Previous reports in this series have Included only that part of production of ships by Yugoslavia thatxported to the Conmoinist countries listed above. For statistical convenience and ease In making comparative analyses, these Yugoslav exports have been treatedon-Communist country. Production of ships in the other Coanunist countriesAlbania, Mongollo, North Korea, Worth Vietnam, and Cubais negligible. Because of rounding, components may not odd to the totals shown.
hips listed in this research aid ure considered to havehipyard, complete and ready for service but nol neceasarlly operationol, and the total value of the ships has been credited to the year of completion. Ships noted oe operational during the month of January ore arbitrarily assumed to have been completed during theyear. Because some ships are converted after completion to naval auxiliary and other services, the ships listed do not necessarilyadditions to the several merchant fleets. All ships have been classified according to the following major categories:
MarIticencluding cargo ships, tankers, and miscellaneous ships such as passenger ships, tugs, port Icebreakers, and research ships. These ships may be engaged in oceangoing and coastal service, including service on the Caspian Sea.
ncluding whole factory ships, crab cannery ships, factory trawlers, medium trowlers, whale catchers, refrigerator transports and refrigerated/factory ships, and support ships as well as small trawlers seiners, and the like.
lnJapd including passenger uhlps, tuga, and barges that may be used on inland waterways.
*** Dollar values ore given0 US dollars throughout this research uid and represent the coot of constructing aimilar ships in the US.
The value oi1 merchant ships constructed or imported by the principalcountriess estimated as follows;
0 US $
in
countries
from non-
countries
IO
Compared with the previous year, the total value of construction and imports of merchant ships by the principal Communist countries4 showed an increase7 million, and this increase was distributed almost equally between construction and Imports.
The following tabulations list the value of merchant ship construction by Communist countries and Imports from non-Communist countries4 together with comparative totals:
Construction by0 US $
Maritime
Cargo Tanker Miscellaneous Fishing Inland Total
Poland
East Germany
Communist China
Hungary
Bulgaria
Rumania
Chechoslovakia
49
70
69
185
f
3
6
3.>
29
L'i.
128
Imports by Communist Countries from Hon-Communist Countries
0 US $
Maritime
ui;
Korea
26
In terms of number,nd value, the USSRmported, or exported cargo ships, tankers, and major fishing ships as follows;
* omplete breakdown of these figures, see Appendix A,
** Several abbreviations that are used repeatedly in the tables in this research aid may be defined as follows:
Light ship displacement (LSD)the weight, in tonskO pounds,omplete ship, ready for service in every respect, including the weight of permanent ballast and liquids in the machinery at operating levels but excluding the weight of the members of the crew and their effects and any items of consumable Or variable loud such as stores, fuel, and cargo.
Deadweight tons (WT)he carrying capacityhip, in tonsu0 pounds, including the members Of the crew and their effects as well as the weight of all items of consumable or variable load such a^ stores, fuel, and cargo. The deadweight tonnage iS the difference in tonsfull load displacement and light ship displacement.
Cross register tons (CRT) easure [footnote continued on p. U]
$)
$)
$)
principal motivation of the USSR in the developmenta large maritime fleet is the drivearger share of worldut not to be overlooked is the political advantage of carrying aid, bothand economic, in Soviet ships to countries in the Free World that may be swayed toward Communism. The USSR has been acquiringargo ships1 and evidently has accepted them as the norm for new cargo ships to be added to its maritime fleet. Twenty-six such large-hatch ships were completed by or for the USSR The USSR nowotal ofhips of this type, and it is estimated thatill have been completed by the end These ships may be used for the secure transport of large items of military equipment below decks, as was demonstrated when the USSR transported missiles to Cuba
The total construction by Communist countries and imports from non-Communist countries of maritime cargo ships and tankers is valued3 million, of which the USSR5 million, orercent. Of the total number of maritime ships acquired, the USSR importedercent and producedercent ln its own shipyards. Of theargoOCO DWT) imported by the USSR,0 DWT) valued atillion were produced by other Communist countries, whereas0 DWT) valued3 million were produced by non-Communist coun-trles. Of the0 DWT) imported by theankers whereby the entire internal cubic capacity of the ship is expressed in register tonsubic feet to the tor-:not including certain spaces such as peak tanks and other tanks of water ballast, open forecastle, bridge and poop, hatchway excess, certain "light and air spaces, anchor gear, steering gear, wheelhouse, galley, cabins for passengers, and other minor spaces specified by law.
