cia historical review progp' release as9
Soviet and East European Computer Networking: Prospects for Global Connectivity
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Soviet and East European Computer Networking: Prospects for Global Connectivity
Sotiet and i- .European Computer Networking: ProsrseeO for Global Coatsectitity i
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entry ia0 of tbe USSR. Btlgaria. Cmboalovakii. Hungary, and Poland mto ihe European Ara^leanc and Research Network (EARN) ia likely torofonnd effect on (dentine tornmunit>ei throughout the Soviei Union and Baatern Europe- Out analysis ofmaterial, includini EARN messages, suggests thai the new EARN memben will reap significant and Immedtais benefits by vinue of EARN'i links to hundred! of leieareh ceniers oa IheNET acadeinic network ai well as centers on many other Westers netore fundamental change will be Ihe steady erosion of IraeSlional Soviet and East European barriers to internets at rational and inter atcientific collabcestion as Eastern researchers use their new caii-sharint hnks
lhc East'a pnaaary tnernuve tn iirsecrakc computer rretworking is to increase the Weal-to East tow of information, we believe this can eery come about al the cost of tubstanlialry opening up its own scientific communities:
Inierorganiutional impediments in Ihe USSR and Eastern Europe will be readily bypasied by comp-iers.etwork environment, access to mformaiion and to colleagues will become moreand scaeniUU lowthe rvgaesralioeal hierarchies will enjoy ircatly enhanced communications freedom
The Wen wtl hai the cecorrncaty toetier ar^eeiuoou of the persceuhtiea.rations, and prrenets of Eastern research. According
and brisbtest researcbers and their errgatii-
cations have been ihe mosi avid coma men of Westerncan expeci Ihst networking will turn scene of them inio ihe most prolific talkers.
Soviei and East European domestic computer networks, now relatively isolated and underutilised according to Wcstera visitors, could flourish wilh the advent of foreign rxeacctioes. The Soviet Akademset' net week, for caanspar, wall becottse consider ably more vaUabie if iieliable bridge to vast foreign networks- Similarly, the .nderdevesoped regional networks in bastcrn Europe are likely to be iasproved and et funded rn users press to lake advantage of foreign research networking.
tw aa ibo in
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Some liiraficaBl barriers will moderateframonghe poor telecommunication! infrsstructart throughout lhc USSR and Easiern Europe High-quality commerdal ccflnedlona belweeo lhc WtiiMoscow, such as ihe San Frerxiseo-Moiouw Tekporl joint venture, arehiefly to suprsarl Western buiincu in ihe USSR; an enortrtoui mvcstmeni of resources would be required to eiiend this level of service Into the rest of the Soviet Union. But .elective irr-csirncnl in regional, dedicated connections required fot reteareh networking could ha one of the most effective ways to upgrade tbe state of Soviet scientificto futureikely loriority of the Soviet Government
We brieve thai expanding; network access win mede.atel, iterate the threat of ccneit rjptatstioo of Western dala tourers that ahead, tutlsts from Soviet and East European Igfiifagtiri terriers The case of the -litruuaverhows that Srmetapable of esptotirng taa Western rteSwork* through Surrotjlet Increased Fast Wets ci changesfford Soviet and llast Enrceears inteliigencr steers with more
Soviet and Easi European Compute* Networking' Pros pec Is lor Global Conncctiritr
Eln bora ta Researchuetworltt In tW Wart
Computer networking. including the iatcecoraectioo of networks, hasajor roe*fee in lie Wot and In Japan.ifiowi (or the optimal C" sttibulion of espentice computing rejoices; aceeu to dltpericd lourcei of data; and eSSent. timely
ml among user
rttive researchcant cttiributed among participating organiutiou and at no charge tobegun to knit together widely du-persed sekntlie and academic crgultatiom.interconnection ol isolate.', artworks into networks ofprogressed to lhchere moit research, academic, ind comntereialorks can routinely e> change ejection ic mail.
la the West, nrtwc*ks generally fall into one of three categories;
Governmeni-iubsldiud (the Internet).
