INVESTIOATIOK REFOIcT ON SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES
Ensign Kelly. Maritime Unit
lieutenant Louis P.. Research and Development
. APPflfiUED FOR RELEASE -
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INVESTIGATION REPORT OF SPECIAL EQUIYIIEET OF THESSALTO GROUP OF TliE ITALIAN NAVY
TO
DIRECTOR
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES WASHINGTON, D. C.
FOR
OFFICIAL ACTION
SUBMITTED BY ENSIGN KELLY.
MARITIME UNIT
LIEUTENANT LOUTS P. ZELENKA, C. E. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TABLE OF COOT'ErTTS
SYLLABUS
DISCUSSION
OAT MTU BOAT
CHARIOT
CKaRIOT
KANGAROO
GAMMA E'^ULT^ENT
PERSONNEL
APPENDIX
OPERATIONAL CHART
DRAWINGS
3 views)
MTM top view)
side view)
side view)
PHOTOGRAPHS
PARAPHRASE
SYLLABUS
This report covers an investigation of the specialand personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto Group of the Italian Navy. The purpose of this investigation was two-fold. First, It was to determine if any of the speoial equipment and personnel reported herein could be of value to the Maritime Unit, Office of Strategic Services, in Southeast Asia or the Fax East. the purpose of this investigation was to ascertain if any of the special equipment and personnel of the Kezzi d'Assalto Group vera procurable for duty with the Maritime Unit inAsia or tbe Far East.
The speoial equipment reported herein includes four type3 of weapons. These are: the Italian midget torpedo boat; tbe Italian explosive motor boat; the Italian "human torpedo"Chariot" and the Gamma or Italian underwater swimmer's eo^jroment. The writers believe that tbe Maritime Unit could use all of'.these weapons advantageously against Japan If native personnel can bo trained or Italian operational personnel can be procured.
To judge tbe value of these speoial weapons, the writers studied the operational reoords of the Mezzi d'Assalto Group. These records reflected that03 this group sunktons of shippingapital ships. All of tbe four weapons above named were employed in sinking this tonnage.'
Tho Mezzi d'Assalto Group, at the present time, has on hand
a limited supply of their special equipment. This includes:
9 each MTSM's (midget torpedo boats)
aob Will's (explosive motor boats)
2 eaobuman torpedoes")
Gamma equipment, non-expend!ble, complete,ach operators
Gamma equipment, expendible, complete,peration
Some of this equipment ia in need of repairs, but tbe chief engineer of the Kezzi d'Assalto Group states that these repairs can be completedays. will supply tbematerials.
The Italian Ministry of Marines has unofficially approved the transfer of all or part of thi3 equipment to the Office of Strategio Services if tbe transfer meets with the approval of Allied Armies in Italy and the British Royal Navy.
The personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto Group is highly trained and operationally experienced in tbe use of this special Tbey are eager to be employed by tbe Maritime Unit for either instructional or operational duties in the Far East.
Due to tbe fact that Italy is not at war with Japan, Mezzi d'Assalto personnel in the capacity of members of tbe Italian armed forces, can not be used operationally. or the Far East. The writers relieve that this personnel might be used operationally if they can be given some special American
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status with the approval of the Italian Ministry of Karines.
The Italian Ministry of Karines has unofficially approved the loan. of all or port of the Mezzi d'Assaltofor instructional duties in the Far East. Officialfor the loan of this personnel is being withheld. requests Allied iurmies in Italy and tho British Royalto grant approval.
The writers strongly suggest that special negotiations bo conduoted. and the Italian Ministry of Marines to obtain Kezzi d'Assalto personnel for operational duty in tho Far East. It is particularly desirable to obtain this personnel because it is already highly trained and operationallyin the use of the speoial weapons herein reported. The training of new personnel in the use of this equipment woulda considerable period of time.
Tho principal recommendations of this. prooure from the itezzl d'Assalto Grour>duty in the Far East all of the special
(E).ach speoialach special equipment maintenancefrom thessalto Croup for instructional duties in the Far. conduct specialth the
Italian Ministry of Marines to obtainach special equipment operatorsach special equipment
maintenance technicians from the Mezzl d'Assalto Group for operational duties in the Paxhat tho Uaritimeither procure the
manufacture of, or purcht.se from the 3ritish on reverse lend-lease several types of Italian Gairaa equipment for the use ofunderwater swimmers.
INVEST IGATION REPORT OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE MEZZI D'ASSALTO CROUP OFilAN NAVY
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Tbis report covers an investigation of tbe special maritime equipment and personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto group of the Italian Navy. This investigation was made at the base of the Mezzi d'Assalto group which is at San Vito Bay near Taranto, Italy. This investigation was made fromanuary.
Tbis report covers the characteristics and physicalof the equipment seen at San Vito. It also containsfor tbe employment of this equipment by tbe Maritime Unit of tbe Office of Strategic Services in Southeast Asia.
This report covers the personnel and past operations of the Mezzi d'Assalto group. In it are recommendations for theof this Italian personnel by the Maritime.
Tbis report includes photographs of all the equipment and some of tbe personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto group. Drawings of some equipment are included. Photographs and drawingsfound in the appendix.
Tbis investigation was made and this investigative report has been compiled in complianceerbal order given by
Major GeneralJ. Donovan, Director, Office of StrategicWashington, D. C.
This investigation and report have further been made in complianceritten order from Lieutenant Colonel C. M. Wood, Chief ofo Ensign Kelly O'Neall, Maritime Branch.
This written order authorizedeall to request technical assistance in making an investigation andeport.
Technical assistance was verbally requested from the Research and Development Branch of tho Office of Strategic Services. Lieut. Louis P. Zelenka, R. and D. Branch, was verbally assigned as technical adviser for the investigation and report. KOTS:
It has been officially requested by the Chief of Staff and Operations of the Mezzl d'Assalto group that past operations of the group referred to, in this report, be regarded as tophis is due to the fact that many operations referred to herein were carried outation with which Italy is presently co-belligerent.
III. GSr?ERALNVESTIGATION 1. MTSM
(a) The MTSM is an Italian midget torpedo boat. It is used by the Italian Navy, primarily for "hit
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and run" operations against enemy shipping and marine installations,
(b) This midget torpedo boat is constructed ofwood with metallic dual cock pit type cabin. Its overall length isnches and its beamnches. The draft of this boatoot. The height of thisrom keel to deck levelnches. Tbisons complete with torpedo. The deck of the ICCSU is slightly cambered. Tha dual cockpit type cabin is located aft of the bow byf the distance from bow to stern. One batob is located forward of tbe oook-pit. The hatch covering the torpedo tube extendseet aft of the cockpit to the stern. One engine hatch is located on either side of the torpedo tube. adio antenna is located direotly forward of the cockpit.
Tbe maximum speed of the LTSU isnots. Thef this boat isilesontinued speed ofnotsilesontinued speed ofnots. SH is unsuitable for the open sea in vinds of more than.
The Engine. Propeller and Accessories (o) The MTSM Is poweredasoline engines oforsepower each. These engines are of Alpha Romeo design and can bo operated individually or synchronized to operate harmoniously together. Each enginearburetors and its own complete assembly. Each engine drives one propeller. Both propellers and propeller shafts are completelyso thatSM can pess freely over obstructions. asoline engines use high octane gasoline.
Three gasoline tanks are symmetrically located aft of the cockpit. Each full tankapacity ofallons. Additional fuel tanks can beto the deck.
Two exhaust transoms are located just below deck level at the stern. One transom is located to port and one to starboard. The location of these transoms above the vator line omits much of the noise which is usual with small craft at low speed.
The Cabin and the Steering Gear (d) The dual cockpit type cabin is located aft of the bow byf the distance from bow to stern. The semi-streamlined superstructure of
the cabin rises approximatelyeet above deok. Two hatches are located on the topside of the cabin superstructure and serve as entrances to tbe cockpit. This cabin is approximately 5'feet deep from the top of the cabin hatch to the deck of the cabin.
The cabin of the KTSM is equipped with dual oontrol steering and piloting gear. The radio telephone and radio telegraph equipment are located in the cabin. The torpedo release lever is conveniently located on the floor betweenteering wheels. The Torpedo and Torpedo Tube (e) The torpedo tube is parallel to the keeleet aft of the cabin to the stern. This tube is slightly more thannches in diameter. The after end of the torpedo tube is enclosedound aluminum door which is centered on the stern. The torpedo tube door is opened to discharge tbe torpedo, but it cannot be opened when the propellers are in the fully retracted position.