" oviet seaborne foreign trade made up anercent of the world total. his figure Is expected to reachercent. ** atch of more thaneet in length is Considered large.
WT) valuedillion were produced by other CoanunlBtwhereas l60 DWT) valued8 Billion wereby non-Coasnunist countries.
In contrast to maritime ships, of vhlch the USSRnd constructedercent, thereore even distribution between production and imports of major fishing ships. The USSRRT) and constructed blRT) of the total. Of theercent imported,RT) valued4 million came froa non-Communist countries, andRT) valued1 million came from other Communist countries. Soviet construction of major fishing ships is valued7 million; thus the total value of construction and Importajor fishing Bhipe by the USSRU amountsl In recapitulation, the USSR4 built andargo ship and tankers totaling moreillion WT and valued5 millionajor fishing ships ofRT valuedl million. The total aggregate value of Soviet construction and import of cargo ships, tankers, and major fishing shipsU exceededillion.
The average size of cargo ship ocqulred by the USSR4WT, an increase in average sire ofT cctnpared vith the average site Tankers obtained by the USSR had an average size of0 DWT4 vhlch is an Increase ofWT above that
Future major shipbuilding activity by and for the USSR probably vlll continue at about the same general level as; for example, for the, it Is estimated that production of nev merchant ships by and for the USSR vlllillion DWT per year.
ommunist China began negotiations to procure new ships from non-Communist countries. Contracts for five shipsOOO WT
may have been placed, and there may be other contracts for which noare available. Communist Chino4 built only four cargo chips, totaling0 Ifc'T and valuedillion. The total value of
merchant ships constructed in Communist China4illion.
The Soviet Bloc" and Communist China completedercent, orillion tons, of the total estimated GRT produced by the leadingnations or the world Individually, the USSR ranks as the world's fifth leading producer of ships, and Poland and Eastrank tenth and fourteenth, respectively.
The tern Soviet Bloc, as used In this research aid, includes the USSfl and the Eastern European Communist countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Rumania).
l
I. Introduction
The buildup of the shipbuilding Industry for the production of nerchant ships in the Soviet Bloc dates from shortly after World War II. Because the Eastern European Communist countries did notrogram of any significance for producing naval ships, almost the total shipbuilding effort since that time has been devoted to the construction of merchant ships. Although the major part of the industrial development in the EasternCommunist countries had been achieved by thes, somenotably Poland, continued to improve and expand their shipbuilding capacity. At present, Rumania and Bulgaria are creating the facilities necessary to begin construction of the larger type of oceangoing ship.
Communist China's shipbuilding Industry was expanded, and production of most navel ships and some merchant ships vas accomplished with Soviet aid. The withdrawal of Soviet aid0 and the generaldisruptionesulted ln almost complete cessation of Some recovery vas noted Communist China is believed to bealanced shipbuilding Industry that, without foreign aid, eventually vlll be capable of designing and constructing both naval and merchant ships.
The shipbuilding Industry of the USSR was rebuilt5 on abasis, and considerable effort has continually been made to improve this base. The ambitious program undertaken until8 for producing naval ships essentially precluded major production of merchant ships until5
During thishift In Soviet naval doctrine caused much of tbe program for naval construction to be terminated and released aomc resources and facilities for major construction of merchant ships. eterminedwas then made ln the USSR to build up its merchant fleets and initB maritime and fishing fleets. Much of the production of the Eastern European Communist countries has been imported by the USSR, and contracts for the production of maritime chips withi.st countries have increased.
The value of merchant ships produced annually in the USSR and in the Eastern European Communist countries has held fairly steadylight Increase On the other hand, the value of eerchanL ships completed by non-CccBeuriist countries for the principal Cccorunlst countries has Increased nearly three tines above thatith about half of the increase occurring Practically all of this production was for the USSR.