Collsborstive sc* dense (Western Eatope'sAcademic and Research(Ice
Coramtreiil (Compuserve 1
Interconnections among the three types have bcoote increasingly widespread (see intct>to that Western icirnthtt now enjoy accessich and varied range of comervKes.
Swakl and Eat" toreptaa Nrtv/wrhi
In eonne.it to the esrJconc growth ol Westernthose in tbc USSR and Eaiters Europe are eatrcmcip rudimentiiy Recent political changes, eou-pled with ongoing worldwide evoluliee of Informaiion irchnctogiet, hsve gun lo laeicate the networking
1 trien. Ihl'npinio'm i* unpulenoail Vi Ii irriinn weHhmus ai (hmw fma enl tf* "im^V* tun* BwfU. far atanarrana namI'an uiwiiaaa.wiaiaafiaaKd.
options available to CEMAbe rat* al whkh CEMA networks grow will be determined by:
AeUpubatty of eiitting CEMA national andnetworks,
AvaibbUliy of adequate tcJccommaekatiocs links.
Durlng Ihe pait decade. CfcMA imports of foreign ccenputen haveolid base for using Ibc servicer, that global networking can provide COCOM (tsUictCTj en Iha escort of pertonal computer (PC) tnhooleuki to the CEMA couniiies. for example, have been linos! completelyo>cd This is. ineikctkw af the fact ihat such leehecnagics have become glohst ramnaditlu aad arc widely availabkora af taw*.en cwliioa of COCOM control, such as TirVan.Sawtb Keren, and Furs We believe thai the scarcity nf hard currency for foreignof geaeral purpose eomputri technologyar mere significant ban e> lo CEMA imports lhati any current capon control Certainly, iht eootroU now In forte permit the utc of computers wilh prrfoimanot la facets of ihe CEMA domesticeven a* match of that produclion has become the local assembly of imported components i
Hardwire compatibility it nol likely to be in Ittue in connecting Eaitern and Wcstnn compuler neiwoifca The CEMA oornputtr Induttriea have very dearly tough! Western iiaadaide. The CEMA-idc ES (Uni-ned Sytum) maiadrinte aad SM (Small System)compiler ere-grama are built on IIM sad DEC (Digitsl Eaaapmina Cerporation) archtctiBrca,C production adheres even atorc closely to global ttsadards. The ISM PC archrwetarc is cadortcd larougwaet the CEMA COaatriesared retail of the sheer we af ihe global IIM PCe>iail.t
aw Cawaea la. Maiwtl tfe tw.
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US ARPANET treata- Stttttmt at raw. tamtptotrt ol USmilitary, ant tommri-tUI orreniituoni tondrtuni totmmtnt-iponsorrd ttita/th writ Inttrtonnttttd '0 permit the Irontftr of rtutrtk data aad maiiatrir (A* utility oft tit rormtht nttumrhiiwntd tinnier networks, tuth at thr US national Stttnet Foundatlon-tpontortd NSFNRT (it* fiturtt prondt nrmati otxru to ui luptrtornpmtr erntert. and that mrnerksrtamnVo mUrrtemnettrt
war Itrrnmd tht Inlemrl
Tht Internetand
Hmonreittndi to rmtnyforrttn countrttt
Collobxanrr oeanVprre nertrtrti. ruth at Western luropt't Fmoptan Actdtmlt end Research Network
ienrloptdentor tlmtler to tht nttwortfef tht Inttrntt. tut rtntrally wUh leu ttnrfitmtntEARNS KOpItiportiti penis Intlndt ttadtmlt latittuilont In Europe, the Middle tan. Aftlet. South America, and East Asia
' in Emropt's tailabarttiwt rtitmnh pro-
pwni.ureka mot ESPRIT, uu EARN for iht timely ttthtnpt of rtitartk Endinps and optlmltr tht ute of tiptnttt rttttrth facilities*,
