F. Sbeperdeoa
Chief, BI
attention! Bert freeaea
Chief, Italian Section, BI
WOK: T* crest J. eVenr-crlno
Chief, Itallaa Dlelelon, SI, WOTO
BVWICT: Bene Beporte
are four reports filed by aouree04 iruery
a reeding of theeeewatle doing, eoateeti he le dareloilng, and re re;loforaatlop.
j, ertelo thet roe Bill be able to note iKprcreraat la eech report. Thlaelrlj rvod Maaple Of ohet bb average egeat experleacei la the fiele,a handles bla aaterlel.
4. 1Mot leteod to eoatlaue fcrvardlne; you ttee* raperte.you Bill fros tla* to lite retainfroa our ti- ouroei for tbe purfthe ageat'e eerller workbla preieot -production,cene of teatlag hia progress.
J. any Bugf,eetlose froa you ere oelcoeu.
CLaL&jj*ni%
J
JZ/73
TO: klh. BakJ.art*
ery eeUeieeterr talk eltb ay auaber eat proepeot. By preseatetloo vaa along thete you. fb* Individual le ell ling to attaapt to obtain anaears toe*Ueoe. ive hiaucither* lie blank pepar. and naturally anjbtained lo reply amel be aoet earofully guarded as to source.
I did not Halt tbe'field of ay interest to this country oi any group of countries. urpeeely left tbet eetlrely open. Tcu eight *iah te inforn certain people there that yen bare tUe particular efeannel available. In vies of tb* poteotlel value of the source aad Its fund of laforwatlen vhlefc eould b* eoalng to ueiry high
I think tbe eueslloea should be eerefully selected and be oo topics ofiDieretl te u*h* parllcular tlee. for obvious reeeona the oueetlen* ahould baolitical.eccaoalc or social (or any ooe'.lnatloa thereof) rathertrlct allltary nature.
Tou eauld cable to oe vie ourt tht offlc*i!iDc*. Or if tha tlaa eleeentee* ltportaat, th*eanj or coaaunleatloas eouldiaf*etory. Aloo our frlenda bore aty bare (tuestlont that rete uae of tali aouree.
are bees and ehall eootlnue to be corking ea By ether eouree* for general InforoetlOB. Xverytblngoing cell bui.aeoth anticipated,progr*a* le* be si**.
re ooat
lOODOBlO ttOTOlutlOO III Hi]/
, trt: i j . Idd a: Oal<olutl(dtbi *la*a
its aoat. (Thia ajipUii to tba libaroted area* andot take loto oeotlderatloo tba *uff*rlnga cauted by boaba and
at aay ba tbat it aaa plan&ad tfali aay or tbar* la do thing tbatba deal about tba situation. Ia any case It raflecte poorly oo tba alllas.aodba lt< llaaa,thatatarlal point ofra torn off than underaanj.
Lack of apace lo ahlpatbar transportation faclUtlea doaa not *ipl*ln tb* *bol* frotlM.
Tb*ax/ of tb*ood tb* reachBofba lack'tf traoportatios Bad mt
fooda. Xfforta at price ooDtrelnot seoocharacter af sany of thaple la aueheoDtrol la dinic_.it but tbat laltb* Alii**alll authority.
tttlMi aiBj af th* rleb Mia eut
baat.altber becaua* thayj of tb*anduxurleean tb* eooej to pay th* blgh price*. Soee of tb* poor haee founddlractly or lDdlr*ctly tltb tb* Bread forca*ba t ad aratbera of tba poor ara Is deeperate elrouBataaca*. tb* Blddl* clsa*hola baa
aavlog* ara feai aad price* atake
It virtually lapoialbl* too tbaf in feraer aWDdard of Ufa. Aad thia eounda alto tb* prld* ef tb* Blddl* Clae*.
Ualea* *nicc*aaful* arteoa th* alddl* alaaa afllar aad pro fee clonalbaekVoDo of aayba bankrupt.
gourcea: SavaraJf tha Blddl*
Oalbol'o Oburcfa Id ftuerlan-doolnetcd Areas
iteteoantl IfOSCOe Udto the
contrary,there ha* rot bean any significant laproTCneBt inattitude toeerde religion Id geveral aad tbe Cetholic Church In particular*
Russia le alleged te be ueiogtactics la setting up oburcbaeo subject to the Ceaiunlet Gorernaent.
The Vaticaneen cut off froa cocaunlcstloa aitb tbe Cetholic blehope and clergy In Tugoalarla. There) is concern that there vlll be aerloua trouble for the Cetholic Church In all the areae held nor or In tbe future by Rod Army forces.
Coaacot; If Rueeie carries out ber doseetlo policy toearde religion la the forelga areas ebicb abe Is deeloeting (aacy with Catholic and other rallgtouat all!erytiae beforeeel peace Id ceotral Xurcpc. Tbe Catholic Churchuia certainly raaiat CTeryohtrc and euater eorld-olde public oplDlon.
fatigue*
Co* doeaava to So Italy eaay days before It to reellied that tbo people her*tired of tht 'ear. Boay of tboo lock .Tin sufficient epirlt to rigorouslyend asolst tht allied effort* to drive the Oar can ooeay froaountry*
toe Italianfatigue' l. eanlfeated to aeny
tblasai hesleteaceTsa to tbe point ofand rioting,to avoid tbe dreft for tbe Italian amy; tbe dealhe part ofeturn to the esodiuona of resele'a eher* life ami net $ hard; eceptleles.on tbe part of aany,concerning tbe ear alas ef tha United actions and their ability te execute abet tbey aeuld like lo aaa dono.
Bounce: Coaveraatione oltb elergyaen of four nationalitieshave extenelv* Italian eceteet*. rional obervatlone.
Ooeeiot: the Xtellanfatigue* le oaually blaaed on the tee decades of Ufa under niclso. fa eould be daealvlid; ourselves ifaccepted that as the entire truth. Of eourae It is parll> true, Bui other factor* ehleb eoBtritute to the situationcontinuing effect! of Ooraaa propaganda oo tbe Italia, a; the erldeat failure of tbe Onlted Batlona* propaganda forces to Bute widelyet aa are fighting for and why the Hellene should all eaea It their flgbt toe.
Co.-uM..1 VofM.Bt Co BdCBDBd
ed "glnletr*ColhoMo CcaauniBB or ChrlatlaD toft) *ae coodeaoed in ft bo*oIubqf tb*tor*for January. Th* BtBtt aSf^'io reapooae to aaay ie;.niibar* cob* to u* ia uit Mttirtu bava beea aulterlied to* that th* principle** of tb* organ! Mtloo 'filblatra Orletlaba'.notelthetermllng |t| Bteoodre hot lotb* teaching* of th* CbutOtbos* oho proclaiaare oo right to speak a*f Christian thought and ao aueh lea* to Blaia that tboa**lah the tru* good of tb* people.auet adhere to tholr sovtBeBt."
Caaaont; Tba aathod ofand aordlng of tb* atatasapthat tb* cood*Boatlo& la official by tb* Catholic Church. Tho onlyental los vould b* an offioial atatoaeot of tb* fop*,apaaklng a* bead of th* Church. Thi*oo* onlyrar* oocaalooa and on natters of eooalcsrnVl* laportanc*.
The atatasant vould sot& iaruad bad tbar* notob* concern aooag Caihollea ea tbla laaua. Alao it oould oat cavaif thtre itrt any doubt about tbe oooforslty ofrloelplas and tboaa of th* Catholic Church.
Th* atatCBODt stay ba *xj>ected ton Influeoce not aaly oo Cathoiice lo Italy but *lacah*r* thtt effort* ar* aad* to fuae CoBounlitle end Catholic
stored*Polish Trees* la
lb* fellah force* Sor* ooDtloulna* to fiSbtltb*lr heart la ton*. Kaay belief*op**Bt*heir noeelaod lo tbe eery osar future any oak* It laooaalbl* for tbeo tobaoktbey eight sot alabtt*o oo bo. Thla laard bio* to sboa fighting aora thaa fir* year*. Tba Pole* look to tbo United State, aa their Boly hope. Kany af tht* do* too suchoundary line but thay do not went to lln under Coaaunlaa. Itallegedree Bleotloo In Poland nee eould not rereal acreoe percent OoBBunlat Tot*.
Source: ole oho *as captured eitb tbe Polleb any defendingCaceped.eade bla oay .to Italy, ea* putoncentretienoeptured by tb* CrCrsan* again,eeoapefl.
Attitude Toaerd* Allied Troopa
The Astrleao troop* ar* aor* popular than tb* Brltlab. Th* attitude of Allied troope.eapeold ly Aaorlcan,io churches baatbject of aateoelv* farorabl* coeaeot. Xbe colored ABerloaa troop* or* biased,perhapa dJaproportionellj.fer BCzual crieci. fblie stoat af tbe Italians etrongly dlsap^roTS Of tbs flrl* ivnnlog after Allied eoldlcre and officers.the letter bar* also coee In for eoaeldereble orltlcleai. fetter* aay b* lens;afteraf tbe actarlal daaage of tho ear baa baea aroead.
Bources: fieeereJ Italians of dlesrse backgrounds andnon-Italian
Q'fiN- ft. 2 -ft?
R'.'Mlaa file
sti
Tbeoveronent hsi uade exte&elTO un of tha action picture for propaganda purpose* nt boaa and ebrotd for thabty five year*, In Italy at tbt present Una tbere ie eoneiderabl* Rueel an flla activity.
Tbe Huaelaa Jtsbeacy haa set up ae tbe Italian distributor or Jluiilaaamardlnle.an Stella* *ho cae not pravlouely is tbe Ilia busintst. Da JeraaMlnla trade*. vltbg* boae at Tit On*aa terree ae general aaoeger. Bolaa* vaa foraarly connection vltb* lo the capacity of aaleaecretary at tbe Ruesiansaid to ba tbe responsible director of RussianotlTlty lo Italy.
Out of tb* alleged propagrnda fund0 tbeevidently allot**eoneldere&le ana for file) dir*ct and indirect nature. Kusrlan pleture* released
Italy to date bare beenlaproporllonally largevitb sxteoalve tea ef Tber*nlarge-ale*age propaganda aagatina in 2tellan,*llvbieb le selling forire In Roae and 20
nia fiovietlco"ell produced publication sith aany llluetratlooe. Ita prepaganda linehat Rus.lao fllaa are not sorely probanda but cootalo Buelc, dance,and conedy. The only advertlelng vaicrlel le three eBall ade effor three RussianCaaalno',gcd
Tb* article sntltledeeberal italiani* bee tbeosing lead:
although tbe ftuoelaa filoe saveldtetlc end, in tb* widest seoae ef tbe tera,be sbo see* In even;Russian filaiork ef propaganda is sreng.
Tbe hi story of tbe Russian file above tbat
fllaaharacterexclusively tbe
red struggls of 'll.all tba problaaa ef tbe sovietdepicted sxteoelvely bothhe social sense and
tbe artistic aod cultural. fopulsrlBatlOBS of novala
literary oorks of tbs prseont tloa andb*eoaady forv tbe vaat aaterla) froa vhich tha suiacian
fllB draaa to create ita eblef vork*. In th* productions
ui'lw Filet
CC
all see ol tb* Italian *cr**a* all tha extent af i' oubJecte.and it ell] alloto for* an idea oroituiii andefcountry *hich for aore thai eerao eurrouoded for oa to aa. aryelory.
Aboutuealaa rile* ar* Hated far preo*otatlo& Id Italy thleeon vhlcb eterted leit Vail*
Op to tbe protect ilea tbe hueelao file aotiTityh* flrat3 country to b*oeet rolel baale. i rente Fueslen fllaa to exhlbltoro cad reoelrie Boney. It le eald thet the ale lerlbutienbaa revenue aad eaall r* stele ar* acceptad.
All aaoricaa aad Brltlab pleural brought lotc tkl* country elece th*ld eepiee pat late elreuletlea agile,ore coctrolled by. The ftuteleae do not participate lo tbe file eetlTlty of.
Th* head ef the file eccLleo cfLt. Pllardlbeeo trying to cooperate *ith tbe fiuetluia loIn the hope of eooperetleo free theo lo
(oi tba benefit ef tbef.B. fllo Intereete In tbe Balkena. it. lerl bee helped the ttuetlene eel booking* eltb tbe Cloeae Banagere eboa be knot*. But theretuaelac ferture ehoin lo onebe arranged to bete the Angio-Aoerlean netaretl tf the Ubtratlco of Parle Included en tbe prograa. ii tbetani vara net pleaetd.
Itellex* faalllar altb file cuatOBl In Italy report tbit tb* huooleni up to oo* baten eklllful la tb* Beleetleo of file* for Italy. Th* riretpicture* *ar* of tooropaganda character andature taloh deae act appeal to the . lUllaat. Opeolalrouaedkth* fcuaaltna bad their fllB* playing In four cf tba flrat runnhle feet aade it seceeeary for aany fllB gone teon* ef tb* Ruction fila* or atey avay froa the batter eioeaee tbet eaek.
course*: Several of the tut lofcroed oeebere ef tbe file buat aeea lo Italy; th*i, filatbe publlcetleoFila BovlttlCO".
i
Telephone Boulpweat atj
lb* ryhe MTlng Of->hleh wouldnabled im* eervlee even if tb* Ooraaa* (aa at fltrenoe;allr. at poaa nay ba af* interestraoard aad for tba
Ourlac tbaoccupation af Hoaar.xrtelephone oeepany raalisad that etepe ahould ba takeneeaeatlal equlpe-eatafes>ene deairoyedebeaestablish saereoocy aartlcc far tbe allltaryeniiin. eerrloea.ea ho spittle. Blng thataafe BTailabl* piecetbe fat lean, tbe officialproblea tetbe Vatican, fter the
pro Ilea eeaatknot abat toopen titi:afwithout
aexplanation would hate eaueed trouble., Then tbeof tbe tab phone eoapaay end the Vatican persona plan. etter vae erltton froa tae'fettcan o the fact that theirh**ge was le tbaalgM be destroyed by beablag ta underground eaebangc Id the Tetlcanenarlnoer eea eepoeered by tbe eoepeni Ve aeri outof lettera. It waa as read by the telephonetbe Materiel could be fura*ehad bQt It Iad nottb* nrl could be eeerple free the Tetlcan eaaa to ihe effect that kbit Me allthey Banted the eeulpeont iaeedlatelyb*.eight b* harder te gel
The engineericked eree ef ee& afcd rounded rapbe dee.red. Be bed that era* oftake lt to Tbey beifferentad eotod tb*Vetleanie rial propertye city efthereotid late Vetlean -ii; A'itoptruck*. It at*ert ef jtbe Vetleantbe Job the *ngin*er la tutetloa vaaitbthatn eeplpyee of VatUaa
Bourc*: ereoe directly concerned.
allies* ha iter Rao* Coeplex
Tb* general iopreselea udi en tb* Italians by tb* allies Is tbat tb* letter oooeldarstealer fuu**. Many Aasrioana aad angllBbaea have baao going about loo* fashion that anaould conoluds that theyh* Italian* a* lnferlero. Zt la true that certain ItellaDalaaa andar* cooperated In fosteringtls*nt but people aho laok Tood.shelter sad clothesot bs held completely reeponelblc* Tbs Oaraane--tb* lasle--actually eenaldar the Italiansbeneetb thei aad laprsseed tbat fset on tbeo during th* eocupstlos. Hut In aanytbe Oersvuie vers arora stibtls aod laia eonaplcuoue lo developing eucb an ispreasloo en tbe Italians than tba All is* have baen.
Ihe current aaalftatetloo* ef tbe Alllee Beater Moo eoaplex here are aaoy. Oo* of the aost objectionable to tbe Italian* (and to the hope* of an early raeterstlon of soosthlng approaching no rati lo Italy)v* reciuleltlonlng. Tb* allle* bare teken ever far too aaay *choole,public bulldinge and privets property of all kinds. Ths allied control aad government have beenoo aucb In tba op*o.
l*ltlonlng of all kind* otlll sootlnues. The effects ceo be to only further<bat le leftery tottering SConoslB In th* end it *ill poeslbly seen graater loan* In goode or aoney froa tbe Onlted Ststes. bob tha Italian OoveraaoDt la euppoaed to be reeponeltle for leeae* sufferedleltloniDg. tut tb* Kalian Oo<*roa*Bt laegarded aeool ef tho alllea andre* goveraaent at all. (Xo klod but not In degree It le coaparad to Sail Itulellng governaaatB.) Pur tb* mora tb* ItsllaaBill probably not bsr to rtlae funds to pay ear aoete.direel end Indirect*
lb* psychologies! affecte of tbe generalaay b*reater, froa anpoint of via*,on Tbe preaenee of the allle*oneplououseerteln to be ooapsred unfavorably vltb appearancaa oftb* Oeraan*. alsot this let* date onnot knoa vben anything b* has
' Krtir fa;*2
O ob* Bllh right i I ObJeClB to
el ape loth*or th* aeoeaetty of eoatrelllng natter-here to Italy Bt preieat. But th* aenner totBlDr* done I* epea to eerleut
Id*a aatpvirtual dloletore Id th*lr particular field. Boa* Brafoodor tbaasalTB* out of tba probleae hero. Tor eineple tt apart af tba blsck Market oouldBiedletely if tb* aeuro* of aupplj af eut off. Both th* All lee aad tha Hellene tba*nlfaa Bra reaponelble. Tbe tlaa* aan aotll on oaa aide. Individual* Id bobj eedlora of activity .it tfeaandioc their trlbut* of *b* Uod or aooth* r.
Tb* atllt d.ha partoaah* Bagllah aadthat tba people bar* dtaart* tbalrny peoplefor afueaolioi far otareere deeerve toata oot balp odb *ay ar and. bar
an lodlvBdaal her*flode thinge,materially apaaklnB,Ta*tlyno* thaaPeaclBB ar under tha Basl*.
Tha coldlere fhoerelly hat* plenty of coney to pay tba prlcaa Baked eo ihtj aalurelly dolli* that nany afha prlcaa. Tba alllaallotad aoidier*
offlcara wntiec'ecst.rlly ta eoapeie forvailable. It *aa enly tory recently that
iber pleeeefoodput out of bound* to ollllary perconna). Th* bulkba dantfc bodato Lbeualiln vary afrietlj *Dforcad. Tba raatmraot ecoar* verao b* abla ta bell Vbat tht, had lo tbt aifheat blddtr.
er;thlndi that hat* been don*to tb* lUUone
b Bnglend ar Aaerlee nay ba aeutlooad tba oiii'el'uii'n:. Ob Boveeber lath It vaa announcedlaa oould'toBnfl*od and poataaaaaloB* andboueandear*9 pard erJy thlata tb*thoughong llat)
bob* of tb* eoeaage* bad baan traaa*ltt*d. aaad cool vlllhat kind* ttai
C. OC't b* i
Treateeot el* Aaerlcen litlooala
There bet Tatar, ooneldtreble eritlelaa aaoag th* Aaerlcen wUomli fitught In Italy daring tba var regarding an alleged lack af acEletaaoe te tbea. Xt la aaierted that no ana aaaaa te hate tbe raepocelbimy In thle natter aad tbat only prostateague nature are received* The enly concrete help bee been. It lc ar.id.an increase af tba bread rationay. Xt ceo fuither aald that the Increase vac oo trivial In proportloo to tha pressing see's that It oould hardly ba regardedenefit. vana aot regardedasic alnlaua.
Coo-senti is countrise arc libsratad it would saea that aoae
afflalalo ahould hare tbe Job of taking good care of learlcane both to develop ohat ahould be floe eourcec of inforaatloo end etcoodjy tc rcaovc any beala for the thought aaoog the local population tbat. does not look out for Hecltlcene ahead of other*.
fro-Allied Argentine Church
While the Argentine governaaot be* been puraulog it neutral ar pro-Axle Hae.ltetereetlng to report that tbe Catholic Church at Roac (Piatt* "ruenosor Argea tinend directed by prieeta froa tbat oountry/cerved efugeunter of persona aought by tha Oeraani. Xt la further atid tbat there vac ehe!iered thereooelderable period an Allies ag*ntogtged lo obtcinlng alliter/ Inforaetlcn eoncernlng alrfielde and fliepoeltion of the kail alfforce lo Italy.
Source! An Italian eho dales that shelter *ao proaleed bla at tba Argcntlea cburcb,lf he found lt nee aaary te flee froa tbe Jul a.
attitude rotted RuB.lc
In Italy It la Dot onlyelhot fee) aOf but ri of
th* allied /ere**. Tb** aeoag th*aay b* eoeethat oor* *eul* than loort* ef tb* eorld beoeuae thia front see eeakeoed atilea *beo It eould ill afford euch actloond three British divisions to Oraeeo. oa* of thel tbet tbe *ltu*tloo in Oreeoe vould oolrleeo elthoutpproval. InlhdreeaJ ef Britlah Boreea to Oreaee froo Italy hae aade theeak here thle sinter evea border.
The preble* about Bueete'c polloy le loereaeed sheaeeldto Oreace ore eoaelderad In tbe light of the eieepolot of allied yoreea lo Italy. The edfence to tbe outealrte of Teraev and thao thelloc dleturbs other* of tba elite* beeldee tb* Idea. Tb*r*jueetlon *hy BuoiSe acted juat ae far and oo further Id rugoslevie. But above all, of ecuree,there le the aetter eflet Bortbero froat ehlcb oo* pero aay or aay not knot) ell egad k* rt that tb** abl* to aot* y. divlalooe to tbe *eetorD frootpossiblet Deceeber oflenalvp.
It ia eeld that voodcr le loereaeed ebeo lt le thought that Russia bee grssl etoaks of earnd bod. Mare Itald tb* pUocad Pccaeber offensive (vhlch ea* celled off) tea tounted withball* per r- oa tbe Xishth Bray frootar gin oo tbe Fifth 4raj frostenough only for tbrea or four boura firing per gun. Aleo elth regerd to tbe ooapBrleon la aa aharp--bara It laeta able to aalntaln aoreaopoeer
Tbe Itellane of conservative tradltlooa are oorrled ebout fcueeleeneral eay. fbey do not feel that they knotustle oaote and they are aot generally aell loforoed eboutut aany doubt that tbe Itallao eharacler ard eoasunlaa can go together,
Sources: allied era/ chnplelae of severe] aj Uonelltlee; Itellane In saveral aalke of life,etc,
'Par tost
Japanese Representation st th* Vatican
Th*at tba Vatican ta ooapoaed of len Berada.BcbaaaBdor^MBBahiac Rapflyaaa,secretary,their faalllee,epaneae Catholic priest,educated In Rooe,vho eerves aa unofficial edvlser. ignificant fact la that the eecretaryatholic aa la bla aife and the Babes sa.
Although the Jspeoeee regard with euapiclOD Cetholle* bccouee the religion le an ioternetlonel one and not eooethingenec*,tb* Jepaneae Government bee organised lte repreeentallon at the Vatican bo that Catholic influences are etrong.
It le reported that the Japanese repreeeotellvee at tbe Vatican are odx veil Informed about if exeee policy. Thle la aald to be lo line with tbe general practice of using tbe foreign ofllcc sen abroad aa aere toolc of the allitery.
Attitude ef Jepaneee Cetholice
The ettltude of Japanese Catpollca,individually androup, any be of aejor importance when Japan la occupied. Jepaneae Cetholice ara not very nuaeroue but occupy eoae important pleceeuaber of the higher cleae Jepaneae feelllee hare sent tbelr children toun by Cetholle prleate or nunc.
Jepanese Cetholice ere held in eoac auaplcion et hoec by their fellow Jepaneae. Tbe ssentallty of tbe boat la so difflrent froa our own tbat we too should regard with ecae suspicion the Cttbollclty of the Japanese. It would be necestary to proceed with caution but th* Cetholle Japanese aay beroup.tooreoped international aenaa than other Jepaneae. Thle ahould max* it eesiar for the Catholic Jepeocee to understand whet is wanted by the United antlone at the tine of,end during,tbe occupation of Japan and Jap-dominated areas.
One of th* aoat outetsndlng Jspanee* Cetholice is iflslrtO Sln?iro raattasto. who vac the first .eoovetlt to Cetholieiss3 ofe neb HcrieclBte' icbool lo Japan. H* baa traveled widely,especial ly lo Surope. lo6 Teaanoto told frleoda In hone tbet conflict between Jepen and tbe United'Stete* was Inevitable beceue* of the clceb of rscee aaCeoaeerclel interests, tbat Japan wee preparing for
N
f
' Per Etet'npte'a *
?
tbet wer,and when the first bloe would be etruck It would beone, bout the cue tlee Xosesoto spoke aboutof tbe Cetholle Jep&nete towerde the wer withpolote probebly represented,at lecet then lo the wiewpolotmilitary Cat hollouftsery of openlon. he struggle le against coasunlao,t le to protect
eooeercs,t le to etop anti-Japbpese Boveoente, end 3)
it le to defeod Japanese rlghte In North China and stanchuria--froB thoee seeertlone Yaaaaoto concluded that thewas morally Justified. It le possible that tbe yeere of warrcpaganda caopeigo on tbe coral questions Involved Bight have sobs effect on tbe Japanese Catholics. AtulnlcuB tbe attitude of the fspanese Catholics should be less difficult to handle than the attitude of tbe Jepaneee In general.
Italian Jepaneee Specialist
Clan Carlo Csstsgoa la sn Italian priest who bee specialized In Japeneae affairs. At least until tbe outbreak of tbe wer la Europe he *se sxtremely pro-Japanese. If hia attltuCe has cttanged be Blgbteeful eource of Information ea he traveled in Japan and badcootacts with Jepaneae. Be le reported to be In northern Itely living with bis faelly.
IT
her. Caetagoe bee publlsalf dcren books on Jepaneee Batters at the iibrerle Ball1ana Edltrice preee of Venice. Titlca of tbe books ore; delCiapponae oggl*,nlpponlca: Cose al forgleno gll.lllone dlranslatedthe Oeroan ofitler vonosto del Giep,one nel Bondo" froa tbe Engliab of J. Grande.
e
englo-Anerlcen Difficulties hegerdlng Italy
The U. e. Bccre-.ery of tun for tha prefect,at leaat.li pereona aoo <ret.io. end not Br. Btetloluc bee eedc the trip to loader, lo work on problem In preperetlon for tbe aeetlng of, Three.
Irltiah objections pretenf^ibe President fron Bending La OuerdlaItaly.
Brltlab crltlcleaa of the report of Control O'Dvyer ere eaong tbe chief reeeonebe baa not been returned to Italy.
i half. colooela In charge of laportaot dcpartoeota requested andhange of duty *hen they found Brill eh colooela put In ever then eubeequeot to the llberellon of hoat by tba Aserlcene.
Increeaed Baleopolo"
Tbe central coaalttec ef the Chrittlan Daoocratedelighted ehen the sale of the party oeeepeperOO0 on tbe day tbo Corrlcra dl Bona cesaed publication under tbe euaplcea ofopolo" *ee reported to be eold out AV that oorolog.
Source: an Iteliar. closely eocuvected sltb tbe Christian Desecrate.
Vatican Aid to These fleeing tbe Ceraaoa
During the tlac of the Oerann occupation the Vatican and rcllgloue orgenltatlone and churches throughout Benearge ouvber ef those fleeing the Bella. Scat ledlcetlon of tha ouaberaC aay ba gained froa tbe iocrease ef BhaiBataa enefcf the Vaticao guerde The IncreeaB bed no real purpoee ef defeaee for ell
fteeplto tba eitreaely difficult economic condition* Id Italy at tb* present tine aererel bualoessc* ere enjoying remarkable proeperlty. (TMt doea not Include conalderetlon of the many black market businesses and Industrie*.) Circumstances neceaaery for good bueloeea ere to have something to sell vhlch the public needs or fecle It oeede endeystes of ceeb and no credit transaction*. utsteDdlng euccsesee today In Italy ere the tranaportetlcn sod cinema buelnc**ee> Poubtloeo fortunes ere being made in both. Tranaportsticoo scares tbet tztrccely high prlcee ere caked sod received. Tbcetre and clncae buslnese ie goodumber ofbe publiceed for escepe entertainment, eoldlers snd persooebav* soldiers' money go to theatres snd clneaee, eone good fllma (American) are available after an interval ef fro* three to five years depending on tbe producer, tbe capbaela ofi. handling moat of the dlatrlbutlon haa been on getting fllsa shovn rather than on revenue,and finally the eyeteo of checking cn theetre endu* baa Juit about collspsed cn account of ver eonditlone eo ecae theetre operetore are eubmlttlng fake returns andigh percentage of the cdelssicn money. Llkcalce trsoaportatloD ia sold centrallyeab bacla and eoactloee let to the highest bidder, eo prlcee constantly
n se.
Sourcee; ns connected directly and indirectly vilfc elceea end trtnaport'tlon businccses In Itely.
Pride of the Itelims of the north
The chtrecter of the llellane in tbe psrlh mey grettly cr.enge the cltuxtlon then the Gercsn* arc driven cut. an Instinct of th* type cf chtrecter in the Bortb is sbovn in the follovlng sccount.
A fc* deya ago repreeeotetltea ef aa laerlcan relief orgt-nixetlcs called on the Cerdlnal of Florence. Be aald.The Amcrlcene are very
kind and geoeroua. But v* bav*pl* hereshall
D*ed very little help.*
Bourec: go Individual preieot st the setting lo
. '
Tbs Itellena art efatura that they find It very Difficult to understand the Brltleh and the rrteone behind Uritish foreign pelley.cepoelai ly as it rotates to Italy and her letereste. Proa the Itellane poiol ef vlsw.tbe Sngllshaan la herd,rigid and legalistic. He la not considered to be generous ar synpclbetlc. The Italian also la auspicious of aoaa ulterior aotlvc Id all brltleh activities.
Coateote this eeek by Churchill and Eden in the Bouee of Conoooe here oot helped the Italian attitude toaarda Bnglend, 6obc people here,perhepe seny,believe tbet Bngland--for ooaetohs aoouct ef food and auppllea east to llely end hoc eserted preeitre on tbe Colted States to tble end. Publlcetlon by Dree Ptarson of Its an to this intent sea loterpreted by oanyeaa used by. Oovernoeot or prominent officiale of the Goecrnaeot to get the point node that lt aee Bnglend and not the Doited Stetee ehleb eee oretruetlng ehlpecnte to Italy.
Confusion about Brltleh policy is further increased by the feet oany here believeery eeek Italy eould In the end hurt Bnglend by notetlsfaotory ally or by going loto the ephsre of influence of hueala.
Sourcea: Itollane in eeveraJ fields of actlrlty.
Attitude Tosards Aosrlca
The Italians still look to An trice for the solution ofdeepltc oany clear Indications that the Dotted States leany directing pert In Itallaa affaire. Boat Italiansbut continue to hope. They fcnoa the noney and etherouch ose froa. They do not conprehend thatbes ao intertat in Italy,but England alone. The Itallaoetha ehole.teepereBeatally akia to theaaelvee. stature)lice the American's generoelty i. Thay would Ilka
to be In the sphere of influer.ee of. rather then of Bnglaod or of kuesle or any ether country. . will pro bally be hated here ob tbe grounda that It ahould have takeo the guldlog hand but did not.
Sourcee: Aa above.
ItalyWtf
Cirteln factors involved In Italy's relationship with Coomunlta araature thet Bakes then eeelly apparent. The Cooaunlat Una la proclalaed by the official spokceoao of the parly threujh,' and action picture outlets. .The hopeleesntBB of aany ltollcoe who oay be exptcted tt grasp el eny propoeed solution of roblese le IKewieo oanlfeet.
But other factora ere lose obvious. theae are:lear Allied econoslc policy towerde Italy; bs Character of tbe ltellon which aekcs Mb.Iougged lndlvlduellat ef tbe Boat unreconatructcdraditional Catholic dcaplte chengte in the political aeene;ha affiliationart of the paeclet party's foroer aesbtrehlp with the Ceasutilat party.
If the Anglo-Aacrlcan Alllea hare an economic policy with regard to Italy,they hate not cade the fact knopn to their own offlcera aod Itellexe directly cooceroed. At eny rat* there ere no concrete feworeble reeulte to Indicate the existence ofolicy. At present all that la happening la thet,frost an aconoaic point ofhoroughly defeated and Uttered country le being further ruined end He chances cf recovery are belog delayed enc bnndicaped. The final tffecte of this state of el fairs sr* cleer--if Italy is not kept lo whet aay be termed tbe cepltelletlc economic orbit it la IWeiy to go into sooe other sod to bl lost foi ar. indefinite perioderkat for both jueerlctn gooda and
American ideas of life and living.
Tewpereoentelly the Italian It tatrcncly lodivlduallatlc to the extent that he doea not work sell together withountry-ste. Thle phase of Ms character tends ageloat acceptanceoBusunietic system Having juet thrown off on* ayttec not teaptrasentelly pleating to Mb,it la not likely the Itallen would adopt anotherlailer nature,Ifree choice. The absenceooaunlly or nttlonnl spirit In tbe average Italian la causing deep eflects today. Many Itsllaot appeer not to care tbat happens to other Italians. This eeeae to bt one of oeny reeaoas for the euene of the 'black Barkst1 and aplrlt cf conflict of aoat Hellene acalnet aoet ether Itsllcos.
Italy end Ccmu'
Trie Catholicity of the Xtolloo aakee possible the reel contradiction of individuals claiming to he bother good partyend prectislng Cothollce et the saec tint. In pert this le due lo the feet thet atecy Hellene hue their own Idee of what Coeiueleo le or ehould he. Currently nenyre playing CoaeiuQlea foi Its ealuealance egelnet the present Anglo-ABterlcaa oeight of control. There la an old Italian proverb,tnd custOB,about 'fishing in troubled eaters.1 Purtherojrea little likelihood that the Coaounlet perty would geln control of Italy in any general elections,aaaualng that the Alllea assure free electtone.bacbuee ao oany of tha top intellectual circles end tbe aaaaae of tele people are practlalng Cathollce.
The question,"fou telkeeciet.areouldoneidereble nuaber o* effiraatlve replleo,lf aneaered frenkly. The Coeounist party ha* been accenting freely rank end file eeaters ef tha Peaclet party. It le certeln tbat all the foracr Fascist party acabcre are trying toeana of protecting their person and their property. Sooe here elected to try the Coaourist party; ethers other parlies. But tactics and aethoda of tha Coaounlel perty,byeep appeal to foraer rank and file JKeeclete. 'orkere In certain activities here found thet the substitutionoaaur.lit perty neabership card for the old Paeclsl union cardor.vet.leet,or essential, eld in obtaining aork.
f all factor* the only one over ahicb the alliee have real control la theireaonooic policy toeerde Italy. That aay in the end be the forca to aelng tht country one eey or another. It lauestion of aere aaterial help clone but also hoa tueh the Hellene are helped to help thcaaelves in the economic field. Aturally,thay feel eery auch at see. If no help is given to the rebuilding of Italy on the traditional cccnoclc ]ioes,lt la likely thet aha will turn to econoalc and aocUl experimentation which eventually night b* very dllpleesing to Aacrlce and England froarading and an ideological point af
Sources: Italiaoc in aevereJ fielde of activity and eoelelee Allied officials,personal
U.S. Clerics st the Vatican
The Delegct* or the Aoerlcan Blehops to the Vatican te llooelgnor filter Cerroll or Pittsburgh who bee been In tse United Stetee recoveringerious heart condition which
Attitude
The transition froa the raeclst regis* to thene of confused liberty hea ao chocked the older schoolboys mod young acn that al present they here no reel political ettltudtoositive cherscter. The young men lo the age ofre known Dothlng slat but th* Parelet training. In th*lr echbols fascist thinking ess lopresaed en thea In every aay snd In every ooient of the day. They do not understand whet hea heppeced end nothing yet haa filled the place aedc vecent In their lives by the foil of 'eeclcm. The internal confusion hereeeling cf uncertainty about th* future of ltely are not Ideal conditionsirth of polltlcel thinitlng ae we snoe it and with it in Aacrlcs.
The attitsdc of the young oen towards the war le of prlae Importance at th* moment becewee the Itellen governmentrying toerge sray. There le eothusieam only among Ihe older polltloltne for the draft here. The majority of the your* sen do not want lo go to wer,feeling thet they do net know who or what they are fighting for. Tbe fact thet the Ceraensood part of their native land doea not have on theuth the erfectould have in other countries. Here they are not eura thet the Oermso dominationart of the country is lo be replecedritish doelnallone of the whole eecocpenled by tbe lose of Italy's colonies ori ldonlnatior. or what. In th* pr*sent stele sanyitnd betlar tc do nothing.
Th* rally etUniverelty In horn* to etir up enthusiasm for the drtft and the war lest week was reported toismal failure. Pleesrds Invited all young men to ts presenl. mail groed was eeld to have turned out. That crowd it washree to one againet the draft.
Sources: Two non-Italian tcecbera who bev* taughterge school in bone forre.
m
Englishactivity
it th*lae brltlsh filn activity Idot ofompanies,is supposed to be run entirely by th*of the Amy. Certain Erujlleh Interest* her* curled oo negoliatlone endontract outsidea.
(a* previously reported the Russians tee* do pert in.
flln activity ha end harerivate,commercial flre>
for their notion picture
a. English cltlaen rcpreaeatlag Londonr Alexander korda),heeeal for acvan fllna olth Italian Interest*. The firat contract aa* eorked out allh Socleti Italiansoepeny organizedLulgl Giannuttl-Savelll aad Carlooung sen olthnut prevloua flla experience hut aeobcre oflllee. Tbe mother of Clennunl-Savalll la alleged to hove lvportent ties elth eery proslnent pcraooa in inglacd. alaagie has eorked slth Sforra in political activity.
The original deal oe* reported tootel aiMo.ua guerentee oflllloolgh price eoteiCirlrg that the cost of prints.dubbing Into Italian and advertising elll aaount tc about one atllllcn llree for each of tbe eeren filar, aarly ineoni nine caae into the deal,after peyaenteported one sillloD llree to tbe Socltte Italians Cioeaatografica. Leoni Plla*to bc dietrlbutor of the pictures. At thia point London Pilse objected (probably action taken in London) on tha grour.de that Leoni bed been tied too closely lo Peseiat lntereete,having been the distributor of ficalere files *Mch eere eoae of the better PaeclctThere*&ld to beersonal objection tobeceuse soae nebbers of the family took advantagerovision in the anti-Jewish lee* and had their eotber eeear they tare Dot sons of their fether. Tr-ls aede It posrlble for thee to reealo in business alth the yseclets.)
Tbis seek Leoniolleague la the flla business that ths deal bad been finally elgoed.
Italngot has teen In Italy,off and on,since the lest ear.ear* agoe In the flla business in larle and finally
TUB Acti. Ay-Z
i
tecexe iani|tr for Frence of Foa Fila Corp.,en American company. There wea eoec trouble > e left under clrcusstenceo which did not sake it possible for Ma to gel another positionicture fira. He then took up producing in France and lster sent to England where heoell business dealing Intoriestnuacrlpt*. This *ork slso brought Ma to Italy. He turned up eerly thle yell lo ltsly varlouely reported ss hsvtngspeelal Job with the britlsh aroy,working forworking on britlsh Vlnlstry of Information file production in Itsly*. fila eutrfngltlee deny thet Melngot bee sny connectiontbea. At any rate he has been representing London. Lorde. Halngot foroerly lived at th* ludovlel Hotel/ Thletenber of the Itsllsn fllo buelnees aald thet he *a* unable to locate atalngot there or get eny eddrees for Ma.
Another sen alleged by soae it the Italisn fila industry to be conducting eoBsercle] ocgolletiooe le Stewen Pellcs.ofliclsl in. fila section repreeenting British lntereat*. Por msny years Felloe aorked for Alexander Korde. 'silos is Hungerlan by birthritish subject. He hoc beea csrrylng oc the ssell ssount of filo production conducted here by.
robably cither Haingot or Fallos or soaeonc sctlng for thes.ls reported to be oegotlellog for the purcheeeerge piece of propertyineac. The property le on Vis Sletlna and leby Ing.onztructor has dooe considerable ssrx foi the Vatican.
The Britishactivities here interest in thet they are Bldsay between the hueslene eMeh sre openly coaaerclal and the Asericana which apparently sre still prevented free recusing commercial activity by the military authorities. Treasury rcgulttloos.
Sources; uaberibers of the fllB industry here.
'o'file Bntertelnaeol end Propaganda
(TM following ootii eretudy oad*als* cltlscohed an opportunity to travel eatensively In SouthernSicily several eonthe ago. Tee notee elill have Telue because there haa been no algnlflcant chenge in the Ilia policy.)
Patrons dislike ths under current of propaganda present in the asjority of feature files ahoen to thea. Yeara and yeera ofpropager-ja have aade the public eatrcaely propegende coneclous end ot present tbey do not even eant to bear the aord neotlooed. It euat be noted that tbe general tcndcBcy is to qualify as propaganda snythlng that la not undaratood.aa
The publlo la eatreeely interested in ncearcels beceuae tbese shoa fects and not theories. But greet care euat be token in the editing of th* neerreela to avoid repetition of the Incident at oaplea Intssreel shoaed as Ceeaan deatroction and demolition ohat acre actually caused by Allied boablng*.
Th* interest in doeuscntaiy shorts is not so strong. Tnie probeblyoe the lostlnciiva reectloo agaloet th* abort* leeucd under th* fate let regie*. Although theren leaenae difference bet-tea the ahorta of thoae daya and those of tbe preacot day,tbe public atlll reecte uofevorebly. Tbey do not atot to be ahoan anything ahich beire on their elnde. Tbey eant slsple, pleln facts.
rhroughoul Soulhero Italy ana Mdlly theltitudea defined as plainly. Tfls reaeons for thisy. JFerhape tbe chief ootlveo be found in an locllnc'.lv* reaction to efcat are normally teraeddictatorialleo the exhibitors are not suing as ouch ooney oniles as tbey hoped to lo certain ceaes In the snail towos.they actually lose ooney. Tad Is due to tbe feet thatiles era Shown In original English versions with sub-titles. sicre fllos arc being dubbed into Italian.)
The distribution of filaa aecee to sectery difficult transportation problea. tlcd doont la to official transport,does not seen to pcnetrite se deeply es private file dlctrlbutore aho use commercial truck routes.
There lsertain aaount of unauthorised diatributien and
eahltltion eith printe efeek orat a
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