II- Highlights of Kew Construction4
A. Communist Countries* 1. USSR ,
he USSR builtC00 GRT) of cargo ships and tankers,0 GRT of miscellaneous maritime ships, andRT of fishing ships. The total value of Sovietof seagoing ships of all types amounted to8 million-the construction of inland Bhips in the USSR is valued at an5 million. The aggregate total of about three-fourthsillion dollars for merchant shipbuilding in the USSR4 isail-lion more thanat that time represented an historical high water mark for merchant shipbuilding. Asess than 1of Soviet construction was exported, and again asllwere to Ghana ln the form of four fishing ships valued6
4 the USSR constructed no new class of cargodid completeargo ships as
4
I-Oiiinskiy Koif.sow; 1
Vytegralcs Pavlln Vinogradov Maloyaroslavets
Tonnage (DWT per Ship)
0
Cumulative Construction4
A modified version of the Lenlnskiy Komsomol class, one with gas turbine propulsion, was under construction4 und will be completed This is thenstance inasropulsion system has been produced in the USSRaritime ship, bul the trend in recent years has been to employ gas turbine propulsion in some new classes of Soviet naval ships. Reportedly, Soflya-class tankers also will be built with gas turbine propulsion. Some advantages of gas turbines are their small sise und comparatively light weight and theto use cheaper low-erode fuels.
* For complete data On shipbuilding in the Communist countries, seeppendix A.
** atch of more thaneet in length is considered Designatedonsisting of two unitsorsepower each.
- fl -
4 the USSR completed seven tankersfive of the^the teskunchzkith total tonnage of0 GRTJ and valued at aboutillion. This iigure represents the most tanker tonnage ever produced by the USSRiven year. The previous high wasWTtV^tic* or the Kaabek class. The Sofiya-class tanker, tLconstructions the largest tanker ever built in the USSR, and the Baskunchak-classWT is a-anker that made its first appearance CuiulaJve^'seven of the former and two of the latter class have been produced.
aJor fishlnff shiPs reached its peak4
aboutRT andollowl milJi0n- Elght raoJor classes ofhips were produced
(GRT
Construction4
Zakharov
cannery ship)
iry v
classship)
ship)
ship)
classship)
factory traw-
catcher)
These classes of fishing shipsoviet program to Improvefficiency of the fishing fleet, to increase the fish catch to process the ca.ch rapidly, and, to get it to Lhe consumerk^'as poss^e. The Kay^ovskiy class, of which ICO haveeen built, has been under constructior,B and is considered to be the backbone
iLt ^ Tfi5htrau:ie" tlia'- USSR is iKE of trawlers fron Poland
rttf I JJSyakovsMytype ship foresearch, Akajcmik Knipovich,RT, was completed4
This new research ship is the first of five to be built, and its main tusk reportedly will be to search for new fishing grounds, to develop new fishing methods, and to conduct "complex ocean research." It isthat the construction program for the Mimyy class ended.
2. Poland
lhe rate of construction of ships in Poland has The value of ships produced9 million, is aboutercent more than3 and consisted of0 GRT) of cargo ships and0 GRT of fishing ships.
Aboutillion) of the total value of Polish merchant shipbuilding was exported, mostly to the USSR. The production of 3hips for the USSR is as follows;
Cl as;
Muromelomorsklesds Tl'-'sC))
Tonnage Ship
wr
RT
Exported to the4
6
Cumulative Total. Exported to the USSR
7 25
o
j
4
Polish exports during the year were as follows: One Marccli ftowotkolass to Indonesia, and onerzlass to Czechoslovakia The Marceli HowotkOargo snip0 DWT, and the Kolejarz0 DWT. The program for producinghips of the Kowotko Class is now completed, but to datehips of the Kolejarz class have been completed.
The lead hulls Of two new classes of ships were completed in Polandhe floginkamall cargo ship for retention, and theretagnel0mall trawler for export to France. In addition, the keels were laid for two new classes Of cargo ship,00 DWT for export to the USSR and theWT for retention.
3. East Germany
East Germany hasteady increase in the value of ships producednd the value of production4 of maritime and fishing ships,f> million, isercent greater than
* The letter-numeral designator following the namehip is the official Polish designation for the class.
-
ft, East Genoany completed0 CRT) of cargo ships valued atillion,0 CRT of miscellaneous maritime ships valued at9 million, and0 GRT ofships valued atillion.