I Attn-it ttrnmHird to UtdfMty ttanpalibk with
tITNET. vaM.of IHI. nuked mart
AprAMtTtr 'Sr attrnrwt nr wrt
isw.li ahwarj u'fatOatw Amtwntdvil
W an/nwaVwi nfihsnni) ftV"
nltrtait, la ihr United Slates' Teetther iht rm> tutualty tomtittaple ttabal rtiisiik and acadrnuC nttnork. expo-dintonitdirablt rat. Each new ottanlttlton tidtd it retulred It pnrittt far tht teal (Itaitd itlrpaona tonrucveni. matt ml. and other eawiymentl af tht nr* network lint btt*ttn It and tn eiiiilnt BITNETJEARN number. Atafuriktr condition ofewU txpetttdont ot norr nr* numberi iat In the futurt. Uteri on EARN nttd not be aware of ihe network icfdoej. at rath network uitr is Idtmjtabtt limplyttr/atmIt"
SMITH QIRU AKi tron oat of strtral
tomputtri ot Iht UnNtrilty Colltge I* Dublin-and
routtar ismtammlrally by ike I
Cemmtrcialttuk at Co
_tonslsi ola ttt of tlte unites, inches data hatri. news fttdi. andtlra-onSe mall In attul caiei. tht it armvti art acetiiibl* Ma tht public telephone tyittm; that Ii. It anyoneerianal tompuitr or ttrmlnel. They ehtrtt periodic, per use. or hourly fits, uhith may tarftwY swxmartei far tuck sertteit at data bast ottru. Mar* rremtti. tht temmtrttal networks haw btpun to tunbliih tonntillen, amvnp thrmsrhrtl andiht aontommerttai rrttorth networks, llsiUt. feeto Wmail from Ctnmpiatnt ihrtwrth tht Interna it an
EAHN user.
waat>aaHe am-M il PI
mtt. ft* rtmmr* artimLyi rtevt'ft fa
ipwuari ihe-s/entr rttftt airtttbti ihr aninU frr errneiwlentiiftf.
baik careenIMg tcw.roci arc ptrvaitvcn. CEMAkail wltrtln ircoaJcalrcmaia an inlimi-fluini barrier to compaW an-ctHai.are rnmi dearly vuibkwarairlira or the luiiahhirof ihejaaHic-witcbtd tdrobone tyttemt to
loppcrt data ccntmankaiiona, where the Eutoranetwork it tcneially uteapabk oTlttpponint coiDootrr commaakttlon wiibotrt error-correctingand trxrjdly cor4riidned (Icated) liora. Several
ft.niave been prcc-ncd or .nnl. ltd ihti would imotvt Weiitrn invcaimtzi In the CEMA telecommunication* inlruirwtorr, ibe rooti eoMtn-itrsj) rsran* ihe piopoied constructionreat Siberian fitser-opilc link between Europe >nil Jirnri onthe USSR could piggybackof In owi domestic common icniuns Uithc.
Networks; Capable BM Iioliifd Keg-analdty. district, or tnn it larn in area at revert! Soviet republics- -arc tatly forced, tod several hit been eiii Wishedheavy eoncaarttioni of computer ripoiM In the USSR ihit include!labiUotuI network ia Mctcow and network) fctrncd.e-arcea faditict ia Rica. Uatacrad. mM No-ttM-kwtk(MC butA key future of ikcM.tiwa.kin
rswn, eompuiei-uaini iattrtulct -ilhtnhe "Stbir- rtiMnil network is reported to serve remote inililaita la Omia. Tcenik. Krasaoyarik. It-kulak,ew other remote sites..
rw_ j'und
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obiny way of
rks: Minimal Resotstces The USSRin| It nationallit Academy ofad it it much leu developed thin it. reponal nbrxsmpcnenUfsce figure t) AWiUmieli rrtourcn ire minimal. According lot
(which is -dl auasnrxtcoedee jo-emmeni ia tha US reteareh atrworksin yearly Useeugn IPtl aad sico ansae* per
year
wmon ot tea dirruedead crganu-Joa tr iroap ofanintioat, fee eatvatpk, ibr latriat Academy of Scitncea. -btch potet fewer mtere-pii-raiansal dtrbeulika.
The primary Meecow-area network it centered in ibe Institute cf Avlomattd Systemsllchnci it ihr lead orianizabon for East-Weil miwoikltj. Ii includes it least ihree. compuieri ai ike IAS, four computer! at iht Alt-Union Intiuuu of Seatntihe and Technical Informationomptiten at the International Center foe Scientific tad Technical Informition. and tingk computer, at ie.eral otherhe IAS and several of Ike other Inilitutes are also attached to ihe USSRof Sciences' Altadeimet' network
The Intiiiute of Qedronk Cdmpuiiaa (IEVT) inheaded byibaitia.ocei for MltTMlriiiff for the Ununciences. Tie Eaivun Academy of Snoot it oneemtlreheard |aTM raaveS ee*tsmuok*tiousptekm-tewchaa*attworh bt the USSR tfd bai bcea leant, tavotved ia cetmpMcr-icrweetiaitor mtaj yean under Yakabarrit's ehrectce-
bo an cuerrjicnal artwork is fadthe hlcwcaibirsk AktOcmrocool lAcatkna lyjef the Siberian Denanmeirt of the Sonet Ac.fle myciencet In addition to inicrconnccling tht
Tht hard-arc to ttscenrtetorted to am brea drntcped at tht IEVT ia Rut*ated aa dtled deoratrc miaodectrean. The rwwork IriMBitansci are sloweeanaruon -itk tirmltr Weit.rn networks I* addition, it* Icei-disUncceno nettioni rxt-iOed by the MinistryCommurwoiiom are onen uartliabk.
Othtt CEMA couolfies hatealoap Ibe huts ofe Hvnpirun Academy of Sciencesetwork later-conaectlna; nompuirrt atnstitutes- Similarly, the rollah Acidemy ol ScienceseiuwhSK (Nitlcnal AcadernJc ComputetNone of these nei worts It particularly lirje-Mortover. they ara likely to bt rather intuialedr Mtworksof the poor eemmunrcationt infra tlrveturc.
Tha CTMA toaairkt ptncnai. in an intra-CEMA nttwark aaaitanat tn Akarlnaati'. Thb serna u> wt in Iht form of dedMited cnaaeetktat wUh the Meneo. luhof Akatttnttar by muniitihe vsuiam Mttrnal attwerta. far ctancCe, Httatary't academic network Ltttk lafonaaucn it tvidihk cn Iht ma ft of thrae ustrrnitnaal laks. but it is Kkdy that they carrywaanal level of din iratac.
h
Western nti"Of lin.1 ite, in many ntu. beta undertakenoptimise (be use of etpeinlve compute-lion lime on avpenrmputen. as wiih (fca US NSfNRT. Acwle infrasuuctursl probbma, coupled withommumcatioao-cril. rnvKi (ba dimceker arnpeaiii He la the USSR. Belowjlveu lewl ca*ammuw attldbtyartetwork
Virion! Soviet mtlilatea ma inikiii'- anddau baiea. and ibe Siaie Automated System of Sciealilk and Icchnkal Information (OASNTI) ii dctiined Inational inform) lion service for iheie dali. OASNTI teems toiinpli llir network In which aicrieaiBccina todata bate lo Query and retrieve da 'a ac documents, ll daca not
oIV 'reien, h
me* at rteelronac mail, thai" dinci
commu meat ion Other Etil European rouairiei have cilabliihrd da it bale)ariety of treat but {here ii very lit the evidence of data basesvailable via any sort of network access..
Eatt-Wnl . i liahi
Al ill iicompeer tetwork communication is not bine more than lhc rrsauTBuion of difrla! daiaomai&^auam medium. Al *Mb. nut
p iowpuieT-lc- faineant nr linkmodcaniormal telephone conneetican. Given ihe ilobal icach of telephone icrvkecs. ll Is poiiible io eiiabtith tuck afrom multiplecniivcanywhere in (he world.
Sample laokionaection between Ihe Soviei laslitule of Space Research (IKI) and the turopcaa Space Ove/aiieea Ctasrr (ESOC) in Darmitadi. Wen Germany,iaJir anc to ihe Centre NaltOuutl cTF.iwJei Spaiiak. (Niumnl Center fa* Statea Stud ict) ia Pini Theie laakt arc vied for Ike moat rudimentary trintfcr of daia, and the ESOC link it physically irpuiatc fiota the fiOtri oonneclloni lo ihe eafniWe Space Phytic* Analytii Network.
Accordo maiiiiei posed on the Westernnetaorki. too imlilutes In Hufgary and Circhotliivikia ire toneettedlobal network calledhis ii as eiiiemelr in*form ofbaud cat tSe Ueut ovci'nirmputen In mini the arrweak paaa aanipi by
telephonic OwMCtisau mtOe with aee"i! eatlbtohfd
frocjuency, for rumple, once per nitit ran lake some linacessage tn pasttiiiant
recipient.'
The nvnt unusual Eait-Wea compuicrseen thai farescd bulletin board intern (SBS) that was actaJian. Euocn. with lhc astrstance nf Fwuunh eeanpaMr uten. Tha MS waa widely pHbhorcd in ckft-mk mail miataact and oewtltllen diiiribated over Western nclwoiti. and
Uten from Ih* tUllcd Statu. Japan. Ih* United
Kingdom aad eticwherc rusnsfcd lo conned io it via lan.-dblance iclephonc taflj.tem could be ei peeled to eipand traniborder com muniea lion in tbe Otiticlocal culiural and
Tbe Primat) ofUSSRtlASNET
a sincU Soviet organiialiaa provide! (he gateway for all sifiuncant computer communicationi UaSo in tbe noainalilarySauna! Center for Auto-mated Dale Eaeharujc (NCaDEJ The NCADE as hosted by the AlUaaoaInstitute of Applied AMensated Syncs* more cuenatenly caned IAS Both the institute and lhcre estabrtibed in Itil to serveeaui for Sewicl computer communacalion. According loC .
^ili- NCADE oprrattacUcctnmunicalioM node for cenneclint Ihe USSR information tanlell ll well as ulccommuiualions eotnpaaieln tboath IaS mayuties apart fleam ihcate of NCADE. aswal lesVewces to the abeweascribe ihens ia IaS
IAS conntctioni to (he West arc rcponrd in open literaiuic ai coniitiiat of several bated liaet in Ausiria ind Finland. These links,mppoci the
same ccenmunic* lions protocols at ire uied by the Western dill rtetworkvproridc aceeu to Ihe Radio Austria ind DATA PAR networks ind vis theie nrt-oikiost, if noi nil, of (he othei Woiera commerdil ind ixunmon-enriierll of IheuTwever. tie relstivclyloul amount of data Ihtl an be transmitted over ihe Eki-Weh eeniKetlorut is certainly less than that carried by any linile high-ipeed En* in ibe many research ind commereiil networks aa the United States sadEurope. IAS eboetiuvdyonnection with the United States vis in Intelsat satellite connection to support the Operation) of the SinTelepon fSFMTl
IAS ii without question tht USSR'! primary conduit for bin-West data eiebanje, if not iu monopoly supplier of istentilional data communkatiom sec-vices. The Moscoweiwork may aho be known is IASNET,esult or lAS't prominence in its role as the East-West bridge. Through IAS the Moscowrovides ihc fottowing tervices:
Limited access by Soviet own to Westernnetworks, including users at remote sites of Akadernset'.
Access by Soviet and other users to inail service through IAS. either from one of tbe sites on the Moscow network or Irom Western networks.
Access lo Soviei data basesumber of ihc faciiitiei of tbe Moscow network.
Calning Entry Into Western Europe*arly0 the board of directors of EARN approved five CEMA aationt foe membership: the USSR. Bulgaria, Crceheelorikia. Hungaiy, and Poland. Because EARN provides links io Ibe US BITNET and other Western research net weeks. Soii-ei and East European members will tsm ilgnihcant
ber-cfili
EARN decision wsj nol opposed by the US Government. According to an opinio* delivered by the US Deportment of Commerce Inor East European facilities to EARN does not seem to require US approval, although EARN linb directly lo the US eqauvilcnt of" and indirectly io many other US reicsreh networks. Because of ihc inherent limitation* of EARN and inierndwork gateways. EARN wai mat viewed lo be a
threat at far as direct Ea^ern icotts to Westernso-called diversion In ploittux InsetX The opinion did raise the issue of ihe pouiblliiy of transfer of "technical data"orm of proscribed technology transfer, bal did nol cite that as anto current connection plana.
me
rtoup iraAc Between ibc
Iuomi and BITNET/EARN end theARN coanecriooinlora some degree of jsculiy li -wild he pcanhk, tattempt io restrict rncuiie traflte ao thai aIceifn tow ccenpoiee could noi Mod mail to tha US domcU: networks end vice vein According lo tha EARN bylaws, only lull tnrsubeti of EARN enjoy anright to puat mestigte to BITNETaaaociatc meinbera may be granted aiaular ptl-ilege* onlyeertlen of tha EARNit fa not known whether tuckndeed in force.
EARN to several Otber ces- Wrocli- and Lcdl were cried tieardVdstei Aay number ce" users it Otber remit silts could make use ol ihe Polish cccnptrtcri participating la EARN if Ihe la iter are equipped writ rrtadcrni to permit dial-up access.
From iiaiemiota by Ihe EARN boaid of directorso indication thai Rati Germany hat tought OoruMCtion lo EARN With German unification, ll will be potiible to eatead WeslARNeien Ihe Internet conecclloiu to Eait German liter. West Germany ii already negotiating -ith East Germiny lo help nsedcrnlta Ibc Fast German tete-pbont ind network services infrastructure
s uihktfyast VVeati
serass traffic back aod (on*ITNET unci and another userountry enjoying only EARN .associate membership. As lar ai Ihc issue cf access to sensitive resources such e> Mprecominiers. current access controls oo the machines iheirwchut aretoftVaeeii to detert*.
According to diicuitloni conducied via electronic mail on EARN, plana fur Ihc eattniioa of EARN into Poland were wall under way by0 (see figurehe participants included ai kast two rotes who access EARN from Poll ad through choreaticniversity in Denmark and the Centre Eurcpcea Recherche Nuekawe (Eurowsa Center fee Nuedesr Research) ia Swustilaaat
i. Umnily nil pee-ide tie
decs'the EARN eueaa-ink out nf Potind) in Ihe for*nswtiblcainframe Hadsillocaied by tlx Poliih Committee fnrTeehnologiealay fo*raicd eommunlcauOni line toEARN site, andothei loquiiltc
Tbe first East Wai stautlor i
aerv.es was the SFMT. esubfebed aa tbe aw*German vteiure. Uterhuk USSR, recently announced ne- services starting in the Uiter pano include fa. (facsimile) and elrtirorske. of0 data base access {presumably lo the dsu basesivit IAS NET) wai to be added. AUhoughUSSR miy be notnlailly compel It ivc with SFMT,- iy Ihn both make utc ol the IAS network oonntrtttnt Into Moscow.
SFMT wis created ainine-added computera variety of high-level user servicesimulsting the user frera ihe lechnieal aspects ofuaiag the network ennrcctwns of IAS. SFMT wis designed for the ccsvcEucnt mierehsngt of tlect'oeK mid. far, aad otheriu bae-uet. US and Scwiet men.inc uae of bothnd Cyrilbc alphabets, t
InI
-hich had prcrioutly beanublicvltea. wai moved lo Inlcltat. IA5 icrvet at the SFMTl ptwnt of entry into the USSR. US users may icccai the US end of SFMT from any of several public computer network', but ihe Mo end is fai moit resiriiitdr
various intirrsltd partiei ia Poland are in the process of forming in EARN uteri group TheensBliihtd KASK stayiicd toeitend
The Ktttll Scr^ f1>notbt.mtr. Ij putfAS1 .mill itlind ricompui-inc retounx.ie poor So-it! cammiin.ciiiootThere ii. (hut far. do co.nm.irul icinoe to pioodt tminetal ioccii rTotded by (bertlut added network tervictt-Compa.Ttkaet. tad io on-iltbk in Iht Weir.
Ooe ut ofo rre-tde comcwttr letXel lowtrtktf iaerm, ma, better crnrimotucaiwa mil. pare* romptoic. ind ronticlt in iht Wen there,cdcii market in Ihr USSR in Wftplyini Iwhnictl temcei toa facility In Mcscowio
/S'SSf
provide ?tinunj and xerographicsupport to hint currencySFMT'a iharc inmay makeiable joint veniarc even if Soviet we ra minimal. The toils for Soviet uteri rueubudiied by Western user fees. I
Ouiloe* aad laasJicattoas
lMrgritraw.ee cbu Netmsrfcs With thrort
Tha nan-CEMAhavecritical mats* that sme*ly encourage! naw growth Owarc-iwoi nib the gsohel rMtworki wntd immedmeli increare the utility ol intra-CEMA netwerttrag.scenarios for growthalill leave (be CEMA networksubstantial In behind the West,nth the poer tccanctoepCalbtanc ihu major mtraini
If CfcilA computers or computer netwceti eslibllsh jrJ.ihle ties to the Weitern reaearch nerwo-ka aidW EARNoodaad Eati Enrcpcan rrncarchers willigmti. canl leap in accttilbtliiy lo slottal resources Not the kail important function of Ihc research network! ts tho rnaramiim they provide for collegia! attraction via ilnetruniea rraenicner hi Boa- an shareaad dsn wilhcoBcegoc in Beaton end eapect responses infew hours rsi her than Ihe -teas required via traditional mall, ind ai ao direct cost to either utdnidual
The East-West connections nil have 1enCEMA net-
o diwuswd Akaderinei'
with Na Soviet uteri concluded lhal 'Afcad entail*oy. There it ao rratanoanccl lo it, because there it nothing to which tof Akadernsei'Io be connected to I'ARN, each naw host attached to Aiiilimset' would. In theory, ienmrdialely enjoyinan at tmtMenroiitpasscs.
Unuucsliorubty, ihe poor iclcconirnuniciliont Infri-ttrucrerc winurbing influenceetwork growth TherobaMy most ugnrfcant ia lata arcai: the intertonneeii.iiy of rc|ional nclra kt ind
ll
A treat deil of icier oniaora in lhc Wtu covMtniiaily ifatortaa *iaWet inn smirch networks tic both ecanmunMahantttli tne! infnrmiiion archrxi. Pit' Soviei
md Eatt Baropnin Biticnl dull
bawl it hilly la iacrtatt. especially at better aad cheaper tan- Wen coramejQai hnka ara caubhihed
i caanttlsarn, at earrcnihr pice-ceed or bataf irttpatrncated. do aai aeca to ran* any mat at* drretitOn In place, whereby Eaaiern rcieircnera would (tin illicit aecctt lo Wraterniud in ihe Wot Alihoaih remote tcceat to auch fio'.il'i it provided to maty Waatara wktra, the naiare af pra-
pcaed nrlworh mrvicra. Ibe rcttrkiicflitnd met acceii contrail mlnlmiinany tweh
(hrcau.
Actrulbtflly of Sorkl aad llil Eoropean Kraeaicb
Networking will (ram Eaitcrn reaearcheit belter aeccu to Wetttra refcmrcet.otaled Fui-Wtu aetworkirti will aho oroode better rtmote aetata hy Wcitereen to Fatten) rcteircbrrt and reteiich faeUi-lie* The diiit mint (ion of Eaitcrn inearth renin will be cnbaneed. tmnt ui better iaaikt iam ika aaiara of rctramfc ceoartani l afcrh hood, prat rami iiipportla. military applicaiioni.
There may ha aa atcreiM* role lor Faat-te-Weai icertncJoej tramfcr, which reteareh nciworkinr. will accelerate. Nerotutroni havo been under way for tome lime to open Sewiti dau batct it ibcatiSc aad (ethnical itacarth irstitntet hkc VINITI (already aa IASNET1 to eowmeie.il tahuription Weatcra re-leticli tc^ricea often thiric In taetii of (ICO an hnui for acceii to itta leacril reaearcb dalaihai mayimibia la Scmet data rmideri at ekapciaic nrad af hard cartcacy. Oat Weiiern infor-inailoa tervie* hiioint yen lure with VINITI to Kibtiinlially aparadt VINITf't hardware bait with aeaanpatrr ctnier- iht Wratera Arm would recoup theat VIHIITioldoviet atd foretfn labtcilbcti.
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