1
sensation was that we were transported fiomreal life into Tarkovskiy's motion pictureicturesque meadows suddenly give way to the skeletons of some son of machines. Old barracks with blade sockets where windows used to bc stare malevolently out through the young regrowth of forest trees. Pieces of cable and lengths of pipe are scattered around beneath one's feet. And all of this isugeried to estimate how many millions of rubles ihis "experiment" cost our national economy. We can apparently no longer get an exact answerhis question. Whatever the case, for the moment we can only make guesses based on some figures offered by V. Matyushkov, an engineer who participated in the preparations for this burst. Figures like this: The "Taiga" experiment was supported byfrom different institutes in the country*
Such, then, were the kind of grandiose forces and resources focused on jusi onerojects thai fell within the attention span of Ihe USSR Council of Ministers and the USSR Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources. The fact is thai lhe manmade mi rack lake in Cherdynskiy Rayon was lo become one link in the "Canal" system, which was lo divert waters of the northern rivers into lhe Caspian.
"The canal was lo be built by means ofolled nuclearxplained V. Matyushkov. "One such burst was set off here, near Cherdyn."
Three seven-kiloton charges were placed in special shafts and set off simultaneously. The ground itself protected surrounding nature and people from the mostconsequences of ihchendin the subsoil (at least that's what specialists who traveled with usowever, some toxic substances were released with the gas and dust cloud that erupted outward and was scattered by ihe wind. In general, the half-life of mosl radioactiveisa few hours. Bui in whal way did ihey manage to affect the surrounding naturalin these hours?
Questions,i is ofery difficult thing lo find answers lo themouple of decades after (he fact. Nonetheless, specialists feel certain that they will be able lo find answers to most of them. Il was wilh this purpose that an extensive research program has been planned. Participants of Ihc expedition are taking water samples from neighboring streams and marshes, ihey are sampling the soil and atmospheric moisture, they are culling out chunks of tree bark, and they are collecting moss, mushrooms and grasses from different areas of the "cone" for this purpose. And in thespeciatistiadiaiion safety laboratory are taking measurements of Ihe gamma-radiation level.
A dosimeteratural radiaiion background at ourfive microroemgens per hour. But as we come closer to ihc lake the radiaiion level begins io rifeiciorocnigcns per hour. In one place Ihe instrumentnits. But what were the readings, lei us say, lOorears ago. when ihe shores of the lake had not yet been covered by grass and moss, which absorb radioactive particles aridind of living protective shield?
"Il was not safe, of. Akhundov. thescientific leader hesitantly explained. "But in regard to lhe currenl radioactivean say this. There is no threat here to Ihc casual passerby, But remaining hereong time is not recommended."
After our expedition finished its work we set off to plant posts bearing signs reading "Radioactivity. Hazardous loeveral square kilometers of taiga were encircled by these forbidding warning signs.
That's how ihc authors of this grandiose (andadventure "improved" nature in Cherdynskiy Rayon. The one terrifying though! is vrhai this entire undertaking might have cost, had il not been stopped in lime, had all of ihc planned bursts been set off Whal son of monstrous radioactive drainage channel might have been created!
Consequences of9 Sverdlovsk Anlhrax Outbreak Explored
insk ZNAMYA YUNQSTIin5 Oa 90
{Article in two install men is by Sergey Parftnov: "The Secret of Ihc 'Sarcophagus"'; reprinted from theRODINA Noor addilional recent reporting on ihis topic, seef lhe FBIS DAILY REPORT: SOVIET UNION.J
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(TextJ There ate several renxttries in the city. But hangingword O'er one of them. Vostochnyy.ational curse-No, this place is still filled with visitors, especially on parents* day. People wander through Ihe lanes and paths. They cry, Ihey are silent, Ihey remember Ihe deceased. Just as Ihey do everywhere else.
Hut nobody is hurrying lo Sector No. IS. Here,ule, there are no people,omber silenceheredowns of graves. Many have been forgotten and neglected, and they are overgrown with needs.aken out af here (old wreaths and dry aad raoan grass, for example, ire burned) and any digging or cultivation of the ground here is strictly forbidden. The sector is inspected periodically by workers of Ihc SES [sanltary-epiderniologicalhe high officials of Sverdlovsk aad the oblail know about thehey say that on th* city map this corner of the cemetery is markeded cross.
What secret is kept ia Sector No. IS of (he Vostochnyy Cemetery, what Is il lhat evokes fear to this very day?
'.'
(irn.ni
En I* in Ihc morning9 ia Chkaiovskiy Rayon in Sverdlovsk (mm far fromh military compound where the laboratories of the Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines of the USSR Ministry of Defensecaome iricomprehcnsiblc things started to happen. Tbe telephones in the first aid service would not stop ringing: Alludden, for no apparent reason, people were becoming disabled and weak, Iheir temperatures shoi up to abovedegreeshey had bouts of coughing andhe patients were taken to city hospital No.of (hem from home and some of them right off ihe street. Soon there were no empty beds there (the only treatment facility could takeeople) and ihey began to send Ihc afflicted (with whal nobody knew yet) lo the neighboring hospital
Margarita Ivaaervaa lleoko. the head physician of city hospital No.says:
"Ten years agoactually did nolospital; we lived and worked in crowded condilions.lood of patients was quite unexpected and we sent some of Ihem lo Ihcnd alludden the headYikov losifovich Klipniiser. called mc from (here:
"Listen, Ilenko. we had two of "yours" die on
as taken aback:
diagnosisT
lo bc
hort period of time ihe phone tang again Ii was
KJipniltcr:
"'Margaritamtate of panic: Three more have died!'
'"From*"Toxk
"My word ofrokeweat. For if the etisease was not prolonged, and if during thai lime there were no complications, nom surerained medic is well aware of the fact thai pneumonia is practically never fatal. And here we had an almost instantaneous, extremely severe form' People were dying from pulmonary hemorrhage.
"And Ihen il dawned on me: God. Ihii was some kind of infect
"Bui what kind?
Roia Khaiiyevna Gaiiyeva. ihe head of admissions of Hospitalecalls:
"At senioras on duly that lembk night They kept bringing people in. There was nowhere to put them; we had to put them in the corridors. Some of ihemfelt belter after first aid tried to gohey were later round on thepeople had lost consciousness. And ihcreroblem in lhean hadoman wasrought her back to life wilh mouih-tc-moulh resuscitation. To no avail. During lhe nighl we had four peopleould hardly wait untilas frightened...
li was in lhe air infection, infection, infection. Gaiiyeva could barely stand on her feel; She had three small children and she herself was stillwanted io live. Bui ihis feelingink laier. and for now here head was splitting into pieces: Whal was happening, why were people dying, how could ihey stop il? By the. llenko came inio the reception room. Gaiiyeva was almost in tears. Her rounds wereightmare, In Ihe wards lhe dead and living alternated...
M.I. Ilcnko:
nderstood why the personnel were inooked at awas as good as dead. Bui even two or three minutes before he died he looked at Ihe doctor calmly, as though nothing had happened, although all ihc patient's body (from somewhere on his back) waswith ihc typical spotsoment later there was blood In his ihroai and he was
Two dayswoke upiagnosis: anthrax! The situation had changed abruptly. All medical services in the city were put to work. Organs of Ihe sanitary-epidemiological service, veterinaryfire departments, mililary services, enterprises and organiiaiibns of Sverdlovsk. The emergency became the subject of large-scale investigations in the oblast and upper echelons of power. Highly placed leaders of the USSR Ministry* of Health, including the country's chief sanitary. Burgasov. came lo Ihe Urals.
The medical workers of hospitals No.nd No.ere given an order to move all patients infected with anthrax to city clinical hospitalo the infectious diseases facility. The collectives were lo beginlhe population and decontaminating (he area of Chkaiovskiy Rayon.
The people were moved. All the patients coded up under lhe constant scruliny of medical personnel, Ihe best specialists in (he oblast.hey continued to die,
9 Galina Akkscycvoa Lyashchcnko was working as chief of the office for services (funeral services) for production combine No. I:
"Whal was especially etched on my memory? The situ-aiion itself surrounding Ihe outbreak of anlhrax. People were nervous and did not understand ihings scry well. There was fear, innuendoes,nd, of course, immense sorrow, (he tragedies oflone had lo bury no less thaneceased. They were mainly middle-aged
In spile of lhe minimal amount of information, rumors aboul the emergency spread rapidly ihrough Sverdlovsk.
Witnesses lo these events remember thai April well, ihe atmosphere of wild fear among the population, the panic, the many alarming rumors Irighi down lo ihe point of saving thai IT "broke oiil" inh military compound and dragged the poison through Chkalovtkiyeople tried noi to eai meat, sausage, orthey avoided going out of ihe house, ihey locked up the windows and doors, and they limited theirwith one another. The local newspapers published explanatory ankles with recommendations on how to protect oneself from anthrax.
But many people did not believe the official version. And with some justification. Thus when paiicnts would come io city hospital Nohey were asked if ihey had anything to do withh militaryimited group of Sverdlovsk residents more or less that behind the strong army fenceecret scientific subdivision they were doing work related to Ihe vaccine. Is Ihis not where ihe mysterious disease came from?
According io the figures of ihe military scientists, "ihe caille belonging to the ciiiien Percvalov from the village of Averinskiy in Syscrtskiy Rayon fell ill with anthrax and mass death of animals began here at ihe end ofhis, they said, was the source of the tragedy.
Bui here is the hilch: From the statistics lhal were given for Ihe spread ofquitefollows that Ihis "plague" has afflicted livestock and passed humans by. Why was it that in Ihe spring of
l hit us so selectively and fiercely? There it no
answer.
Incidentally, here is what the head state veterinary inspector for Sverdlovsk Oblast, Valentin PetrovKh Yaroslavtsev. has io say {he has been working in this posiiioo for many yean andery qualified special-
Ul):
"When we found out about ihe emergency and Ihe diagnosis thai had been given, we immediately pul our people io work, conducted careful research, and did hundreds of analyses of the toil, fredt. and air.hall be brief: We did noi find any source of Ihe disease or cause of Ihe outbreak of anthrax in our
FAISinCATION?
Hereact that draws our attention In practically aD of the documents, articles, and reference worksin the statements from the military) pertaining to the tad events9 in Sverdlovsk, there arcreferences, quoiaiions. and figures from the articte of. Bczdeneihnykh. Niktforov, "An Epidemiological Analysis of Anlhrax inrimed inf ZHURNALMMUNOBIOLOGHnd this it practically the main argument of iheof the official version of Use outbreak.
Bul kl us reread this article.
"The sporadic cases of anthrax in humani in one of Ihr rayons of Sverdlovsk were preceded by an outbreak of anthrax among agricultural animals on certainhe animals were probably infected through feeds
"In March-April (herearked increase in the slaughier of caille on certain farms and the meat was sold on the outskirts of the city through private business Moreover, one cannot rule out the possibility of the sale by the private sector of meat from animals that had to be slaughtered..-
Thisrief commentary.
In the first place, for such serious scientists who are drawing far-reaching conctutions (the infection of humans with anthrax occurred through the meat of domeslicrguments like "probably" and "it cannot be ruled out" are hardly acceptable.
In the second place, one would have lo be completely ignorant of the rural way of life and the psychology of Ihe land-owning peasant to assert that in March-April he could decide to cruelly kill all of his domestic livestock. Never! In Ihe country livestock art tlaughtered in Ihe autumn, when the first really cold weather comes, and then in the middle of the winter, bul always keeping in mind Ihat Ihe herd mutl reproduce iltcir and there can be no losses.
We quote further:
"The distribution of Ihe victims according to the dales of ihetr illness, taking inlo account the duration of ihe incubation period, made il possible to rule out Ihe possibility of infection through meal which was centrally provided for ihe public food supply. If that hadone could expeci outbreaks of Ihe disease.
"From meat taken for examination from two families in where there were victims we isolated the pathogenic organism for anthrax. In both cases ihe meat was bought from private individuals at unofficial marks and the strain! of the pathogenic organism of anthrax isolated from the meat were the tame at the strains isolated from Ihe afflicted
And whai does Ihis prove'* In the opinion of IS Berden-eihnykh. Nikiforov. it proves Ihat the infected meat wat the cause of the infection of the humans.
Yuriy Mtkhayfovich Gusev. Ihe director of thePlant for Ceramic Items;
aow ihat ihere is ihis version: The workers suffered because of meal bought from privateil was really purchased by an enterprise in an or gam red way. This is not so. In the eve of the holiday we actually did acquire some meal from the Kadoikovskiy So*in Sysertskiy Kayon. We have long-standing and good relationi with this farm and the collective helps the tovkhoi, especially in harvesting the crop.an tell
you with complete certainly lhal lhe meal was inspecied by Ihc veierinary service and iltamp, lhal is. iheir conclusion was positive.
"We must look for the source of the disease somewhere else. And Ihe cause as well. Because at lhat lime the plant lost more than two-tenths of its workers. And (his was in
Specialists go on to write:
ndividual cases of anlhrax among humans have been registered, and (here were skin and intestinal forms of ihc infection. The anthrax-like nature of the illness was confirmed by (he results of laboratory examinations of the humans and (he animals."
What do they mean by "individualbouteaths (according to incompleie data, (he Voslochnaya Cemetery is not Ihc only place where ihey arewhat about that?
And why do Ihe authors name only two forms ofAnlhrax in humans is manifested in three main clinical forms: dermal, pulmonary, and intestinal. The intestinal form appearsesult of eating ihc meat of ill animals. The dermal form the causative agent entersoint where Ihc skin has been injured, mainly on exposed parts of the body (face, neck, fingers,e admit thai both of them "occurred" in the spring
Bui why did Bejdcnezhnykh and Nikiforov nol even mention ihc pulmonary form of (he infection? Perhaps there were no cases of (his? There were, and we are convinced of this by the evidence from medical workers of hospitals No.nd
The problem is apparently (hat wiih lhe pulmonary form the infection is aerogenic when the paikn( is working wiih materials infected with spores oflhe anthrax bacilli. The disease progresses following ihe pattern of serious bronchial pneumonia. Is this not the riddle of the strange tragedyn orderall ill this way. to put il crudely, you have to inhale something, that is. microbes that arc in the air in "suspended" form!
ct|
(Text|onversation with Faina Afanasycvna Abramova (former do cent of (he department ofanatomy of Ihc Sverdlovsk Medical Institute):
as alreadyension but they asked me to come and work in hospital No.athological anatomist.emember well the sad events in April.
"Once onwas lhe end of Ihestrong young man was seni lo us and on Monday he had already died. They asked me to examine him: They said ilery complicated and incomprehensible
"All right. We did an autopsy. One was struck by lhe infection oflhe lymph nodes and lhe lungs.lso paid attention lo (he hemorrhagic inflammation oflhe coccphali and weo-called "cardinal'shal isold Ihem it was similar to anthrax. But both the clinicians and the infectious disease experts who were present had (heir doubts: Enough about this anthrax, we finished wiih lhal long ago...
sked: Is everything dean in the city, are there no infections anywhere? And then someone admitted: Instructions had been givenard. Ihey were waiting for paiienls, so there was something.
"We decided toacteriological investigation, called the department for especially dangerous infections of the oblast saniUry'-cpidemiological station, and sent ihe body (here. The microscopic sections were filled wiih anlhrax microbes! And things took off...
"li turned out thai in hospital No.here had been an outbreak and several deaths from pulmonary infections. But the diagnosis was different: pneumonia. They sent an appeal io ihe chief of Ihc oblast public heallhN.S. Kikifrxov. And the pathological anatomists and court medical experts were all iold lhat ihis was indeed anlhrax. We believed this and slancd our hellish work.
"All the people who were infected were taken io hospitaliih each suspicious case in oiher regions of lhe city we would go to ihe location immediaiely. To be safe, during the first days Ihc medical personnel lookWe had toery large number ofnow for sure there wereodies.,.
"Whal happened later, after lhe outbreak had been conquered? Something that was unique in all respects. In the highesi medical circles (wiih lhe knowledge. Burgasov) ihey decided "while the case was still hot" to prepare andonograph (and ineandidate's dissertation about this case. Working on it wiih me was Lev Moiseycvich Grtnberg. who was working at that limeathological anaiomist in the lubcrculosis hospital.
"We gathered the materials and went to Moscow, worked another two weeks on ii Ihere, and then wrote it. We left it there, includingrolor slides. The morphological picture was very rich. But we never heard anything more about the monographas invited to give papers about ihe emergency andMoscow (at lhe Botkin Hospital) and in Sverdlovsk at lhe oblast seminar for pathologicalBui both times al the lasteard: The arrangements are canceled, anlhrax is not included among lhe especially dangerous infections...
ave leftmemento' of those days an engravedgift from ihe Sverdlovsk Oblispolkom [Oblasi Executive CornmiUccj and ihe conviction that theof the humans in9 was mainly aerogenic."
A Virut From the Department
Comments from Margarita Ivanovna Ileako;
"No, lhal was notrofessional, an old and experienced medic. Theaw hadand respiratory infections. Plus iheic was (he amaxing speed with which the disease took its course. What were we dealing with? It seems to me thai il was some microbe grown under specific conditions.m very sorry thai Ihe Iruth about il was suppressed from the very beginning. It would have been possible lo avoid many mistakes, incorrect actions, and
The head physician of the Scientific Research Institute for Protection of Maternity and Childhood. Tamara Fedorovna Kircyeva:
"We received lists of people in Ihe rayon from which we are categorically forbidden to admit obstetrics patients. They took from usospital No.urse-anesthesiologist, and through medical channels we learned lhal paiienls from the 'zone* wentwith pulmonary
What were thesehereurprising pattern An especially Large number of the names were of people brought in fromskadron. naya, Lyapustina, Poldncvaya. Voycnnaya. andheskaya Streets (we are speaking about hospital. Why? If you lookap of Ihe city il Is not difficult to note: all these geographical points are_.lo tbe south ofh military compound! Of the enterprises of the rayon, workers of the ceramic hems plant suffered especially.
The people recall: The wind during the first days of9 blew mainly from Ihe north to the south,.
Onebruary of this] there was what was perhaps an unprecedented event in Sverdlovsk. The collective of Ihe sector for military epidemiology rs vof the structural subdivisions of Ihe Scientific Research Institute of Microbiology of Ibe USSRof Defense, created6 oo the basis of the Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines of lhal sameIhe doors of their laboratory to civilians. Invited to vis.it the military scientist! ofh compound were USSRhmo-tyev. Sverdlovsk Corkom |Oly Party Committee" Firstadochmkov. represenutives of Ihe rayon authorities, scientists of the Uralsk Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, ecologists, and journalists. There was an inspection of the heretofore classified facilityress coo (ere nee And. of course. ibe conversation touched upon the events
For example, this question was asked:
"What is the sector for military epidemiology and whai functions does il perform today?""
"Our sectorcientific research institute of the USSR Ministry ofnswered the chief of ihe SVE,
Candidate of Technical Sciences. Kharechko. "The scientific subject matter envisiont Ihe solutionsroad complex of problems in ihe area of aniibactenological protection. This is the development of means and methods of disinfection of ihe locality, military equipment, arms, and vartoui militarymeans of individual and collective protection of humans from biological aerosols,o meant of rapid discovery of harmful tubstancei in the enviran-menl. We also conduct research and tiudy of iheof biological damage io military equipment, thai is. the influence of various natural micro-organ isms on the constituent material! of this equipment, for in nature there are also microbes that are compatible withwhich dciUoy meial and plastics..
"How does one evaluate the sector's activity under the conditions of the recently changed military and political situation in the world? Is ittit work not tuperfluout?"
bjected Anatoliy Trofimovich. "Research in Ihis area is being conductedroad scale in Western countries, allhough, true, now not only in governmenl. but also in private laboratories. And if you look at Ihe regulations of the armed forces of Ihese countries, as before they envision measures foe aniibactenological protection, so itbe unjustifiable caretessnest for us to hall this work
"Residents of Sverdlovsk still link thit outbreak of anthrax in Ihe spring9 to (he activity of the institution located on the territory ofh military compound. What can you say about thtsT
"That opinion is profoundly mistaken The rumors that made their way around ihe ciiy in the spring9 about some outbreak that was supposed to have occurred on the territory of our institution and the discharge of Ihe causative agent of anthrax into the environment had no real grounds. Mainly because we never had anything to do with the outbreaks In our laboratories there simply were no substances, materials, or processes which could hive led io Ihehink this absurd version became widespread because the majority of people arc more inclined to believe in certain 'antattic things than in real and natural explanations. The very unusual and tragic naiure of the situation apparently demanded equally unusual and sensational causes. The regimen of secrecy and ihe notorious departmental interests also played oo small role here.
"Sad at il may be. the fact Ihat this subjeel is being raised again now can most likely be explained by Ihe existence of certain groups and individuals who are trying lo gain recognition and popularity byegative attitude toward the army in ihe community. Thu
And so the specialists of (he sector of militaryassert: The discharge of anlhrax causative agents from the territory ofh military compound never happened at all. nor was there any kind of outbreak.
ihere were rumors aboul this among Ihe populat.on. But Ihc discharge of poison could occur "on ihcthrough lhe ventilation system, for eiample.6 the sector and prior lo that the scientific researchengaged tn the development of technology for ihe production of vaccines for protecting the country's troops and populationumber of dangerous infections. Bui where ihereaccine Iherc are also strains of virulent cultures of causative agents whichused in the laboratories Including anthrax:.
This is not the only disturbing thing. During the first days of the outbreak medical workers paid attention: Mosi oflhe people who suffered from it were men. At ihe news conference, incidentally, workers of Ihc SVE gave Ihese statistics: During the emergencyeople fell ill. Of theseercent were women andercent were men. One child was also afflicted.
But whai does all Urn tell us? First of all. ii lells us about ihe strange selectivity of the disease. It "mowed down" lhe adult, most able-bodied population, and amongtbe age group fromoears of ageow docs one explain all this? Only by ihe fact thai, say. on lhal falcful day uninspected meal was brought in io sell at the ceramics ptanl? Or perhaps the virus lhai broke out randomly was programmed?
Look. Considerable forces were dispatched to clean up after the outbreak. This was already discussed briefly above. But in addition they mobilized (there is probably no other way to put it) lo Ihe Viorchermet area motor transport enterprises, lhe dty planning service, students of the Sverdlovsk Medical Institute, and so forth and so on. In the region ofh military compound people in nay green protective suns look soil samples. In some places, particularly in ihe region of the former coUeciive gardens behind the ceramics plant. Ihey removed Ihe upper soil layer. Certain sirenscoveredew layer of asphalt. Firemen washed the roofs, sidewalks, large buildings, and houses...
M.I. Ileako:
"When ihey began lopecial solution everywhere (which was intended to kill ihc rest of the aaihraihe situation, in my opinion, becameere were additional cases of illness and
What was the mailer? Medical experts assume that by the time of the mass work for disinfecting ihe territory of the rayon, the aerosol (if you accept the "leakage"or the so-called "dust" had already settled and been buried. And now il has been raised up inlo (he airThe rest is understandable Unsuspecting people swallowed Ihe fatal "dust" aod it infected ihc mucous membrane oflhe upper respiratory Iracit and Ihe lungs. Bronchial pneumonia was the leihal
Ask the Head Ihe Price of Life
One question will aot leave me in peace Why did ihc military suddenly become so communicative? Of course.
today one has to deal wiih public opinion.urlniiis showed an interest in the events ofears ago in Sverdlovsk. Bui Use main thing is that9 Ihc sector changed over to economic accountability. It could ddiver nutrient mediumontractual basis, conduct the mostchemical analyses for medical experts, sterilize inslrumcnls and materials, engage in subject research, conduct bacteriological certification of the location, and conduct ecological observations After all. the SVE has equipment civilian laboratories could never dream of.
But this requires partners, one must have aabusiness reputation, and in all matters one must profess not only advantage and commercial gain but also honesty and confidence. This is probably one of Ihe reasons why Ihey held the news conference inh mililary compound in February.
Bui neither before nor after it was ihere any confidence that ihe development of events in Ihe spring9 proceeded precisely Ihe way the official version claims. For eiample. the military dearly hint that ihe emergency was on ihe conscience of ihe service of Ihe sanitary-epidemiological station and it was because of their thoughtlessness and carelessness lhal the anthrax spread.
Well, in the spring9 on the outskirts orinayon, cases of infection of domestic cattle wiih aothnu were registered. Bui il is equally probable lhat this outbreak coincided in lime with ihc "backfire" of the Scientific Research Institute ofand this was subsequently used by tbe military department for its own alibi.
' The author by no means claims lhal his judgments are final. And il would be premature and irresponsible, io say (he leasl, Io draw hasly and categorical conclusions. But the discussion of the tragic story of Ihe "aathraa" ia Sverdlovsk had to occur one way or another. And for now ihe Soviet citizen has no certainty thai Ihegiven to him from official sources and the secret departments is objective and reliable. Eiamples? The faic of the Aral, Chernobyl, ihe chain of bloody, lerribly neglected conflicts in the Transeaucasua, the bloody April in Tbilisi. And where is lhe guarantee thai we arc nol silting on another bomb today.
Peoples Deputy oa Chelyabinsk Radioacllva Conlaminalion Threat
oxew Domestx Sernce in0 GMTec 90
[Remarks by (Peir Ivanovichhairman of Ihe Chdyabinik Oblast Soviei of People's Dcpulies, atof Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Congress of People's Deputies in Moscow on 10
[Textl Esteemed people's depuites* Esteemed Presidium of the congress'hall be speaking about is one of the greatest human tragedies of our age. Because of the
Original document.
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