Aboutercent of the total value of merchant shipbuilding (excluding inland)8 million, was exported to the USSR. The following major classes accounted for most of the exports to the USSR:
Tonnago to the
per Ship inthe USSR
Ivan Franko (new
Mikhail
Mikhail
43
One Vyborg-class ship was delivered to Norway4his ship is the first large cargo ship to be built in East Germany and to be exportedon-Communist country. ontract has been negotiated that calls for delivery of four ships of this class to Great Britain.
East Germany4 delivered the lastcries ofikhail Kalinin-class passenger shipsonstruction program that had begun These ships operate on Baltic lines, Far Eastern lines, and probably the parents Sea area, and carryassengers. ew passenger ship, Ivan Franko, completeds the first hullroup of three ships that will be delivered to the USSR. The Ivan Franko ic theassenger ship ever built in Fast Germanyeetfoot beam,0 horsepowerpeed ofnots) and can curryassengers. One of these ships will operate on the newly organized Leningrad-Montreal passenger line, and the other two ships probably will operate between ports on the Black Sea.
Of theropik-class f'.uh factory trawlers completed by East Gernany for theossibly three were sold immediately by the USSR to Bulgaria. Sast Germany completed an additional hull of this class, the Stubnita,efrigerator ship, the firsteries of refrigerator ships for the East German fishing fleet.
reparations were begunhipyard in Eastfor constructionarge fish factory ship, which is scheduled for completion6 andtep forward in modernising the East German fishing fleet. Also, lateft, the keel was laid for the
firsteries ofrawlers that are to operate with the large fish factory ship. The tentative production schedule for the trawlers3
SQiPsthe Mikhail Lononosov class were com-
pletedor theotal of four ships of this type have been built, and one more is expected to be constructed.
4. Conaaunist China
mChlnaompleted five maritime ships of0RT) valued atillion, ofillion was represented by four cargo ships andillion by one passenger ship, tankers or fishing ships were completed during the year.
Host important of the new ships completed4 is theship Rung Chi, the second ship of the Leap Forward (Yueh Chin)0 DWT, built at the Doiren Shipyard. This ship corresponds toct Leninskiy Komsomol type and is the largest and fastest ship in the Chinese Communist maritime fleet. The first ship of this class to be built in Communist China was the Leap Forward, "which was lost" in the China Sea.
f thePingWT, were completed
ne each at the Daircn and the Chiangnan Shipyards. otal of nine ships of the class have now been completed. One hull of another but smaller, class of coastal cargo ship, the HoWT was completed This snip was first noted as beingotal of six ships of this class have been com-pietea since the program began.
UJ maritimeassenger ship of the
Min ChuRT, completed the production Of maritime ships in Communist Chinaone or which was exported.
5- Hungary, Bulgaria, and Rumania
'nie va:iuef merchant ships4 was above that3 in Hungary, Bulgaria, and Rumania.
Hungary has been building small cargo ships at about the same rate since thes, and most of them have been exported to the UoSRi
For the past several years, Bulgaria has produced passenger ships and tankers for the USSR. Tne tankers are small and are used mainly on the Caspian Sea. Bulgaria also built small cargo ships, and preparations ore now underway tc create the facilities necessary for construction of larger oceangoing ships.
I? -
, _also builds smaller cargo ships and only recently
egan to build them for the USSR. Rumania, like Bulgaria, ie now
establishing the required facilities for constructing larger oceangoing
ships.
ft, Hungary built small cargo ships of the KeylaIHT, and the HazamWT, completingf the formerof the latter classotal maritime production ofRT) valued atillion. Of this production, fourthe KeYlfl class valued8 million were exported to Norwayto Indonesia. Three ships of this class valued1 millionto the USSR. Hungary retained two ships of the Hazamt million. otal ofeyla-class andazam-classnow been completed.
Bulgaria4 completedaritime ships6cargo ships,assenger shipsotal ofRT) valued atillion. The tankers and passengeratillion, were exported to the USSR, buttwo cargo ships, valued at9 million, one ofWT, and one of the Varnahe^to the USSR are of the Oleg KoshevoyWT, oftotal ofave now been completed, and the passenger ships areGeorgi DimitrovRT, ofotal ofave now Regarding cargo ships, two Sofiya and seven Varna class havecompleted.
Rumania4 completed seven maritime cargoRT) valued atillion, of whichof the Novyy DonbassWT, valued2 millionto the USSR, and five ships of two smaller classesillion, were retained. otal or four Wovyyhave now been completed.
B. Hon-Communist Countries*
The volume of ship production in terms of value by non-Communist countries for the Soviet Bloc has generally been increasingthe value of production3 doubled thatnd the value of' production4 doubled that In addition to standard cargo ships and tankers, the USSR appears to desire ships built in the West (generally to Soviet end-use specifications) for the fishing fleet and equipped with trawling, refrigerating, or fish processing machinery.
1. Denmark
hasmall new ships, mostly refrigerator ships,
* For complete data on shipbuildingppendix A.
but almost continuous supplier of to the USSR. With the completion
in non-Communist countrieo, sec
4 of tvo large-hatch ships of the Beloretsk0 DWT, valueda total ofmillion. Dp remark cob pieted the contract calling for six of these ships to be completed for the USSR. Denmark also completed tvo refrigerator/factory ships of the SkryplevRT, valuedotal ofmillion. Ofhips of this class authorized for the Soviet fishingave now been completed. The tvo Skryjjlev-clasa4 differ from the first four hulls completed previously* ln that, in addition to their refrigerator/factory functions, they can performoperations.
Finland, traditionally the largest Western oupplier of ships to the USSR (in terms of value ofas relegated to third placeeing displaced by Japan and Sweden.
Thirteen cargorasnograd class0 DWT and equipped with large hatches,rkutskles class,WT,otal value for tbefmillion, were delivered to the USSR, asrogoblch-classWT, valuedotalotal ofhips valued atfhder"acalling forrasnograd shipe to be produced,ave now been completed.
Germany
While the Howaldtowerke,overnment-owned shipyard, has been the major West German builder or ships for the USSR,4 the Nordscewerke, Bnden, built six refrigerator ships of the VeterRT,otal valueillion, for the Soviet fishing fleet. The six shipsontract. These refrigerator shlpu reportedlypeed of "aore thannots" and probably are the fastest ships in the fishing fleet.
Italy has shown little consistencyupplier of new ships to the USSR. Rather, contracts seem to be entered into vhen Italy ls building shipsype that currently are of interest to the USSR. Italy delivered four Leonardo da Vinci-class0 DWTotal value ofmillion, to the USSR. Five ships of this class hove now been delivered to the USSRontract thut calls for six ships.
5- Japan
The low cost of ship construction ln Japan and its expanding starch for markets undoubtedly have contributed to the marked increase in recent years in production of ships for the USSR. n addition to its deliveries to the USSR, Japan for the first time built ships for Bulgaria and Rumania.
-
The total value of Japanese shipbuilding for the nations of the Soviet4 millions the largest amount supplied by aCcaaunist country to the Soviet Bloc and lsercent of the entire value of merchant shipbuilding for the Bloc by the non-Coawunist countries.
Japan completed three Cask-class large-hatch ships0 DWT valuedotalillion for the USSR and tvo ore carriers of the Srcdna Oora classWTotal value ofmillion for Also completed by Japan vere seven tankers of the Iozovoyo0 DWT and valuedillion, and three Lenlnskly Lueh-class tuna factoryRT, valuedillion for the USSR, aod tvo Constantu-claou fish factoryRT, valued8 million for Rumania.
6. The Netherlands
he Netherlands delivered the first nev shipommunist countryhis contract far the constructioningle refrigerator ship named Top Van WitteRT, wasfor North Korea and is valuedillion.
7- Sveden
Traditionally, Sweden's production of ships for the Soviet Bloc has been somewhat erratic. As In the case of some other countries that have built ships for the Bloc, contracts with Sweden seem to be madeporadic rather thanontinuing basis. weden completed seven refrigerator ships of the Prlboy0 CRT,otal valueillion and, in terms of value, ranked second among non-Communist countries in production of merchant ships for the Bloc.
8. Yugoulavla
Yugoslavia for the first time entered into ato build nhips for theankers andargo ships. the first of theargo ships,0 DWT, valued at4 million, was delivered to the USSR. This cargo clusn probably lo equipped with large hatches.
III. Future Major Shipbuilding Activity for the US>R
The long-range objective of the USSR to Increase its maritime power through building up ita merchant fleets hasarge demand for new shipsemand that present indications suggest will continue at least Merchant shipbuilding activity by and for the USSR in the foreseeable future probably will continue at about the same general level as- This forecast is based on informationsome Soviet trade agreementsith both Communist and non-Ccamrunlst countries and on Soviet long-range prediction* for the growth
-
a^itita& flcet-6t is estimated thatships by and for the USSR willillion
A. Communist Countries 1- Cargo Ships
It appears that the following classes of cargo ships will continue to bc produced in the USSR as follows:
Tonnage <EtfT per Ship)
q^q
Pavlin
lead ship of the new Kalird.nprad class,WT. will be laid down5 at the Zhdanov Shipyard, Leningrad, and will This new class possibly will be equipped with gas turbine propulsion, and if so, it could be one unit of the CTUonsistingorsepower.* ddition, plans have been disclosed that call ror
htXving 3Peeds cedingknots"
and for construction of some "roll on/roll off" ships, but little is known of these projects.
.is scheduled to buildhips of the Muromk).
WT, large-hatch class,t the Gdansk Shipyard XT of which were completed by the endndt the Gdynia Shipyard, which has
it ^rSt SKIPthlS contract- Construction of the BelomorsklesWT, will continue56 Eventually Poland willClass cargo
S be ouiitMS ^ *
had
WT willhiP ofin this class ST^JL ' HT also will'continueclass of
Ships planned.nll * raat^
completed by the endU.
Hungary, as It has in the past, will export Keyla-class small cargo ships to the USSR but6odified versioHTthe design for which is now completed and under review by Soviet shipbuilding organizations " See the footnote, p. 0.
-
2. Tankers
The Soviet Seven Yearalled for the completion Ofofiya-class tankers0 BIT each,hips of this class were delivered by the end Construction of theWT HaBkunchak-claaa tanker, which began probably vill continue for the next several years.
*
Latehe USSR reported that lt vas working on the designOOO-0WT tanker and that the design will he completed This ship would be the largest tanker ever built in the USSRmoreeet in lengtheam of morepeed ofnots and would hove cither steam turbine or diesel
Poland plans to build and export,,ankers of2 class, each having an0 DWT. Most, if not all, of these tankers will be built for the USSR.
Bulgaria is the oalv remaining country of the Soviet Bloc that will build tankers for the USSR. This construction will-consistof theWT Oleg Koshevoy type which have been built in Bulgaria
3- Fishing Ships
Crab cannery ships of the Audrey Zakharov0 GRT, will be constructed5 in tbe USSR, but this program is expected lo terminate and to be replacederies of large new fish factory ships designated the Vostok class. The Vostok class will be moreeet long,eam of about0rew, and will currymall automated fishing trawlers on deck. The ship willull load displacement of0 tons.
Four classes of refrigerator ships for the fishing fleet which
Tl^rwA' GRT, the Yantarnyy, '
RT, theRT, and theRT, probably will continue to oe produced for the next few years. The lead hulls of the Yantarnyy and thelasses were completed
Fish factory trawlers of the MayokovakiyRT, will built at. lhe Baltic Shipyard, Klaipeda, The Mayakovskly program" at the Noscr.rfo Shipyard, Nlkolayev, aay end5 and be replaced sometime next year by another class of lish factory trawlers.
The construction program in Lhe USSR for the Mayak-class refrigerated mediumRT, expands each year.one shipyard in Kiev was engaged ia the program;wo additional snipyardsone in Khabarovsk and one in Volgogradstarted to build this class; now, the Kfasnoye Somiovo Shipyard in Gor'kly reportedlv is
preparing to build trawlers oi an unspecified type, probably the Kayak class. Additional shipyards might become engaged in construction of these trawlers, thus making the Hayok class potentially the largest shipbuilding program ever undertaken in the USSR.
Of the Eastern European Communist countries, Poland and East Germany are the only major builders of fishing ships for the USSR. (construction is foreseen ln Poland of such classes as theclass factory shipsimilar type known asRT, and the KosmosRT, fish factory trawlers. Eustwill build more thanish factory trawlers of the Tropik5 GRT, to complete an order for the USSR for aboutf these ships. The Tropik class will be replaced6 by the Atlantikimilar fish factory ship, ofre to be built by East Germany.
a. Miscellaneous Ships
The USSR reported lateA that preliminary design work was well underwayecond nuclear-powered icebreaker^ which la to be completednd that there are plans forhird"nuclear-powered Icebreaker. These new icebreakers are to have two reactors, will bc smaller, more completely automated, and will bc able to sail, without refueling, longer than the Lenin. The two new icebreakers reportedly will haveorsepower, which is about the same as that ln the Lenin.
East Germany will complete two more large passenger ships Of the Ivan Franko0robably one each year5 and one oore research ship ofRT Mikhail Lcconosov class Also, the keel was laid inft for the Akadcmik Kurchstov, the first hulleries cf three new research ships' for the USSR. The Akadeglk Kurchatov is scheduled for completion by the end the second shipnd the third
B. Hcn-Cceraunist Countries 1. Cargo Ships
Three more ships of the Krasnograd0 EUT, will be delivered to the USSR by FinlandT innish-Soviet Tradecalls for constructionrimilar type ships, as well as ftO ships similar torkutskicsWT.
Yugoslavia is to completehips ofIWT Pule class Possiblyore ships of this type willnder the termsecent Yugoslav-Soviet Trade Agreement.
Some reported characteristics of this new class areeet, beameet, full loadorsepower, speednots, crewnd space forcientific and research personnel.
-
2. Tankers
taly will deliver one more tanker of the Leonardo da Vlnclk0 DWT, and Japan will deliver two tankers of the Lozovaya class, along with two small tankers for transporting low-pressure gas. Finland will continue to build small tankersU6 ofO LWT are scheduled for construction underTO trade agreement with the USoR.
, Yugoslavia is scheduled to deliverankers to be known as the Split0 an each. Several of thesers were launched.
3- Fishing Ships
,,olllo k' ther three0 GRT) factory
Hatalia Kovcnova, was launchedrench shipyard for the USSR and will be delivered late The second ship also will be completednd the last ship is to be completed early
West Germany and Japan each have launched the first in a* series of eight factory ships for the Soviet fishing fleet. Theseactory ships are to be delivered. The West German class is known as the Rybatskaya Slava. and the Japanese type is called Spassk class both classes being0 GRT. Japan also willmore tuna factory ships ofRT Lenlnskiy Luch type
rade agreement covering the period up9 to buildefrigerator/factory chips of theave been completed.
CRT Prihoy-class refrigerator ships remain to be completed by Sweden; these ships will be delivered5lontract forhips.
In'., the Netherlands launched the Rembrandt,RT, the first of four refrigerator/factory ships to be
h. Miscellaneous Ships
available at the endU indicat.es that under
the terms ofrade agreement, Finland will, complete three icebreakersCOD horsepower each, and three cable laying ships.
*Wili bP SlnUar t0 theRT, and theRT,sses, respectively, which were built under the
terms ofrade agreement with the USSR.
-
1
IV. Recent Shipbuilding Activity for Communist China
For the first time in recent years, Comniunist China began negotiations4 ta procure new ships from non-Ccasunlst countries. Contracts for five ships totaling0 DWT may have been placed, and there may he other contracts for which no details are known. Inhinaontract with France for construction of tvo cargo ships, each0 DWT. Tvo French shipyards vill participate in this order, each building one ship. Int vas reported that Great Britain also had agreed to build two cargo ships0 DWT each for Communist China. One ship is scheduled for delivery each year5
Japan probablyontract in4 toargo ship0 DWT for Communist China, but rumor is that this contract will be cancelled because of complications concerning credit.
A ship0 DWT named the Cuang-mlng (Sunshine) vas launchedin the Netherlands for Caoenunist China. This ship, originally plannedritish owner, is scheduled to be delivered to the Chinese Communists sometime.
V. Ships with Large Hatches
The USSR addedhips with large hatches to its maritime fleethus bringing the total number of these ships This type of ship is now considered to be composedf which will be under construction5 in both Communist and non-Communist countries. Looking forwardt is estimated that the total number of large-hatch ships in the maritime fleet will. The development cf large-hatch ships was spurred largely by the improvements to be gained in the handling und storage of cargo. Ibis type of ship also can provide secure transportation for large stems of military equipment below decks as demonstrated in the transport Of missiles to Cuba
Rxcept for the benlnskly Komsomol-class ships, those designated as timber carriers or Icebreaker transports, and the comparatively smaller types of cargo ships such as those built in Eastern European Communist countries, practically ull lurge cargo ships completed0 by and for the USSR were ships with large hatches. And this will probably be true in future years. These large-hatch ships evidently have been accepted by Lhe USSR as the norm for new cargo ships to be added to the maritime fleet.
One new class of large-ha.ch Ship was added tlie0 DWT, built in Yugoslavia. The first hull in the series Of an additional new class of large-hatch ships, 0 DWT, is scheduled for production in Poland. (See Tabic ?L, Appendix A, for an annuul summary of completion or largo-hatch shipsy class names and country of origin.)
- PO -
VI- Position of Communist Countries ln World Shipbuilding
The Soviet Bloc and Communist China completed aboutercent orillion tons of the total estimated gross register tons produced by the leading shipbuilding nations of the worldased on data provide* bv Boyd's Register of Shipping. Practically all of the above tonnage was completed by the USSR, Poland, and East GermanyRT by theRT by Poland,RTt Germany. The0 GRT is the aggregate amount of production by Bulgaria, Communist China, Rumania, and Hungary. Individually, the USSR ranks as the world's fifth leading producer of ships with about five percent of the total, and Poland and East Germany rank tenth and fourteenth, respectively, eachabout two percent of the total.
The following tabulation lists theeading shipbuilding nations of the world4 according to position fcr GRT constructed, percent of total construction, and percent of construction exported to the USSR:
GRT)
and Northern
Germany
rwa 1
Germany
nlar.d
of Total Construction
9-6
9.4
5-2
4.f
3.6
3-4
2-5
2-3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1-9
0.9
lco.c
Percent of Construction Exported"'td the USSR
0 1'
3
0 0
o ij.
I 0
5
y 0
When viewedecord of part Of the shipbuilding in the world, the above tabulation indicates Lhat exports of ships to the USSR are of significanceercent of completions only from Finland, Italy, andOn-Coranunist areas and only from Poland and East Cemuny
-
fi-
in the Communist countries. Finland, with aboutercent of completions exported to the USSR, has been dependent on Soviet shipbuilding orders for the past decade. Italy's high percentage is unusual and temporarythe result of fulfillingarge partontract for tankers. 5 the percentage of Italy's completions to be exported to the USSR will be insignificant. Poland and East Germany have always been, and probably will continue to be, heavily dependent on the USSR for shipbuilding contracts.
- PP -
..'I'lfll.,1
ts
f- It
a
i
i
i
1
m
:::
S
ill* iff
S
Ills
I,
It c E
e
t: r
ii
3 lei-,
Isi
C- u!t
ill!
3 sss&g
l
lit
11
I a
Ieb is! Utt I
1 Bis 11 lis S lifti Si B1 if h
E
-
. I
7 I
t: h
8
f
F
f
Ii
II!
Bl
a>
II Si f ft I C
ifm *1
H 81
1:
<r
IIS IS E
HI
i!
11 I i
11 1 1
I f
1 I
1 I
r fIEI
i i
it
I.
II
"ill I
fi JI li
i
B fis
Ji1 ji 1
I <l[
'
t
I
i
(
11
II '
iff !
r! {
1 5 1
I 8
i1 a
IS
&
-iii
i
m
I
;
c
j? ..
Ill
If A
1
- I
!
s
I
ir
j
Be E E
16 I S
.16 i 6
6i t 6
-r; r
Ie E
I
Construction for the USSR or Ships vith Urgs Hateass
Hatch
Origin
a/
. :tavi
Germany
Cumulalive Construction
Hesarks
Series completed
kO to be built by tha endO
Series ccripletc-d
Series ecepletec
Series completed
o be built
o be built
large series tobull*.
o be built by ths end0
Total of all classeswill consist of morehlps
Last two hulls areast-
b. Length of the hatch is unknovn but is estimated to be more thaneet.
- 53
Original document.
Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic: