OKS
WHEAT
European JSS'l
Export
".
Jtfi TKreiro, , and
For.jor Rumanian Territories.
one
(a) Central Agricultural (Black Soil)
(o) north ar.d'Jkralna.
Surplus
riortlorn Deficit
(a) Upper Volga Beg Ion,
fbj Centralglon
:'ortiwostarr..
Hdto
(o) Saltlc
Northern (tog i
Asiatic
one
Ural-1 iberian Surplus e .
1(, lfcst jibcria-Far iiatarn ione.
.VHEAT
European
1. xport ione
Sortri Caucasus Region
South Mkrairai, Crimea, and Former riuianian Territories
2 . Control Surplus lone
Central Agricultural (Black Soil)
Berth and -Test Ukraine
3, Polfit-Tlral Surplus Zone
L. :iorthern Deficit Zone -
Table of CattMttVj Cent
Asiatic USSR
1, UfHl-Tiistorr. -iberl*na.
2C EastEastern ^cna
3. Central Aiiatic
s>
rjji kk
SiTcpean
rt ucne. ^-
(a) "Jortn Caucasus. .
lb) -O'.ti. Ukraine, Criaea, and
[iu lar.lan 9
Surplus 9
Agricultural (Olauk Soil)
l'.ji:icn
st. 10
3. Ural-7oiea0
It.
ffcgion and Oblast1
1
(o) sten
Baltlo votes
Jhil*
r-crtrorn
Asiatic
rv OATS
SSH
est Siberian2
Control viatic -one2
East -lbiria-f'ar Eastern So. 13
1 Seutnara Ex
Kurt.;
io>rUi Ukraine,and fonsr
Territories.
2. Central surplus -one,4
Agricultural (Black "jU)
est
3 ral Surplus iiofte . 15
ontents Cont.
Ii, Sarthent Deficit bons 15
Uypar Volga :iogion ami Holotov Oblast* * IS
ustrlalc) Ifortinvesti/rn Regioni-i) iteitic Jtates and Konigsbcrg - .
V'nitrr
Regions . Asiatic 1?
X- berian Surplusastern Sonsi Central7
Wale A, Approjiiriaie Seeding and Harvesting Dates for.Vheit
Table 3. ApprcKJjuate Seeding and Harvest Dates for
Springeat
Table C. Approximate Seeding and harvesting
V/ir.ter fye
fable C. Approximate Seedinc and Harvesting Datesats,
I Appnai-iate Seeding and Harvesting Datesinter Vfhsat II Approximate -iodine and Harvesting Dates forheat ill Approximate Seedinc and Harvesting Dates fornter Sye IV Approximateand Harvesting Datoa for Oats
casux nnrzLLTozm: una
0
tWIiJJGEKCE, 3UO
SUBXSfflFi Seeding and Harvesting Datee of Soviet Cereal crops in Specified Regions,
r.TROa'CTION
This uoOQraadiaa deals with tbem periods of seeding and harraatirg wheat, rye, and oats in tho USS.ie
It in not possible precisely to tine the seeding dates of any -Ivan corral in any selected region of the USSR because the begin-runj aid ending dates of each seeding period are highly dependant upon tlie pp .taatic conditions of the region in general and uponother conditions in particular,, Moreover, in any specified region, the period within which seedinc continues (and subsequently the period wit Tinver. stage of' plant dcvolopoont occurs) varies fron yearr not only because of fluctuating weather conditions but alsc because of variations of availability of skilled labor, recuired nactilnery, fuel for tractors, etc.
Susie data on seedinc; and harvesting periods in spacifiedhe L'SCR, indicating avorage beginning and ending dates for tho vmrsoere published by the Soviet Union After colleciivised wchanizatlon of agriculture got under ^ny, theoreticallyeriods of operation, the ^oaaiaaariatriculturea raw aories$ Indicating the percentage of winter grain, spring whrut, ond oats that had been seeded at apeolfied dates.
on those data and taking into conaideration the impact of imxoviet agriculturalables and oape have boon pre-paitderies of opti&uu dates indicating tito beginning and anting of seeding winter ihoat, spring wheat, winter rye, and oats in specified regions of European and Asiatic USSR*
Por present purposes lluropean USJl has been divldod into four zones:
(1) Tbe Southern Export Zone, lnoludiit; tho ilorth Caucasus region. South Ukraine, Crinca, and recontly acquired feraer lacanian territory.
Thishaa not been coordinated irfth the intelligence oxt'aniaations'of the Departosnt of State,y, andcc co.
(f) The Central Surplus Zone, including the Central Agricultural (Black Boil) region, IJorth Ukraine, .'eat Ukraine recently acquired froa Poland, and Carpathian loithenia recentlyfrom Czechoslovakia..
Surplus Zone, including thtt Loweriddle
Volga regions, Bnahkir ASSt and CI ileal ov oblast of th" Ural regionmall area in the northwestern part of Kazakh
ssa,
(h) orthem Deficit Zone, including the rest of Europoan
he Dal tic States, territory recently acquired froa Finland, western vJhite Russia recentlyred fron Poland, and Konigsberg recently acquired from Gernany.
Aijiatic USSH has also boon divided into four zonest
The Ural-crest Siberian Surplus Zone, including Ural regions east of the Ural Dountoins, "Jest Siberia, and the northern oblasts of Kasakh SSR.
East Siberian-Tar Castcrn "one,st Siberia and the Far Eastern regions.
The Central Asiatic Zone, including the four central Asiatic republics and the southern oblasts of Kazakh 3SB.
Transcaucasia, Including the Asiatic republics south of the Caucasus noun tains.
Li general, the areas of intensive aeedlnga ofye, and bailey lie soesswhat to the south of those planted in oats- Thus, anunbroken expanse of sore or lesa dense seodings of winter wheat, wirter rye, spring wheat, and barley spreads away fan-wise northwestward frtsi its apex in the Worth Caucasus -legion in the valleys of the Kuban anc Dai rivers east of tho Asov sea through tlie Ukraine to the frontiera of Rumania and Poland, northeastward through the lower and Ifiddlo Volga Hep ion to the foothills of the Ural loountaina and northward through the Car tral Agricultural (Black Soil) Region into the laarshes and forests of the Northern Deficit Hegion- Throughout this area winter graina aerded in the previous fall are in stages of vigorous growth during the apt ing am ths.
Spring grain1 seeding ncrnally begins the last week in Llarch inorth Caucasus Region and continues into the first decade of lay in
1 - Both spring wheat and spring barlay.
ir-rcl-io^ tho kiddle of lay in ihe control acriculuiral roc ions,Jk! last wodcay in tlie up.ior foothills of uio urol region,rinning tho middle ofelt of yewrrj growth :aovea coa-tin:surly northward. the prerailini; ninds, juno, and july sner> over this whole areaenerally nartir-jcstern direction.
tlie areas of intensive seeding of oats lie soaewlnt north of those ofnd rye. tlie isooriant areas iron west to east are tlie wooded stereo regions of tho ukraine, the northern oblastse centralri cultural region, uie northwestern countiesthe volga neglona, the republics of tho upper volga region, and eastwarde kama rivar drainage basin along uie western olopea of the ural mountains* seslint; logins around theon days in i'arch in tho central u'ricul-tui .1 on, the first of april in .vest ukraine, and the second tenn april in the upper ural legion.
in asiatic u'isr, the only important concentrations of cereal acreages are fount in the ural- est siberian surplus zone oats are also seeded
extensively throughout this tono.
Aa enema USSR8 percent of tho total Soviet winter ahcat acreagef8 percent was seeded in what aay bo called the Southern Ibrport Zone*
10 The Southern ligport Zona Includes tho Ifarth Caucasus Region, SouthrJxoa and the territories recently acquired froaTsaail oblaat, lioldavian ASSR. and Chernovtsy oblaat.
Tho Upi-th Caucasus Region seeded 2he2 percent of all tha winter wheat seeded In European USSR The acreages of greatest density occur east of the Axov see. in the lower valley of ths Don river in Rostov oblaat, in the drainage basin of the Kuban river In Krasnodar Kray, and In tbe upper drainage basin ol' tho Kuna river in Stavropol Kray, while loos dense erodings ecrtrnd eastward through Oroiny oblaat Into Dagestan ASSS along the littoral of the Caspian soa.
Seedlnp of winter wheat usually begins around tho aiddle of Sepfcbcr and continues through the second ton days of October.
Harvesting of wintor nheat usually begins during the first ten days in July and continues through the second tea days ln July.
00 The South jTcrolno. Crinca. and Sorpg faanlaa TerritoriesDo percent of all tiio winter xheat sosdod' in European The heaviest seedings were in theIn the valleys of tho Dniester and Bug rivers ln the :Moldavian ASSR and in thetLiosa and HUtolayov. In this western area less dense seeding3 aro found in Tamil oblaat and Chernovtay oblaoto Heavy seeding also occurs in the lower Dnepr Volley ln the oblaato ofepropotrovslc, Zaporoshye, Iherson, and Criaea, m. tho industrial oJOast of Stalino and the wooded oblast of Voroshilovgrad winter wheat eoodings aro less dense,.
TMo whole region is treoless steppe or rolling stoppo rostly without nooded areas except shelter bolts or wind breaks extending both north-south and eaat--west.
(1) Seeding of winter wheat uaually begins around tho first ten days of Scjitocber and contlnuoo to tha toddle of October,
arvesting of winterVheat usually begins inirstin July and continueso second ten lays of July,
Za ibe CentralBoufc which lies north of themport Zon)u s" be iter adapted to producing rye and oats tlion winter9 percent of all the winter wieat seeded in ^Uropean USSiZ was located In tide rone, wliich comprises tho Central(Tlack -oil) Ttegion, North Ulo-aine, vJest Ukraine recently acquired froJ .'eland, and Carpatiiian Ruthonia recently acquired from Czccuoolovakia.
(a) Thalcultural CLlagc Soil) Region soodod 7c9 percent of all tliehoat seeded in European qSSRt loavily seeded areas lie In Uie upper drainago basin of the 'Jon river, including Voronezh oblast arei the eastern parts of .lursk and Orel.arts of tho two latter oblasts and in Bryansk oblast,ioat isparooly. n fie eastern oblasto of Tambovonaa oa veil as inrdov MXR aro widely scattered-
Gooding of winter ijhaat usually bc;;ins about the last ton days of August ano" cetitlnues through tho first ten days of October*
Ijarvssting of*hoat usually begins around the niddl'e of July and continues to the first ten days of input.
(b) ttorth and -est I'ivralns0 percent of all the winter thoat seeded in rXiropean D1 SI *nere -re only scattered scroages of winter wheat seeded in the oblaata ofltava, voray, Chernigov,itoalr of Ilorth
There is liLtlo winter wweat seeded in the aurflh landj of the northern parts of Hovno und Volno oblaata or in the Eountainoua cbloots of lav and .rogobych of foraer Poland, iiutitenia floods insijuCicant aerobes ofvdwat. tut in tlieins of tho ^deotcr and the Polish Dag rivers, uintcria seeded hcav.ly in tlie oblasts of Vinnitsa, taocnota-iodolsk, Ternopol, and Lvov, and in the oou'Jioro ports of lovno and Volno oblasts,
oat usually begins about the last ton days in August am continues through tio niidla of October,
larvestlnn of "inter wheat usuallyJic first ten days in July and continues into the .Irflt ton days of ugust,.
'.Ills sono, ao will bo sron later, io a
eit'surplus area, ETTtlo idBtr wheatt of all the winter wheat soodod intC-
"Bila zone eoipriaoa Astrakhan and staniitrau oblastsoVol... csion- uaand hectares aro scattered in theiver va. oy or ireinct tito Centrali-cn in the dra.nacre wow of the caddie Don rivur, The -oneIncludes Saratov, UlatioTsk, and Kiibyshev oblasts ofou*Lclotion as veil as Chfcilov oblast and Daahkir ASSR or thetegion.i
Seedinc ofheat begins about tie second ten daysguat" In the north and is usually coaplotcd by the snd of Sapteraber, In the south seeding beginsthe firstptonber and continues into the last ten days of October4
Ijarvcstang periods of -alnter wheat are earlier in the south, beginning about Uie first ten days of July and ending the Latter part of July, In the north, harvesting begins .ibout the end of July and continues through the second ten days of August.
ho fie Korthornercent of all tho winter wheat soedud in iiiropcan DTSBif* "he non-black soils and clinato of thisorthern part of European iussia are bettor atiapted to rye and oats than to Ths zone comprises sixoiu, and "olotov oblast of the Ural, region which seeds no winter wheat.
Upperfusion on tho oast, eeeeUAQ unimportant acreages of winter wheat, comprises Kirov oblast in the north', Chuvash and8 in the southi andR in the cuntral areas.
(h) Contraltrial Scgicn. ccoprlslng the oblasts of Eoccowvaluja, Tula, 3yaian, Vladiair, itano7o, Kbstrooa, and lorkl, seed winter Wioat noru densely than any other of the deficit riigionoj hut tlioso aoroages aro widely scattered ansae forests and on imps.
(e) Ikirthwcstern Region, conprlslng Smolensk. Velikiye Luki. Kilinir. ilovgorod, ?skov, anJ LocirvTad oblasts,scattered ujujcportont acreages of winter wheat,
V|hito .Russia, including territories recently acquired !Yoo rolana* seeds unimportant acreogos of winter wheat.
In the paltici rotates, including Konigsberg, recently acquired fronliuania seeds saall scattered acreages. In tho other states little winters grown
1* For historical,ectares seededst Kazakhk of the Kazakh 3SR are included in the Volga-Ural Surplus "ooj.
JL A
(f) liortl:ernn.Zdl,chnngpl, Vologda, and Xcejieeds insigniilcant acreages or no winter vlient at all.
peeking of wintern Uie Northern Deficit Zone beginshe alddle to Uie last of August and isabout the firet to the old die of
Harreatlnj; of winter wheat begins about the second ten days In July and oontlnues through the nlddle to the latter part of August.
B> MttMB USSR2 percent of fcto total Soviet winter tfceat acreageS of7 percent was needed in the Central AsiaUo Zone.
1. Tlie Central Asiatic Sone oooprisos Usbek SSR, Turlajon SCR, TalsiiLk SSR, and itirgls SSR as "oil as tlie soutvm oblasts of the iTazaJdi SSR.
Seeding of winter -hoot begins around tho 1 of October and oontlnues through the first ton days of Ifoveeber.
Itorvesting dates aro not available.
2* casta seededercent of all the winter wheat seeded in Asiatic ihSRG, chiefly in Aaerbaldzhan GSR.
'a) Seeding of winter wheat begins around the first ton daystober and continues to the end of the eonth.
*b) Harvesting dates are not available.
3. Ursl-TTost Siberian Surplus Zonepring wheat region in which winter wheat survives the severe winters with difficulty. This sone seedederoent of all the winter wheat ocoded in Asiatic USSR
(a) Seeding of winter whoat begins about the first ton days of August and* continues tlu-ouji tha middle of October.
A*' ofjoi begins about the first tenugust' 'and continues to tho end of the uontHt.
li* Sort Ciberla^rnr Eastern Zone seeds insignificant acreages of nlnt r* wheat.
s^r
SPRIID .IUSXX
A, jMWIgANeededpercont of the total Soviot spring wheat
f1 percent was seeded in the Southern Export Zone*
lo liouthern Sxnort Zone.
tr.) .'forth Caucasus Regionercent of all theat see-led in European llSGH Practically all of this rprlnc wheat was seeded in the laddie valley of tlie Don river in the northern ccuntios of Rostov oblast. reew thousand scattered acreages in the Kuban river valley in Krasnodar-Il-ay while insignificant acrcagos wore sQedod in tlie upper drainage hfcsin of the lama river and along the Caspian oca littoral in Itegaston ASGR0
Seeding of springat usually begins the last ten days in larch and nay continue as late as the sdddlo of liay.
Harvesting of spring wheat usually begins the ax dole of July and ccntinuea to the end of the sooth,
(h) South Ukraine, Criaea. and 7onser Rumanian Territoriesercent of1 all 'tlie spring wheat aeedod In Kurcpoan WSSl The heavloot seedings were ia Torontolovgrad oblast. Important acreages continued westward through northern Stalino oblast and Dnepropetrovsk oblast. In other areas rpring wheat was sparsely seeded in scattered acreagea or not seededxcept in Moldavia ASSK and Ismail oblast in the wast where opring wheat waa an iaportant crop.
Seeding of spring wheat usually begins tho second tan days InTSreh and say continuo aa late as the first tea days of 'Jay.
ih]aryostiDg of opring wheat usuallyo the middle ofnd continues into the last ten days of tho
2. Central Surplus Zone, milch lies north of tho Southern Export Zona, inia;>ertant oats rogioii and is not well odaptod to sprin- cheat production except in the sou thorn tip of the Centralack Soil) Secion, vertholeso, tlie zone9 percent of all tic spring wheat seeded in Cur ope an USSR
SBXMSt
tha .Ton river in the southern part of Veronesh oblasto Inportont scrapes were seededR and Ponaa oblast ia the eastern part of the region, In other oblasts of the region acreages ivero scattered aoong other crops,.
Seeding of spring wheat usually begins tho latter part of larch in Voronezh oblast and cay continue through the middle of
farvcsting of spring wheat usually begins toward tho end of July and contlnuos to the alddle of August,.
(b) orth and ^qst UTyainq aeedod 2B? percent of all thooafsesd'ci 'in "European "USSR Relatively iJaportant acreages were scattered among other crops in Kharkov, Poltava, and Sumy oblaets In the oast, andesser extent in Rest Ukraine, Other oblasts seeded little or no spring wheat.,
Seeding of spring wtoat usually begins in the first tenipril and continues into the first ten days of lay.
Harvesting of spring wheat usually begins in the second ten day's in July and continues Into the second ton days of August.
5 percent of all tho spring wheat oeedol inI"European USSR The heaviest seedingo of spring wheat vere found In Stalingrad and Saratov oblasts in the diddle drainage basin of the Don river and on the steppes west of tho Volga river. Heavycontinued northward through Ulanovck oblast, thonco, eastward through northern Kuibyshev oblast of the middle Volga Region into Bashkir assr of the Ural Region, Dense seedingo continued northward :Ji ^olotev oblast ln tlie niddlo valley of the liana river and tho dravnace iHWin af tho Bielaya river0 Important acreages of spring wheat also occur in Chkalav oblaat in the ecu them foothills of the Ural mountains extending southward Into west Kazakh oblast and Aktubinsk oblast of the Kazaki SSR in the drainage basin of the Ural river.
^Seeding of spring whoat begins about tho first ten days in April in the soutli and continues Into tho last ten cays "in Lay io the North*
fo) llaiyosting of spring wheat usually begins about the second tm days in July in tho south and continues through tho second tan days in Septenfcer in the north.,
k> fortoern Deficit "oneh percent of all tho spring whoat seeded* 'in There are important seedings of spring "heat in thessr and in the southern counties of Chuvash and.
Taj'ti* ADSilo Gthorwioo, throughout this whole area of the northern Deficit Scae, spring "heat was not an Important grain and was soiled In scattered plots In farming distrlcta likewise scattered for thopart among swoops .ind wooded regions*
Seeding of spring oh oat begins around the second ten days of Aprilaw nay continue in the norUi until the end of ^ay.
of spring uheat begins around the second tenAugust and continues into the attfdlc of Septonbcr0
ftSIA^iChe total Soviet spring -iioat acr* agow of2s Deeded inSiborianre0
1. traUVest "Iberian Surplus lone in by i'ar tho raost in^wrtant sprite "beat region in BaTTISSC Geographically, it includes tee ebC-as ts of the Uralng in tho oastern foothills of tho Ur-il counand Chelyabinskonesituated in the treeless steppe regions, e zone -lso includes tho west Siberian oblasts of Tycoon,ovosibirsk as well as Altai Tho jpring wheat acreages in several of the northern oa'.f SSI ore also included in this surplusKunWy, Pstropavlovsk, Kokchetav, Akaolinsk, and Pav*.edar.
The Ural- est Siberian Surplus Cone2 percent ofspring whoat ooedod in Asiatic USSllzone extends
oaiit rndew degrees on either side ofh parallel, so the range of seeding and harvesting dates la not great*
It) Seeding of spring wheat usually begins Uie first ten days in aTrll ana continues into the last ten days of the south,
ib) Harvesting of spring wheat usually bojins the seconds in August aad continues through tho oiddlo of Scptenbor0
2<* }'jgt^Slbgria-Far Eastern "one3 percent of all tho sprlnctnSRw Practically all of tht sprinc ilntf. was -jroTnst Liberia ln tho oblaato of Kanorovo, tutuuioynrok, IrkuVk, Buryat-kVcngol, and Chica,, all acreages 0rrdioat were seeded in tho Tar pastern oh lis to,
ofioat inSi.aria begins aboutton dayfi in "ay and continues to tho Tirst ten days In June.
(b) llaryostirr; ofeat in "jaotcrn Siberia begins about tho secondo In August, "iid date of hjvestmg is :iot avail .Ulo,
JJtffeS datesaot are about ton dayshan in Cast Oiberia*
(d) dates aro about tho saoa aa those of Hast Siberia.
3. iaUc ^one neededC percent of all the soring wheal soodod in Asiatic Tlie zone ca^rioes Uzbek SSR,t, TadeldJc SSR, and Klrgia CSX ass Uio southern oblasts of Kazakh SSR,
Seeding of spring wheat in the lowlands begins around the sorrond" ten dav3 in "arch and continues to the first ten days of April. In the highlands,gins the first ton days in April anri continues to tho firot ten days ofy.
llarveatinp of spring wlieat begins about the last ton days
ln June "in the lowlands and about the end of July in the highlands. Thj ond dates for harvesting ore not avail-ble.
Ii. Transcaucasiaorcent of all the ^jrlng wheat seededI93O0
(a; Seeding of spring uh;at bog ins tho last ton days inrch and continues into the last ton days in Hay.
(b) Harvesting of spring iriieat begins about tho niddle of July. There is no inforaation regarding tho end dates of harvesting.
in, wiresa re:1
A USSR seededpercento total Soviet acreage of winter ryof whichercent waa aooded in the Southern Cxpor t
1, boLthcm Expert Zone. The densest aoeding of winter rye in tho 'loucnern Sxpcrt"bne"ia-found in the northern countiee of Rostov cblist oforth Caucasas Area, in the alddle drainage basin of the Don river a
(r; ;ior'Ui Caucasus Rqaonercent of all thoo seeded"'In European USSR Seeding of winter ryo in thia area ia ne;;llSible except in tho middle drainage basin of tho Don river asove.
Seedinr of winter ryo usually begins around the Diddle of Saptonbar and continues into tiie last ten days of October,
Harvesting of winter rye usually begins during the first ten days in July and continues into tho second ten days in July.
(k' South Ukraine^ Crjpea.and 7onaar Rumanian Territoriesercent of" all the" winVor ryo seeded in 3uropoan USSRn the eastern Ukraine important aercagoo rare oocded In tlie oblasts of Voroshilovgrad, Staltno, Dnepropetrovsk and northern "oporoshyo. Seedinsa in other districts cf the area, though significant, uere scattered,
Seeding of winter rye usually begins cround the first tenoptenbcr and continues into the second ten days of October.
llarvqsting of winter rye usually begins in the first ten days' of" July arid continues into the second ten days of July.
tr>> Centralneoreont of all the winter rye .'ociod in'liiropoon" Heavily seeded areas of winter ryehapo belt wiUi its apex in tho upper drainaco basin of the Icn river and its right leg extending norUioaot into the Upper Volga region. The left log of tiroonds northneat through tho roreat area of lorth Ukraine and south vfliito Russia to the relish irentier.
lo String rye acreage In the USSR is negligible.
te)oultural fi&ock7 porcent ol all tho winter rye seeded In liiropcan" USSRC. vicst soodincs occur in the upper drainage basin of tho Don river in south Voronezh oblast. Hoary seeding3 continue to the northeast in Taabov and i'enza oblasts and ln tlie eastern part of Zordov AS51, Toward the west, winter rye Is heavily scedod in northern Kursk aid southern Orel oblasts. Though lessdod, Isvortant acreages of ryo are found in all tha other oalasta of tho Central Agricultural Region,
Seeding; of winter ryo usually begins In the last ton days of Augustand continues through the first ten days of OcWbor,
of winter rye usually begins around tho alddle of July and continueshe last ten days of July.
(b) north andaine3 percent of all tho winter rye seeded in Vairopean USSR in An "island" of heavy seeding occurs in ?oltava oblast, olt of dense seeding begins in the cor hern part of Ouay oblast and extends westward tlirough Chernigov oblast, the northern part of Kiev oblast, into "hitootr ana Kaionets-.Podolak oblasts. Heavy oec-ing of winter rye is found in the former Polish territories nowst Ukraine Important soedlng also occurs in Kliarkov and Vinnitsa oblasts of North Ukraine. Winter rye seeding In Carpathian luthenia is unia;jortant.
eeding of winter rye bogino about the last ten dayo in August andcontinues through tho odd die of October.,
in European USTRC. Heavy seeding of winter ryo occurs in northwestern Stalingrad oblast of the Lower Volga Region and In western Saratov oblast and Ulanovsl: cblaat of thoVolgahadings are important in eastern Scratovuibyshev oblast aid in western Clikolov oblaat. Heavy seeding of winter ryo also occurs In Iaolikir ASSR in tlie western foot'iilla of tho Ural Ifauntaino,
Ca* Seedirv; of rdntcr rye begins about tho second ton days of August in ino nortii and is usually coaploted by Uie end of Septoabcr. In the southeginsbout tfie first of "epteobor and continues into the second ton days oP Sc'-obor.
tor rye are oarlier in Uio south,"about tiio first ten days innd continuing into the last ten days of Jily.. In Uie norUiegins about tho first of ugust and conlinuas into Uio second ton days of August-
efielt fena seeded hlo7 percent of all the winter rye so^deu'in I'tiropean USSR' Rye isar the rioct important cereal crop ^rown in this zone,. The heaviestcoodingG are found in Oi? ilwra-Volca area canpriainc :olotovartar ASSR,Si,, and the irestcrn port of Hirov oblast^
Upp^ Vp^aj^gion and "olobov Oblast3 percent ofill tlie winter rye' seeded in ^opean"u'cirf' Tills area, lying in the va leys of the ICana river and Uppercr,e of the most densely seeded rye areas in the USSlo
Seeding of winter rye begins about tho middle of August and continues through the first ten days of Septeiaber,
Horyestlng of winter rye begins about tlie end of July and continues Sirough the middle of Auguoto
Industrial Regionercent of all tlie winter iccdoa'bpeah'B-. ?ho nout he-ivily seeded
fb)
rye
districts are contiguous to thecultural Region in the oblasts of Kaluga, Tula, Ryazan and the southern counties of Gorki Oblast, In the otherYaroslavl; yiadiodr, Ivanovo, Gorki (north of the Volga)9 trof winter rye, although luportant, was scattered among forests and marshes*
eeding of winter rye bogino after the cdddlo of August and continues to the end of the oonth0
arvesting begins toward the ond of July and continues to the fflLddie of August,
,c* Kcrthwcstern Re.^on seededpercent of all the wintern European UlSR Important acreages of winter rye vnre seeded in Smolensk, irovgorod and the nortliem port of Kalinin uMast* Seodinrnj in Vclikiye Liki, j'skov and Leningrad oblasts vere scattered,
Seeding begins about the cocond ten days in August and continues to the middle of Sgptesbero
Harvesting begins about the last ten days la July and continues through the last ten days in Augusto
Baltic States including Esthonia, Latvia, Lithuania and iionlgsbcrgpercent of all the winter rye seeded in
1, lehiioy oblast la geographically in the Ural Region, while tho other ciatrt-cts cake up the Upper Volga Region,
ruiropoan ICCHGB mportant aoedings wore in tho scuth-west in Lithuania,
Coo ding and
JlarvoatinK periods for winter rye are aboutoe aa in the "or OM tern Region.
(*) ^hlte .hissia, including the territory recently acquired froa Poland, senJod 6'Jc percent of all tho winter rye seeded in The moot heavily seeded districts wore in former ,'olisli territory in the oblasts ol* Brest and Daranoviohi ln thend in tJie oastnd Oca el oblasts as well as In the valley of the iTipot itivor in tlie south.
Seeding of winter rye begins about tho end of August and continuee'through the second on daye of September,
iSarvestlnfi of winter ryo begins about the second ten days of July and continues into Us* second ten days of August,
(f) northern Rqflon seededercent of all the winter rye seeded" in European USSRC.. Thoso acrcagCo were widely scatteredmps and forests, ciilcfly in Vologda oblast.
Spading of winter rye bogins -bout tho first ton days in August" "and continues into the socond ten days of August,
Harvesting of winter rye begins nbcut the second ton days in August and continues into tho first ton days of Scptsnfcer,.
B, AS]dSSRercent of the total Soviet winter rye acreage ln lifi ofS percent was seeded in widely scattered acreages through-out TMlL Beat Siberian Surplus "one,
Oral--est Siberian Surplus poneA. "theoncentrated seedlngs are fcuncT in eastern' Kurgan oblast and southern Tyumen oblast-
Seeding of winter rye begins about the second ten days in AunisV"andoaitlnues into the first ten days of Octobera
Harvesting of winter rye beginsthe first ten days in Vcjust and! continues through the last ten days in August,
2. Caatral Asiatic Zone and Transcaucasia seeded onlyf winterUj
1, The UraL-^Vest Siberian Zone is surplus in spring wheats,
1
3, I'&st Siberia-Tar Zastern 2one6 percent of all ticrye init* Allegligible ;nrt ofI'intar rye was seeded in "ast Siberia,
Seeding of winter rye in East Siberia begins about the
ing oi
second tenoays in August and continues until the first ten <Uys in October,
Harvesting of winter rye in Saot Siberia begins about the riddle of August, date of liorvesting period is not available.
m
OATS
SJIpESAJl USSR seededj percent of Hie total Soviet oats acreageercent was seeded la the Southern nxport Sone,
(a) Ilorth Caucasus Region seededpercent of all tlie oats seeded in European USSR The Greater part of these seedings nan found in the valleys north of tlie.liver in Krasnodar Kray extending eastward into Stavropol Kray in the upper drainage basin of tlie Kuraa river and In Grozny oblast. Cats occurred in scattered scedinss in the western and northern ccuntieu of Rostov oblasto
Seeding of oats usually begins about the last ten day3 in larch and may continue until the middle of Lay.
Harvesting of oats usually begins about the middle of July and" continues to the end of the
(fc) South Ukraine, Crimea and Former Rumanian Territoriesercent of all the oats seeded" in European ui>s3- On the whole, oats seedings in South Ukraine were scattered-iT.epropetrovsk oblast was themportant area, There were little or no seedings in the Black Sea and Azov Sea littorals, Crimea seeded some oats in an east-west belt across tho middle areas. Some oats were also seeded in the western drainage basin cf tho Dniester river in former Rumanian territory,. Hone of these seedings was important,
Seeding of oats begins around the aiddle of Uarcli and ends around the second ten days in April,
liorvesting of oats usually begins about the middle of July "and continues into the last ten days of the month*
2<. Central Surplus Zone, lying north of the Southern Export Tone, is an iitertant oats area" which7 percent of all the oats seeded in Cuopean USSRC*
Central Agricultural (ftlack Soil) Region seededercent ol all the oats'seeded in European oSSR heaviestcu red in tlie oast in "ordov ASSR and in Penza and Tambov ot lasts. Only scattered seedings of oats were found in then River Valley Jin Voronezhut heavier seedings occurred TT'Stward in Kursk, Orel and Bryansk oblasts*
fl) Seeding of oats usually begins nboufc the last ton <kya in larch and uiy continue as late as the .uiddle of "'ay*.
arvosUn^ of oats usually bojins toward the ond of July and continues into the -aiddle of August,
(b) Ik>rthestercent of all the oato seaded' inrbG. The he-vioct seedings occurred in an irregular belt beginning in Susy oblast in the east and extending westward through southern Chehnigov, central Kiev, Vinnitsa and southern Zhitondr, Kanei-ilta-Podolsk, Tcrnpol and southern Rovno into Lvov and Volno oblasts.
Seeding of oats begins around the last ten days of [larch and ends around the first of liry.
i'erventing of oats begins about the second ten days of July and continues into the second tan days in -Xigust.
3. Volga-Ural Surplus Zone7 percent of all the oats seeded xn 'iaropean USSR In the Lower Volga Region little or ao >ata ware seeded oast of the Volga River, oo tha west side of the river 3oedlngs were scattered. In tho lliddlo Volga Region heavy aeedlngs occurred north of tho city of Saratov and in Ulamrook oblastiicr.tterod seeding, in tlie northern ;urt ofn tho Ural legion thore are scattered soedings of oats in Chkalav oblast and hoavy seeding in Bashkir AS SR.
W .Seeding of oato begins Jbout tho fir at ten days in April in tha south" 'and continuoo into the second ten days in Hay in the I'orth.
(b) 'harvesting bog ins about the second ten days in July in the south and continues nto tla -irst ten days in September in the north.
!u or^prn 3oficit Ijono0 percent of all tbe oats seeded In "European IfSSR in Gate wore ccodod con orally in varyinc Ueoreea of density" throughout the whole zone. The henriest soodincs were in the Central Industrial Region, tlieVolga Region and in "lolotov oblast.
(a) Upperegion and dotov oblast7 percent of all the outs soedodiropean USSR There were heavy ceedings in rOrov oblast, particularly in the northwestern counties. Ileavy seedings of cate also occurred in tlie lower Kama ^iver valley, "eeding of oat3 in -olotov oblast were heavy.
s:
ScadLii^ of oats begins around the second ten days in April ant: continues through tAe second ten days in .'Jay.
.larvostlnc, of oats begins in the second ten days of August and continues into the second ten days in September.
(b) Central Industrialgion is an iaportant oats producing district which soc.iod1ercent of all the outs seeded in 1'Vropoan USSR in Importantccurred in tho oblasta of Tula, nyasan, Vladimir, southeastern 'oscos and tho contral pert of Corkic. Soedings in the oblasts of Kaluga, northwestern oecon, taroslavl, Ivanovo, and Kostrcsia cere scattered.
Seeding of oats begins -bout the second ten days in April and continues through the second ten days of .ay
Harvesting begins about tho second ten days in August and continues into tho second tan days in Septoobor.
(a) Korthuesternseededercent of all the oats needed" in 'Suropoan USSR'U. laportant ceedincs occurred in western Smolensk oblast and southwestern Velikiye Uuci oblasts In other oblaata seodincs cere scattered and not important
Seeding usually begins around tho piddle of April and contlnuos"Tnto the second week of June.
Ilarvoatinc begins around tho third week in July and continues into the second week of SeptCEoer
(ft) Baltic States and Xoni^sbergercent of all tho ot.ta seededropean UCSR in Seedings were for tho aost part scattered and unlnportant.
Seeding, end
Ilarveatin$ dates are ainilar to those in tho Northwestern Regiont
(is) Russia alsoercent of all tho oats seeded intfSSS in'I?3C. laportant aocdings occurred in IJo-jilev and (ioxal oblasts in the east and Uaranovichl oblast in theiorwise acreages were scattered and unlnportant.
ceding of oats begins about the second ten days in iTand'co ntlnuos through the loot ten days in May-
April and continues tiircugh the loot ten days in .May
egins around tho taiddlo o: tdnues'first ton days of Cctobcr
fi ) ftgftsffl BBSSercent of all tlie -ate sseded In Wepean Uilt Scattered seedings were found ir; Voicetf* oblaat,
-ieodlng of oato usually begins around tho oocond ton days tS April and continues into the second ten days in June,
Harvesting of oats usually begins around ths first of Septeabcr and continues tiirough the second ten days of Soptonboiv
BB ASIATIC jBBB0 percent of the total Soviet oats acreage^ of"i2 percent was soeded in tlie Ural-.est Siberian Surplus
Siberian Surplus Zone2 percent of allseeded In Asiatic USSRd. Dense socdlngs occurred inpart of tlie Ural Region in Kurgan oblast, easternsoutheastern Sverdlovsk oblaoto as nell as in tlie adjoinlDgoblast of Tyumen. Important seedings occurred towardin Omsk and Ilovlslbirsk oblasts and in Altoy liray,
Seeding of oata begins about tho secondpril and continues into the second ten days of June,
(b) Ifaryosting of oats begins about the second ten days in Acguat and" continues to the middle of Soptenber.
arone0 percent of all 'the>dec' in Asiatic All but snail scattered acreagesin Cast Siberia,
W Seeding of oats in Cast Siberia usually begins about the second tori days of April andnto the aLcdlo of Juns,
(b) liarvesting of oato bogins about the first of Septecijjr. The end dates of harvesting aro not available.
Asiatic "one ceedodercent of all tho oatsAsiatic USSt Practically all ceedlngs occurred in Xirgis :aa.
(n) Seeding of oats usually begins about the first of April and'into the second ton days of lay,.
