Terrorism Review jgf
Anti-US Ttrrof ism in Liiin America
has become in established political lool (or iiorganizations in Latin America and it
mere* I , . - 5 nterna-licaaali locidcnu ta Latin America reached an ill-time highnl antt-US incidents rose nearly JO percentitaekj against US targets have been more violent tineein Chile. Peru, and Bolivia. Among nearly all of ibe left at indigenous groupa, (be Galfbat became
a rationale lo attack US interests, probably in port to rip"oil ibe current media focus on interna lions! ier-roritnt
Tbe Rrfioaal TerroAit Picture
AMi-LS icfiorrti incident* rKicatod substantially ia number and sorrily0 in both Chile arid Peru and, since Ihe beginning of lhe Gulf war, hate continued to mount. Colombia'i anti-US attack* de> Cleared substantial';ut tbii declinemore (ban otlieiuck* ua Chile. Calianbiia insurgentscrroriil campaign(bis year, however, tnd many of lhe attack* have been directed at (he partially US-owitod oil industry. Bolivia had dote to ihe same number of inti-US terrorist niacin ('ewer0 aiut (he mo-siaKack on tbe US Marine guard residenceo lhe moat lethal, killing one Bolivian guard ami seriously injuring another.
Tbe threat to US intereal* remaira high in Central America, especially fromna It. "dl equipped terromtome olspecially Haiti and the Dominican Republic, alto have weak (crroritt organizations chat >ould probably attempt low-levd attack*S intereal* if iSey could obtain tbe -capom and fundi io - -in activities Several unaII. previously unknown lerroriK otgt nil* twos began operationjttacking US intetuutimes last year.
Cuif-Rrlatrd Terrorism la Latin America
More iztanercent of0 aniicoalitton terrorist incident* (hat have occurred aincc theof theccurred in Latin Arnerica. Alt of (hem appear to but been carried out by indigenous groupa. parity attemptinghe cm rent public allcniion on lhe Golf Crisis foe tbeir own agenda* Terrorism against US inleteau hai climbed t'ejdily since the beginning of tbe war. and several of lhe incident) in Pern and Chile have beenesulting ia focr deatbs and nerrrtcrctui irja-rics No Americans have yet been killed, bail Ibe threat lo US ciorcn is growing, especially in Peru. Chile. Bolivia, and Honduras,
Cbik
Chile bad Ibe greases: number of terroristui US largess i; lhe world0 Moil of these attack* werebombings, probablyore to intimidate ihan to injure. In November, however, the Manuel Rodriguez. Puristic Front/Dis-tidcnia (FTMR/D)ttacks (haim led more lethal anti-US lerroristbombestaurant thai injured eight people, three of them US sailors,ooth concealedoft bail bat that killed one Canadian and injured twoaasy officials. Oobe tameuckedUS Embassy Marine security guard armored van wiih an antitank rocket and automatic weapon* fire, seriously injuring ooe Marine. Inreaponsibility. theaie! it -illo targci US and Chilean interest* until il "achieves victor* or dies.'
In all. US interests -err at luted nearly '0 lime* in Chile infront9 and ITargetsneJudad Mormon churches. US-con-nected bank* md other US ccencnerciil irtcrcala. bursiliorul centers, aad caacitl US Gcnernmeni inter, esu
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Tkptn 2
International Incidents In LatinV*)
government's cr?octi*cncss a: vttsrjbaiiag future terrorism- -domestic otlarge-I, on ui ebitk) to tvitel e? tie cocEtertenorom capabilities of the police force tn lie wake ofcorporation of CMe'i centra!aicncy. tie National Information Centernto Army Intelligence Of tbe numerous seesrity forces Pteal-deni Ay.-in inherited from lhe Pinochet regime, the former CNI had the moti effective counterterroritm intelligence capability
Mrs mil ion. Pinochet placed CNI personnel andunder Army auspices in order to enhance bu control of interna)fur^tioni through bit poaition at Arm> chsef.
e. rjise corning to office iaas teduced Amy in-orvesttcat in domestic security, granticg greater etasnu.-terroeura response btlxica to the National Police Force (Canbineroa de Chile) Although the National Police has an cicallent reputationradiuocal law enforccetent entity, the service arjll be ucable to ptovide meaniof fuluntil it becomes more poncient at penetrating terrorist cells acd acalyiiog the inieJiif ence ilThe escapeefore Ayl win's inauiuralioD. ofonvicted terrotiiu. tome of whom have claimed respontibilily for the most Spec-tacular and violent tenorisi attacks in recent Chilean history, bas further complicated lhebility to conuol terrorism
IT
Peru
International terrorist incident* in Peru have in-createdr the pati teveral yean and are likely to remain highendero Lunlnow and tbe Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movementhe two primary Peruvianore than doubled the number of arm-US9
Middle Easi-(elated terrorist incidents bare occurred moreeru than tlacwhcre in Latin America almost eieiuii-elj ai the hands of MRTA.declared "war" on ide United Stales in mid-January because of io Gulf activities Betweenanuary andebruary, coalition interests were attackedimes. MRTA has probably beenforf ihotc attacks 1
For the most part. MRTA's earlier anti-USdesigned to asoidoutof on the weekend, for eta tuple, or kepi tolow level of violence. In recent months,have been conducted wiih the expresskill or maimwith little regard for
collateral casualtiesovember. MRTAomb dose to ibe US Ambassador's house and rprayed bit borne with automatic weapons fire, barelyindow of tbe dining room in which the Ambassador watinner party Policea second bomb at the tame site Since (ben. MRTA haa included tbe US Esnbatsy. tbe US Am-batsador't borne. Kentucky Fried Chickenthe Peruvian/US Bittauonal Center, and the JorgeIntenvattonal Airport in significant attacks thateft al taut four Peruvians dead and many others injured '
The increased publicity MRTA actions haveappears to be leading rival Sendero Luminoeo insurgent! to seek equal notoriety '
Peru: The Shining Path *n4 Tupoi Amaru (MRTA)
The Sende'O Lumlnoso {Shining Pah) lerroriil orga-ni;ailon and ihe Tupac Amaru RevolutionaryiMRTAI or* both engaged in an armed gsrugglt ihji employi Wtorlimrimary looJ. Botheento aitack US tintenjfacilities.
Simdtrt Uminaia (Shining Path)
Founded ia lha Ute IViOi by Ab.moel Guiman and began operation!0: in an unusual millure ofist-Maottt-Gu:ma*ihat Iixtreme that ii tonsiders Sovieti Red Chinese, and nearly ell other Latin Amt'itan groups too far la ihe 'igki
Strength tittmatti rartfeard-core membertnumbers af port-time andSupporters.
Supporii intlf by extortion from companies, bank roiienei. and ties lo 'he drug trade.
Probably receives no outiide Kate supporl. although thereumber of Sendero support organ, ;at.omj In Europe, ihe United States, and other parti of Latin Amenta
Tupac Amaru(MRTA)
foundednd beganevVI later;lassit Marxisi-Leniniii troop lha'Che Guevarea
Chiefly on urban group.
ombatants are members.
Supports Ustlf vrilh extortion, kidnapping, ond
bank robberies.
h the urban
capabilities thai MRTAand has not iraditiottsily targeted US initials ai cilcasrvely as
received external support from Cuba. Libya, and Nicaragua
Boll-It: The CHPZ, the Zatatt Willka
Aimed Liberation forces Xante Willka
robably el the University of San Andrei In La Pag.
Urban based
Mere than half us airataj Since it began operations have beta against US targets.
Probably no more than WO members
The Meliae Paz Zaataea Cammiiiee (CSPZ)
anion in0
- Espouses classic Marxist-Leni'ist revolutionary philosophy
Associates itietf-tih the defunct XettonalArmy of Bolivia.
Recent information indicates ihat CMPZ receives aid from Tupac Amaru (MRTA) in Peru.
Strongly anti-United Slates.
Strength une-io-i
Resource constraints, intelligence limitations,corruptnvt. ind iDicrterrice ri>alr> limit the (ovcmirKKt't coanimerrorisin cScctfesos. Thefenpprove ihis yearefcts*udicial reform propoul (hii President femr. prorrused since his fleet oncould help Stop Use "rcvolxng door' terrorists toe ioloag prisonyet to be implemented.
Botirta
Anti-US lerronim in Bolivia is sporadic bul hard hitting and will probably increasehe neit few yean at factor, such at continued economic itagna-Uon and the US-backed counter narcotics program come into ptiy.ew low-level incidents during the ftrst parthe0 attack againii the US Marine residence and the John F. Kennedy memorial In La Pat by ibe Nestor Pa* Zamoriuntil ibis attack-underscored ibe continuing threat io US intercsis.
Colombian Insurgent Groups
Salrado
Liberation A'my (ELN)
Began operations
Rural-based Marxist-Leninist guerrilla group.
Extremely anti-US and opposed to foreigninvolved in resource development, especially ell.
- Anti-US attacks are mostly against oil facilities and personnel.
Has received arms and training from Cuba and Nicaragua.
Estimated combat.
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARO
Established6 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party.
Tits io Cuba.
Tiesrug traffickers.
Has engaged in kidnapping of foreigners for ransom and isolated bombings of US businesses.
The largest guerrilla groupCO combatants.
The Farabundo Marti National Liberation Float
(FMLN)
Formed
Cuban backed with tloie lies to Sicoragvan
umbrella organisation composed of Ave leftist groups:
Central American Workers' Revolutionary Pany (PRTQ.
People's Revolutionary Army (ERP).
Farabundo Mani Popular Liberation Forces (FPP.
Armed Forces of Rational Resistance (FARN).
Communist Party of El Salvador's Armed Forces ofUberaiion (FAL).
Terrorist activities include bombings,economic sabotage, end arson.
ombatants.
tnd killtdlaSme
group remains active.
Original document.
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