CraiBWL IBT7IJJOWC8 aflftct Offlea of roiwarcfiIWport*
PronMoael la port xo. 6
HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM RELEASE IN?
WK TUG-US' KCL ISXSmT IS MR KM*
1
tola
tmilamndne pajor. ata -nilheratn aaprawm vaaf obcaal oaly
aadta rartaioa- ifldlUaoal data or ea-Haal wild.ba aaaUafcl*sar la aaUaitad. rapert cartaiaa iaionaUoo availableX aaaavwy
i
I*
BKtOfT Of th*
in. OrsKiuUon nd
X.
ft.
b.
IV.
1.
Z.
3-
Sortet HMliiM Tool Rvk
Invonlory
Rapliwonnnt
. mthod Und lo Ooroutoft-octoatlon af
lUfMin
icpaatlx B. IMUmjior Wfl .
lie nochine tool lo tba only deriee .elioh not only prodceee otbar naefcicea bat alao reproduces lUalf. SLtoout tho nachlne tool It would ba lnpcssibl* to produoo noot of ourecoeeitSo* and luinrlea, net only tboaa prodonto
natal perta obrioualy bar* baan produoad on tha aaohln* tool but alao thee* anion In finUted fora flea no eluoi aa to tha part played by the Bad tool ln their nanafacture. iu tone-Mies, eirplanoe, Bhlpe, nlnlng eiruipnent, pelroleun oqalpnent are all nede by nachlne toola or naohlnoe nnde on aaflBlBO toole. '4 th the aid of theee toola and nachlnaa, foreeta are oonrertod to
lunber, rubber to aotcooblle tlreo, and rav ootton and wool to clothing, lavalaUon'a industriallietloo doponde in large neaaure, there/ore.
(ha national inventory of Moblne toola and tha ability to produce tie*.
1 atndy of tba fuchine-tool lnduetry giro* an Insight into tha aconcsdc stability, econcadc potontlelity, end Telnarabllltyountry aa wall ea eportflc lnfornatioa on Ita anility to produce tba nechlc* tool Itself and general lnfomatlon on Its ability to produce all uevooaij aac unary and eajdt
IT. MetcryIndnotry.
The SOTiete an felly cwaro that tb* naUon rr,ooa peine th*f sneblno toola sad tba abllitj to produce thaa has at It* disposal on* of the aara to national poaar. Stalin atouncil ef National Ecaac-cy elated
asbey (the authors of tha Dave* Flan) would hae* liked to Unit na to OP, lat na aay, of ,
cotton print, but thi* la not annua* tor as. ot only cotton print tat also tha nachlne noceeaary for ita prodaoticn. They would bars Uknd ne to Unit our production. 1st as aay, ofut this le not enough for as, for we want to produce not only autonoUlee but the aachlr.ee that will produce aotonobUes. To Changs our oouniry fron an agrarian to en ln*urtrial one, abla to produo* nacoaaary eoulpnont by it* own effort*thi* is the gist, ths basis of our general policy."
Before the Rerolutlon, Russia,onaubat prlad Live ajrrl cultural economy, had few usee for aaehine toolo. Kechloo tool* ware used priaarily la tha arsenals, railroadinlnc eiislpnent repair shops, ahlp repairJle nalntonance shops, endav netalwriang ehopo of snail laportenoe. There were aererel enall planto that aad* Binpla lathe* snd drill presaee on aore or lsssob basio, but neaS requirenenla ware filled by lsport*. It la aatlnated that prc-Bo volution nachlne building ef all blade,ng aacUne toola, scoountod forercent or total Kuerten lndnatrlal pro-duo ana.
It tha neeuag of the litt Ccejreea of the Ceanuilat Party lneaelauon was adopted to indaatrlallso the PJSt, inltiaUn; an accelerated progran of deeelopnent for nseSlea bUldire, particularly nacolnahs Seriate aaad tb* OS as thalr nodal for iadaatrlaUiaUon. although reallaisa thate necessary to isport nachlaa toola froa foreign ooaatrlea far aany years not onlyn-dlate reduction tat also for purpose* of dasics, tba Sotieta planned for ultlsata self-sufficiency in to* production of aaeuae tools, as In all lndaatrial olnas.