The torpedo is dischargedneumatic ram which is situated in the torpedo tube. An independent unit airtroke) gasoline engine builds up the necessary pressure. The required pressure can be built up en route to the target.
torpedo used by the KTSMpecialisnches in diameter andeet 6length complete with warhead. This torpedoby compressed airpeedaximum range0 feet and itsaccurate range0 feet. This torpedoin the torpedo tube.
Defensive Equipment of the MTSM
defensive weapons of this boat are intendedinafe withdrawal after the "hitattack.
Two speoial depth charges which are similar to the American Navy's "K" gun are mounted aft of the cabin. These depth charges are used againstsurface craft. This charge is equippedead weight delay mechanism which becomes detached when the charge sinkset depth. Afteritself from the lead weight, the charge rises to an approximateoot depth and automatically detonates.
Smoke screen equipment can be used by the yp.SU. The type of smoke screen equipment used by the Italianspherical float which isnches in diameter. Itmoke soreen which lastsinutes.
perators carry small arms and hand grenades ror additional protection. The Operators
MTSM is operateden who may sit orthe operator's cabin. Operators usuallyhead and shoulders protruding above the topsidecabin hatches in order to have adequate
Each operatoromplete set of steering and piloting oontrols before him. The operators may alternate control of the boat. transportation of the KTSM
1TTSM may be transported aboard or tonedmother craft to increase ita renge.pecially fitted MS boat (ItalianknownKangaroo" to transport the"Kangaroo" is fitted to carry one KTSM.Navy has successfully transportedoverland by truok to increase their range.
A Zh ton truck with speoial fittings will carry one KTSM. Operational Technique (J) The Italian Navy usuallySK boats in groupsr more and often in conjunction with UTM explosive motor boats. The ordinary praotice is for the KTM boats to attack; the harbor nets and
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booms and make an entrance into tbe harbor for the UTSM boats. The attack inside the harbor is carried out by the MTSM boats at top speed. The operatorsourse tovard the selected target until the boat comes within torpedo range. The operator thenegree turn and discharges the torpedo from the stern of the MTSM. After firing the torpedo, the operator heads for the open sea, using the defensive weapons.
(a) Tbe ITTM is an Italian explosive motor boat. This boat is used principally for operations against enemy shipping and marine installations. Description
(bj The MTM is constructed of mahogany wood. Itslength iseet and its beamnches. Tbis explosive motor boatraftnches.
The pilot'st is located at the stern. The deck of this boat is slightly camberedeet aft of the bow to the stern. There are two hatches. The forward hatch covers the explosive compartment and the aft hatoh covers the engine compartment, (c) The maximum speed of the MTM isnots. Therangeontinued speed ofnots
miles. ontinued speed ofnots ornots, the extreme range of the MTM isiles in calm water. oderately ohoppy sea the range of the MTM isiles. ind ofs maximum for safe operational work. The Engine, Propeller and Accessories (d) The MTU is powered by oneorse-power Alpha-Romeo gasoline engine. This engine is looated athwartships in the engine compartment. This engine operates one propeller. The propeller and propeller shaft are retractable to permit this craft to pass over an obstruction. The transmission is so designed that the drive is taken through an oil operated friction clutcha reverse gear.
The throttle can be rapidly plaoed in either the full ahead or full astern positions and the drive is taken up gradually. This simplifies handling the MTU in restricted waters. The MTM uses high octane gasoline. Thereasoline tanks, eachapacity ofallons. One fuel tank is located on the port side of the engine and the other on the starboard side. The exhaust transom is just below deck level on the port side of the stern. This transom is above
the vater line to eliminate the noise made by an underwater exhaust transom. The Pilot's Cockpit and the Steering Gear
The pilot's oookpit is located at the stern andone man. Itnches square andnches behind the stern. It ison its port, starboard and forward sidesetal combing (cowling). This combing rises approximatelynches above the deok.
The steering gear and navigational equipment are located in tbe pilot's cockpit. This gear Includes the steering wheel, the throttle, the instrument panel and compass. The following levers are located in the pilot'3 cockpit: the "propeller retracting" lever, the "oockiag" lever and the "detonation choice" lever. These levers will be discussed later in this report.
The Pilot's Escape Kaft
pilot's escape raft is attached to thethe cockpit. This raft is constructed ofof wood which areeetnohes thick. These pieces are The two pieces hinge out or opena floatingeet in lengtheet
6 inches In width. en being carried at the
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stern, the raft is doubled upnoh square. The release of the escape raft isby the "cocking lever" located in the pilot's hatch. The escape raft, whenarrying position, forms the aftorside of the pilot's
The Explosive Charge and Detonating Mechanism
weapon of the explosive motor bout is achargebs. This depth charge
is cylindrical in shape and is similar in appearance5 gallon oil drum. It is mounted ineet aft of the bow. The "detonation choice" switch may be set to detonate the charge either hydrostatically or
small "breakup" charges are situated 1of the main charge, one charge to starboard,to port,harge athwartships. of these charges causes the afTM to breakaft of the main charge. These breakupconnected electrically with the Bumper
(j) The Bumper mechanism oonsistsarts, tho Bumper frame and the Bumper switch. This mechanism enables any part of the forward quarter of the KTM to strike
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the target and cause detonation. The Bumper frame consistsubular steel frame which is shaped to follow the bow line of the boat. This frame lies flat on the deck endnches all around the gunwhale. It is held in position by guides which allow it to be movedforward or sideward. The Bumper frame is connected to the second part of the Bumperwhich is the Bumper switch or initiator. This electric switch is located athvartships and under the after edge of the Bumper frame. When the Bumper frame strikes its target, the electric clr-ouit of the Bumper switch is opened and thecharges are electrically detonated, (k) The anti-boom lever is an extension of the Bumper frame. Iteet in length andooked end. The anti-boom lever is hinged at its topside to the forward end of the Bumper frame. It extendsnches below the surfaoe of the water when in use. ien not in use it is hinged back so that it lies along the deck of the bow parallel to the keel. The pilot releases the anti-boom lever from its stowed position by meansire terminating in the pilot's hatch. it is in aposition, contact of the anti-boom lever with
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any harbor boom or not will cause the 3umper frame to move. The movement of the Bumper framedetonation of the "breakup" oharges and the main charge. Instantaneous firing Is used for thishe "cocking" lever in the "cocked" positiondoes the following: closes the firing circuit of the Bumper switch;inute time fuse which will detonate the main charge if the mil does not strike its target; and releases the operator's escape raft. When this lever is in the "uncocked" position the Bumper switoh is inactivated.
(m) The main charge may be detonated in two ways,
hydrostaticttlly or instantaneously. If the main charge is set for hydrostatic detonation, the breakup of the VTH permits the charge to sink beneath its target where it detonates. If the main charge is set for instantaneous detonation, it is electrically exploded when the Bumper frame strikes the target. The "detonation choice" lever, which is located in the cockpit, selects the type ot detonation desired by the operator.
The Operator (n) The MTU is operated by one man vho stands or
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squats inside the cockpit located at the stern. This operator's head and shoulders protrude above the cockpit for visibility. This pilot is clothedpecial suit of rubberized waterproof material which is identical with the suit worn by the "chariot" operator. Underwater breathingis not used. This operator is attached to his escape raftope. Operational Technique
(oj The Italians carry out the attack inside the harborpeed ofonots. They believe that this speed is the most aocurate steering speed. The UTU operator directs the course of the boat until iteet from tbe selected target. At this point the operator "freezes" the steering gear so that the MTK willollision course with the target. The operator simultaneously pulls the "oooklng lever" and Jumps out of the boat. Ke must pull at least bis head and chest out of the vater and onto his escape raft bolore the main bursting charge
JpJ Khen the operator of this boat desires tooom he approaches at slow speed. If the buoys
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of the boom ere far enough apart and the upper cable Is below the surface, the operator raises the propeller to minimum depth necessary forand drives slowly through. If it isto tilt the drive more thonegrees, the normal steering apparatus will not function. In this esse, the boat, moving very slowly, is steered by means of an oar which is carried for the This boat can be steered with an oar even when it is necessary to place the drive in aposition.
If the top cable of the boom is above theoats must work together. Two pilots get in one boot, taking the extra boat in tow. At the boom cable, the driver of the towed boat gets out of the towing boat to stand on the top boom cable. Ee supports himself against the bow of the towing boat. The pilot of the towing boat places the throttle in neutral and raises his propeller. He then gets out of the boat and also stands on the boom wire. The weight of the two men depresses the boom cable. The two men pull the boat over the wire by means of handles running from the bovoint abreast of the engines. The process is
then repeated for the towed boot.
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3. The "Chariot"
Italian "Chariot" or "Human Torpedo" isthe. This speoial navel equipmentby the Italian Navy to attack enemymarine installations. The design ofombination of the torpedo andsubmarine.
Description
"Chariot" is constructed of welded sheeta wooden superstructure. It resembles a The overall length of tbis "Chariot" is3 inches. The diameter of the steel body is
1nches. The maximum height of thefrom the top of the main bodyeetnches.
"Chariot"peednotsiles. It cannot operateepth of
eet and must operate in calm seas.
cylindrically shaped body of theeparate compartments whlcbfore to aft:
(lj Warhead or explosive charge
The battery compartment
The engine and pump compartment
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(4) The tail meohanism and tail assembly. There are two dead air ohambers. The forward dead air chamber is located between the warhead and the battery oompartment. The aft dead air chamber is located between the motor and pump compartment and the toil assembly. Warhead
(e) The compartment containing the explosive charge or warheadnches long. The warhead is located at the most forward section of the body of the "Chariot." Its forward part is shaped like the noseorpedo. This warhead is removable. Its detachment is controlledand lever whioh is located in the forward pilot's compartment. The main bursting chargeounds. This charge can be fitted with an adjustable delay mechanism ororn and anchoredine. Battery Conpartuent (f} The battery compartment is situated aft of the This compartment isnches Ions and is cylindrical in shape. This compartmentnits of complete Italian submarine batteries. These batteries are located in theeet of the compartment. This compertuer.1
is separated from the warhead by the forward dead air chamber.
Kngine Compartment
motor and pump compartment is located aftbattery compartment and forward of the This oompartment is approximately 3inches long and is cylindrical In shape. Itfrom the battery compartment by a The electric power unit and theare housed in this compartment arethe ones used in large scale submarines.
Tail Asserably
tail assembly is located aft of the motorcompartment and is separated from thatby the aft dead air chamber. Thehouses the propeller shaft which isat the center and guided directly to This elongated spherical cone sectionas the complete tail assembly. It is4nches in length. Thisthe tail mechanism.
The tail meohanism consists of the rudder and elevator apparatus. The propeller is located at tbe vertex of the cone. The propeller is protected
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i
ylindrical plinth cowling which also rein-foroes the stabilizers and fins of the tall The complete tail mechanismootnches in length from tip to tip of the rudders or tip to tip of the elevator, (i) The superstructure consistsooden sections which ere integrated with the torpedo body.
(l) The forward superstructure is convex in shape. It isnches in height. At the base, this structurenches and at the top itnches. The forward superstructure is located over the forward section of the battery compartment. This superstructure was designed to give the forward pilot some protection from the wind and the waves and to serverotective
cowling over the steeringhe midships superstructure restsover the center of the battery It isnches in height from the torpedo body. Itnches wide at the basenches wide at the top.
This structureack rest for the
forvard operatorrotection from wind
and naves for the aft operator. The immersion chamber is fitted inside the midships superstructure. This chamber is filledter when the chariot is When the water is released from this chamber theomes to the surface. This chamber is controlledandhe after superstructure is almost Itack rest for the alt operator. This structurenches in height from the steel body. It con-vexly curves down to the main body towards the tail assembly for stream lining. Steering and Navigational Apparatus (J) The steering gear and navigational apparatus are located under the cowling formed by the forward superstructure. One universal hand lever directs the course of the "Chariot" both horizontally end vertically. The instrument panelompass. The Operators (k) The "Chariot" is operateden. The forward operator sits between the forward and midships superstructures. He handles the steering gear and navigational equipment. The aft operator sitsthe midships and aft superstructures. Ke
handles the lever whioh controls the Immersion chamber. This lever is looated on the after side of the midships superstructure. Speoial Clothing and Underwater Breathinghe "Chariot" operators wear waterproof clothing and special underwater breathinghe waterproof clothing Is madeieces. These include pants, shirt and outer garment.
The pants are made of light weight India rubber. They are equipped with feet and reach to the arm pit. These pants fit the body snugly. The shirt is made of light weight India rubber. It has long sleevesigh neck. This shirt seals around the skin of the wrists and neck to make thewaterproof. It fits the body snugly. The outer garment is made of rubberized linen. It is attached tonner pieces. This outer garment is equipped with feet and fits tightly around wrists and neck. The outer garment fits the body snugly. This garment buckles down the front.
Long woolen underwear, extra weight, is worn under the rubber inner garments.
The special shoes worn by the "Chariot" operators are similar to Americanhe "Chariot" operators wear underwater breathing units. These diving units are similar to the OSS Lambertson Unit. These units consistead piece, and an oxygen unit. The oxygen unit is worn on the chest. It is connected to the face and head pieceubberized tube. Transportation, of_.the "Chariot" (m) The "Chariot" may be transported by specially fitted submarine orpecially fitted. boat known as the "Kangaroo." The "Chariot" may be carried aboard any surface craft as large as an. Boat or be transported overland by anyon truck. Operational Technique (n) The Italians launch the "Chariot" from the motheroiles distant from the target. The distance between the mother craft and the harbor net may be navigated either submerged or on the surface. Theue to its special design, will frequently passarbor net. If the operators have difficulty passing the "Chariot" through theilent pneumatic cable cutter
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is used. This cable outter Is discussed in this report in connection with Gamma equipment. The approach to the target inside the harbor is made with the "Chariot" submerged. The operators navigate the "Chariot" under the keel of theship. Rooks or magnets are attachod to the bilge keels of the target vessel and lengths of cable are attached from the hooks to the warhead of the "Chariot." The warhead is detached from the "Chariot" by means of the hand lever in the forward pilot's seat. It remains under the keel of the target ship, supported by the cables and hooks. The operators start the delay mechanism of the warhead and retake their positions In the "Chariot" to leave the harbor.
The warhead of the "Chariot" may also be anchored to the bottom of the harbor and usedine*
(a}r "Kew Chariot"ombinedsubmarine and torpedo. This midget submarine will be reformed to throughout this reportC7).
(b) Ho models orj.ave been producod but plans have boen completed and are roadyample and experimental model. This
model has not previously been produced by the Italians due to the lack of materials* (o) Theas the appearance and general lines of the "Chariot.'* It is constructed of welded, sheet steel. The plans provide for an optional overall length ofnoh, oreet,nches. The cyllndrlcally shaped body of theiameternches. treamlinedis centered on the top side of the main body and covers the entire midsection of the body. The designed speed of thesnots and the designed range isiles. It is expected to operateepth ofeet. Thean only operate in smooth seas.
cylindrical main body of tbesseparate compartments. Thesefore to aft are: the explosive chargethe operator's compartment; thethe motor and pump oompartmenttall mechanism.
Warhead
compartment oontalning the warhead is 5inches in length. It is cylindrical ina diameternohes. Theof this compartment is rounded like the nose
orpedo. This warhead mayharge3 lbs.hargesbs. each. Operator's Compartment
operator's compartment is aft of theis separated from the warhead by tbeair chamber. This compartment isshape. Iteet in length and has a2nches. This compartment enclosesthe steering gear and navigational equipment.
Battery Compartment
battery compartment Is located aft of thecompartment. It is separated from thecompartmentteel bulkhead. comportment is cylindrically shaped. It
eet long andiameternches. This compaxtiiifcnt is designed to containtalian submarinetornp, Compartment
motor and pump compartment is aft of thecompartment and is separated from it bybulkhead. This compartment isshape. Iteetnches long andnches. It containsand pump equipment which is similararge scale submarine.
Tho Tail Mechanise!
(i) The tail mechanism ie located at the stern and aft of the motor and pump compartment. Thisis separated from the motor and pumpby the aft dead air chamber. The design of the tail mechanism is the same as for thehe Superstructure
(J) The forward superstructurenches above the main body. It is located over thechamber. The forward part of this structure curves smoothly into the main body.
(k) The aft superstructure rises approximatelynches above the main body. It Is located over the battery compartment. It joins the forward superstructure. The oft section of the aft structure curves smoothly into the main body. The aft superstructure is
he immersion chamber is located In the forwardof the forward superstructure. It is controlled from the operator's compartment.
(m) The operator's escape hatch occupies the afterof the forward superstructure. The escape hatch is equippedpecial roll-back door. The Operator
(n) Thiss operateden who oocupy the operator's compartment.
(o) Operators of theear the same diving
helmets and speoial clothing worn by the "Chariot" operator. OyerationHl 'ieci.i
Cp) Operational tecliniques cannot be given for thes no model has been produced. It is assumed taat the methods of transportation and approach would be similar to methods already discussed in connection with the "Chariot." Tho warhead of) is detachable and would be usedin exactly the same manner as the warhead of themprovementsver theq) The principal lmproveuents of thepon the "Chariot" are: the enclosed pilots* compartments; the larger charge of the warhead; and the greater speed end range.
GAIB^A
Qamma equipment is the general term given to allused by American or Italian undenater swimmers. It is designed to enable the underwater swimmer tomore efficiently. The Breathing apparatus (a) The Breaching Apparatus of the Italian Caiama men or underwater swimmers has been cut down to the
bare essentials. Tbis apparatus consistsreathingouthose clip, aof co2 absorbent and an o2 bottle. The breathing bagubber diaphragm. The outside of this bag is constructed of canvas. This bag is worn high on the operator's chest and has straps that attach around the neck and waist. ubber tube which connects the breathing bag and mouth piece extends from the top of tbe breathing bag.
The mouth pieoe is made of rubber. It is attached to one endubberized tube which leads to the breathing bag. en the mouth piece is inserted in the mouth, the swimmer is able to breath
The nose clip is constructed of metal and rubber. One section of the clip fits near the opening of each nostril while the remainder of the clip squeezes the outside of the nose just below the bridge. This clip is similar to the type often worn by Olympic high divers.
The canisterbsorbent is looated inside the breathing bag. The oxygen bottle is attached to tbe underside of the breathing bag. Only pure oxygen is used.
This breathing unit is equippedhut-off valve,onstant flow and by-pass valve. These are located on the breathing bag for convenience. This unit is designed for underwater work not to exceedinutes duration.Clothing and Accessories (b) Italian Gamma men wear special clothing forwork.
Underwater Swim Suit is made ofIndia rubber and fits the skin tightly. consistsieces. Tbe trousers havefeet and reach to the armpits. kivy shirthirt) in cutbelow the crotch. It has shortfit tightly around the biceps. Aadheres to the skin around the neck. piece of the swim suit isarge rubber band. Afterman is dressed with trousers and top-piece
of the swim suit, he folds the overlap ofieces tohick layer of folded rubber at the waist. The cumberband is worn over the rubber layers at the waist.
limpeters vest i3 made of canvas.extends almost to the operator's crotch and
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is sleeveless. It buckles down tbe front. This vest is equippedings for carrying limpetsoop forheathed knife.
The Gamma man isth an eye piece which is primarily designed to protect the eyes from the salt water and not to aid vision. This eye pieoeircular piece of glass6 inches in diameter. It is mountedubber cushion which adheres to the face and is held in position on the foreheadubber band.
The Gamma man is suppliedead net for camouflage. This net is blue-green In color and iseet square. It is worn over the head. This net is designed towimmer to come to the surface for observation without being detected.
(o) The Italian Gamma men use the American-made foot fin. This is the same type fin used by American under-water swimmers, (These fins are manufactured by theubber Company at Los Angeles.)
No hand fins are used,peoial underwater compass is used by the Italian Gamma men. This compass is worn on the wristrist watch. It is equipped with luminous
- 30
figures and. an optical prism. The purpose of this prism is to permit the swimmer to read hisoourse while swimming on his back. The Rubber Boat and Floats (e) The Gamma meneans of approacharget. These means consist of the rubber boat and the Matarrassino.
The rubber boats used by the Italians areto those already used by this organization.
The Matarrassino is an inflatable rubber float which is constructed of rubberized canvas. Iteet in length and its beameet. It weighsounds. At the bow of this floathin rest whichnches above from the deck. On the starboard side of the chin rest Is
a built-in bellows which is used to inflate the Matarrassino. etal deflation tube with stopper is looated at the center of the ohin rest. ocket for carrying small articles is located on the after side of the chin rest. YOien theis deflated and relied up, itacket le inches in length bynches in widthnches in height.
The Matarrassino cerries one man. This man lies face downward and propels the raft with his hands and arms.
- 31
The built in bellows make it possible to inflate without difficulty while both the llatarrassino and the swimmer are in the water. The principal use of this float is to increase the range of the underwaterhe Italian Navy hasasoline motor for useubber mattress which is similar In design to. rubber inattress. This motormall gasoline unit. It consists of one cylinder whichoot shaftnch propeller. The gasoline tankallon of fuel.
This motor is not used because it produces too much noise. The Italians state that the Germans have redesigned this unit andoiseless motor. Italian Limpets (fJ The Italian Gamma men use two types of limpets. Oneagnetic type and theneumatic type limpet.
he Italian and the American magnetic limpets are similar in construction and operation. This Italian magnetic limpet is rectangular in shape and is constructed of brass. Itnohes
- 32
nches bynches. This limpet4 pounds of plastio explosive. It isth six crescent shaped magnets. This Italian limpetrass time delaywhich is embedded into the plastio explosive in the container. Tbe fuze does not protrude from the limpet.
he pneumatio or Mae West limpet is ancharge which employs the suction principle for adherenoe to it3 target. It is circled by an infletable rubber tube which is similar to an automobile balloon type tube. ross-section of this tube Inflated isnches in diameter. The diameter of theest limpet complete with the mine and inflated tubenches. ial of compressed air is contained within the Mae West tube. The tube is Inflated by breaking the vial of compressed air. This tubeetallic canister whichemisphere in shape. This canister containsounds of explosive which is ignited by antime mechanismry cell battery. This mechanism is inserted into the canister. Thereifferent fixed time delay igniters, one forinutes, oneours, and oneours.
Theest tube and the explosive canister are attached by means of canvas straps. Transportation
men and their equipment can bestriking distance of the tarset byMTJC, any small surface craft or by land The ITTSLiimited rangeespecially fitted for this work because ofdraft.
The Silent ICet or Cable Cutter
Italian cable cutter is designed to cutcables upnches in diameter. It ispowered piece of equipment whichby one "Gamma man."
The Italian cable cutter has two ellipsoidcontainers. One canister contains oxygen. It isnches in diameter and.nches in length. The other canister contains light hydraulic oil fluid. This canister is5 inches in diameternches in length.
These ellipsoid containers are connected with copper tubing. uuber hoseeet long joins the smaller container to the cutting unit. Thisunit is made uparts, the clamp and the
base. Tfie cable ia placed between tbe clamp and tbe base. lip lug bolt holds the base and clamp together and freezes the cable in place. The baseylindrical housing. This baae houses the cutting knife. Operationalhe operational teohnlque of Italian Qamma men Is very similar to that of American underwater swimmers. One notloeable difference in teohnlque is that Italian Gamma men are trained to swim to tho target on their backs. The operator often tows floats behind him which bear the operational equipment. Another notable difference in technique is the lesser amount of time tho Italian swimmer spends underwater. The Italian breathing unit isfor onlyinutes below the surface and tho camouflage head net is intended to permit him to float unobserved on tho surface. 6. PERSOttKEL MEZZI D'ASS ALTO CKOUP Organization
(a) The Mezzi d'Assalto group Is based at San Vito Bay near Taranto, Italy. The grouppecial unit of the Italian Kavy. The members of the group at San Vito areart of the whole organization. The remaining members are either disbanded and at home or still on the Axis side.
(b) Tea yor.zi d'Assalto group Is divided into four main operational groups, according to the type of weapon employed. These groups are:
The UTSkf group
The MTU group
The "Chariot" group,) The Gamma group.
In addition to the operational groups, the unit2 groups of technicians. These groups are the surface equipment technicians and the subsur-faoe equipment technicians. The former group of technicians servioe and maintain the MTSM and MTM boats. Tbe subsurface technicians maintain the "Chariot" and Gamma equipment, (o) The Commanding Offioer and Chief of Operations of the Mezzi d'Assalto group is Captain Ernesto Forza of the fioyal Italian Navy. Captain Forza hasthis group and has been its Chiefossible Use of Personnel by OSS (d) Captain Forza recommends the employment by OSSaslo group ofperators andechnicians, with more men to be added as needed.
Theperators In the recommended basic group6 Italian Naval officerstalian Navy
ratings. These men fall into the followingperators of MTSK and MTMChariot" operators;amma men. All personnel of the basicTM group and the basic "Chariot" operator group have had operational experience. The basic Gamma group is highly trained butoperational experience.
Theechnicians in the recommended basic grouptalian Naval officertalian Naval ratings. The groupatings* forof surface equipmentatings forof subsurface equipment. talian officer is chief technician and engineer for both groups.
All of the officers in the recommended basic group speak enough English to make satisfactory liaison possible. Availability of Personnel (e) Either all or any part of the Mezzi d'Asselto group is available to the Maritimef androper political agreement can be made with the Italian government. The recommendation of Captain Forza is in no way binding and more or less Mezzi d'Assalto personnel^can be acquired.
-
Tbis personnel Is available for eitheror operational duties, depending on thethat can be made with the Italian government. Negotiations are in progress at the present time. Training of Operational Personnel (f) The training periods for use of the Mezzi d'Assalto weapons rangeoonths.
Tbe training period for MTSM and MTK operators isonths. Excellent seamanshiprerequisiteood operator.
The training period for "Chariot" operators isoonths. It is essential that anbe in excellent physical condition. Operators must be under constant medical observation and must live under strict training regulations.
The training period for Gamma operatorsonths. Candidates for training should beswimmers. Gamma men should be under constant medical observation and live under strict training regulations.
It is the opinion of Captain Forza that these training periods could not be shortened.
OPERATIONAL RECORD OFZZI D'ASSALTO GROUP (a) Records of the liezzi d'Assalto sroup claim the
sinkingons of shipping between Autust
-
nd Your attention is invited to the Data Chart in the Appendix. All of the special equipment reported herein was employed in the sinking of this tonnage.
losses inflicted by the Mezzi d'Assalto2anker and 3 Rotable among these losses inflictedsinking of the.he sinking of theI.3.
VALIAHPChariot" and the sinking of the heavyI.S. YOIdC by an ITU boat.
the period of operations fromhe Mezzi d'Assalto Group lostkilled anden taken prisoners. Twowere lost and the full submarinekilled. In snipping, the group lostAS boat.ndboat.
IV. OOLCmSIOn'S;
1. The Mezzi d'Assalto group at San Vito Bey near Taranto, Italy,. boats registered at the present time. . boats are listed by number below and the amount of repuir work and the necessary parts to put these boats in good operational oon-ition are stated. .
-
S.K. boats have been inspected by the writers. The estimates of repair work are those of the Chief 2ngineer ofezzi d'Assalto group.
following boat is in excellent operating
..
following boats are in need of minor repairs
which could be completed withinours if the
necessary replacements or parts were available:
cC.
NOTE: The new parts required for the repair of the above craft are:
Spark plugs, Italian type rubber hoses, special
type gaskets, Italian type electric wires.
(o) The following boats require major repairs which
could be completedoays if the
necessary new parts were available:
.
NOTE: The new parts required for repair are: Bearings, special design Cylinders, Italian type Pistons and rods, Italian type Valves, Italian type
-
Drive shorts and propellers, Italian type Batteries, special type Bushings and couplings, Italian type, (d) The following boat is heavily damaged and wouldconsiderable repairing before it would be in good operational.
NOTE; The hull of this boat is damaged. Two beams on tha port side are broken. The motor isto be beyond efficient repair, (a) The Mezzi d'Assalto group would repair these boats if they possessed the required equipment and the necessary materials. The chief engineering officer has given the writers some samples of the parts required for these boats. These parts will be sent to Washington for further examination and Lieut. Zelenka believes that it would take several months to manufacture the required parts. The parts and equipment used by. are specially mode in Milan, Italy, and no additional parts exist in Allied occupied Italy. It would take several months to manufacture these boats in the United States. Blue prints of. can be made if complete and exaot information isand neoessary. . boat
- 41
can also be shipped to the United States if it is desired. Negotiations ere In progress to prooure the operational and repairable boats for. 2. The Mezzi d'Assalto group has. boatsat the present time. These explosive motor boats are listed by number and operational condition below. . boots have been inspected by the writers. Thoof repair work are those of the ohief engineer of the Mezzi d'Assalto group.
following boats are in exoellent operating
oonditlon:
. No.
following boats are in need of minor repairs
which could be made inours If the necessary
new parts were available:
. No. 2
NOTE: These boots require the some parts listed in the Note followingo) These boats require repairs to the hull in addition to engine repairs which necessitate new parts. It is estimated that these boots could be repaired
- 42
oays if the necessary new parts and materials were available:
. No. 68
70
74
NOTE: These boats require the same parts listed in the Notes following) They also require mahogany planking and linen for hull repair.
(e) The same statements can be made Inhat were made concerning. boat. (Refer to) for the statements.) It would take several months. boats in the United States. Blue prints can be made with complete and exactif it is desired,. boat can be shipped to the United States. Negotiations are in progress to prooure the operational and. boats for tho Maritime. 3. The Mezzi d'Assalto groupach "Chariots" registered at the present time. These "Chariots" are listed by number and operational condition. These "Chariots" have beenby the writers.
(a) The following "Chariots" are in operational
-
CbaxlotBritish)
lb) The following "Chariot" is almost beyond repair
and would require considerable speoial material for
repair:
Chariot No. 1
(c) The Italian "Chariots" were manufactured InItaly. No equipment or ports for theof new Italian "Chariots" i3 available in Allied occupied Italy. Two of the "Chariots" now used by the Mezzi d'Assalto group were manufactured by the British in England. The British haveotherome of whioh were usedoint British-Italian operation at La Spezia, Italy.
It would take several months to manufacture models of the "Chariot" in the United States. Blue prints of the "Chariot" can be made if complete information is desired. Negotiations are in progress to procureperational "Chariots" for the Maritime.
NOTE: r "New Chariot" cannot bebecause plans have just been completed. No experimental or test model has been produced because the Italian Navy does not have the neoessary material
-
toample model.
(a) The Mezzi d'Assalto groupimited supply of all types of Gamma equipment mentioned in this report. The Gamina Officer states that the group has enough equipment to completelyamma operatorsission. He further states that the group has enough limpet mines for one operation. Samples of most of the items described under Gamma equipment in this report are available in theSection of the Navy Department, Washington,
D.C.
{b} It is believed by the writers that the following Italian Gamma equipment has no outstandingor disadvantages of efficiency or design over American underwater equipment: Tho underwater swim suit The underwater breathing apparatus The foot fins The underwater compass Tho protective eye pieoe.
(o) Itelieved by the writers that the following Italian Gamma equipment is superior or essential: The limpet, Mae West type The silent pneumatic cable cutter
The llatarreeJWno
The camouflage head net The limpeteers vest.
The limpet,est type, has been adoptod by the Italian Gamma Men in preference to tho magnetic type limpet mine due to its greater efficiency. The limpet mine, Mae West type, can be used against oonorete or wooden targets. It is believed. has no limpet mine which is adaptable for use against concrete or wooden targets.
Tho silent pneumatic cable cutter is believed to be the only silent cable cutter that has been developed. It is known. has triedmuch success toilent oable cutter for the use of American underwater swimmers.
The writers believe the Matarrassino oould be employed. in the following manner:
assist and inorease the range of
enable men from canoes or other surfaceland through heavy surf,mallequipment.
o. To. teams tomall float for fording rivers and other water obstacles.
d. Tomall float for water reconnaissance or for any type of clandestine operation.
The camouflage head'net is believed toighly satisfactory device for enabling answimmer to come to the surface without being conspicuously noticed.
The llmpeteer's vest is believed to be bothand comfortable In design. Itimple means for the underwater 3wicuaer to carry limpet mines. It also increases the number of limpets that can be carriedwirmer.
5. Pfli3Cir..TEL
It is believed by the writers that personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto group coulddreatby the Maritime Unit of the Southeast Asia Command. These men are highly trained experts in the use of the special equipment reported herein.
The amount of personnel whioh would be of value. is dependent upon the political agreement which can be reached with the Italian Government. It is believed that if the personnel procured can be used as operators, the number prooured should inolude at least the basic group recommended by Captain Forza. If the political agreement mado with the Italian Government will only allow the men prooured to act as instructors, it is believed that one or two instructors for each type of weapon plus an equipment maintenance group would suffice.
-
The type of personnel which would he of value. is partially dependent upon the typo of equipment that can be prooured from sources other than the Mezzi d'Assalto group. If "Chariots" ore procurable from the British, it would be advisable toarger number of chariot operators.
The entire personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto group ere willing and anxious to go. in the employment. These men are willing to go. as either instructional or operational personnel. It is believed by the writers that these men would have to be given some status in the Amerioan Army or Havy if authorized to duty in
%f
. as operational personnel. Thisis due to the fact that Italy is not at war with Japan and cannot permit members of the Italian armed forces to actively engage in hostilities against Japan while in Italian uniform. V.
The following recommendations are formed from the foregoing conclusions. It is recommended.
. oo^uire all the MTSU's.
. acquireach special torpedoesy the MTSK's.
All motors from the KTSM's be removed for use in the KTM's.
Motors of American manufacture be installed in all.
. acquire all the MTK'S.
SM motors be installed in the MTM's requiring new motors.
Proper materials (such as mahogany wood, linen and proper accessories) be made available for repairing the damaged hulls of KTK's.
The Maritime Unit and Research and Development, Technical Branch, in Washington, investigate the possibility ofsome American boats for use as explosive motor boats in the future.
CHARIOT
ach oomplete usable "Chariots"from the Kezzi d'Assalto Group.
Inquiries be made to ascertain if the British Royal Navy has anyigvailable.
Inquiries be made to ascertain if the British Royal Navy has the manufacturing facilities to produce some "Chariots."
.ach complete usable "Chariots". from the British Royal Navy.
"KANGAROO"
ach "Kangaroo".
-
. acquire all available Italian Gamma equipment.
rocure the manufacture in the United States of the Mae test or pneumatic type limpet for use.
, procure the manufacture in the United States of the silent pneumatic cable and net outter for use. (This piece of equipment should have "top priority.")
The head net for camouflage purposes be made standard equipment with the Maritime Unit underwater swimmers.
The limpeteers canvas vest be made standard equipment with the Maritime Unit underwater swimmers.
rocure the manufacture of the Matarrassino in the United States for use.
Inquiries be made to ascertain if the British Navy has any models of the Matarrassino available.
. conduct limited tests to determine the efficiency of the Italian underwater compass in comparison to the American design.
PERSONNEL
following amounts of qualified personnel. if the agreement made with the Italianwill only permit personnel to act in an
-
2 eaohspecialists
each "Chariot" specialistach specialists would be necessary if British "Chariots" are available)
each Gamma specialists
each underwater technician if no British "Chariots" are available. ach such technicians would be required if British "Chariots" are available.)
eaoh surface technicians
following amount of qualified personnel be sentif the politicalth the Italianpermits Italian personnel to participate ineachoperators
2 each "Ctariot" operators (if no British "Chariots" ere available)
5 each "Chariot" operators (if British "Chariots" oon be made available)
aoh Gamma men
underwater technician (if no British "Chariots" are available)
4 each underwater teohniolans (if British "Chariots" oan be made available)
surface technicians
1 each experienced operations officer.
political ^ctioj;
Contact the Italian Ministry of Marines toif:
(a) the entire Lezzi d'Assalto group can be proourod for instructional duties.
MTSK--KTM
1. It is believed highly desirableach KTSM boats andach MTM boats be procured immediately by the Office of Strategic Services from the Mezzi d'Assalto Group. These boats could be used for operational and training duty in Southeast
Asia.
boats will require certain repairs whichdiscussed and enumerated in the Conclusions of thisis the opinion of the writers that these repairs would take
a considerable period of time if the necessary motor parts had to be manufactured in the United States. Therefore, it isthat all motors presently used in the KTSM boats beand Installed in the MTM boats. The Chief Engineer of the Mezzi d'Assalto group has stated that by installing all MTSM motors in MTM boats he would be able to putach MTM boats in good operational condition. Ke further stated that he would be able to have available atpare engines for future use in the MTM boats. He estimated that his men could complete this workays.
is believed highly desirable to replacemotors with American marine engines. This will beif the engines now in the KTSM boats are removed forthe MTM's. The exact make of American engine which vjould
bo suitable for use in the MTSM's oan not bo stated at this tlmo. Lieutenant Zelenka, of Research and Development, is of thethat several typos ofoorsepower inboard engines would be satisfactory.
The writers consider it highly advisable to makematerials for repairing the hulls of the MTM boats which require such repairs. These repairs do not require theof any new parts or the procuring of any priority materials. The Chief Engineer of the Kezzi d1 Assalto group has stated that with the proper materials his men oould complete the necessary hull repair workays.
It is believed advisable that the work of transferring engines from MTSM boats to MTM boats be done by Mezzi d'Assalto personnel at San Vito Bay. It is also suggested that the hull repair work be done at San Vito. The work of installing American engines in the MTSM boats should be done by American personnel. This work could be done either in Italy or in Southeast Asia. The Mezzi d'Assalto group has the facilities and is ready to begin repair work after the MTSM and MTM boats are prooured by the Office of Strategic Services from the Italian Government
and after hull repair materials are furnished.
is believed advisable that Researchn conjunction with theeirective to develop anmotor boat. These boats will be necessary if the
7. It is considered highly desirableach "Chariots" be procured immediately by the Office of Strategic Services from tho Mezzi d'Assalto Group for operational and training duty.
6. Chariots" would not be an adequate number for any very extensive "Chariot" operations. It is thereforeadvisable. to prooure atach"Chariots" from the British. Inasmuch as theChariots" wnioh are presently used by the Mezzi d'Assalto group, it is known that the British eitherupply of "Chariots" on hand or have the facilities for their further manufacture.
the event that additional British madenot be procured through reverse lend-lease. It is. procure the manufacture of additionalthe United States. It is onticipated that suchrequire tooeriod of time to be worthwhile.
GAt^'A EQUIPMENT
is the opinion of the writers thathould ascertain if the Americanswimmers of the Maritime Unit could use the followingequipment:
silent pneumatio cable and net outter
"limpet,est type linpetoer's vest camouflage heed net Matarrassino
The writers believet the present time, has ilent pneumatic cable and net cutter nor any comparable item qulpment. This addition to the equipment of American under-tr swimmers would greatly Increase their efficiency. It is opinion of the writers that the Maritime Unit, Washington,hould procure the manufacture In the United States of the itit pneumatio net and cable cutter. Lieut. Zelenka of Research Development believes that the Italian oable and net cutter Ld be Improved by constructing the two canisters of aluminum some lighter alloy. In the event. prooures opera-nal Gamma personnel from the Mezzi d'Assalto Group, several silent pneumatic cable cutters would be needed by this Group. The pneumatic orst limpet is particularly desireble use. because it can be used to attackooden targets. It is the belief of the writers that the :itlme. has no comparable limpet at present. It suitable for attacking concrete and wooden targets suchound among river and coastwise traffio. It is mpletely silent in operation. The writers suggest that some orican type limpet might easily be adapted to use the Mae Tfest mpet principle of suction. It is believed that the Maritime
Unit in cooperation with the Researoh and Development Branch should either find an American limpet which la completely silent in operation and adaptable for use against concreteden targets, or should procure the manufacture of the Mae West type limpet which is silent and has already been operationallyagainst concrete and wooden targets.
In the event that operational Gamma personnel are procured. from the Mezzi d'Assaltoupply of Mae Y'est type limpets would be required.
