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German Textile Processing and Equipment,
THEATER SERVICE FORCES EUROPEAN THEATER25
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APPROVID (OR HULaSl8
LIMITED
HEADQUARTERS
THEATER SERVICE FORCES, EUROPEAN THEATER OFFICE OF THE CHIEF QUARTERMASTER
TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE REPORTS
Reported by
GEHMAK TEXTILE PHOCESSINO AMD EQUIPMENT
S S. BICtUHDSOH QUC Consultant
CD
rN3 co
QCALIT? tnSPECTKD s
CO
INTELLIGENCE BRANCH
PROCUREMENT DIVISION
Table .of Contents. Subject Object:
Plants ViBitefl onfl Personnel
Tntprviewefi
General
^rocesies 1'rior to Dyeing
Cotton Dyeing
Hayon Dyeing
Drying
Printing
Print Colors
Aging enfl steaming
Trint Caching
Finishing
xteoosmendatlonn
Patents
5
SobJ^et: Geraan Textile Procesning
To investigate the textile dying;
printing, and finishing indoetry and obtain inforrtition concerningmaterials and aquipBent.
PI gatj _Viwd_Papgormal_Intervi
WQrtembergisohe Cattunmarrafaetw In Heldenhela.
*r. Onrt Roheffler -nilhelm
Mr.Colorist
(superintendent)
Neue Augsbnrger Kattnnfabrlk in Angsfcurg.
Pritxirector Doe. Hans- DirectorFranx irector
Heinrloh Hablg inuhr.
Dr.Director
Mr. LeoDirector
Blelohepei Uhlngen AO. in Ohingen.
Dr. Pritx Blexinger irector
aem in Wuppertal.
Mr.Direotor
Dr.Chexdst
* Verseidage in Crefeld.
Mr. TlesoB
Dr. Zoiatogel
General! The plants visited and personnel in-terviewedood cross section of the textile finishing industry In Germany, with the emphasis on printing
plants. The review of processes and eialpcent will be In the normalof cloth goingill.
At the present time lt haspossible to visitulpr;ent, as*
ew others. *'hile lt ia doubtful if they have prodaoad any new equipment daring tha past few years they well could have had some newas far aa the blue print stage.
Nothing new was noted nor new
developments planned In the handling
of cotton. The fabric was singed on
regular gas or gas heated hot plate
singers, Impregnated "ith an enzyme
and allowed to stand in bins before
going to the kelrs. Some of the
steeping bins were lined withbrick. Keirn uiefl ore ntandard
th center pipe. Tome mllle still
employ the double
regaining in the kelr betweennd
ours. Occasional use ia made of
the horizontal kelr, due to the fact
that the keir con be kepi in operation continuously. Tha goods being loaded on trucks which are preparedet of loaded truoka are in the kelr. Thisboiling *ss only used for goods to be printed on white grounds, as It had been found that oloth boiled off in this manner war: not suitable for dyeing solid shades, especially vats. The majority of the bleaching is done withsome yarn dyed fabrics were peroxide bleached but the use of peroxide does not seen to have been large, much of the equipment In the bleach houses Is *ld and does not show any attempt to modernize. Only one plant wisilar eysten end It was of their own construction and design. Others were storing in bins afterwith chemlc. Some were
BI IE LEASE lAILUCIMt
using sulphuric sold, others sodium bisulphite as an anti-chlor. "Vashers were rtandard type rope, either fully vertical or seni horizontal. One Interesting set up had the washers settream which flowed under theand assured anh. Mercerising is done entirely onlttau chalnleos machines. None of the mills visited had cereerizing frames end reportedly, mercerizing on franee has been completely abandoned in Germany. Prying was done on dry oans or dry box enclosed clip or pin frames.
Payon has been conslered otton substitute and much of theof it has been done with this thought in mind, "one of It was actually keir boiled and all mills give practically every yard they run a chlorine bleach. Most opuns oontaln starch else vhich requires an enzyme treatment, so all spuno are soypical rayon net up In one of the Taills is herewith described. The equipment sac quitell of wood end all of their own design and construction. In principle, thehe .in other mills. Crepes (all rayon) and Renberg triple sheer3 called *Lavable" arereatmenteak oaustlo solution,e,rum ort full width and allowed to remain full widthelt which Is travelling through the caustic solution.
?he cloth then la roped and federies of machines recsenbline small Rodney Hunt snshert except that they are narrower at the cotton than at the top. They vere separated Into compartments end the strands passed through porcelain pot eyes rather than barsaJre. The procedure bywas water rash, ohlorlne bleach, anti ohlor,oaclngs, end rinse. The bleach was controlled cs to active chlorine content. Thia range operatespeed of abouteters per minute.
All ereres are embossed before boil off usuallyattern sinilar to the
"Tree baric" one.
In tho ome of spun rayon, the? are first given an ensy-u mall rone washer them riled lateralyotOTlne slatteden gave the goods about oneth tho onreysje in it, and processed the ea-ie as the crepes.
The only reason ^iven for blesv- nhing that theyetter white, bothound in rrinting or when they had aeffect. Examples of their work which 'rare exmlned, did not bear thie out. Zn fact the whiteness of the groundorint received considerable attention ando iatrove it "as oarried out. Farban. They found that -rhite grounds could be considerablylourescent white material to the fabric in the finishing operation .
It en-nenre that the idea ofravon originally arose fron the fact that ltconsidered as afor cotton and not for silk and theirwas guided accordingly. There was no evidence that the cloth from the Feavers was so flirty as to require universal bleaching. About one year before the end of the war all bleaching of rayons wanby government order, in an atteapt to lengthen the life of the fabrios.
Ho saponification of nixed viscose nnfl acetate fabrioe wasand all persons aired said It had been tried but was not successful. They did not thir* ltood thing to do end had had no noon trouble fith lt thnt they refuoed to handle any fabrio in this nonner.
This Is very largely vat dyeing.. Tar-ben haveood Job of selling ever*one on the desir&blity of having fabrics, which were "Indanthre-neK dyed. There Is thereforelS[
f
deal of yardage doneolors,cn is directadded
on. The "Tndieonol* "flyes ar6used for tho production of light shades. Naphtols, Rapidogens, 2nd the Fast Color Stilts are much urred and some Sulphur andolors are era-ployed.
# _
A few militaryreth Sulphur colors, particularly fabrics that were used to make knapracks.
All vat dyeing done entirelyJig or by the pad-Jig method, rk has boen done tosuch methods. If there has, itget es far a- the mills doins
Automatic Jigs ore extensively, eavip-ped with differential drive macbanisas. They are automatic in that they reverse them selves end can be set to stop afteriven number of ends.ew of them are the product of Sennlnger in Switzerland.
Many are equippedhird beam roll whioh is suspended between the two regular ones andigher level. Both enfls of this roll are gearedachet and lt may be crankedx>sition so that It excertn Its weight on the cloth as the end is being run and the roll builSs up. in.thisachanicnl squeezing action takes place and helps penetration of the dye llnuor Into thet is aliohelpfull when fabrics,are being runigjthat have selvages that tend to pile
.ttp.
Pads are old style and nothing approaching the Wioro set or hydraulic controlod machines has been seen. Bolls, are email and entirely hand set. The preference is toard rubber bottomoft rubber top roll.
plant Isontinuous dyeing range, used mainly for applying Indigosols. standard machines consistad, and-idthwashing range, with rollers suspended over the first few boxes for aireating. the goods.
io
two boiws In tte rang* sre
iif of wood,od, -lei! iiLr.'. Tbe belsrce of the boxes are made of Tte ui- roll* between boxes are lndiTid-inUy Dotor arisen withccrtrola. of '- typ* are vary veil built.
Sods Dills hews enclosed their Jlge by building windowed case* around
thea. Tbe; elalced better result* ands*en shades were obtsined teas whan
they wer* operating without enclosure*.
finvyn Dyelnpi fuel rayon Is wet dysd and Is done In
Us sabs asnr.er ootton. Rayon erspss and other fsbrics are dyed la theor reel. Most of th* dys reels are snail, they co lot dye over tea or twelve places at thr most, par awebine. en foot dy* reel Is tbe Itxgest obserred. Msny ar* all rood but sobs are proceleln lined Jobs. Including parcelsln topped slsts on the reels. These ore unsatisfactory aetnly because tb* poreel*In bseooes rough Infor:nd ehefes tbs oloth. Some slantsew stainlessinedalcb rare considered tbe best. Ho self susteinedchines were seen. Inclosed types sr* used b> sow of tb* Bills. These are of ttslr own construction and rang* frori elaborate affair* with glut doors to crude corere or hoods suspended orar tbe awcblnes.
* Dew form of box ma developed by one printing rill, which bad four of tfiwn in
Eno Kat w
The box was consti-coted Ofonel liningrough ir. the center ana running the length of the box. This trough waserferated sheet of nonel "fid oontanefi the stear' line and 'rater line. The front sectionaided up end aide afi shallow as possible andwas rlaced tt the front of the box. "he de-th of the box, fro* front to buck, was foreshortened by the width of the
color section. Color andvere
placedarge funnel connected to the steart line ond -tean injected. The bozes they had built0 liters as connared0 litersonventional box of the sane size end cloth capacity. The saving In ateao and Materials is obvious. The equipsient was in operation and arpeared to be very rrsctical.
Continuous or endlesshe reel had been triedew plants but was not considered practical end was abandoned. Ho dye"ere seen thatento operate In this isnripp. One plant had ^etontinuousnci developing range for black and navy shades. They were, however, doing the dyeing In single strands in separateShaviir* to sew the pieces together before going through the continuous range. This riant was considered one of theaodern in Geraani' and the nachine raa consideredtep in the oontinuoua handling of cloth. This particular Billye reels allieh wereth therno-.tr.te to oontrol the teaperature.d txcerinent* withe* types before finding one which was suitable.
"xtraotion of water fro* the cloth after dyeing Is being done bv the three conventional Methods, oentrifioally.by squeezing, or by vacuumome of the vacuum punpsacuum hydraullcly rcther than mechanically.
e the universal problem of ventilation. Attempts to handle ituch the sane here as in the states. Wither enclooc the Baching
rVFIWll7
end reduce the heat and ciolsture content of the atmosphere or exhaust the moist hot eir fron the roon. -Mothing new or unusual was observed along either line.
Cotton Is either can dried or frame dried on dry box enclosed frames. Rayon is mainly dried on dry boxframes. There Is an Important and Interesting point however Into the frame drying of both cotton and rayons and that is that extensive use is made of the pin frame. The most modern type of long frame In this oomntryombination clip and pin frame, equi'automatic overfeeds for the pins, eleotrlcal gnlders and width regulators. Ho weft straigtners were observed. The following sketch shows the arrangement of clip and pins
flash plates at the entering end are used when running with the clips and are restoved when using the pins. The latest pleoe of equipment of this type Is built by Kranz of Aches.
The procedure for drying Is to run cottons on the pins when shrinkage oontrol Is desired. Tn fact the use of pin frames for cotton has beenused to approach the results obtained by Sanforizing. Results are not as good asabric has beenauiforlzed. All rayon orepes aad sheers are pin frame dried at all" times, unless they are dried In loop
apparently the universal Opinion that final drying efter finI;Mng should be on rinysn rubrics tre handled in dirr-.itnt weye depending on the idwascge in rharpe. They are not dried on con? at any time nor in rny Rill, unlesiew booster cans in frontong' frare range.
The subject ofayonseen givenhis country and agreement hasreached by all concerned thatot be subjected to high temp err. teres. By high tenperatures they mean, notingCentrigrade or 2y> FahrenhMw The reasonlne behind this lnslstsnoe cr lowdrying is that theemperrtures damage the synthetic fibers and detract frost their wearabtlity. Therefore rmoh of their drying equlrner't is large, frames run HCi length t, are considered still tooo Eivc operating speeds desired, snl drying chambers behinde all largp. One alllry bo* am&Oftfr* frame -htch did attain hl-hly operating speed but the fraae was TOO *oet lonf>-It is of course not the high hnat itself, which the- areDoct but rather the effect of It onry goods. High toTperctore plu*:operating speeds, whicht of moisture in the goods meet wi" their approval. But they say how do you control suoh an operation, ajiy slow down will overdry and damage tho fiber. Also they feel it is unwisebatch up on rolls afterrying and retain the high heat In thenother argument advanced in favora low temperature drying,frfa the damaging factor, is that better pftrlf m; surfaces of the fabrics arc produce".
There is an Inconsistency in Mima* thinking and processing proceivrv.
they ohlorine bleachfabrics, which at bestricky business as far as retaining the full strength is concerned rmA tntiT) keep temperatures down in drying to preserve
strength. It seems possible that heat eoptrol may hive evolvedorT,>ction for bleaching defpots, at an early date when bleaching controlnot follyeakneso of fabrlo mayen referred to fiber manufacturers and the heat angle developed, further unqulry Into this matter should be made tovhat facts and figures have been croduoed
In regard to the effect of heat on the
various rayons.
loop type dryera In Germany are similar to those in the T'nited States, In general princiral end deitgn. Somehem are so constructed that they will deliver at the entering end.achinee of some advantagepace, or shape or building problem develops.
An excellent net drier tas observed in one mill. This machine had anmotor drive for each tier. The speed of the motors on successive nets was controledight roll hung between the tiers. *hen the cloth shrunk in drying and tightened up, itull on thp roller which automatically slowed down the motor of the next tier. Likewise If the cloth Is toothe roller win swing In the opposite direction and speed up the motor of the next tier.
Printing! The printing branch of the textile
industryonsiderable one. Prints are ponulor within the countryery large export trade ^ae carried on.
Pattern design and styling show lack oi* originality andonotonous simillarity is encountered throughout the industry anderiod of years In many of the patterns. Heavy coverage using small repeats with many colors has been in vogue.
Standard type print machines eremainly of German manufactureeir French machines In the older plants. Print blankets are longer than those used In the states. All mills were using back greya and while some knew of blanket washers they were of the opinion they were only suitable for heavylle painfully short of ootton and using back grey fabrlos of many mixed fibers, such am rayon and "flockenbast" (Bast fibers) there was no development of anytype of back grey washing arrangements, This may have been dne to the fact, that textile equipment manufactures were making war equipment of one kind or another amd the personnel with the 'know how" were otherwise engaged. This may account for the lack of developments in textile processing equipment of any kind, within thefew years. The fact that processing equipment was of low priority, is evident -and the latest delivery, encounterediece of equipment
All print maohlnes are equlped with dry boxes, none were seen with v cans. The boxes were preferred of whether thoy were runningr rayon. They are all very large, usually from floor toeet, andeet long orEveryone is of exactly the same atyle, in that the rollers are placed in the box so that there are two lines of rollsarge X. Thiaf dryer is well known and used In the United States, but It is by no means
universal equipment as it is here.
Numerous types of engravingrolls are employed andwitheparate report
In the handling of back greys at the print machine some mills batch up on rolls If the grey is to be used over again but plait down If the grey is to be washed. It la therefore possible for the greyto lay outbroken seams and damages and sew or remove bad sections. This savesante operation of Inspecting and repairing be greys prior to washing.
Wost mills use an enzyese In the back-grey washing process to be surm to remove all starches.
A description of several appliances for printing machines will be found In the patent section of this report.
^rlnt Colors:Practloally nil types are used,predominate. As many ofare at-ylication ones, bothas well ao cotton, full useof the possible conblnationsand Rapldogene, alsoSalts and Naphtols areSome printing with selectedAcid colors Is done on rayon.work is of course donevats. Pigment printing wasbut lapsed due to the war, the availability of the binding
materials. Most of thetdone. Prrben was with water soluble binders or water envulnions, such as urea and melamlne formaldehydes and poly vinyl acetates. The application of these plgaaat colors involved nothing now. Thestory of these itens Is beingby the Chemical Team.
Acetate fabrics have been printed with the usual acetate rangeew of the bsslo type. They howe also been printeda new line known asro- ducefl. Farben. These colors are nsde froa the baslo group bat have arach better lisht fastness and are extremely bright. They nay also be appliefl to rayon anfl acetatefabrics.
These colors are very importantilitary point of view In that the yellows anfl reds posensfluorescent properties. The fact that they can be appliefl to the fabrloater Bedlam would greatly simplify dyeing *nd panting of flourescent Items needed by Quartermaster, fllgnal Corp and Air Oorp.
Af the colors produced, application methods end fastnessfollows.
Astrazon Tellow 5Yellow 3Orange OrangePink Bed 6
Astrazon Blue G
These oolors are extremely bright, posess good fastness to light, very good fastness to water and washing. Prinnrily developed as print colore they may also be dyed. They are readily soluble, fast to sublimation anfl of high yield.
0 (Trams are dissolves water and
0 gran*y
short boiling. This solution is stirred Into
0 Senegal or crystal gum thickening. Immediately before printing
Celloxane is added to the cold printing color
olution
etal salt).
Thickening for Redactions;
700 gram* Senegal or crystal
gum " Hater
30 Glycine Celloiane
1 kilo
The above paste arplies to all the colors with the exoeption of the Astrason Pink FO. Then using this color the Celloxane most be omitted.
After printing and drying the prints are ateaaed for3 mlnatesottage steamer without pressure anfl with not tooteam. They are then eftertreated, without previous rinsing, for aboutinutesathrams Katanoler liter, rinsed wall and dried.
The ohemitjal composition and aanufaotnring prooeflure of these colors is being investigated by the Chemical Team.
APPROVED fOR1 ">
Lighto 8
Light Vater hashing Sea-Vater
Astrozon
Very
50
_
50
5
t;-
0
to
Goo.
-5
^ood
B -
z 5
PO
to
to
6B
to
Rood
4
- 5 -
to
B
Good
to
0
Oood
IIIIASI
9
The water soluble celluloses have been extensively used as print guas. Their use was, one of preference in some casea, and necessity in others, as natural gums and starches were scarce.
* *
Print formulas for vats and Indi-go.Tols using th* .soluble oelluloses appear in the report on Camouflage Fabrics.
Imdlgol Is the only padding compound used either before or after printing or both. Padding is donerint machine.
Equipment for preparing print pastes are of three varieties, the colloidal or rollerhe French Strainer, whioh forces the pastecreen by means of brushesacuum strainer. Thia last one is used in place of both the Prench Strainerstraining through cloth. The equipment oonslstsarge funnelroad baseoroen, through which the paste is drawn by meansacuum createdhamber under the screen,acuum pump. An improved roller mill isby the ooncem of FrnstTtter-lein. This consistsarge, water cooled, steel drum -hieh revolveslat straight bar. The chamber holding the paste is set over the drumevolving at high speed forces the paste between Itself and the flat straight bar. The distance between this flat bar and the drum is adjustable and very fine milling la possible. Tbe steel used for the face of the drum and the bar is of extreme hardness. To prevent theof lines in either bar or cylinder, the cylinder moves from side to side whileoller one meter long will mill betweenilos an hour.(Approximately ?no gal.)
JJ
Some plantsconsiderable yardage of allqolors-byvat and white resists under an 'Indlgosol ever pad. The pattern and the padding beinghe print machine in oije run" with the padding roller last. Hoods are dried, neutral agedinutes and wet de- weloped in theasher, with sulphuric acid. Only light colored grounds or paddings are done by thlc method, although some army camouflage fabrics of one hundred percentand in strong colors ware done in this Banner. Aging and Steaming:
Agere are, generally speaking, of the same type as used in the States with aoBe exoeptlons. One notable one being an agaroller arrange-Bent the same as Is employed In the
E
rint dryers. The rollersarge and the clothox, progressing froa the outside toward the center. The cloth enters the ager in the normal way at one end passes over the rolla to the oenter where It runsar or roll set5 angle and leaves the ager through an opening In. the aide. This type of ager iomsed for cottons as the long stretch between rolls on the lntlal time around would form oreases in suoh fabrlos as crepes. The feature of the machine is, that at no tlae, does the face of the clotholler. The disadvantage la that,arge voluae of cloth Is ahead of the ager two men are necessary for its operation.
Another type encounteredhird set of rolls midway between top and bottom and out of line with the top and bottom rolls. This was used for crepes, the purpose bein: to break the long stretch between top and bottom rolls and so avoid creasing.ouble drive on it, the first third of the rolls being driven by one motor, the secondthirds by another. Thereompensator' >r. sections which controlled the speed of
the motor driving the first 3eotion.r of the cane type was devlded Into three sections having t'-'O compensators. In this wayor elongation of the fabrics nre taken care of anfl they run smoothly.
of rolls showing position of extra set.
Agere constructed of iron frames and stainless steel sheeting are used for acid aging. The acida used are acetic rnrt fonictionert aceticarte formic.
Various attempts to keep the tpsinoraturey dampening the cloth have beenh atomisers anl have foun* some use. Ho'ever the best method developed forniform condition of the steamhas been the useooling to-er. This isetal "tower set up along side of the ager andwith the insoning steawtoospheres Is fed into the bottom of the to-er in which it is allowed to expand and Is then conducted into the ager through the water in the water well in the normal ray. Asdesigned and constructed the to*err.ter coil Inside of it butshowed this had little effect. The expansion of the etnam in theto-'erufficient to bring the temperatureo the resulred level. Two thermometers were attached to the to^er, end were hooked up inanner that when the temperature of the steam dropped toed light would ll*"htf and if Itlue one would light and if the temperature was between theseite light chowed.the operator was always aware of the temperature of the steam entering the ager and could adjust the flow of steam
- IB
from the main line into theexcellent aging claimed, to be maintainedarrangement. The capacity ofhaa to be calculated on theused dnd the slxe of the ager,thef steam through the agerbe taken into
A new idea forost interesting one will be found in the patent section of this report.
Star steamers are preferred to the cottage type. Vhile they do not hold an much, all types of colors may be steamed in them as they operate without pressure end very uniform, results are obtained. As there is no pressurethey are made of sheet metnl-uidow capital cont.c steamer has been wellande for many years in Furope.-
Print Washing:
Thle particular operation Is oarrled out mainly b? conventional methods and equipment.
Vatv Tndigosol, BaplAogen, Naphtol end other colors on cottonirst runull width washing machine, as described earlier in thle report, to effect development of the colors. Sub-aeiuent soapinghing may also be * done on this range or in some form of rooe washing equipment, depending on the nature of the cloth or available equipment.
are also ran on thle type
machine for development, but sore mills have shorter full width developing boxes In tandem with rope washing ranges. These rone washing set ups aro as varied an the number of mills using them. So-ie have boxes similar to phosphate units us*jd In the silk weighting procedure, otherseries of dyeor slop washers with squeeze rolls.
Ob* rope washing ualt encountered mi cf particular Interest. It of Um realithlarge rubber covered role In frost with two smaller rubber averse roll* pressing against lt, cms oa sitter side. These two sauease roll* aerais that tbe amouot of preaaure BCjtweFQ then and the large roll could be set. Ia fact they oould be set so ao s.aing aotloe sea eicertsd,pace loft between all three rolls. This would still give Bwchenicel action to the goods cs lt passed through the snail spacethe rollsi as shown La tbe sketch.
vai r Ofwff//
In aoet allls lt is cc; moi. practice to treat the prlatad fabrics with an SBsyae st soa* stegs in the sashingrstlons. For Instance, faeries whloh bsvs been run on the full width washing sjschins aa Ua first next of the washingre iaprsgnstad with tha sbitsjs la tb* last box of the we chine.Taej are thoa allowed to stsnd far same hours or over night before further washing. In this Bannerstaichss, ussd ia printing, are reaovod.
OdOly enough bud; plants were using rater soluble celluloses for all their prist pastas sad hsd not altered their making cathode, then this was pointed out, thexa wee no rwesonebls explanation offeradi but lt was tha coocsoaoua of opinion that lt was etill good prsctics to oontlnu* to use the ensymes. Some tuns they rould have starches again and It could be nscsssnry atap la weaning.
5P
WnJahimAti
devices for good" In the pore form ere tho srneod in the States, scutchers,ope twpen or by hand.
The flr-inr;cn5 etui-tent speciallyve already been discussed. Drying efter finishingmuch the saneme finishing of rayons is done on the quetch, dry box but most of it is done on the quetch, pinan-oloth wrapped 'u etches "ere noted but the great majority of then werewith rubber rolls.
Cottons are finished almost entli ly on the pad, frame range. No eeperate starch mongles with subsequent fraring, swing or straight, were noted. The plants inspected did not, however, do mnh of the type of finishing that mifyit requirerocedure. Cotton calanderires entirely conventional, with the usual differences in construction detail and form. Plain, rolling, chase and Sohrei-ner calanders,ew - I- ones are sed.
Many ootton fabrics are narped. Inery considerable yardage Is run in this manner. Pome types of oottoris that are not narped In the states, are here, and most mills have napping equipment.
The finishing equipment for rayons after framing la noticeably limited a3 many fabrics leave the frames as finished. The usual equipment is employed, the silk calander, decatixer and DUMP. The palmerimited use.
Pinishlng agents employedeatlne active materials, somefinishes and waterThe wnter repellentprobably the largest single Itemsin the finishing field.while some excellentdevelopment work hen been donererin field,hesenot beend byniLCASE
On the suioXe the entire Industry does not produce finishes whichreat deal of Imagination. Thereecided lack of awareness as to'what can be done to cloth,ih finishing, as to variations in hand and appearanoe.
The water repellent finishesalled feroistols will beby the Chemical team and
reported by them. The various resin
finishing aaterlala marketed under the trade name Fanrlts will beIn like manner.
Inspection and put up In tha Bills visited, ehowad nothing of exceptional or unusual Interest.
Pgcomaendatlona^
It Is recommended that the use of Astrazons for military fabrlos be immediately Investigated. Samples for laboratory work are being
Future investigators should make every effort to visit the aaohlneIn the Chemnitz area, also other machine builders should be covered and details of all types of equipment obtained. In thisomplete investigation of pin frames and combination pin and ollp framea as built by krans of Aachen would be well worth while. The use of pin frames for finishing in the United States should be considered.
effeot of heat on synthetio
fibers has been given considerable attention In Germany and teohnlcal Information from fiber manufacturers and schools or institutes, should be obtained.
>
Patents:
The; ore presented in that they contain meetan'calf particular interest.
,
9 Class Ba0 VTI/Sa December
To Helnrieh. at Herdecke,
Bohr. *
The famous full width washing machine consists of several compartments or reservoirs of wood, iron, etc.,in tandem. The cloth is run through the boxes with squeeze rolls between each unit. Because of lack of spaoe between units It is isro3-lble toexpanders to keep the cloth smooth and free of wrinkles.
Another disadvantage to the usualtype of washing machine is, that, while the squeeze rolls take out of thearge amount of the liquid froa the preceeding bath, whatever is left in the cloth is carried over to the suaeeedins bath..
This invention providespaoe ofmetere be left betw-enompartments or boxes. An overhead expander is Installed ao that the goods leaving the squeeze rolls pass lane-dlately over this expander. Following the expandereries of spray pipes, under whioh the cloth passes andhorough rinsing before entering the ' nextray Is provided beneath the spray pipes to cateh the wash water, also nooessary carrying rolla are Installed.
This extra rinsing completely frees the cloth of any earn- over from the preceeding bath and thus there is no contamination from one bath to the .next.
AP'BOVIDFOR BtLEASE UTL9
The accompanying drawing illustrates this device.
The clothis passed through the compartment I. then over thendnd under the spray pipes, 4.
The extra space required forlengthier maohine is offset by thewash,
Tt is therefore shown that by. this eimple additionull width washing machine better washings are possible.
Commenti
Tt ia apparent that this machine was particularly effective In"Indigosol" dyed fabrics by the nitrite process, as It is desirable to remove the sulphuric acid, which was applied in the first box, from the oloth, as quickly as possibleuild up of acid from the first box Into the second Is to be avoided. -
Tn other processing it Is possible that the arrangement might bedue to objectionable dilutions of succeeding boxes.
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Classroup llol
a
To Oustav Marie In Herdeoke, Ruhr.
Thi3 inventionype of mandrel bearing for textile print machine rollers. The braes bearing now in use has many disadvantages. Due to the pressure necessary the bearings heat up, this nay cause then to expand and the shaft will loosen up, thereby requiring constant resetting by the operator. Too much pressure often breaks the avndrel shafts. The great anonnt of pre-sure excerted on the print rolls requires considerable horse power to operate the aachlne.
This invention makes use of roller bearingsew type bearing or boosing.
The following dlagran Illustrate the appliance.
Pig.l. Cross Sectionylinder printing aaohlne.
ongitudinal section ofearing.
ross section of the bearing.
The print aachlne consistsarge cylinderver which the print blanket, back grey and printed cloth are oarrled. The print rollsra distributed around the circumference of the oylinder. These rolls areand have removable bearing blockst eaoh and. The pressure on the rolls is excepted through hand screwsnd by the counter weightshrough leversurnisher rollsnpnly color from color boxeso the print rolls 2.
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The peg endsf theun on the roller bearingshich ere heldasing. This casing can revolve and tnrm against the ball% The ball bearlnga also turn against the
The roller bearings revolve agalns the sliding piecehich ia tappered towards thehe pegn the bearing head oan be aoved by means of thehrough the shape of tha pegt is possible to move the sliding placen two directions.
This arrangement provides easy running of the rolls, the abrasion af the ring against the bearinghe ball bearing ring, tha roller bearing adjusts Itselffrlotlon heat Is eliminated and considerably less power is needed to operate the print machine.
To Pranx Nesletberger.
The heat treatment of textile material for carryinc omt chemical reactions on the fiber at raisedIs affected either by ttfcp aotlom of dry heat, for instance, by contact rlth heated metal surfaces (dryingy the action of radiating heat (heatingy the action of heated air or heated gases (drying devices, condensingused in the process of crease-proofing) or by treatnent with water vapor of different degrees ofand saturation (rapid ager, cottagepeolal prooednre Is the treatment of dyed textilewith hot oil which, however, has round no practical application.
It has been found that for -carrying out chemical reactions on the fiber, textile material mayeat treatment by passing It through molten metal. The process may be oarried out inanner that the textile web Is caused to travel, by means of guide rollers,ath of molten metal coutalnodrough. By suitably selecting the metal or the aetal alloy, the teaperature of treat-meat may be regulated up toand below. Besldea by the change of thehe degree of the reaotionbe inflaenoedariation of the tlae during whloh the textile material .Is in touch with the liquid metal. The liquid metal has the advantage of not adhering to the surface of the tissue.
According to the desired higher or lowerare or the required resistance against chemical influencea there are pi-eierably used alloys (lead-blsmuth-oadjtiau,or pare mctalahe act bath may be hwated either directly by firing or, moiv> tdvaxtagcously, by
elaotrie current. In the letter case, heating eleaents nay be used or the metal bath, containedon-oonduo-ting vessel. Is Itself used aa resistanceircuit of respective voltage whereby ntllisatlon without loss of electric energy is guaranteed and, at the aaae tlae, It is possible to re- -gulate tha temperature in the simplest manner.
The heat treatment In the metal bath may be effected with molat as wall as with dry goods.suitable selecting the tlaa of reaction tha moist goods leave the bath in the dry state. The water evaporates. TheInvolved In the heat treatmentetal bath lies In Its being very economic The heating of largeof air. as in the oase of hot-air treatment, is dispensed with. The large heated surfaces of heating plates or drying oyllndere cause heavy losses of heat by radiation. The metal bath requiresmall spaoe and may easily be insolated so that losses caused by radiation are avoidedarge extent,ocal overheating of the textile material la mot possible simoe the liquidood conductor of heat, does not allow an accumulation of heat* Toonstant temperature is, not difficult especially la oasa of alectrio heating.
Tha treatment in the metal bath. If it la only Short duration, may be performedelatively highwithout the material being detorlated. In this* oasa. the airin the fabric obviously aots aa the insolator. On the other hand, the bad thermal conductivity of thefibersrotective effect, moreover, on account of the lowolflo heat of the textile fibers the consumption of hest Is small, simoeittle heat Is oarried away
lFOR RELEASE
DATt9
by tho fabrlo and other carriers which would also hare to be hoated, such as air or aetal plates, are not present. The aetal bath requires also very little space as compared with, for instance, drying plates.
By snitable selecting the
perature of the aetal bath and the duration of the reaction (speed of passage of the goods) the effect of the treatment can be greatly used.ery short aotlon of the highly heated aetal bath the reaction can be startedhock-like manner. In 'which case the end of the reaction takes place during tho travel of the goodslosed chamber whichudden cooling. On the other hand, the reaction nay also be carried out so that its course is interruptedertain stage by suddenly cooling the goods after they have left the bath, for instance, by blowing cold air on then.
The metal bath forma anIts surface. Tn order to avoidand to thus reduce theburning due to the formationwhich naturally oan begoods are Introducedlot-likewhichbelow the surfaceery small stripsurface of the bath Isurther possibilitythe loss by bcrningshutting off the atmospherethe bathevioethe above mentionedtables for inti-odocing thebyspace between'ths
sarfaoe et the b: heanasv loreo'd or I'lrosat. Thethe cover Is alsoprevc'.'jjiijoausedT. or? *to
t "Ac BfWv rl yr.to
against the noxious influenceoo long contact with the hot aetal bath, the guide rollera are mounted In pivots. But It Is also possible totationary systea of guide rollers and arrange the trough containing the metal bath so that it may be lowered.
The new prooess of treating textile fabrlos in liquid aetal may serveeat-after treataent In processes for enhancing the wearing strength and other properties (by means of dlmethylolurea orIn tha process for* rendering the materialprr-c? oror In prooesses for developing or fixing prints and dyeings obtained, for Instance, by aean3 of vat dyestuffs or coupling dyestuffs.
gxareples?
abric of bleached cotton Is
printed with the following printing pasta?
ramsaste of the
dyestuffSchulta, Farbstofftabellen, Tth ed.)
: 90 of water 80 of glycerol
350 of staroh-tragaoant-thicts-mlng
100 of caustic soda eolation
of sodium hydro sulfite
10O0 grams
Blrsotly after printing, the moist goods are passedath of liquid metal having the following composition:
i
rams of of oadmlua
"lOOO grams
The temperature of the metal bath Is
maintained atThe duration of AFPiovliioiBELEASl
the passage amounts to0 aiTL9
oonds, Subsequently, the goods are
rinsed and soaped at theivid
orange print is obtained.
fabric of bleached oottonwith the following
rams of the eoaitra salt of the etra-sulfuric acid ester of leu
50 of thlodiglycol -
300 of water
of
AO queous aolution of
aramonlnm rhodanide 0 of sodium chlorate} 10 olution or ammonium
vanadate
aTOTonia!
rams
after printing, the mo^st goods ere passedecondshrough the metal bath indicated in Rxanple.l. Subsequently, the goods are rinsed and soaped at theivid and fast blue print ie obtained.
cotton fabric is printed withprinting^pastet
ramsaste of dyestuff
0 of water
600 of carob seed
After drying, the fabric Is padded onadder with the following .
rowio sodafe)
60 of sodium of anhydrous Glauber salt
Afterbsorption ofhe moist goods are passed rorecondsetal bath of the com-position indicated ininse* thoroughly, oxydlsed with very
diluted bydr;sene peroxide solutionFOR RELEASE
DAU:AUGI999
soaped at thelvld and fast bin* print Is obtained.
fabric of viscose artificialprinted with the followingpaste:
ransix tare,yclro-xynaphtho7laalno)-nanhthalene and the dlaxoamlno compound of diaxotixedand50 of glycol of190 of water
600 of neutral thickening
rams
Directly after printing the nolnt goods are passedetal bath whioh has the composition indicated innd which has been heated toThe time of passage amounts toeconds. The material Is then rinsed and soaped at theull navy blue print, fast to washing. Is obtained.
fabrio of viscose rayonla paddedthe
8 grams of the substantive dyestuffre dissolved " of water 50 of'glycerol and 50 * of Olaaber salt are added
rass
After equeexlng. fhs fabrio Is passed forecondshrough the following aetal bath heated tor
rams of of of Xnsfl
rinsedfl oils*. ast brown dyeing Is 'bts.lr.ed,.
1 lELEASt DEU9
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iscose rayon staple fabric is padded with ths following solutionI
.rans of aiaethylel 1 of of ammonium nitrate.
The aaterlal is then squeexed, dried and passedetal bath heatednd having the composition Indioated in axamplehe tiae of passage amounts toeconds. The goods are resistant to creasing.
abric of blealahed cotton iswith the following printing paste:
ramsolution In beta-nolater-soluble pre-condensate of urea,and butanol are alxed with
150 olationodi-fled glyptal resinnolalo fatty acid, phtallo acid and glycerol) In xylene and
xylene
rams
Into this mixture there are introduced, while atlrringapid stirrer,
ramsaste of the blaa dyestaff obtainabletof British, diluted with of ammonia) and i
420 * at water
niform emulsion Is obtained.
The printed goods are dried and, foreconds, passedetal bath having the composition indioated innd* whereby the blue print la fixed so as to toe fast to washing without feriher treatment.
ArPIOVEIIOIIELEASE
abric of Viscose rayon staple is Impregnated "lth the following liqnort
arts by weightart by weight of fatty aloohol
f
arts by weight of water
arts fey weight.
After squealing, the fabric is passed through the bath mentioned intwithpeed that itthe batherfectly dry state. The time of passage amounts to abouteconds. After this treatment the fabrio isater dropped thereon runs off without wetting the fabric.
Olalmt
A Process for oarrying outreaotlons on textile material at raised temperature, characterised In that compounds capable of reacting are applied on the textile aaterlal which Is subsequently passed through molten metal
APPROVED EOR RELEASE DATE.9
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DEFENSE INFORM All ON SYSTEMS AGENCY DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION5INGMAN RD4 FTBFI8 OffKULIUWai
DONOTKMWAKD
or i
To:
Requested By: KELLY AKERS Attn: AHPASSARELLA
ASST SEC OF DEF (PUB AFFAIRS) FREEDOMCTY0 DEFENSE PENTAGON RMASHINGTON.
By
Informalron For The Defense Communtly
Original document.
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