In th* early daya of tba fire Toar Plane the question naohine-tocl baUdlng aa an independent branch froa aaoldne
of tbe loading branches of nachlne buHding.woplee Cmndaoarlat of Wechino Tool Building, omadeodl. unltod one organisation the production of natal-out tinguttlng and near
with the orgardaauoo of the Bae-ina Tool Building Truet9 end toe tranefer ef ell aachlno-tool building plant* te it, Soriet aaenlna-tool balding doreloped rspuny into on. of tbe loadingf oachln. building. UlerT^to.
ear* trying to convertob-shop baal* to serlee production baaed upon standardisation of acdele end the specialisation or certain plantsw^ general typo of aaehine tool, such as lathes, edUlng Mahinee, and grlndera.
tools, abreairea, forging and preeB nachlnery,u-tor of plant*
related product*, lt aboat this sane Una the aaohlno-tool building plant* also trying to eenrertob-eOop bad* to eerie*buM uoon
Dwrlaa iho first and Second Pin* XMr nans, anil* the iu.ata "till -or* in ihe dsttffdacr attoapttnc to parfoet production,f nfc^oc tool! prodded In Umwar* aad* ia plants Ir.branchia of ladeatry satf. aa aviaUao, ansaaat, jmrU nacKir-c
::imirj, aod isdntrifil ccootIItos. lawi tn* lndastriaa^^
hlfltor ^ucnylantea Oalrhai aej sight *Nt th* nan gtala for th* Ilea, for ehica Owy *are rcaponabls. Mae-tool plants mm* intoh* aanufactureof nacmaa tools b; other plant* toe anarequent and or 1K1 had virtually coasad. Sow potential tor tha nanufactare of ruchlno tools In racb plant* attU ettsta, Dmw, should th* eajarcaney require lt.
doralopouts havo included th* rabudldlac of thaho erection of nevnd th* ln*tell*tloa of pow aquifnent in many of the older plants. SpeeialisBd foundHes also har* bean aot up to eupaly th* taacMno-tool Industry, and other planto Haw* specialised in nanufacturliw aoriooont part* for machine tool*tsndardiiod boal*. Th* aa* of toiwetan-oar'ald* toolln*olns otreeaod, causing onphast* to b* placed on ad in Una noeldno tool* for hlsfc-jpoed operation. Will* the BT*aUr percentage of <aoMno tool* bains ouilt in th* 0SS3 ara of th*ype Uaftes, adUina machines, enapers, drlU presses, and grtndlnaonsiderable attentionn iflwn to iho design aod production of spoolal-rurpoao whine tools and transfer machine* for pcrfornio*,operations.
In Oiaoam the DSSE ha*treatn building an lt*tocl lnduetry.arUnca hao been recognised Warocinmeat of RfrwwT, fowl, Connlesar of Mtti Tool Pull ding, a* rkputy of tte KSt Council of mmaur*. Baa as* of adenine tool* by. rMund constantly la tha dailyBeroe* of thaon- ar* nachla*-tool oparawr*. Today tbehia*-tool lcdaecry has aatarado* phase, aad for lb* first tine the ZT<2ee integrated cor* of soonalised plant*.
HI. Orftaaltatlon aad Oporatioc.
ttador the Hinlstry of Kaohln* Tool ad-ldlnc or tho USM, eitfit nam aoMnitU-aUons hars baan identified as folltn-M
Acraalros Production Forelne and Pros*lldlnc Hoary loiilne tool Industry fiichino tool Industry
Sals of Pror iilniotry of Itaehlna fool Building lUcnlno Tool Supply
Sapportdnc Industries for llaonin* Tool Bullding tool Icdaitrr
Seventy plants are totxn to bo aaooelatad <nth the Ktnietry. ardthara probably an associated. Aboutf th*acan plant* of tba
KUlatry ara produlag narhlri tools.
a. il
a*eu teacher* lareoeivod bafcr*O'a.traxnao lnau^otora BanatOo of tcrnlac oat coamtoct nclnssn ar* Cot, andaciUuaa of tan are poor, rorsias stadia* on aarjnsarlut, howawar, haaa btoa freely arallatlo, and aeay of those*ranslated law Kaonan
t.
Hit enpreprlate sntdlflcaUona te salt the prevailing Soviet colltleal beliefa. Large quantities ofechnical Journals, for ewipls, aa well aa tboeef Ota variousrade aaaodaUooa and induatrlee, an -'. dolj distributed ln thanot only to Umachoole but alao te tha librarlee of tha induotrlae, niniotrlee, and Individual plant*.
to eupplanent tha training of ite sngl nears. tha OSS, darlna;D'b and during tha war period) aant suny of IU engineers toataaatblr aa inspeotere ln tha machine-tool and other Industrial bet actually to observe the nanufacUirlng aathods uaad in the prodootlon ofquipaent. Man7 af theee en^lneero displayed theoretical knowledge tat in nearly eniry caaaack of praaUoal experience. IW of that engloeera renaLned in tbeory long and after botoe aoved fron plant to plant returned to tha tfSH and were replaced by other Soviet encineere, aaanhot on rotation. 'Alia theanof en turero in neat aaaaa ware agreeable ta havlac the Soviet* an thair prvndeee. there an ajsaaaraea Inetmceethey prevented the Soviet aaajiesva froa learning certain prodoctlon operation*, fte Soviet* profited by their stay In tba OS pi ante, however, and teat of then reternedb eeeioea ootee ef abet (bay bad aaea.
Before earldha technical publication- ef the KMaade up nsinly of erUolea tranalatad from foreieD publication and otter vent ao far aa te credit tha ertiole to tbe OS or Brltlah poblioatlon In ttich lt originally appaared. Of late, however, articlea by Soviet taobnicleno bave been foaurndi Articles and thaeo talked In foreign teohnleal public atJ ons era naanod avidly by the technics! aad factory workers Mho ara pendetad to aee then, aod thaao workere ere encouraged to adapt te tbalr own parclaular mi< anytnsthndfl thua learned. If successful, they nay ba honored by being nanadtaUtanevlta (shock worker) or even attain the ratine of llaro of the Soviethus obtaining tbe righto and privileges that sceonpeny thane retdngifif the revolt* no obtained are subsequently published ln the nawvpapers and in tbe tocbnioal Journala and frequently are lined in the USSR equivalnnt of of the "OrId. * In eany ouch ceeee, ineraaaad produoUon reeulte.
M part of the vifr.cnttoa for greater production throughoutK, workere abo have Meed their production above tbalr nemo and hava Utrodaeed StakSienovl te aatbodo la tbalr own factcrise often are aant to othero denoaatrat* Ibeae new aaOioda. Great atridaa are bains aade, bat such mi in to ba done. It la alcnificant thnt the aaoont of tee. mi eal litaretare on aachlne tools in Hue dan la rapidly laeroaaUc.
Bat aaapaica tor indaatrial edocetton. intensified alnee Uarld War II, baa bean confrooted alto the profalaBi of converting tbe paaaant free aa agricultural to an induatrlal warier and of inealeatiaj binride for whine and factoryto bla feeling for land and anLaala. ln oentraat to eoch indue trial coentriaa aa the BS, Switaorland, and Geraany,sehanlc keepa hla aacMns elaac aad in good working condition, tha Soviet* do not take any ouoh oare of Uunr equlpnrat. lioraover, since the Soviet nashine-tool indue try ia oaly la ita infaney, there is bo tradlUoa of eklll to ba Mndad dotai froa father te eon. Is tba OS aaaMne-teol plants, for etawspla, many ope rations requiring cofUloarable hand skill ara Jealously seerded and paeaed on froa feneration to generation. Siia alao ia tree in Swltaerlead la the nanufseVjre of flno-quality predialoc ncchinery. In tbe, on the other hand, hereditary skills snd pridesmpliohttent in neobanlcal arte ara rare, tha bdO'.hiI" being placed an fulfilling noma and ejootos,
- b
Another problea ln lnprovlng technical tldll ia tha leak ofoxparlance In tbe oaae of Soviet eoglnoera. In centrist te the OS,often serve an apprenticeshiplant, learning the work
fron the ground ap, Soviet graduate* uaually are startedlant ln so snscutlva position of aaalBt*nt foreman, acting; aa auparviaorapartswwit.
esult, they ham lltti* opportunity toirsthand knowledge ef Uiaand laachlnea. There alao ia the fear, aa in other oriental countries, that they any lone face if they aarfora atinual tanks. In tern, thia utilisation af engineering graduates ln executive poeltlcas twits the adrencnaeat of cananla workere. arther difficulty ia that neny of tha political hacks appointed to admLnlatratlva poetttoas hare no technical background.
Despite these prebleas conneetad elth technical inprevvennt, tha Soviets undoubtedly ara attaining scan Ocovledg* la tba nancfeetore of nachlM tools. Sewer, the acdem flaiahed prodent ableb. ln eentrast with ths three- or four- thoua and th toleranceenerstlon age, noe recrulras tolerances ofoe tenthsboasandtb, and lt lo difficult to believe that tho present generation of takefrlni its ln the USSR will be able tn oo-ipete with the aaehlnlst* eoployod lnachine-tool plants.
h. pevaloTPent.
co*ad when nacesaary. Those voxklng drawings, ho-ovar, ptoportiaa of the sanistrtes or of thair reaearoh division*. Only rarely Way nado available tonter! ns to WMohi-^
Um types of nachlaa tools bailt in tbo OStR op until thesof tbe crudaat variety. Host of tha lathes, for ewnple, ware lDcaoable ofhread and did notuilt-in lead sorew. In thes, at leap ta ware aada te nodoralaa tbe types ef nKhlne tecla being produead,ariety ef aae andele ware brought eat dtring that period, in^orperating aoao of the aore andern forelen inprovomnts. "erolgo nanafecterere ware reyairea te eubnii with BmIt nacMne tools not only operating nanoals bet In many cases da tai lad assaably drawings on the grounds that the vnchlnes snipped te the
- available to the reotertea to which th* each In ca were onlpped. Besserch lnatltutioo* thua bad tha baalo draKing* cm which they could aUrt their andorn-leaUcn prograns for their own machine toola. la nany case* these institutions have gone eo far aa ta adopt the nan* of the foreign assnfacttrers. es sat technical publication, for ensnpla, photograph* ware shownewly (MSlgnod aaohlna which appesrs to bs alnoat sn aaact copy of tha OS-nndonilllng nachln*. Another esnnplo la the nanufactare of opeolal prodootlon anchlneo ilealgnari to drill, roan, and tapholes of such lt*n* aa autoaoblle or tractor cylinder blocks, al though conaldarable earnaaia Coring tb* postwar period bas been pieced ggoi increased urodus Uon ef this type ofearch through tho currant Uteratere pubUabad by the Sovlcta hag failed to re teal auch infornaUon on original designs or nee dsvelo
ha
IXirlng the postwar period, aoAsldsrebla otiphaalB has been plsoed oo the use of carbida tooling, with resulting lnoreasea ln the spaed of cutting, Stskhanovitea vcvo have thus increased the speed* cn their sachines have been given coencry-wlue publicity, and all factory worker* base beea encoaragad ts oo likewlae. Attention baa been given te Um Incorporating of eddlUeBal horaspovor notors ao that mora snipe em bs ranovad. The Soviet factory workers ware lata ln discovering tho ratio of boreepower to the eublo Inches of natal renoved per minute. In the BS lt vaa found necessary to redaslgn nany of the <aschlnr tools (by "beeHn; theno take care of Um increased horeepewnr. straseee, and wear that aceeaprny the uaa of carbida tools. Only bow la lt hoooning asparant that ln tha tBSM the ecoelerated depreclaUea of soviettool* daa te the uaaafo of carbide tooling iserlooo problem.
Ihe Ministry of Machine Tool Building haa on dor its Jurisdiction several research inetltutes which sro charged with Um developnsnt and design of new types eftools. Although the engineering Ceoaroasnte of SS acc'lne-tool plants constantly are forced, through coapstltlen, te redesign and iaprava their sktcbUM toala, in tba OSS* there is ths bandeneyesign, once approved by the Kl nit try of Machine Tool Building and allocated te ona or vera factories for production, te becone frown to that psrtioolar nodal.* Often the ueora of the awmhlne toola have little or nothing te aay about the type of naehlna which ie allocate; snd wr.lch eoastlao* nay cot Bait tbe work Involved. Although the CV*
Tor his^-Bfoao"outanfi, designs era only nodltlsd.
probably will continue to boin ttM&iiiix ivaehine toola. In receat year* th* mrober ofof tho various type* of nachino tools baa increased* 2 there wore only it? differeut types and aiioe of nacftim toola* but0 Plan filled for tb* productionjpa-aaaaa.
3* Input
Matertalo required to nenufneturo ruxcMa* toola lnB inoludo principally caat Iron, ateel, and cxallar rjuanUtio* or copper, load, and other noaierrcM -total*. In addition toertain oooemnonta ouch aa antifrictionlectric notora,rivend.dpera aro needed. e current eattneted rat* of production tho follovine Tt-Ueriel* or oortpononta0 vare rocuircdr
Xnpnt ltoqulre*iant* for tho Soviot Kaohino Tool Indoatry
Material or
Stool and Caatr-atric*wnettle fene
tattfrlotiooUnlto
Electric Controle andKoraepovor
Bait* andtouid* of Hubter
Ittoon oeli/viUid oleo-Cvere that tha nachlne-tool Industry of tho US require* ton thaercent or tbo otool output, it$ percent of tha notor^ and alao trie control*oraopouar andercent of tho antifriction boarinsot
Oi* input raguirmot* above ara notith reapect to thoirll xivxlability in tba OSSU Th* only input item which ia inportod by tbo Soviets la motor* ehine*-tool ooe, houevar, synthetic rubber la aatiefactorv,
Iho labor input for tba maintenance of tb* enrrant level of output ia balloted to ba bia>. ;fc* plant-by-plant total of Soviot riannower employed in iiiaUUaticoe pivo^ina; machine tool* la oa Una todorUora, Tho US,ecejlojud only0 -forkorc to produce tbo nana nunbar of units,nt* in tho OSCJt ara know to engage in auch ivi^cellaneoes production aa agricul biral spore parts to an extent not undertaken ln tb*owered output pur worker la indicated and lc on index of thocton*-tcol induotry'a'ffiolenoT1.
XV* AveilabilititOo
1.
0 it Id eaUwtod, aa tho result of aamrvev* that tfco nachine-tooln tb* 0SS8$ unit* (pin* or nanusercent)* Of theeo unite,W>iMtod aa being apaclal-purpsari nncJiine toola and tb*eral-purpos*, 0 Plan calledO ^nor^-parpoM0 epecia> and mauiwpoa*r ft total ofQ0 unit** Tha USSfl therefore hao aubatanUally
*hova tb* taethod uaod to coarjute Soviet prediction of naehlnoiet* tba nachlne-tool planto in tha *SSl uith eettstttod proAioticn of each aa of
fnl tilled0 production goal forunlto bat Hu failed te attain the |oel for eeecial-pnrpoeo units. For tbe poatanr period, Soriet predaotLon of socnlne toola, baaedreJeoUcci, la astianted aa fblloasi
Estimated Soriet Prodceticj. of KaOiine Toola Poetaar Period
coo
Boa one projection and tha plant-by-nlentna taa aro la relatively cloee egreemot. Tale rate of prodactloc coeperee fercreoly na tho CS and the CI, each of Mblsh currently prodacoa at the rata of0ools -
apcraxtaatslyercent of eorreot Soriet occblne-tool prodactloo ia carried on In plante under the rttnlatry of Machine Tool The proda of nsshlso tools before aOrld Ver TJ ana largely andar the Ccasrlaeari at for Heavy Mechin* Bull ding, responsible for CO percent af prodaoUon. Thaa Over* Is an lnoreaainc trend toaerd tbs centralisation of production ondar tha Nlnletry of Machine Tool Buildins. as for Eoogrepnical concentration, an estinatedoeroent of current prcdueUon takea place in the Oantral Industrial Region.
So plan of machine-tool production by eaUgorles has been published by lbs DSSa. Tho pattern of PS prodnction ln iShS, hoasvar, is es followei
CS Keehlae Tool5
Category
of Totalc
hanMnery
M
and1 Constmctico
lUchlaery
Indtairy Hachinery
lnd-_atrial Ej.tlpnacl
snd Store Rechloary
nd Sarnce Eonipnent
F-julpramt
Fart* and .obUng
and Ordnanco
Vehicles and Parte Naohlnary
r, raft and aircraft Parts Hachinery
r^julpaant
Metal Products
ttschanisas
parfcrned byperpoae nacr.inea any be accoanllanad one* lt can be done only nth loaared eXnolency.
T. Sovlat Wachlna tool Perk.
1. Inventory.
elttoogh large osonats of anchlne toola obtained through reparMJata aore alcnlfloant in ths postwar reoovnry of Soviet Industry, they were receivod in such
Jf bo abated, kino.part of th. Soviet invoowry. the full afrvouiencas of thismat be qualified, Mace neon of th.
heavy toll,f the epocioT unllanot roadll?
""^
tstribuMcn lad to ablpaeat* of oqeinnont tot was not aeo&d. OO unite were received by the US9 tlaroughronl?to to. Tolay Soviet production
period and enabled total loans, of Inventory to be belTnt onlyanils, thus Lend Lease eejiipnent, together nth enatantled nan-in* tools, forand the auelene of Indus tri a! rehabilitation.
aaa soviet sHsssdne-teol park enrranUy la ohcednc cp, of beccrda- an Increasing seerne ef dlfflcoltj. . larrcper ltihrtcatiec sodewer technical afcilitie. of the avorag. nachlne operator, ii .sssais of Stokhaneviasn, aad inadequate supplies of eatable replacenont parts far the large percentage of foreign nami nnry in operation (esuaeted at overercent of total inventory) hava accelerated depreciation, aaoanae of those .actors end hoc suae th* Soviet* operate thair eqclpr-nt longer andomated stato than does the OS, the repleoensnt of thoil*-tOOl inventory tdU oonstne SB ever-lncre**ina "hara of new production.
inventory of nachlne tools run fron n
low ofnit* tostimate lands by VosnaDanaky, Tb*
aroroWnatol, corr^U In
eonpsrlaon,v toe OS hod an esUsntod inventoryachlna tool*.
2. Buplaceiont Parts.
Obtaining naehino-toel replacaraent part* haeroblaei in xm GSM
preoscel lo th.aa not proceeded eneotfaly in the poetwr period, ortonriva effort te oUaataavOne equlpBont he* bad oneaUona""
a further diffleultj- in the profaior. ol replsoooani part* tan one-half of tho present Soviet eacaine-toel pork Is oatlMtsd as toolsacquired through lnrorts. Land lease,
although fronQ'm throne* too Inod Usee period th* Soviets often lnileled that oonplotnof replecanent parte bo providedeach foreign aachlno tool, the sajor por Uoo of the larRe nunber of tools acquired throngh reparations did net Include ruplaoaoent parts.