It is suggested that the Maritime Unit,, ascertain if the American underwater swimmers might not benefit by adopting the limpeteers vest. This vest has the advantage of permitting an operator to comfortably carryimpets and still have his feet, legs, hands and arms free. It isthat an ordinary large size vest could be fitted with loops for attaching limpets and other gear. The Gamma unit of the Mezzi d'Assalto Group has an adequate supply of limpeteers vests for their own use.
It is suggested that the Maritime Unit,, ascertain if American underwater swimmers would benefit by adoption of the camouflage head net. This net has the advantage ofwimmer to come to the surface without being conspicuous. With the net inwimmer with his head partially above the surface of the water looks like floating debris or seaweed. Several types of camouflage netting already
already available in tbe United States would make satisfactory bead netting for underwater swimmers. Lieut. Zelenks believes the head net might be improved and made lighter in weight if it was made of nylon. He does notpecially manufactured head net if some available camouflage netting is suitable.
It is suggested that the Maritime Unit,, asoertain if the American underwater swimmers might not benefit from the adoption of the Matarrassino as standard equipment. The Matarrassino has greatly increased the range of the Italian Gamma men. It has alsomall float which can be used to carry additional Gamma equipment. The writers believe that.. branches. might also be interested in adopting the Matarrassino. This float is light in weight, com-paot in size when deflated, and suitable for ferrying one man with equipment across an inland water hazzard. The writersthat the British have already manufactured copies of the Maturnasslno. It is suggested that the Maritimeupply of Matarrassino floats on reverse lend-lease. It is further suggested that the Maritime Unit discuss theuses of the Matarrassino with.. Branches. PB.SOKNEL
11. The amount of personnel. should procure from the Mezzi d'Assalto group is dependent upon the type of duty the Italian Government will authorize for this personnel. If
tha Italian Governarent will approve only instruotional duties Tor this personnel, the writerstaffnstructorsuld be adequate.
12. The writers believe that every effort should be made to obtain the permission of the Italian Government to use Mezzi d'Assalto personnel. for operational duties.*
Inasmuch as the Italian Government is not at war with Japan, Mezzi d'Assalto personnel could not perform operational duties as members of the Italian armed forces. It is believed. could give this personnel some special American status that would permit them to operote under the cover of the United States armed forces. The attitude of tbe Italian Government towarduggestion is not known by the writers.
*The speoial weapons reported herein require rather lengthy and
intensive training periods. The specific period of training
used by the Mezzi d'Assalto Group for each weapon is:
2onths; andonths.
These training periods presume that the trainee has certain
special qualifications prior to the beginning of his training.
i
For example: thetrainees are expected to beseamen, the "Chariot" operators are required to have some knowledge of submarine principles, and the Gamma trainees are required to be excellent swimmers. The writers believe that it would require longer training periods to teaoh natives.
- 7
to use this special equipment. The training of native Gamma operatorsossible exception. The personnel of the Mezzi d'Assalto Group is already highly trained in the use of the weapons ooverod in this report,arge number of them have had successful operational experience with these weapons. Tha men of the Mezzi d'Assalto group are eager to be procured. for operational duty against Japan. They are willing to be recruited for this duty under any agreement voloh isto the Italian Ministry of Marines.
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY OFHLOTILLA DURING THE PERIODUNE3
No. Date
i
Outcome
! Means. Ds.ed'-
0
1
*
**
v
.
*
oncomsnd sailors
Irldei sunk.Dead: the whole ere* except
0
.
oncomstv) aw-Mors
0
.
Officers
sunk. All aboard taken
0
1 1
1 Operator (TV BIRIN-DELLI)enters the port but because of mechanical failure Is forced to
attempts ateters from the
.
oncomsnd sailors
prisoners
No. Date
[Means Used erator3
1
a
cruiser (York; sunk, 3sunk.
small explo- ive boats transported by the torpedoCrlspi and Sella
oncomsnd sailors
operators taken prisoner.
1
Edda
s
Officers
1 Noncom
1
s
Officers
4 Noncomsnd .tanorg
1
explosive
. SS Diana
Officersoncomsnd sailors
ounded and
aptured
1
ships sunknside thet the entrance)
s
Officers
4 Noncomsnd sailors
safely
1
battleships sunk (Queen Elizabeth,anker
s
oncomsnd sailors
prisoners
Hay
1
Sea
ofrmed boats destroyed,risoners aken '
by
truck.
5 explosive
boats,rucks
Officers Ll Noncoms) and sailors
1 Non-com
Seriously (founded: ailor
No. Date
Used
2
s
oncomsnd sailors
.eriously wounded
2
boats sunk
Officer
3 Petty Officers
23
Tunisia
out on trucks and motor-fishing boats to attack Tunisian ports and defend the islandss
Officersoncomsnd sailors
killed Fishing boat Cefalo sunk ard later salvaged
23
as above)
oncoms
2
s
rd sailors
risoners
2
cruiserteamboats sunk
samma
Officersoncoms. and sailors
2
a and Gamma operators
Officers
2 Petty Officers
3
s and Gamma operators
Officers
1 Petty Officer
Wo. Date
Used
Losses
Mar.
3
by motor-fishing boats forofs!
9 Noncomsnd sailors
boat iogliolaersonsersonswhile changing boats in Sardeni& asa result of the sinking of the joat Tripoli
3
boats sunk
s
oncomsnd sailors
May
3
Calabria
Campania
a
2 Noncomsnd sailors
ounded by nachlne gunning
3
XXX
Merchant ships sunk
5
boats sunk
a
Officers
3 Noncoms)
3
of Spezia
Sub sunk
.
Officers
StAtM .
6"
IHOTOC-IiAi'K Lir-BSS 1
Thisop front full view of the ITTSM boat. Tha hatches have beenfor illustrative purposes. The forward hatch provides access toull ead servestorage place for lioe and tackle, tbe radio antenna is aft or the forward hatch. In operation, the heads eat) shoulders of the two pilots would protrude froa tbe hatches of the duel cockpit, which Is located aft of the anieaaa. The torpedo tube, with hatch re-coved. Is aft of the duel cockpit. The engine cosportaent hatches are the raised hatches on either sldo of the torpedo tube.
KXHaR 2
This photo&rapu shows the dual cockpit of the UmiC. The wind bronkurj, at the lert of the photograph are toward the bow. The duelsteering tearisible inside the cabin. The cabin hatches reoaln open when this boat is Id operation and thend shoulders of the operators protrude above tie notches. The operators stand In ordert better visibility.
This photograph wes taken free, the cabin looking aft. The torpedo tube, tlth hatch rcnoved, extendseat aft of the cabin to trie stern. In thert ofhotocreph are the cockpit hatches, hinged back onto the deck. The hatchet ot: either side of the forward end of the torpedo tube cover two of the throe taso-line tenko. The raised hatches cover the no'.or co'pert.'nerits.
This photocraph shows the stern of the One exhaust transoai is located Just oelo* deck level bots at port and starboard, the jropelleri ere in the full/ retracted position. Tha torpedo tube release eoor is closed. Rfdvv toie* of the KEX,projellsrc fully extended and torpedo tube reld.se door open.
This photograph shows the KTtI beioe hoisted out of the water. The pilot's cockpit is located at the after end. The propeller hat been reised to an almost horizontal position. The pilot's etcape reft is in carrying position aft of the pilot'sote the hand trips Just below the deck level. These grips ere used to pull this boat over obstructions that rise above the surface of the water. Referhich shows the pilot's escape raft partially hinged out. Note the size ol the craft In comparison with the pilot.
i'HOTOGRi'iPH KXIBSc* 9
This photograph Illustrates the pilot's
escape raft portlelly hinged out from the
art:. After the pilot "freezes" the controls
a collision course toward the target,
het.ils reft. Chen the raft
is in the >ater, heo it and pulls
hiiself out of the sea before the coin charpe
detonates. Hefer to photocraph (timber 8
lo see the escape raft in carrylo* position.
FHOTOfccrtPH MUKDSH 10
Thlo photograph Illustrates thecben-ism. Tho dock of the KVJ is unca-Tibered at tbe bow to penult the Simper Frame to lie fl.it on the deck. This fravie protrudes around the cunwhales. The ?usper Switch Is located at the point of dlsection on the after slQv of the Dumper 7re*e. The Anti-boon Lever is In tho stowed position. Refer to rhotorraph numberf this lever Id tha anti-boom position. The aaln bursting chargeounds is mounted in the hatch oft of the Bumper Frane.
TLiS photograph ill;;iLr.iles the Anti-boon Lever inposition. This lever extends approximatelynchus below the surface of the water and is hookes outward at the lower end. liefer touxberiev of this lever in the stoned position.
This photograph shovs the pilot's cockpit. The pilot's escape raft is in the ca.-rying position on the aiter side of the cockpit. The cowl inf. on the forward sice ofompass housine- The propeller and propeller shaft ere almost in the fully retracted position.
PHOTOGRAPH NUIIBSS 14
This photograph illustrates the sternpilot's escape raft has been
removed froia the after side of the cockpit. Located on the port side Just below deck level is the exhaust transom. The cockpit extends several inches eft of the stern. The propeller and propeller shaft are in tho fully retracted position. Refer tonumberiew of the propeller and propeller shaft in the fully extended position. Refer toumbereteil view of the pilot's cockpit.
PHOTOGRAPH NUMBSH 15
This photograph illustrates the propeller ana propeller shuft in the fully extended position. The propeller may be used in sny intermediate position between the fully extended and fully retracted positions. Referotograph Numberlev of the propeller andshaft In the fully retracted positloa. Refer to Photograph RUaberotell vie* of the pilot's cockpit.
PHCTOCAAPH HtWBSh 16
This photograph illustrates the interior of the pilot's cockpit. The steering wheel is cut avay at the top. .Above the steering wheel is the Instrument panel. Above the instrument panel isertical card aircraft conpasa. The throttle is located to the right of the steering wheel. The "cockingdetonation choice" switch, and the propeller retracting lever are to the left of the steering wheel. Refer to Photographs Numberndor other views of tho pilot's cock)it.
rilOTOCSAl'HR 20
This photograph illustrates the warhead of the -Chariot-. This warheadou'-ds of explosive and la detachable. The line of detachment can be seen at the far left. Tha steel rod at the topside of the Karheiid is for eltachtaynt of suspension cables which hold the warhead under the Keel of the target ship. The circular cavity on the starboard side of the warhead is for the insertionime delay
HECTOGRAPH 7IU13ER 21
otocreph illustrates the toll mech-anisa, the tall assembly and the efter aide of the aft superstructure. The vertical section of the tall mechanism is the rudder. The horizontal section is the elevator. The propeller is located within the cylindrical plinth. This plinth protects the propeller and reinforces the tall icechanisa. The
rutider and elevator control cables lead to
trie forward operator's cocKplt.
3
This photograph illustrates the forward pilot's cockpit and tha topside of the aidshlps superstructure. Note the Intakecutlet opening on the top of thesuperBtruoture. This openingart of the inaoersion chamber which is located Inside tho midships superstructure. The forward aide of this superstructure servesack rest for the forward pilot.
This photoeraph llluotrntes tha midships superstructure. Tho aft operator alts Id the spaceen the midships end aft superstructures. The le*er which operates the lnoersion chamber Is Located at the bese of this superstructure. en the after side of this superstructure fits onto the bilge keel of the tirgot ship. (Two clorips aro necessary, one for each bllfe keel). The spool of lino is used to suspend the detachable warheadhe tar(et snip. One end of line is attached toeel clamp. The other ana of the line iso the steel rod on the topside ofriwid.
These photographs illustrate the rubberized linen outer garment worn by the "Chariot" operator. The two inner garments msde of light weight Indie rubber can not be seen in thest, photographs. An underwaterunit lies at the feet of each operator. Photographs Numberndhow front views of tha outer garment and Photograph Numberack view. The model InNumberears the underwater shoes, while the model in Photographs Numberndoes not wear the underwater shoes.
0
This photograph shows two "Chariot" operators in the water with the "Chariot." The Tor-Kara operator is in position to submerge and the aft operator is about to take his place be-.ind the forward operator. Both men wear the underwater breething apparatus and special clothing used by the Italian "Chariot" The breathing beg of the underwater breathing unit cun be seen strapped high on the chest of the seated operator.
PKOTOCHAIK HUMBSt 33
These photographs show the front and back Tien of the underwater swimmers suit which is used by Italian gai&na operators. This suit Is mado In throe plecus. It is constructed of waterproof, lightweight India rubber. The three pieces of this suit ore the trousers, the top piece and the cuaberbund. The trousers extend up to the armpits. The top piece extends half veythe crotch and the knees. The cumberbund is worn nrourd the waist. This operator is also wearing American type foot fins. Ths underwater swim suit is worn over long woolen underwear.
PHOTOGRAPHR 36
MUKBm 37
These photographsront and back viewacaa operator with full equipment. In addition to the underwater swim suit, foot fins and the llmpeteer's vest, this modelaring an Italian type gamma breathing, apparatus. The canvas breathing bag Is strapped high on hie chest. The oxygen bottle ia strapped uifier the breathing bag. The rubber connecting tube extends from the top of theag ond theece is lo the operators mouth. The operator wears annose clip. He iseflated,type, limpet att hip. On his right wrist the operator wears an underwater compass. Thisars the protective eye piece pushed bacK onto his forehead. amouflage head net covers this operators head and shoulders.
Thienotocrajjh of aoverel items of gawna equipment. From left to right these items are: Italian type foot fins; ehead net; an undarw.itorrotective eye piece; aor Mae-Xest type limpet; American type foot fins; an underwater breathing apparatus, Italian type;lapeteer'a vest. The Aeerican type foot fins (marked have been adopted by the Italians.
PHOTOGRAPH9
Thiseflated Use-Vest typsit. The delay mechanism fits into the cylindrical indentation in tne explosive container. The disassembled delay mechanism is to the right of the limpet. The vial above the disassembled delay mechanism is thesir viel. This vial is seeled inside the deflated ubenflated the tube when the vial is broken. Below tho disassembledechanism is theconpsss. An optlcsl prism con bo seen ot tne left of the compass dial. Tlila ;risc nenaiti Italian gamma men to reed the compass rhile awln the back.
^HOTOCStArH40
This photograph shows tho Italian magnetic type liopet. Tho explosive container is thetlon. The magnets are on either side of the explosive container. The Italian gamma men hove discarded this type limpet in favor ofest type limpet.
PHOTOGRAPH WKBffl 41
This photograph shows the Matarrassino. This one nan float is made of rubberized csnvss. The raised section at the bow is the chin rest. On the starboard side of the chin restuilt in bellows. Theterras si no is used by theavy to increjue the range of ganaa operators.
PMOTOCKAi'JT KtZBSH 43
Tnis photograph illustrates the silentcable and net cutter, "he large ellipsoid canister contains the oxygen and the snail ellipsoid canister containsfluid oil. Tbe rubber boss that leacs from the oil canister Is secured to the cylindrical unit which holds end cuts the cable.
This photograph shows thoTV. Operators group which has been recoiaifieniled by Captain Forza for duty. These men are, froir. left to right:
T. V. Luifii Fezzioni^ecc.oppisNocch. iietro CastelliU. K. Coffreco Cerolini T. V. Correao Degual
The officer at the far left operated theoat which sunk the heavy. York at Sixla Say. All ofen havo had operational experience.
c.
This pnoCo^rnph snows tho "Chariot" operators ftho hive beenby Captain Korea lor Kuploy-tnt. Thesefron lert to right, arc:
. .'.rce<ns lei. -psrtaooTen.orzioi.C. ,al. Carlo
The officer ai the far loft ojeratecuhich. 6un<lizabeth at Alexandria. 1l .
Thishotoiroph of Ton. Vase.e LaChariot" operator who la included la the group recozcaaded by Captainor employment. Thia officer operated tho "Chariot" which sunk the'.S. Valiant at Alex-or.drla. He also participated in the Joint British-Italian "Chariot" ojeration at La fcperia, Italy.
lawlM
i-
photograph shows the surface equipment technicians whon recommended by Captain Forza for employment. These men are, from left to right:
C-l'Cl. Hoc;eo Venturoli Corp. Antonio CarattinoLuigi. Giovanni -tontiTorp. itfoordo Andolfi
0
Thisshova thes .ive been reco :nenced by :' -i'orza fop employment.en, from left to ri. at, are:
Ontanari
raldocfaaetuno ^attnell*gidio na. -lvino Biancl
The officer in theis the chiefcfd'/tBtalto group.
Original document.
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