1
bv our specialist* in India for examplelinks wiih units of military physiuanS; -nics-iV disease*he collegium witif said thaVwe need to galvanize theore .nsl.tu.csVing the- research topicsh*ndVrint articlesphysicianshinl Zrnals andld.s. of do's andor .he delation. There musihygiene measures.
cultivation of the grusind heresimtlye seel orinspected penodivaily by -orkefv of the SIS jvjniury epidemiologicalhe high ollisials ul SnidJu-si and ihr oblast know about thethey sayhe cat* map this nnnrr ul thvarkeded cross
VvbatesHSeeiw* No.f
Cemeterv. what is il that evoke* fear in ihis vers slay"
Astrakhan, uionomou*ttention to the despite ihc adverse is completely mysti* niers iom it not only the plague ius disease* from animals.
lagueearth-nil isis from is disease* Rostov.
Anere musi be uni accurate informal*
fit ics !pa
The fact thaiuryev, andocialist Republic do not siaie of (heir antiplaguc epidemic forecast in these fymg If properlyeferring could (and shoo from spreading, buieing transmuted to hjJnans by
None of this can bjaput off umil epidemic du] notjKni oui afteruake only ihankdHo ihe joint effortsaratov's Mihrg#insiiiuie. Armenian infect specialists, arjgririeir colleagues from Vol
and St
aaTthe collegiumhoughtecently: Some young boysfn viieks haidarbage comau ar uanmg out.ery peetty pscture.ad seen long ago. after the war, and had csprsied lo see
Consequence* of9 Sierdlosk Anlhraxlored
/.VIUM lC.VO.Vr/ra
Mkt sn
(Annie ia two insiallmenis b* Sergey Parfcnov. "The Secret of ihereprinted from iheKODINA Nn J.
ITesi) There are several ssmeienc* in ihe cily. Rut hangingver onethem.
national curve. .
Nn. this place iv still filled wuhspeciallydas lai*ipic wander thruugh 'he lanesates are sdeaiJncased
ineyeserswherv rite.
Itui nnhiidy is (lurrying to Sector No.erc,ule, there arc mi people,nmher silence prevail* Thi're are durcnvv Many have Been forgotua and rK-glcsled. and ihey areothing is taken out oi nvre (oiil wreath* and dry amirass lor cvample, are hurned) and any digging or
Thr Official Vrrvum
he morning9 in ChkaJo**kty Rayon in Svcrdtovifc (not far fromh military compound where ihe laboratories of the Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines of ihc USSR Ministry of Defense itome incomprehensible things started io happen The iclephone* in theid service would not Stop ringing* Alludden, for no apparent reason, people were becoming disabled and weak, iheir temperature* shot up lo abovedegreeshey had boat' of coughing and vommng The pat-emstaken io cily hospnal No.of them from home and some of ihem right otT ihe ureci Soon ihere were no empty beds there (the only ueaimeni facility could takend the* began io send the afflicted (wiihbod> knew yell lo the neighboring hospital.
r.ovna llenko ihc head physician of ciiv hospnalayv
"Ten years agociuallv did notospnal. we lived and worked In crowded conditions.lood of panems was guile uneiprcied and we sent some of ihem to ihend alludden ihe headVakov losifovich Klipmiscr. called me from there.
'"Listen. I'.cnko we had iwo of "youis" die on
as taken aback-
"Thc diagnosis""
""Seemed io be pncumoaia ."
a shor. period of lim* lhe phone rang again It was
Rlipnitser:
Three
"'Margaritamtateore have died"
"From what'
"Time pneunmni:i
word olrukeweat FutavemlongevF and ilhat tirnv there were no complications, nom surerained medie is well awarcnt'icic fail ilui pneuniiinu iv prasKaltylaid *nd here we had an j
-aere Jvmg
from pulmonary hemorrhage
Approved for Releaw,
SOMFI LMON
!l
then ii dawned nnmi this -j. some kind ut' in lett nil!..
"Hm -hai kind'
Koraa (jvtjiil. Use head ofof hospital No it. recalls
"Al seniora. on dull that terrible ni|hl. The. kept bringing people in. There -ai nowhereut ihcm.-ehad to put them in the corridor* Someofihetn
felt better afler first aid tried loome The. -ere later found on ihepeople aad km conwiosrsncsi And ihereroblem in the building
hadoman -atrought her backife *nh moiiih-io-mouih resuscitation To no ai ail. (hiring ihe nighi we had four peopleouldil untilat frightened...
Il wasthe air infection, infection, inteeiionarei. uand on her feet She had ihree small children anj she herself -at still .oung-thc -anted to live Hu: this feelingittle later, and for no- her head -as splitting into pieces: What was happening, whs were people d> ing. how could they nop it? By the lime Ml llcnkotame mm Ihe reception room. Ganycsa waseats Her roundt-ereightmare In ihe -ards the deadng altematedL.
M.I. llenko
nderstood whs the personnel were inooked ai awat as good as dead. Butruu. before he died he looked at the doctor ealml. asth.^fwthinhadRappened.aWwugiial1the patient'srom torne-here on hit back) -at-ithual spotsome-ii later there wjt blond in his throat and he -as
ayswoke upanthras! The situaiion had changedmedical vers >ces in the city were put to -orksersKC. 'cte'mjrs ver-
sues fire department! military irrsicev enterprises and organizationsrdto.sk Thee the siihjeii of largc-.ijlc iniestigations in ihe oblavi and upper ti he kins uf power Highly plated leaders ufinistry .it Health, including the country's chiefphssnian I* N. Hurgatrn. |ame ha the C'nk
Ihe medical -inkers ol hospitalsndit were gi.cn an order io move all patterns micCled with anihras to ciij clinnul hospitalhe infectious diseases faeiluy The colleen vet were to begin *acci-natmg ihe population and dceoniaminaiinj the areaa.on
Ihe people -ere mu>ed All the patientsnder the constant wtutin. of medKal personnel, the bestn the ohljst. Hut .Ihey continued iodic.
i dahlia AVkseycvna Laths henkor ling It .hie: nt the wtoct tor svrs mJH ItmhtOlks-si:
"tkhat wasyie .tiu-aiion iiself surrounding Ihe outbreak ul jruhu. People -ere nertinis and did nut understand things set)here was 1 - innuendoes, pan*.. ul he tragedies ol farmlone had ha burs no less than hi desrased Thes -et. ma nt. midd'. aged men. ."
In spue of the minimal amount of information, rumors about the emergency spread rapidlyrdto.sl
Wnnctscs to these centi remember that April -HI. the atmosphere of -dd lear among ;he popolaiiun. ihe panic, the man. alarming rumor, (righto ihe pom:ngihat IT brokeoui" in themilitary compound and dragged the poisonkalo.vki. Ruyoni People ined noi lo eai meat, sausage, or frank-funert.idcd going out of the house, the, locked up thend donas, and the.heir eon-tacis with one another The local newspapers puhlrthcd eiplanators articles -ith recommendation, on ho- io proieei oneself from anthras
Bui man> people did not believe the official vvrston And with some justification Thus when patients would come to ens hospital Nohes were asked il they had an.thirg to do -ith ihem.litar.imned (roup of Sscrdlo.sk trvdcai. moreess thai behind ihe strong arm. fenceecret scientific subdi. ition they -ere doing work related to the sat'cine. Is this nut -here the mysterious disease came from?
According to ihe figures of the militar. ttiefllists. "th. caille belonging to the citi/en Pere-aki. f'omlUjenntkts ta assertski. Rason fell Jl -Hh anthras and matt death of animals began he'e at ihe end mi
MarchThit. the? said, wat Ihe viurcemtllw traced;.
Buihe hitch. From ihe statistics that were given for thr spreaduitcand.hat thrt 'plague" has aHMed li.clock and passed humans, -ashai inOTi it hit ut so velccii.el* and fiercely There ts no an.-er.
IncidenialU. here ishe head .late .eiennar. in.pc.mrrdlo.skia*sa* the has beenin ihi.
tM man. .cat. andcr.^esial-
isll
"when we foundnnul thend ihe diagnosis thai had been giien.ntiiii'ilial.'l. put our people to -otk. conducted careful Irseartfa. and dtsl hundreds ol anal.se. ol ihe wmL fresK *twl airI shall be briefWant find an. sourer ol Use disease or casise ofur"
FAlMHf VIION7
Hereast thai draw, -iui atienmin In pfavlHoBi all of (he dosuments arUaln aadoils.in the .latementsi'.eii in. militar.S.
sad events9 in Sverdlovsk.arc always references, quotations, and figures from the article of. Bcideneahnykh. Nikiforov, "An Epidemiological Analysis of Anthrax inrimed inf ZHURNaL MIKROBIOLOG1J.MMUNOBIOLOGHnd this practically the main argument of theof the official version of the outbreak.
But lei us reread this article.
"The sporadic cases of anthrax in humans in one of the rayons of Sverdlovsk were preceded by an outbreak of anthrax among agricultural animals on certainhe animals were probably infected through feeds.
"In March-April therearked increase in the slaughter of cattle on certain farms and the meal was told on the outskirts of the cny through private business. Moreover, one cannot rule out the possibility of the sale by the private sector of meat from animals that had to be
Thisrief commentary.
In ihe first place, for such serious scientists who are drawing far-reaching conclusions (the infection of humans with anthrax occurred through the meal of domesticrguments like "probably" and "it cannot be ruled out" are hardly acceptable.
In the second place, one would have to be completely ignorant of the rural way of life and the psychology of the land-owning peasant to assert thai in Match-April he could decide to cruelly kill all of his domestic livestock. Never! In the country livestock arc slaughtered in the autumn, when the first really cold weather comes, and then in the middle of the winter, bul always keeping in mind that the herd mult reproduce itself and there can be no losses.
We quote further:
'The distribution ul the victims according to the dales of their illncsi. taking into account the duration of tbe incubation period,ossible io rule oui the possibilityen ion through meat which was centrally provided for the public food supply. If that hadone could expect outbreaks of the disease.
"From meat taken for examination from two families in where there were victims we isolated the pathogenic organism for anlhrax. In both cases ihe meat was bought from private individuals at unofficial marks and the strains of Ihe pathogenic organism of anthrax isolated from the meal were the same as the strains isolated from the afflicted
And what docs ihis prove? In the opinion.nykh. Nikiforov, it proiri that the infected meat was the cause of the infection of the humans.
Yuri* Miknayluvich liusev. the director of (heplant for ceramic items.
now thai there is Ihis version: The workers suffered because of meat bought from privateit was really purchased by an cnicr-rive in an organitcd way. This is not so. Inf the holiday we actually did acquire some meat from the Kadmkoeskiy iovkhor in Syscrtskiy Rayon. Weong-standing and good relations with this farm and the collective helps the sovkhor. especially in harvesting the crop.an tell you with complete Certainty thai the meat was insr-citcd by the veterinary service1 andump, ihat is. their conclusion was positive
"We musi look for the source of ihe dtscjvc somewhere else. And ihe cause as well. Because at thai ume the plant losi more lhanof h( workers. And this was in
Specialists go on to write:
ndividual cases of anthrai among humanseen registered, and there were skill and intestinal forms of the infection. Theature of the illness was confirmed by the results of laboratory examinations of Ihe humans and the animals."
What do ihey mean by "individualeven-icnihs of our deaths (according u> incomplete data, the Vos-tochnaya cemetery is noi ihe only place where they areabout thai?
And why do the authors name onl> two forms ofAnthrax in humans is manifested in three main clinical forms: dermal, pulmonary, and intestinal. The intestinal form appear*esult of eating the meat of ill animals. The derma! form the causative agent entersoint where the skin has been injured, mainly on exposed pans of the body (lace. neck, fingcrx. forearms) We admit thai bolh of them "oveurrvd" in ihe spring
But why did Bcfdcneshntkh andm ccn mention ihe pulmonar* form of theerhaps there were no cases ofhne were, andrc convinced of this b> the evidence fmm medical workers of hospitals No.nd
The problem is apparently that with the pulmonary form ihe infection is aerogeme when Ihe patH-ni is working with man-rials infected wnh spores n'the anthrax bacilli. The disease progresses follo".'iiig the pattern of serious bronchial pneumonia. Is this not the riddle of ihe strange tragedyn order to fall ill this way. to put it crudely, younhale something, thai is. microbes lhal are in the air in "impended" furm*
onversationformer docent of the facull* nlanalunw of the Sverdlovsk Mcdnal Inshluio
"Inaxi ps-osnm >in the* axledome and work in" .isi.itrioliitiii.il anatomist.cniembeisadini
I-OOI
"(Iikcwas ilw end of ihesiiungntan was0 un and on Monday he had alread> dud Ihey avVcd mesammc him: They unla >er* comnlK-Jied and iiR-om prehensile div
ease..
"All right. We did an autopsy, line wa* struck hy the inieslisuilw lymph nodes and the lungs.lso ruid aiu-mum to ihr hemorrhagic inflammation ol the cNephati ando-callcdWnn themas simitarnthrat Unl both the iliniciiin* and thi- inlestiusis diseasewhopresent hud their doubts: Cno-igh about this jnthras.inished with lhat long ago
ersthiag vlean in ihere ihere no .niestH.n* anywhere' Andsrvmeone admitted Irust ions hjd hven given tuard, they were "ailing tor patients, sn ihere was something.
"We asskiaVdacteriological investigation, vailed IN- department tor esneeialls -ianarrou* infect-oaihc uNiti samurs^pidemtologicBl station, and sent the hody there. The mtcruwopiC scalons were filled with anlhcis microbes! Andk oil'..
"It turned nui thai in hospital Nohere had been an outbreak and several death* from pulmorvary infecnoni. Hut liegnu-us was diflereni: pneumonia. They sent an appeal to ihe chief of ihe oblast publicnd ihc pathological anatomist* and itmrt medical ei peril were all told lhal ihis was indeed ainhras We believed this and Started our hellish
"Ml lhe pes-ple who were infected were taken toho*piialuh each suspiciousn other region* of the silyould go lo ihc location immediately. To be safe, during iheays ihe medical personnel took antibi-irf.es W* had toery large number ofamw for sure there were ar hod e*
v> liai happened later, after ihc outbreak hadn>|uered'* Something that was unique in all reipects. In Iheodical circles (with the knowledge. Kurgawts) ihey decided "while the case was still hot"repareonograph (and in 5vrtdlo**k| Weandulaic'i dissertation about this ca*e.nith mi; was Levh Cinnberg. win-was ivoikuigiit thai nineniliiilngH'al anaionusi in ths' lubeisvlovi* huspiial
"We gathered the nwtenaK and wentwm Led another |onj weeks im ii there, and ihen wrote it. We Mihere. including XII orolorhe on ii phii(ii jl pic lure was very rich Hut we never heardre about Ihr monograph Idiwenalinnl'asu> ps* paper* iN.sK the ctstcrgrae* aeetI at lhe ilolkin llovpoill and in Sveidl-wk ai ilie oblasl seminar lor raih.-Jog-sall* Hut huh time* ai ihe tosteard: ilw .ir ran Yemenis are cameled, anthrtisinded a'n.-iwnvi-iHv
ave Uftmementu" uf ihusr day* angilt from lhelis|*otkoiiirommillce] and lhe conviction thai theof thepril Ma.
aerugvnK."
A Virus From the Us-parimrnt
Comment* fnwn Marfan uUnlo
"No. that was no*m aanvsperieneed medic, lhejw hadandons I'luv there wjvSpeed withhs* diseaseivsvetv weI vremv In kh lhal ilm-eeobe grown underfi-c1
am very sorry that ths*as vupprevwd li.-ni the very beginning, li would hjv* hvenvoid manyncnrn-vl actions, and
The head phy*irian ofeveanh Inviiiuie (br Protection Maiemuy and Chudbood. famara Fcdor-ovna Kircycva:
"We rcceised lists of people in the rayon from winch we are categorically forbiddendmit obtiesnes pahenis They look from utospital No.nd through medical channel*earned lhat pai-enti from ihc rune' wentwiih pulmonary
Whai were these lists? Thereurprising pattern: An especially large number of ihe names were ol" Btsaagf brought in frotn S'rrdlovskaya (lbrtadion. oaya. LyachiWifiJ. Poldnevaya. Voyennava. And agm-nomicheskayare sneaking about huspiial. Why? If you lookmp of the ciiv* Ml difficultote: all these geographical points arc tn ihe SOUlh ofh military compound* Of the enterprises of the rayon, workers of the ceramic Hems (nail suileevd especially.
The people recall: The wind during ih* first day* of9 blew mainly from lhe north to llir voulh-
Oncheisaryof lhat sear there was what was perhaps an unpreccdcoiedverdlovsk Ihvsollcsliveof ihc sector for mililary epidenuulogi |SVE) OUtihe suuciural subdivision* ot ihe Scwntifie Kewareliof Microbiology of Ihs' USSR MimMr* of0 on the nasi* of Use sstcniilVs' fescarvh inuituic of* ol lhal samethe iloor* of iheir lahnrainry ta risdiaov Inviieil in visit ihe military seirmi'l* nttniimpound were USSR 1'eopte'*. Slimoiyev. llir first weretars of the Necrdkiesk ran*mnnHeeepres-rniali<*e* of ihc ravoateniisish>*
t the irvSKnd pminolislv Ihere -a> anhe heretolurevlavMtWd ta.ihiy jndun* ci-iiletviive And. ot ssvurse. the eiinveiMition tnuchidbein* "t
llJvl
JI'KN-lkl'iliar. IVMI
campleskf,J
"Whai i* the tCCtUf Cm niihur* epidemiology and -haisoda*""
i sectora scarmifit icvcarvh institution ofMinistry ofnwriol Ik* rti*" f Technicalicni.lV.protectionsmean* and methods ol disinfection ol heequipment nd vanou. militaryandn o
human, fromaerosoev and also mean, of tabid discover) of harmfulhc ensimn fflMI also conduct research and viudy ol the mcch-intsm ol biotogieal damage iouipmenl. lhalhc ini-lsnnkc of .ariou*io-CKia-sms on Ih.i -material*aiurc there arc alsohat arc compatible *nh icch-nology -hieh dcsiro. metal and puuict.."
w cal-atviyihc Ulllll iJ ihe tcvcnib .hanged mitiiafy and pot.ikalhes this wort nol superfluous
naioli.h 'Kesearsh in ihis areavoduetesla fuaJesternlihoufh UMahoototte* huldu.ir.al on.-s. And .iyou loot, at ihe regulations ol the armed forces of these counuves. as hetotc ihey rniuM measures loral protection so
.1hecardcsHicss forio hall ih.s
-orl unilaterally.
rdUi.tk still lint. ijlfcl outbreak of anihras in ihe springo theof thelocated on ihe lerr.tor. of ihemilitary compound.tan you say about this*
opinion is profoundly mistaken The rumois thai made iheir -as around ihe City in ihe spring of I'Momethat -as .opposed io have ocron-cd on Ihc icmistfy of our insmution and ihehe eau*alue agent of anthras inio the environment had no real ground. Manils he.auseVVf had anything-nh the miiheealv In our laKjfaU-ses ihetr simpl.nn sut.xian.rvorhnhheh.nk thisvon hivamve.the mjj.ifHv of pcuplc arc more inclined to believe in certain lantaslu- ih.ngseal amihc vers unusual and iragrhenfutrails uVmanded euualb unusual .snd sensational causes The regimen nl vesrevv ami lhe itouinous depanmenul interests also plavevi mm tatsgfl tufc her.-
a. beI iha. ihissuhyr-iagain now .anelv he explained bystenceleriain Coups and individualsare irvmg tn gam resofinitm and popula'il.ltitude to-aid thehe eonimumiv Ihisritruciive
And sn the speswbsis of lhear.logv asscn Ihe divharav uf anlhia. vauxati.rfnrni ibe ivr.txrs ot theilarv .omp-mml newi happened ai all. nor -as Ihere an. kind ol nuibreak
Vev there -errthe
Ihroughihcs.niivaiions.vlciu.lorcvaiiiplethe wcior and prior to ihai ihc ssicnnli. fs-sear.lj HtMi-loie engaged in ihe dcclopmenl ofl the lUfFlTr ol vaconcsheroops and populaisonumber olnfections. Rui -here ihs-re it athere are al-iiiainv of vuulcni euliurescausanse agenis sshkh -erehe laboraioitcs Including anihras
This is not ihe only distsnbingg ISu-.n,sif the oulbreak medural -orl-ervile.ili-t' Most of the CK-oole -ho sutlcrcd from il -ere meniheonference, ineidenially. -orkers ul lhehcv .laiistks Durmg in* ernergeno un akssssSSSt let!f theseprreenimener^eni -en men, One child -as also atllivied
Rut -hai does all this tell us"of all il tell. u. atussst ibe strangeof the Jiseave liihc aduti mosina am-ifhe age group trom"ear,. imamlvs Mo- ones one rsplam alll> by iheai sav. on lhalay un.nspe.ied meatughim to sett ai ihe crt.rn.es*us thai broke out raisdoml, orgrammed-
Look. Considerable forcespaiclied in .lean up after ihc outbreak Thu -as already discussed brh-iis aboveddn-tn ihey moc-ii/eO llhererwais. no otber -ay vo put it) to ibe region u*rmei automotive transportation enu-rprisci ihe en.erv.ee. stuuem* of the Sserdlo.sk Medical In-tituie. andforth and to on. In ihe region .rfh nuliiar. vompound people rns.msamples ln son*he fomicrcolUciiie gardens hch.nd ihe .vranihA rla.uremoved ibe upper soil layer. Certain mc-ci*v-crede- Uye* ofBr roof*.largei*o.
M.I. Menko
the. began topcvut uduti-ui eservvslsere (sshsrh -a* .wendedl the remh* anilva. atenisl.iiun.>ine**
-as ihe mailed Medical evpvnsb.nnme Of the mas. -orkniesl.n* ih,-ravnn. .he acre-ol.he ^a-
iWJ been boned And no-n ra.vcJ up mi-again. The* undersianclable rnviispettnip
1
the fatal "dusi"fccied ihe mucous membrane of the upper respirators iracis and ihe iunp Bronchial pneumonia was the lethal
ssl Ihe Ihmd ih* Price of Life
(ine question wilt not lease me in pease uVns did (he military susMenls become to communicalitc*Of course Unity one has in deal with public opinion L'SSRDeputyHuibulu showed an intrtrsi inini lf> tears agordVo>tk But the mam thing is thai in tutts)ector changed oser to economic aisountahiliis It could deliver nutrient medium to lab-<xalone*ontractual ban* conduct ibe most com-pii.jiid chemical analyses foe medical espets. sierilire insirumcnts andngage in subiect research, intduii *ta> leriolugical certificationeonoil ctutngnalAfter all iheas esiuipmem ti>ilian lahnratones tould neter dream ot
Hat ihn icsiuircs partners one musi hate an irrepeoadV ahle businett reputation, and in all matters one must pmfess nm only adtaniagcand commercial gain but alto honeslt and confideace This it probably one of ihe luteins wht they held theconference inh military compound in February.
Hut neither before rnra* ihere ant iiinlidciti thai the development of eventsthe spring -lproceeded precisely the way throffUtjI sersionor eaample. the mituary clearly hini thai the emergent vas on the conscience ol thekvthe sanitary epidemiological stjuon and ithesauw iheti thoughltcititrtt and carelessness that ihcjntht.it sin .ad
Well in the spring ufn the outskirts ol Sterol*.tU in Syscrtta.it Rayon, case* of infectiondomestic taitli with anthrai -ere registered Hul II is iquallt probable that this osiibreah eoinctdcd in ume within of the Scientific Research InsiiluteV amies and ibis was subsequently used by the military departmentits own alibi.
The author by no means tlaims ihai his jwdgmeni- .r> final And it would be premature and irresponsible in saihe leaV lodraw basis andt IheV 'iiihrji" il Sterdlotsk had iu ihcui one was nt jnoiiisrinu- ihe Soviet iili/en has nucrriainit thai Ibe itUolllia-lion gitenim from iJIkuI sowrso aid ibe VIM department* i* objective and reliable lumnVs" Ihv fateofthc Aral. (hrrnobsl. iheimd> lunrtM-neglectedhe Tranuauiacuv the Hmid) April in Tbilisi And where is Ih* guarantee tbaiare not sitting on another bomb today
Original document.
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