(b) Itarvoatlig begins about the end of July, Tho end datet of harvesting aro not available*
TABLE a
n*et available
Sourcoi itod Jjg dates aro CIA estimates basedata for winter grain publ.ahcd In Selskoe Khoiyaistgoage
I rrv is ting dates are CIA estimates baaod on winter grain data publishedtiatloal Review of USSRP,
APBOXEiATS aagXDP AND HARVSSTIN3 DATES FOR MHTEl WHEAT IHI0HS OF THE USSR
Seed'led Regions
Beginning
Ending
Ik^inning
dlng
ussa
SouUierrTErport Zonaucasua South JBlno
Septept
Octct
uly
Julyuly
Surplus Zona Contra! Agricultural Iiortr. Ulxalne
Augug
Octct
uly
ug
Vclga Surplna "one Lower Volga ddcJe "olga Easrllr ASSR
Septugug
Octct
Julyug
July
1 Attgug
Cit Zone
Tartar(Upper Volga)
Central IwtaBtrial
northern
. ia
Augug
ug n= a.
ee
Septugug n* a.ept
Julyulyuly n. a.uly
Augug
ug
nr. a,ug
U1SR
Ural-ATIct Mibortan Surplus Zone Ural
West Siberia Knwrh 3Sn
AUgugug
Septotct
Augug
Augug
a.
Asiatic Zone Uzbek
Oct
Hoy
a,.
a.
Oct
Oct
a.
a, >
appt.oxUSDDfJ AID iiaovesttsj DATES ?or sprxhj ITHEiT IH SPECIFIC
sboioss or the user
Specified Etglons
Season Peptnni nr dt "g
Saaaon iiOKinning Ending
ussa
'outhiirr Beport. Zona ISorttJ Caucasus South ino'air*
Uar
ar
Mayay
Julyuly
Julyuly
Zono 'uitral Agricultural liortt Wc*?lro
pr
"Jarsy
Julyuly
Augug
Volso :kaj lus Zono Lower TalfkT-Banblir <iSJE
pr
ay
Julyugug
Augugept
Da.*lclt Zono
Tartar A: SI (Upper Volga) Central Industrial Ifortt aeertrarn
mm* Ruiieia
AprprJaypr
JayJayunay
Augugug
1 Septug
ept
ept
usa
Siberian Surplus Zone Ural
Jest SibirTx.SB
Aprpr
Jaylayay
Augug
uly
Septepta>
SaUrlt-Kar Eastern Zone Eaatar Seat
Jaypr
un
Augug
a, n. ae
one Uabel sa KlrgJi asa
pr
Junuly
e_ n.
cas La
Uar
Jay
July
a,
vailable
Source! St edlxtatistical Eerie* of USSR,C,uoted by
OT.'S., Revised In conformityata published in Solskoe Khozynlatvoo:U
"fluteIbid,
quoted bySDA
TABLE C
"Seeding Soaaon
Af PROXIWTS SEEDXMJ AHD HAHTSSTnO DATES FOR WINTER RZS IH SPECIFIED REOIOMS OF THE USSR
"iai-seaTirg' "Reason
Soeeli'led Ragiona
USEE
SoutJisrn Export Zone Horth Caucasus South Ukraine
Soptopt
oot
ct
ul?
Julyuly
Surplus Zona oentr-al Agricultural Borth UVralno
Augug
Octct
Julyuly
July
5 Aug
Voi-ga Surplus Zona Lower Vclga IUddln Volga BasMtior AS31
Septugug
Octct
Julyug
ugug
Deficit Zono
SR (Upper Volga) Central Industrial ubrt'raeetara
Korttiort!enota
Augugugug
Septugeptugept
Julyulyuly
uguly
Augug
ug
5 Septug
US.fi
UraX-iTeft Siberian Surplus Zone Ural
Teat Sib aria
Augug
Octct
Augug
Augug
SlMrio-Far Eastern Zon* East Siloria Far Saat
Augug
Octct
ug
a, n, a.
ot mailable
Source: Sliding! Statistical Review of USra,C, Revised in
conformity rithdata, published in Selskoe lOios-yaistvo.
Hirvosting: Statistical Review of USSR, July
AI'FRQXZUITE SEEDBII ANDATES FOR OATS IM SPECIFIEDP THE USSR
Sc cel.'led Regions
Season Beginning Ending
Season beginning Filing
osa:
report Zona north i'.ou casus Pjeth tHo-sinn
Uarar
Haypr
Julyuly
Julyuly
fl Surplus Zone Oe-tra'l Apr! cultural Ucrtt Ukraine-
L!arnr
1 May
Julyuly
Augug
rfolgn Surplus Zone LracraOa Volga Bejnfctv aSSR
1 Aprpr
Mayay
xy
Julyugug
Augugept
laficlt Zone -CNL* Tartar ASSft (Upper VolgapA ontrol Indus trial thwiiatern ioztberB Jto !tuasia
prprprpr
!iayayununay
Augugeptug
Septepteptct
cssa
CralS^aE Siberian Surplus Zone Ural
ori* Kaiakh SSR
Aprprpr
Jununun
Augugug
Septept n, a.
lr Eastern Zone EastFar Gtfit
Aprpr
Junun
Sept.ug
a, n, aD
Aniatic Zona Kilgit SS11
Apr
lay
July
a.
irailabla
Source: Coolingtatistical JteTlg of USSR,uoted by WAR, BBC Rorlaod in conformityata published, in Salskoe Khozyalatyo.
[arrestingbid,uoted by OFAR, USDA.
Original document.
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