The proolaa of Keeping ln operation the esdeUng aachlaa tools in tba " met difficult, particularly etoeaing parte for tba Icoubtocs of different foreign ankes. Sena af tha repreeenUUte Tees ef repleeonant parte required by the Soaista for nsneine tools of foreign aaaa erail ova;
a. Bearings, bell, roller, needle, plain, epoeisl all.
Oaarsi spar, helical, herringbone (either so alngl* gears or as
hardened end ground, spoclel alley etoels, ceee-tMrdaned,or spliaad.
eereas.
and centers.
beduayai harduned andand fcreiwa.
elW.
aotorc and controls.
Speelel screw, bolts, and bushings.
y -
v*Ue aoaa of theeesc be produced by the Soviets, tha arepeclalieedit is neceaaary te order thea diroetly fron th* foreign nenufaeturer or to eacnanilise froa alstlar nskas la tbo tOSB.
The proolaa of spare parts In ths CSSB is eapected to aasoaa iaereaeinaly acuu aad any result in ccnaldaraaZe contracUan ef tbe total inventory of
appehci 1
cthtctf. 3qvikt troecctiok of sjicfflkb tools
too bathed osad to arrive at on over-all obtanata of soviet crcdueuan was prinarily to study oaoh nacnina-tool inatauatdco. savors! omouwit reports on the aore inpartant plant* woro available, end prlteirorbtlnaa worn invaluable. theso interrogation reports proved more noefoltadr ot the whine-tool indue try than for other flalds or for oaoh
of tha industry. int production individual plants. plan pc-al fnlfillnent riguroa woro dotornironc the level of porfenvneo. in sons cosot,roduction figure to he arrived at which could to cenparnd directly with known producticct data. frequsntly, no produotiaa infonsatlon fron prioonura of war waa aval labia, and tho entlnntearticular plant's output bocaoa highly eub3actlvo. in order to srrlvo at an seagate in ouch
articular plant, tha nunbar of workers, the jnraantage of raie figures, the physical condition ot the plant, supply oondluooe, and especially tbe type of unit in production wore used to relate the plant to another plant whoso production night be know. in dbterednlag tbo types of unite belnc produced, translations of soviet periodloala and oataloas ware tha prinelpal source* of laxcrnatlon.
the total prodneuon figure was eianincd ln the light of ita hiatajicel probablll ly, abcnit whichromau.cn lo available. the prbduotioo figure alao was axsnlned with reference to ran goals. hie ovor-all plan fulfillnont figuro was reasonably consistent.
am he*
P
Ifff
Ills gill
iiii*
>
I
ii!
PI s
3*
ill 5'
I
H
Ij
lfllfll!nl 1 Sif
iiaiS]JJ3iili]iii
" sis -
i
riddle
ha
lulbjshet
ftoree-cuttlnf. latbt,
ree-cuttinj; la tha,6 ihraaj^llllbf aachUoa, sods i. kl,
.-rl ice-all hag eacfcleos,d*
nlta athaa7 target] also produoee tractor parte.
building dent ja uk a
hanerachlaen
unitsorterei alao eal aircraft.dairy sa pa rotors.
oear abcblae llnat ML laalasaratov
oear-cvttlbc aachlbea drill nreeees
units aoloraasnder oonntrac-
(plan) tlononoantretlai onnite catting aaohlaaeor tba first sco unite halfutout li tines higher
than in similar oerlcdi out out tripled5 and aadaonstruction in orocress.
Kiel
m
IS
jillfi
if;
i
lj
I
ill
21
l!
b
fl
5-8
ihnlm {ill
la
ISi
Si!-
k
t;iii;l| us si Jgi}fi|fl
LSI
ill IfflSM
sit i!JjJi.
11
38 B
ilfii'iii'fL?
I <= i
tin
lJl
hill
|
if
It
mi
f
s
Inn
a 1
*9
3JI
i
S 1
I I
3
l
Original document.
Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic: