Construction And Investment At Admiralty Shipyard
CIA HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM RELEASE AS9
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This report is the latesteries onand timing of construction of buildingsat the four Soviet installationsbe engaged in the* oroduction of
in Leningrad, Admiralty Shipyard has been known lriore for its output of merchant ships rather than naval ships. Merchant ship production has consisted of dry cargo ships and tankers* passenger ships, and fishing ships, including the newlyton fish factory ship Voetok which is now fitting out at the shipyard berth. Although Admiralty Shipyardate entrant in theprogram for nuclear submarines, it was the lead yard in nuclear powerplants for Soviet surface ships when it produced the world's first nuclear-powered icebreaker, Lenin. Naval ship construction hasattleship (prior to World Warruisers, submarines, and motor gunboats.
Development
5- Construction and investment in facilities at Admiralty can be divided roughly into four,. Almost two-thirds of the yard's development took place prior to World War II. Of the remaining investment, the major share took place during phasend lessf total investmentompleted in the last (see theonstruction of new facilities related to theof nuclear submarines has all taken place
* Numbers shown in parentheses after buildings and structures mentioned in the text refer to thesystem used in the chart and in the Appendix where descriptions and other data are given for major buildings and structures at the shipyard.
6. The earliest construction of facilities at Admiralty Shipyardmostly specialized workshops and shipbuilding hallstook place on Galerny, one of three island-like areas separated by canalsthe yard. The yard was first expanded northward from Galerny and later expanded southward tothe hall and shops where submarine production now takes place. The main fabrication hallhich includes subassembly and final assembly work on new submarines, fronts on the Fontanka) where completed submarines are launched intodocks and moved to fitting out berths nearby.
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basic industrial plant atincludesuildings andcontrast, two of the other three knownproducing nuclear submarines have lessthat number of buildings. The third,yard, at Severodvinskuchof buildings than Admiralty, but it isseveral different types of naval activities;
Severodvinsk Shipyard alone contains Moreover, because Severodvinsk is an isolatod area, itumber of plants producing component parts and assemblies that are not available locally as they are in the Leningrad area.
ShipyardommonSudoraekh Shipyard. There is nothat the two yards are associated withbut it is possible that they sharematerials and that they jointly fabricateand components. Each shipyard overhasistinct typo of end-product,have been examples of cooperation in pastprograms, including submarine production,
at tho two shipyards. Inew class of submarinehich is probably 'nuclear powered, was launched from Sudomekh shipyard. In this case, some form of cooperation between Admiralty and Sudomekh must beossibility because of Admiralty's long-time work in nuclear reactors and the previous history of cooperation by the two yards in submarine production. lass submarine launched at Sudomekh, however, isariant oflass produced at Admiralty.
Characteristics
Shipyard has fewer buildingsstandard shipbuilding structures than thewhich produce Soviet nuclear submarines.made up largely of industrial-typeaphazard fashion that reflects the ageshipyard. Two-thirds of the buildingsears old and many approachears.
10. Most of the shipyard's buildings are wooden-frame structures, but some all-brick buildings are located near the Neva River and at the eastern boundary with the city. Several of the brick units were originally apartment buildings which have been
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converted into design and administrative! offices. The limited size of many of the old buildings makes efficient production techniques difficult. Some of the smaller buildings probably are not used at ail or are used only as warehouses, whereas considerable work was undertaken at Gorkiy to rebuild and expand existing structures to adapt them to new uses, little construction along this line has taken place at Admiralty. Plans have boon announced, however, to replace many of the older buildings at Admiralty with new shops and equipment.
The use of reinforced concrete wall panel construction has been confined to raultibay units near the Sudonekh boundary area and at the south end of the yard. The main fabricationor submarines is one of these units; it isodern industrial building which matches the quality of the main production buildings at other nuclear submarine yards. The hall probably was completed5 and was built originally forlass submarinewhich started to phase out before the facility came into production. Following the Sovietto produce nuclear-powered submarines, the hall was enlargedn preparation forof thelass submarine. Theof the main hallew high-bay(2) for assembling nuclear submarines. At the same time the overall building was doubled in size, the interior of the original building probably was remodeled and re-equipped,ransverseras added to the south side of the hall for the movement of heavy hull sections between bays. The large subassembly facility and workshops (S) located immediately across the Fontanka Canal from the main hall probably are closely associated with the nuclear submarine program. These units, like the main hall, are constructed of heavy steel frame and concrete panels; some of the construction in this area was undertakan at the time tho main hall was built forlann program.
The layout of both the main fabrication hall and tho adjacent transverser is consistent with facilities built at other nuclear submarine ubassembly building is missing, but construction is under way in an area adjacent to
the main hall on what probably willubassembly-prefubrication.
The constructionew subassemblyear the main fabrication hall would permitand other allied production operations to be transferred from the main hall. In addition, the new facility wouldore direct flow of hull sections to the final assembly area of the main hall and would release space in the eastern bays for other work.'
is evident from externalof the main
3 that heavy support columns were built in the high-bay. Such construction is consistent with requirements for heavy-duty cranes having capacities ofons which areat other nucloar submarine producers. Given the yard's basic mission of building merchant ships, however, it is likely that the cranes in most shops are lightweight, lower capacity overhead bridge cranes. Outside, at the quays and the openways, there are many large portal-type cranes which are used mainly for moving large pieces for the fabrication of the cargo ships, icebreakers, fishing ships, and barges produced by the yard.
comparison with other shipyards inthe unit costs of most of the buildingsare relatively low, reflecting theconstruction. Tho exceptions are theto nuclear submarine production,the main hall and the new subassembly Construction costs for these units arethan their normally high relativeof the marshy construction sites.
Stuffing consists of installing components, wir-ptping, and other equipment in hull sections which are later joined to other hull sections in final assembly.
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^The original open building ways used for major surface ship production predate World War II and are little changed except for some postwar reconstruction work.
Capital Investment
Capital investment at Admiralty Shipyard is estimatedillion (sec the table). Of this total only aboutillion,ookhen submarine-related facilities were being constructed. Investment expenditures for the submarine program at Admiralty are the smallest of any of the nuclear submarine producers. At Gorkiy Shipyard, for example, investmentas moreillion, and roughly comparable expenditures were made at the other nuclearyards in the USSR. Estimates of investment related to nuclear submarine production at Admiralty do not include internal modifications to thomain fabricationthat might have been made whan the high-bay section was constructed; such costs probably would not have exceeded SI million. Moreover, investment estimates include only the early construction work (lessn the probable subassembly: This facility probably will represent an investment of more thanillion when completed.
Of total investment, the cost ofof existing buildings and structures at Admiralty Shipyard is estimated at Aboutiilion of the construction costs are directly related to the new submarineprogram. Estimates of construction costs were obtained by costing each building and structure, including transportation lines and utilities. Ruble costs wore derived from Soviet constructionand include all direct costs, overhead,costs for temporary buildings, and othorcosts. Only buildings and structures under construction and substantially complete are included in this estimate. The inclusion of the probable subassembly building, which is under construction, would add aboutillion toillion tocosts
16. Some of the buildings required the use or cost data not included in the Soviet handbook for" construction in the shipbuilding industry. For example, the enlarged main fabrication hall exceeds the size limitations for standard Soviet assembly buildings. In this case, construction rates for the machine building-and aircraft industries were used, as recommended in Soviet practice whenever suitable buildings and structures are not containedarticular industry handbook. There were no special costs added for either climatic or loca-tional conditions as Leningrad is in the base zone used to determine such cost factors.
The estimated total cost of miscellaneous investment for the construction of Admiraltyis aboutillion. Miscellaneous investment includes design and engineering services, building inspection, and the training of production cadres.
The cost of installed equipment at Admiralty Shipyard isillion,f the total capital investment in the yard. The cost Of equipment was estimated in relation to the cost of construction of buildings and structures. show that thereeasonably consistent relationship between these costs in Sovietecent Soviet study on the economics of shipbuilding gave the shares of equipment which were used in this report. Similar studies were used to fix the share of^ miscellaneous investment costs which are calculated in relation to the costs of buildings and structures.
Conclusions
21. Admiralty Shipyard was the first Soviet shipyard touclear-powered surface ship, the celebrated icebreaker Lenin, but it did not launch its first nuclear-powered submarine6 after nuclear-powered units had been produced at Severodvinsk, Komsomolsk, and Gorkiy. Theof nuclear submarines at Admiraltywas initiated with an investment in newof only aboutillion compared with
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investment expenditures on the orderu-xion for each of the other producers of nuclear submarines
The achievement of Admiralty- Shipyard inew class of nuclear submarine despite the small outward changes in its basic plant is linked to its location and to its highly skilled workers. Leningrad, with its numerous maritime and industrial installations,ource ofcomponents, materials, and personnelwithout comparison in the USSR. The adjacent location of Sudomekh Shipyard, another submarine builder, may haveactor in the choice of Admiralty for the new program. The earlier choice of Admiralty to build the nuclear-powered icebreaker Lenin underlines the skills of the yard's staff and the high-quality production capability of the plant despite its external appearance. Althoughroducer of surface ships, Admiralty has produced submarines prior tolass.
Productionuclear submarine at Admiralty Shipyard, even though there were few .apparent changes in facilities at the yard,emarkable accomplishment, matched by no other Soviet producer. But it now is evident that while the size of the facilities construction program there does not compare with other yards it will include the set of facilities associated with Soviet nuclear submarine production. arge main assembly hall was created when an older one was enlarged. ransverser was built for moving hull sections between stages of production from
prefabrication to stuffing to final assembly.robable subassembly facility is being built adjacent to the other two units, completing the set. Atajor share of the subassembly work onlass submarine probably is carried on in the main assembly hall. The addition of the new building, which could be near completionhould add significantly to the efficiency of the nuclear submarine production program atShipyard.
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Major Buildings and Structures at Admiralty Shipyard
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Remarks
Main fabrication hall
2 High-bay section/ assembly
Transverser
Subassembly building
Subassembly shops
Submarine assembly facilities. . , Estimated7illion new construction).
Main building ways for submarines. Estimated8 million. two ways.
Contains seven rail sets; used to trans fer materials and hulls between bays. Will link newithhall. Cost:
Under construction*
Probably connected with subassembly work on hulls and componentslass submarines. Estimated
Major Buildings and Structures at Admiralty Shipyard
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Major 3uildings and Structures at Admiralty Shipyard
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Identification
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Remarks
Fontanka canal
waterway through-yard; launch area (seebove)-
13 Assembly workshop
14 Carpenter shop
15 Combination shops
16 Administrative build-
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uilt; remodeledost:
^Pattern work and general carpentry. Built
^Built in the. Estimated
Also used for storage
^Built for combination school andquarters. Built in the (remodeled).
Administrative build-
bove.
ation
oworplant. Built
Major Buildings and Structures at Admiralty Shipyard
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Entry andbuiIding
Quay
Machine shop complex
Machine shop
Warehouse
24 Fabrication
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includes garage, sentry houses, and offices. Built. Total cost estimated0
Built2. Used for materials deliveries and fitting out. Estimated2 million.
Five units,mall power station. Built. 3 million.
Built.
General storage, materials. Built
Plate-worxing. Built. Estimated
Major Buildings and Structures at Admiralty Shipyard
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Subassembly hall
Fabrication complex
27 Machine shop
Laboratory/administra-
Remarks
riginally built; added to Total cost.
Five-unit combination machine shops, offices, and storage. Built.
Major machine installation. Possibly serves both Admiralty and Sudomekh. Built
odern building, constructed
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Original document.
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