GENERAL- OPERATIONAL - SPECIFIC- RETURN OF PBSUCCESS DOCUMENTS (W/ATTACHMENTS)

Created: 3/26/1954

OCR scan of the original document, errors are possible

unclassified

and record sheet Pfl^Jj

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REVIEWSANITIZED

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ABSTRACT

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I li wav ni uo'

iwicrv 'in Cfi si raimi

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049

4

_ rom : Chief of Mission,L, J

SUBJECT: cperat ional

Return of PBSUCCESS Documents

The documents *hlch wereT ho use of John l, Goodbourne

were carried by Goodbourne when ho returned4 for personal deliveryit

Headquarters, with the single exception orthc document which accompanies this dispatch. uollcate copy of thiB document, mode available by tioodboume, is being retained in the files of this Mission.

C.'en

4

ncl nsile

vie ACVAKCS CF IHTKRNATIOHAL COMHBNISK IK GUATEMALA

TableCop tan-ce

- Tha International Cossmmist Conspiracy

on tbo Growth of Communist Power in Ccmtnanlst Penetration of Guatemalan Institutions

1,. The Government Politioal Structure labor The Agrarian Progran Public Information

and Contacts

from Guatemala to Centers of International Communism

of International Communists to Guatemala

T. The Growth of Communist Power in Guatemala through Mass Organirations

Gua tear Ion links with tho USSR through Mass Grupo Saknrrn deacrttorja JpTvCgP

(Saker-Ti Group of young Artists and Writers} 30 Allanaa de In Juveotud Eamocratica deIG (Alliance of Democratic Youth of Guatemala}

versity

wnOB*)

International Association of Democratic LawyersCuatemltoca do Joristas nomocratlcog -Association of Democratic lawyers}

B. The Soviet-sponsored World Peace Movement

U Latin American Participation in the World Peace Movement

Participation in the World Peace Chronology of Peace Meetings

Communist Subversion of Social and Cultural MovementsTwo Case Histories P. Chronology of Communist Penetration is Guatemala G. Communist Penetration of Czechoslovakia and Guatemala Glossary of Organizations

THK AOTAflCR Cf* COtaiJNISrl IN GUATSJIALA

Porowordi The International Corjiunlot Conspiracy

Tbs CVxsmuilst reverent In Guatenala Is part of the world coveatnt of CooFimlst Partlao. Each of the points tosntioned below Is concretely Illustrated In the case of Guatenala, as Indicated In the collection of studies ae so riiled under this covor.

Doth In doctrine and in tactics, the costainist isovement is Essentially this novecentonspiracy, global in character, and the creation of the Soviet novernnent of Russia, "anile stations of Its world-uide character hare always been prssentj only sone tlnee the labels change. Tbe so-called dissolution of the Condntorn organisation no more die solved the Soviet-directed conspiracy thanhange in the noneocal Ccor-unlet Party.

There haa never been the slightest relaxation of Soviet Russia's control of the Coocamist international nor eaent. Soee tines the acre apparent agenciee for this control will vary to meet changing situations throughout the world. That Is why soviet-controlled international organisations such as tho World Federation of Trade Unions are today infinitely more dangerous than the Ccwdnforsu Soviet objectives remain the boss and the heart and tbe bead of the international conspiracy remain In Moscow.

The nature of Connunlet infiltration within the free countries of the world followe an easily dlscernabla pattern. Doopite cone variations adopted to moot apecific local conditions, all Coosunlst Parties follow this sans general pattern In seeking to capture and subvert free social Institutions and denocratic governasnts. Vhether they operate openly or clandestinely, they are an Integral part of the world-vide Cocnunlst effort. The prinary sisslon of Ccesainlst Parties, snd all their subsidiary organizations. Is the political, social, economic and paychologicalof anti-Connuniat states and coalitions. They adopt any method and exploit any sattor how contradictory those say be to Con rain! at ideology or to conditions within Coonnnist-controlledto achieve thie mission,

Cccrurds-tB claim certain Ideologies, but in no nation cf tho world, least of all those under Ccarrunlets ajority of tho people ever freely accepted those ideologies. The small political elite which is found to be all*poworfulolumnist state has achieved tills domination only because of carefully conceived and cleverly executed tactics and techniques in the face of Ineffective opposition. In all free countries of the world, the Corrsmistr. aro today seeking to gain popular

support not through pushing thoir own platform, butpousing non-Camunist ideas. Communism, thus disguised, strives to make people believe that Comiunism stands for the abolition of things that are bad. Whatever may beation, thoood so that they will abolish tho trouble. Cocnunieta no en Ideology Isreed for small rdlltant and power-hungry groups. Communist successes stem largely from the effective application of their operational techniques.

These Communist operational techniques are designed to effect the pneatest degree of control overst important elements necessary to achieve political controlountry. It is not necessary to achieve strength in numbers. at is necessary for then le to ba able to control and manipulate inay tbat their Influence Is assured and opposition effectively neutralized. This program can be carried out in soanner that those who have the cost to lose actually be core tools of Corarainist intriguethrough ignorance, lazinessooire to toy to. use Coonunist support for their own temporary advantage. Communist Parties in all countries have been taught to exploit these situations. This ls as true in Iran, for instance, as it is true in Prance, or Iceland, or Guatenala. The pattern which Coeraunlst Parties are following today is also the sano general pattern which the Conmunists found so successful In Czechoslovakia.

How do Cceramist Parties function as organizational woopona? There Is the tight organization of the Party hierarchy itself with its snail cora of elite leaders trained by Soviet Cceramists and dedicated to the practice of those techniques which Moscow has learned can lead to power. Intelligence nets and systems are set up to service the necessarily clandestineof Party and overall Soviet activities and to produce knowledge of thewho would oppose or who do not follow. areful program of infiltration and penetration is undertaken with particular emphasis on rival organizations and on those agencies, institutions or groups concerned with security, propaganda, labor,ew well-placed Communists sight be effective either in controlling and influencing or in neutralizing those who are many times more numerous than the Party's actual followers. Finally, the Coreaunlst Parties eat up organizations, frequently with international connections, designed to vakB direct contact with tba masses. Such organizations deal with Labor, farmers, education, defense, veterans, women, youth, culture, public relations, propaganda, and, lately, even "peace." Given sufficient free dan In which to operate and faced with ineffective opposition, Coanunist organizational and operational techniques will confuse and corruptation can be brought under effectivecontrol.

The snail core of elite loaders at the heartoonunist Party will be found traveling frequentlyo scow and their return te their own country generally heralds an acceleration or shift in local Party tactics and line. Their names will appear ln the interlocking directorate of Party functionaris who are also sponsors of the myriad organizations which the Party pushes. Tt nenetration and infiltration by Connunista into rival organizations and

selected national agendas becoms evident through their efforts to force policy and personnel changes, nullify antl-Coianunlst opposition and strengthen pro-Ccrnmmist capabilities. It is as an organizational weapon applying operational techniquesoccunist "arty hides its oan platform and conceals its drive for power. Comunista seek power through tho exploitation of any issue and tho discontents of any group. But it is not the solutions of these things thoy either want orareay to power for the Connunlst elite who would further the objectives of soviet foreign

pohcy

S5

* co'ti'Mst pckkr in gu'-tt'/la

Tiio penetration and colr.urc of ijidependent gcverraionts by agonti- of tho intonuitional Ocean utlst conspinioyoccgnizablo pattor.l. The effectiveness of tho Communist technique hao been dramatically 1'preensd upon tlio world in historic cooob ooch ao tbat of Too Cantur&et plan, discernible in many countries of the world not. yot within the patter of Soviet Russia, in basically sinplei to selzo pororeries of steps that lead directly and progressively to this These *tepj include gaining control of organized labor; asserting direction ovor political partioa and coalitions} colzure of key government openaios throughthe poser of tho state oan be directed to the ends of the cons-iimeyi the capture or eroaticr. of propaganda facilities; end the neutralisation and eventual destruction of anti-eeenuniat oppositions

The coBEunist plan is floc3blo ln its application. It exploits every opportunity afforded by the oolneldorwo of short-range Cocaunlet objectives with the objectives of local non-Comaunlot political and social eleawnts-Unfoi'-tnatolyp the naeking of Comm unlet intent behindpopular novments soecticee leads sincere con-Cam unlets to scoff at those rho point out that the icplBoablo Caaauniat purpose ls eventual destructionl oproatt:.on to Soviet no-Id domination.

In Guatemala the pattern of international Communist penetration io uojaintakable to ell iho hove oyos to see. International t'omunlot tutors appeared at the launching of tho labor novonont in Ouatemala,, Today organized labor in that country Is under the control af thoiren who tra today avowed Cost.mists and whoso nacoa are among the best known of all the public fidureE in Guatemala. This handful of dedicated men, banded together in conspiratorial eocrscy for years, have now forged an open Ceomunist Party which has eaorged with astonishing rapidity es the moot virilo and f3 ouriohlng of the four allied political parties controlling the Government of Guatemala* These can also domlnato the most potent social, political and economic program of the GovernmentAgrarianbey haveowerful propaganda apparatus; they have fostorec innocont-appearirc yojth, womcna* and cultural crgaolzatiena to echo their propaganda, to recruit and train workors for tea no recent and to establish further links with tho interlocking world Cosounist network; and thay hoverowing number ei" other Government

labor

The organizations which -noro to incubate the Ccmmunint movement in Guatemala were launched in tho porlod Just following4 ova. throw* ofco-?onca dictatorship, eachers' ssreoietion and c railwayiiens1

BBtaal bajuejfit

ii'iiofrlt aocioty Ttoro tranaformsd into the country's first laborndLh ether fledgling union3 wore incorporated into tho first nationalr federation, thoodo Gu.vtoi-.aIftin5

Tho seeds of the future Guatemalan Conniunlst Party were initially planted viith tho In oatablinhing and carrying forward 'ibis organization it was nocoooary to drarr on advisers on labor organisation which Guatemala wh unable to provideo Those who cane forward tiers not fron "Aeeternbut largely Central Atnaricans who had had easociatioas withhe principal foreign group consisted of Salvadoran exiles, including Miguel MAHHOZ,alvadoran Coramuniat who is stillth tho local labor movooentj Ilex and Abelrtlnes, brothers exiled fron SI Salvador2 for Communist activities, the latter of whon is nowember of the Political Comnittoo of the professedlyPartido de la Rovolucion Guateaaltecand Virgiliortember of the Communist Partido Guatacalteco del Trabaja (PGT) Political Corcaiittoeo Thoy wore Joined by Antonio OVANDOeader of tho pre^Ublco Guatemalan Communist Party whoeriodocoa spent several years in Jail in Guateaala under Ubico, and who Is new an officer of the Confedorccion iJonoral dn Trabajadorus de Guat8iw.landfOtOEZANb' Fon-wndez^ tho laborTanyef" nho huT^cr-kGd withBAHDO Toledano in Waxicoo

Those parsonsj who had had labor union organizing experience in ether countries, nerved as tho advisors to the young CTG, in which they quickly established en indoctrination school called the Escueia Claridad, with Abel Cuenca as direct or<> Its- ostensible purpose was to train laborTeaders, but lte Ccnmunist orientation soon became obviouso (Ovando Sanchez was quoted0 as saying that he had begun to i'om tho Corn unlet Party in tho Escueia Clarldade) e school had the close support of theclone STF.QS but its Communist orientation alarmed tho SALT railway union and certain other unions with the resultactional fight split the CTG0 Tho and other unions withdrew to form the Fedoracion Slndjcal dciGuatfeaalgnnd during tiie same nbnth'the 'Escueia Clnrioad tIbs shut down by tho Government ae in violation of Articlof tho Constitution, ctliCh forbids "political organizationsoreign or International chsractor"o

t'c&nwhile. at the time the labor organizations won? being crcatodpevolutionary political parties were fonaod to support thecandidacy of Dr* Arevaloj tho "studentsrente Popular idbortadovnd tho-otoachorasnovacioa Kaclonsl Vneso two fusedo form tho Partidoo'X'jr.i'.oria'fiH) but later TritJldrow leaving the three parties inoiEffluniat and Cocnucist-orientcd fiiuraa exerted an influence in the indoctrination of those political organize" fcienr in their fint years. Anong such persona worehe lilcnstguon Cc-munist; Jtlguol Angela Salvadoran ComcuTiHt; Podrc GcciVi'oyosta iiican Cciraunict figure: and RcJjertocturafjd free Chile*

J.st

Tiie Ccnrnunist doctrines taugit by the Sscuola Claridad aid by the CoETunist-orientedros in the country took rootroup ofui te jroBDB OwtctwUna who years later foraed the Political Cecaitteo of the Guatenulan Ccccuniot pr.rty; Jose fonuol FCRTUNY,Law student and radio broaUcaBters Benvirdo ALVARADO Monson, Alfredo O'CRM Borges, and Carlos Rcro VALIE, who wore atudonta at tho time ot4ictor Manuel OUTIKRJGV'. and Mario 5ILVA Jonana, young school-teachers. Carlos UanuolJose Albertorinter, aid Antonioailor, sere in thoir aid-twenties.

Itt took three years aftor the4 Revolution for thl* group to crystallineermanent Conmunlot organization operating cl amies tinoly within tho nrevolutionary" political movement, and ocren yearsor the Partido Comunlcta do Ouatonala (PCG) to emerge aa tho sole and recognizee. StaUniet-CcrsauniEt party of ths country. At first one grout, led by Fortuny, wae active within the leftist Administration parties, particularly the l'artido Acclon(PAR). Fortuny waa twice acting Secretary General and' other', of1 his group obrained olncos or. the Executive Corcdttoor.

lioantine, another group led by Gutierrez and consisting cf perrons aouo-cifltjd with the Escueia Clsrldad gradually oaco to docinat? tho labor novo-sent- Kith tho withdrawal of the SAWF froa the CTG and tha fcreation of the FSG inha teachers union STEG remained as tne cost militant union within the CTO and wmo to dcnlnate it. Gutierrez rose rapidly fron the STEG Fjcocutive Coaaitteo to the STEQ Secretary Oenaralahip and to the Secretary Generalship of the CTG. That organization retained its original affiliation vithrld Federation of Trade Unions (WT"J) and the CTAL when the great uestern labor federations withdraw fron the forsor ou tbo grounds it wasoins too0

The Fodoraclon Sindlcal de Guatemalahich had left tho CTO In opposition to tho Ccoiuiilst Escuala Claridad, came under the leadership of Manual PINTOailroad nan, and Jose Alberto Cerdozaoade.-of tho Conounletnd gradually returned to the Cocnunlst viewpoint.ociteeCNUS) was fecwawj to lay the foundationsm unified labor fednration., c the FSG affiliated withU and the OTAL, and in1 it waa finally re-absorbed intc tho CTO to fern tho presont cola labor fedoraticn cf Guateucla, the Confecoroclon General dc Treba^adorop de Guatemalander co-aplete CoT-niuiist. dorination,

Curing tho years Vie CTG end FSG were veering towardinal ncrgor, thereurther large influx of Cccnunist visitors fron abroad to help advance tho idoolcgical end organizational eapacitioa of the localAmong the were Cesar GCOO'f Urrutia, loader of tho Chilean Camunict Farty,

v.i3 eat-

who Caaej firstablo MFRUDA, the Chilean Communist post} Edufii-ddirginia BRAVO Lehilean Ceesunlst teacher} Bins-f the Cuban Cocmunlat Party, Roborto UOHRKA, Brazilian Coca on 1st in the CTAL; Lola Enrlquo DELANO, Chilean Com unlet; SJxto TEItiAIElSZ Bozoel, Mexican; Vicente SAF.KZ, Coata fticanj lianuol MORA Valvei-de, Conta Riecn Communistnd Vjeonto LOMBARDO Toladano, tho powerful Mexican prc Corr-uniot labor leader.

Loula SA ILIA NT, Secretary Oeneral of the international Coamuniet-controlled *TTU, and Vicente Loabardo Toledano of the CTAL attended an internaMonal conference of tho Communist-controlled land and Air Transport Workers in Guatemaland worked with tho local labor loodoro for the achievement of labor unity o The plans of these two foreign Cerzsuniat leadors came to fruition the following October, with the fomnl organisation of tha present Confederaclon General ds Trahajadores do Ouavenalnombardo Toledano returned to Guatemala to deliver the principal nddrooeea at the two open sessions of the organizational oongreaso Victor Usnuel Qutlerres who was oleoted Seoretary General of the CO TO as expected, atated in blc speech on Octoberhat the formation of tho central labor organization was the direct rooult of tho visits of Lombardo Toledano and Louis SalUant In toy of that year and the fulfillment of the desire of the >T" for labor unity as expressed in its previous assembly In Bucharest* The organizaing congresoesolution thanking Jose ISorera, Cuban socrotary of the CTAL for bio "valuable work in our country ln which he put all of his experience and his great ability at tho service of the unity of the Qusteiralnn workers0* Morera had spent most of tho time betwoen liny and Octobor1 in organizing the

COTOe

Tbe CGfO held lte Second National Congr-eaa4 In Guatemala City. It was attended by Gulseppe Cescdoi, Italian, and Rafael Avila, ropresontatlvoe cf tho WFTU# end Antonio Csbrero, Mnxiean, of thehe Congress was cpened with tho reading of the following telegrams

"Moscow, 0SSR-, The Central Council of the Soviet Trade Unions fraternally groats the Congress of the Confederation of Workers of Guatemala. We wish tho Congi-oss success in Its work for the ultinato lmprcvoaent of tho conditions of life and labor of the workers ot Chratemala and for the strengthening of friendship and peace amcng ail peoples.. President of tho Central Council of Soviet Trade unions,Shvarnlk",,

Tlio CGTC is to all intents and purposes under the control of the Political Cccaltteo of the Partido Guatcoaltoco dol Trabajohe Coom-inlat party of Guatemala, y positions in the CGTO are all held byoombors* ember of the POT Political Ccc-mlttcc and the head of We POT Central Co=aittce's Labor Union Commission, ia its Sociotary General., Jose Alberto Cnrdoza, also of tho POT Political Committee, i* First Vice Secretary General- Carina linuolnother POT Political

Ccrflittoo

Corn ittee noabor, io tho principalcrot:.ry for Ichor disputes of th* COOT, Virgilio Guerra, tcsbor of fis POT Political OcaaLvtee, la Ssrrc'uiry ofoaar Uontenogro Paniagua, saaber of POT and deputy in Congress,ecretary of Labor Pisputon; Antonio OvandolcV tltx: Coeraunlat and saab-jr3 io Secretary cf lawn an: Hasol-jtio,u; tax Salazar, member of POT, Is Seorotary of Rural tforltersose Luis Ra-ioe, aonbor of POT, io an additional Secretary or the CGVi,

With tha exceptionery few independent local Ufdone,f> represents all organized industrial, trancportatlon, and conaeroialn Guatemala, end has very considerable strength in agricultural BDTfcrBe unions. Its strength is estimated atlgur* which cenpares significantly with t'.is totalotes oast in tte last consressionol elections io Guatamala and with the total of AIJ^OXJ votes oast in0 oresidcrrtial elections,,

T.iore has been no oorioua challengo to the Consiuniat leadership ef organised labor la Guatemala clone Gutierrez and hie group, id th the aid of Cces.rniot advisers fronojuaed control. hort-lived revolt latt ynor against Cceinunltt control In the large railway workers union was readily pot down, and its leader apparently forced out of tbe adadniatration political party9 Partido ce lo Revoluciony Alfonso Soloiz.ino, Abel Cuenca and Roberto Aivarado Puentes. Ininy labor federation under the dorignstian Union de TrebaiadoresTL)md, and challenged Gutierrez to Justify hia international com unlet affiliations. Gutierrez did not even deLjm to respond, and in4 the leaders of the OWL -wre srrestod by fee police and reportedlyfrca Guatoaala without any charges being placed againet then.

Allied with the COT0rganization uf snail fi.ra.or3 and tenusta callci the Confedoracion Kaoional de CampcaJnos de Guatavlatd by Leonardo Castilloomar sea col teeoher and associate of Outier.-ez in tho teechors union STF;J^ Castillo Floras hnc attendsl Boatings of ths WFTU in Europe, und the CKCO is affiliated with both the nTTD and CTAI, G aonsiftontly prcciai-cs lte soildarity with tio COTO oa Comuniat-linendpeach to We CGTG Congress inaloras declarwl that "although neav wieh to see the two oentsol laborof Guatemala divided, talc will not htppwi for there la already tootweetho lea dare and betwasn tho rank and file o' bothe are eoniincod that the vorklng olaes is our gir;do% than endorsing thoaory that rural Libor ahould.be led by urban workers.

RiiRolutiiona adopted b^ tha GJW andonsistently support tte "peaceolidarity ritli tho WrTU fud CTAL, end cppoiiitiea toin tho intcnatj.onal field; in rtnssai'li affaire their rcsolulieas esnvwaaisc

the nsod for rapid realisation cf agrariannd fint uoity with theecotore spnriast "iatorrentiox'u Theae thenes parcllol tioso expreu.-cfi by thef-', part;-,

NCTtTJOU. PAK CK

POLITICAL PATSIES

Although Jocu Manual Fortuny, Secretary General of tho Coraarnlh'. Partido Gunt-*alti>co dol Trabajo (FGT) hae admitted tliot tho party ins fouriel onho oxie tenor of any Contuidct or;:uu iBtion who coalednd practically oil of thoaoh tie POT today were until thon active in tho PAR, FPL, or SN- Gutierre* resigned free, the PAK9 and eeveral months laterurxistarty aaXled Partido Rovoluoionarlo Cororo de Guatemala (Pfcxi). i ten othcro resigned fraa the PAR0 andnnkly Cenawiiet weekly nowiipaaer entitled Octubroo Onho first ennivert*ar> ofargo publlo meeting tos hole attended by the principal political load&r! of Guatonala to hoar Fortuny formally launch the Fartido Cceualsta do Guatesala., In Kovecber Gutierres attended tho WFTU Congress inoing on to noacos. Upon hie return to Guatezv-.la in2 he announsei tiie dissolution of the PRCO and advised its mannerslio* bin into Fortune's PCG. This obvious manifests tier, of thoesires wan con-fiiEied by the appearanoe on2 in the Coolnfera nenspeparasting Peace,eople's Dcac*>raoyn, published in Bucharest, of an article onapaper':OotubreE

2 Fortuny end other noefcerr of the PCG ver? reported aa participating in the Administration's political cenforenacs along with reprcs'iitstires of the other parti03. At the sane tine thereurther upsurge of contacts with tho international Cocnunlst movcueot. SLai Recap Juec liirinello and Salvador Aguirro of the Cuban Ccoxaunint Party vioitod Gueteaulao kario Sllvamber of the PCG Political Cosnitteo, left for Moscow end the preliminary iioetirg of the Asiatic and PacificConference in Poking, and Joao Alberto Cardota attended tho esto Conforenso returning to Guatemala via Onho PCOoooago to the So-iet nineteenth Cong root in fcoscor, ca luting itbeacon" and declaring the PCO to bo "inspired by its example".

Ir.2 the PCO, responsive to the Klnotoonta Soviet Congress recomcncatlcn toan unlet parties tu seek power wider tho netionallo^ banner, changede to the Partido Gaateaaltecond Joined the PAR, PROn the "Democraticaat" in tho3lections. Its inscriptionegal political party ttus accomplished ever antl-Ccc_?unl.at protonto that It can barred under2 ef thoMch forbids political pPrtion oforeign orora^ior"..

Irho PO" rooperod the 'Joccho Sanslicrf*arty coire training lar't wiVU Jsad0 by Ihe Arevalo idoiniU" tiin.. he partyted sccrcfre* itaoll"bleii, Trlbuen Popular* In tshe KT? drfvo to increase miifcsrsGJp, Cie Partyst-enalr; "nis-"tlcn In /uguct. xo3

w-.th tho FGT thutaa an open ana major political crgani7^Mon Inuccetsioi: of events brought the crganixod aijti-Coasu-djt opioni-lon la GuetcnsLo to virtual nxtinction. Hones important leadoni remained free or In the country foliovin? "revolr.ticoc" cf allegedinst the Government in3 and The POT tocb thoin protecting allagad "intervention'1 and in densndlng suppression not only of opposition political activities but of the indepmdent pn-.su In Guetciaulao

As the POT grew Jo atrength and prestige, the non-Conauniat elements in the other Revolutionary parties found thomselvea unable to conaolioate their forces to block theath to pre-eminence among then. Voile theK and PAS have in turn boon wracked by internal dissension mlhe PGT has suffered no euch weakening, and the ideology and prcgraae of the ether parties have tended to become replicas ofr

Tt-ue, the Cecmunlet allegation that "airti-occuiunlon" is equiviilont to Fae'Jloo finds scceptanco among the other parties, which seooitded the TO? in its attacks on the anU-Ccccnuniflt agenda items ln both tho GOECA and tlie Tenth Inter-Vtaerlcen Conference.. Com unlet success in gaining adherents to the intenaticnal Soviet line anong influential Isadora of the revolutionary orgacizatione is ah oan in the signature byeputies of the adale. ticn bloc, including the four ccnaunisteressage sent on3 to the President of North Korea, exprennlng "on the occasion of the ocecid anniversary of the Imperialist aggression against Korea, psrpatratedur solidarity with, and aympethyha glorious and heroic Korean people against when have been ueed the neat infamous means of aasstlo'l. including bacteriological wnrfsraa"

The heada of all four Administration part lea participated3 rally in Guatemala held under the auspices of the Ccduclet-froct Natiorml Peace Ccoaltt>ie to celebrate the Korean armistice on the these that itictory ef the world "peace" movement over North /morican imperii! Use*

Carrying out thoirected tootle of espousingathe RB led the other parties3 in antrident prop.?randsgainst alleged foroigr. intervention,nstende onA1 On that day the Government announcedcf ar. allcif-Td plot, end the IOT nicest instantlyarofulVr preasraPha firsthorue cf similar denunoletlomi tfrich wore eihood in tlio .iorld ^cmnvnist

Ca"iUITXRT PHETIUTICfl CF AGRARX'U RtrORU PfMBUI

omnnist Party of Ovr.temali was coll praroted foi the aevjnt ci Agitirioun that, notary* ty ^doptat, Agrariin Reform an ite contiaS theme ir. thetent ite nfrarionblU to thn llongre-'p-s ro^-reo.pecial CiBnsitMJu cn

ijfrra

Agrarian 3ofcuin whinhfosmunieto in ngroi'S.-one ci whom, Victor Manuel Outierrou, was Caaulttec Cfa&lrcsn* ffhethor or wot the Agrarian Law toohe Cccnunistetheir i ine law adopted. Jose KaBucl Fortunr,,oiitiol of tha CoajraorBlet Party, took an active part In the fiojoilfclia pTfq#eAla altheush he esccr of the Cctwlttec dot of Congress.

Cnc dayervicof tbe Agrarian Reborn lArtt Fcrttnyoluadxoua report onebject to tit Strtn Pic.viry So Del on of tho Ceotrel Ccesittca of tho Ccnri unlet Party, runains to more0 iTirdsc Tho report eodorued the agrariannd under the heaclDg "Party Tanks" stated*

"Our party emst undartaks 'ihe struggle fcr agrarianoon as ;jossiole end nuat carry our battlu-'ory to theuusop to the neb.ho poor uoaaanti) and thehe oonl-ena--aved gofoa ctlonon. to thn workers of then order tcCrOB beXov wiiicb would lead toev. ,cr.curgeois peui-mt agrarian reform"-

Hio Agrarian law created, as inetrumonto of Agrarian hjforu,Agrarian Department, nhich is the central adaiXLi3tra-;ivecrarlBi: couaittees, ehlch pane in the first instance ontin ojtprc|>riatloa end distributionndj tepartaontolirhleh are the firet reviewing ruthorltyjationalwhich is the final court of appeal under tbe President- ovic.a& thet tot of the local Agrariansnou dof rnprecantatives of the COTO or CNCO; that one of thocf the Departaiental Agrnrian Committee should represent theanother the ChCGj and that one of the nljie members of theCounnil should represent tho COTO and two othersTO ie controlled by the POT (its representative cn theCouncil is Joeo Luis Hnnos of the POT) andunder

CoamuiiJctcmaunlst prodci dnanac in tbe local andronrlttoce ln thus guaranteed by the terms of the law*

Lu addition, -he Cosa unlets havo heavily infiltratedg;-nrio XiAN),

hief of the lands section ofH ie Waldaaar Parries llee, aknevn H? easuoor ehargt of tho Depertaaut lu Uof the Dlreotor. Vho Secretary General (Chi of Clerk) of tho PAH lujof Coee Manuel Fortuiy, Secratary General cf tlictrty^ Four ofnspectors mo publicly (ivcwo'i te.iauiitstc, and ancthor eight arc probably itoaiborsr Innothy; (iosonaployeef. nre knorr. aenb&ro of tha

The GOTO

GTc: has been espscit-liy active ii-.czg ruralcc Agrarian Reform wis enacted intonatiir;arther key role by giving effoctivo assists us* to Applicantsir&tn benefice, O and POT loaders aueh oo Carlos UiJiuelscer frcciHrtiy ployed tho dominant role atHefora csraa^nlo*-

President Arbens hinaolfcrlboc Agrarian Refotw asst traascndantyl force in our economic end political life"* a all Comu-lBtn do, that agrarian ivf onj ie ono of tao most powerful Instruments availablesbII nlnority necking atate power, thair. Guatemala have gone fir toward gathering thia traascsndwifcslto their own

nlet seizure of the leadership ofraiiao reform or any other noverent i6 mode with the acquiescence ofhe latter sre helping to eoel their owi doon, since the most elemental feeteaaunlam is that it uses Its power for only oae ultimate purposedestruction ef all freeor the greater powor and glory of the US a*

PROPAGANDA

One of tho first Cccitunlet objectives in Guatenala, ae elsewhere, hae bom to gain control ef public information nodla. The OoTeraoant ndio station TCH Is under tho direction of Carlos Alvarado Jerez, eu avtwor Communist; the official Governr.unt daily newspaper Dtarlo deo:ienopious and favorable publicity to Comunlst-front actlvlttcr. end frequently reflocte CcataunlsHine viewpoints In ito editorial colucnt; the wore openly pro-CoEsonist doily nanspaper Maestro Djarlo, reputotwy In subsidised by Government orparty;ziario del Pueblo, organ of tho administration partyis dlreotnd hy Alfo.no Solorsanoj and there le alee the eeuthpieaa af tin POTTribune- Popularo Comaunlstsuch as Raul ;xlva an found Sn the Presidential Information Office (Socrotsrio deulCLJ.ii*ted)c

Oc-npled rrith tJiess are tiioorga:il'.otionc which onr^'o an souncing toards 'm cchc etctiie Cccaunlst lino, in eddittt. .affvAiing bc.iiu foritoieat aid training cf promising material ttU tho CcsriiUiiGt neraaent and providing osi-jcriitntional and travel links with pr.rciit InfarnjatlceWll Coununist erganlBatl.crr.- irtually ovor/oill to foundoy post, usually Sec rota r/ General or' Seovwtary ef Itiftniaation.

Tho Katloiiel Pones CoaultteoJfceicaal do la ftss) laill-ntf ofeeoe Congroes- Artfcondci innylter be,and Solirsnnc attewl-jd thoft'orlid Can;;riiBt; ofPtTt-iKjigaeo In .oris-. Tiitcaitrairy ^cnoral is Jir-.'o SiVsat,

rctiutatecrttioit)^ Its ieadiajobertc .ijtr.rcco,; o

POl'o

The Preiite.ffiliotc oftevunis. Irrtaro?Ucaii Student*U) in Prsgvx" ItsconJfcusa^to fttVl, of tht POT.

Ccn: nder^cioi: dtilant<islaariairhcchool atedtnts3he PC? line and is Ctrerably irtatoi la Hp piiblir-atloasA

Thoakor-Ti do Ar-cla_tan y_ Escritoire Jovanes ia an Intellrotoal youf. jiroup'nod'rrioe *KLce< af tha POT

SOCIAL) CTREu OOVEfWENT C'.TICLS

TheJirflltoco doocialoYBrut=;ut entityarpee shinccc.iTfor ucTin providing nodal occcrity beiw^its, lu under the direction of Mfonac- ^olorzono, unrJ- - intt'ivtoly ntisoclntod with tho onrJy introduction and ouknequent develop* sent of into rout ivrtal Cawtunint influence in He has placai psrsana of oJnllnr orientation Ln hln organization, and lent it with ltn ccncid'ireblo roso^rcoa to Ccremnint onda, ruch as reaceittoe eotivitioo.,

In tho i'inletry of Educetion, tho Kicer*guan Corstunlsl Ldclberto Torresho port of Director of tha Fi&Cdshing Souse* Huge Barrios Else of tho POTInspector of Lc.bor in tho Uimatry ef Econooy en* Ir.bor.

nfiltration of tho corps of too chore ln Cu*tennis can bo readr.ly dodm;ed fron tie facto that Itafael Tiachlor, Secretoryf the tonchoruerabor of the POT, and that 'Ale union hao beenn the Cannunirt-llnc activities of the CGT3,

; Iim'.WMTTWI. ASPECT? CP CtM'raiS" IN SUAVTHMA

Ctfeoajji noon of tieol the PGT Political Cc^lttce are <oom to hr.vc visitod Beacon hefere tho KW ncvoiutioi, thara boa sincenal iilow of Por leaden to the Sorist eopltol^lceor wiu SeerOtftryLegation thorn5 cude Senturopcowedn-itKles"9 arTt'ir andioa tho -urXvo of ?oaoB Corn^-oeoit* possiVulv tool:P. vr..oseou Lujj- nhciU>o.i1 throvgii theO thiirnnrto tw

Sc;-teebor

.

'heutK'.viu?:wit iharjhe3 weatong of Ivotfldtconinaber Guatemalanca3 have visitedJL CLLca ard tho "Peopla-2 ana

Apart froa these trips tho PGT leadership is in contact vith the rwln current of iiitorruitlonol Caanur-itfn: through partictpct' orariety cfconferansen and ccsgrsaaee, speasorsd byoeoho World Federation of BemoeratSo With, tiie Intsr-natiowii Students unloo, eto* utisires, SUva .fcasM endau noniaojjK above. att-irrJec -Peace-'1 seatinga,iovaecvanda' tha mo Coai-resses in, Berlini) end wraelegate ta Uisienna (KPTO) Coatwo;,. Iv. fcddit&on to thin attanaenca, t':er?wistaat exchange of eesEuxlnatiok$ botwrca tho ViennatheneC'TG Secretary General, none <r'are puxiisfcid in theW neesssea of "solidarity" rifli virioueIan strike**

V-.jre arees desert had shave, the frequtint vititn oftx&w. Cca^unlat- leaders, tbo latest of vhoq wno Dlonicio EWrtiw, Srsrottry Goaoiel ef the hexlean Ccwnuaist Party, who attended the3rty CcagroaB*

ajcrtsJ. point of Oamunien fur n: igWjurinj .ires.Brand VirgiJlo Guern, the SalTadoran CoBauciyto^ aein the Guatemalan laborAbel

. thorough ('flingis active inisaSa3wdorannn thoir country in LeptoabcrIc-.iJiilst aotivjtlei-tating thoy ore not-p'^-toaale in3 jovler tha leadership ofOtlMoof tl's Qensrcl Association of tiaj.vadoren Unlv<lv- nslaisHHl by GutierroK. s itsn'^Jj

titii' Popvlar,,

(.'ie- rtguar.lst :ad pr^CoEauiiicit group io :dcc byi-re s,inrfl:jde Flcrosioii;et signr- do eraudet, Alojandi-is, vn= in associated with heenbo dscnees

n aiii-ficcosnrf

astemalanuei.lfpibV.j'e. r;!dor n

Ctmunist Fcffltratipn of Ml^SSi

Tha organluatloni; Which wore to lncubaio the CommunistUiatocala hoiv launched In tho period Jiritheof thodictatorahlp. In5 aunion evolved Into tha Slndlcato do Trass jad oresOyataaala, Thoy workers%* Hiutual bonefit society of the sainso into being and in August tho Confedcraclon deaa founded an the country's national laborthe "ctudontsrente Popular Libortad or.eachersenovsclenbeing formed to

support the presidential candidacy ofjvolo, who bod returned frer. hlo exile ln Argentina. These parties later merged te forn the Partcclon ^volucloijria,hon each withdrew leaving tho WOO'"parties PAR, FPL and TS. arles of inter-party shift* the FPL has eince been replaced as one of the three professedly non-Cora unlet administration parties by ths Pnrtldo da la nVvoludon Guatgaalteca. (PIC).

In establishing and carrying forward the infant labor movement in Guatemala, use was made of tho advice and auslstance of new arrivr.leread, mostly Centralho promptlyormunist Indoctrination school in the CTG colled "Kscualahe CTG bocarcs divided over tho issue of the school, and oor.-rni unions split off to for* the Fcdomclsr. Sjndjcal do Guatemala,hicheparate wtiutonce until" reunited' withn1 to for* the Cenffdeirclon neneral da Trabajadoron de Guatemala, (CGIU).

i'eaindillc tho Encuelaeased operating, but thecomposed It have" for ihe" most pirt retrained active in The principal foreign group at the beginning consistedexiles, including Miguel liftrnolalvadoranIs atlil associated with toe Ouateaelan labormad Abel Cucnca Martinez, brothers exiled fron El Salvador inCe-iTurlTt activitiesp tho latter of Wioai is now Seoretary forRecords of the present-day ndmlnlstratlon pariy Partido doQoattsgjAeca,nd Virgilio Ouorra Uendoz, nowof'the PCT political carsiittoOo They wore Joined by Antonio Ovaa leader of tho prcCbico Guatemalan Coanunlct Party rtiotood is now en officer of the COTO; and by Alfonsomo hadToledano in Uoxico. Anaij

other residents exerting influence on Guotocalacs political urganlzeticrr in t'.slr fira* yeers care Edoloi-rto Torres,onrturdnt: Amacdo Floron Arasdor,'.carrguan Connunist| IHgcel Angelci-jtuiornnt Pedro Geoffrey III vac, amean Ccmjtunlut figure; tind Rsbri-io Alvtradcuateralnn who tad retumsd froa Chile tJioi .io Jifld been Involved ir. Ccffisunltt activities.

he end of the Arevalo administration, ths existence of any Communist organization in Guatemala was denied, and practically all those new affiliated wtth tho Communist (Labor) Party were until then active in the PAR, FPL, Inutierrez, head of.jlhe CTG, resigned fron the PAH. 0 Fortuny left the PAR, of which he waaember of the Executive Committee, along with nine othersr Vario SUva Jonama, PAR Secretary for Propaganda; Bernardo Alvarado Uonzon, Secretary for Touth Affairs; Antonio Ard on. Secretary for Social V'atters; Hunberto Ortiz, Secretary for Rural Affairs; Pedro Fernandez and^Alfredo Guerra Borgss, ex-Beabers of the political committee; end Jose Luis Ramos, Rogc-llo Lopez and Carlos Rone Valle. onth later, onhis group broughtaper entitled Octubre. whose initial sub-heading wasreatParty, Vanguard of the Workers, the Peasants and thehe following month Gutierrezorkers party called the Partido ^voluclonario Obrero do Guatemala (PROG) for Marxist-Leninist indoctrination of political and labor leaders.

On Septenfcer0 Octubre announced the founding of an evening Marxist indoctrination school named "Jacoboommunist martyr. It was under the direction ot Alfredo Guerra Borgea, and Gutierrez, though not of the Cctubro group, was an lnstructorD The school waa eoon shut down by Colons! Elfego Uonzon, Aravalo's fclnlster of Interior0

leaders of the Cctubro Coamunlots and of the PROG, together with tha labor unions under their influence formed the Coaite Politico EMclonal do Jjabojadores (OPf(T) to work in0 prosidertial una 'co:igrVj2lonaI eTectlons.' Among its succassful candidates for Congress were Outlerroz and JosS Alberto Cardoza of the PROG, Hunberto Ortiz of the Octubre Ccanturdsts, and Cesar Montor;egro of the FSG and SAMF, *ho was" openly to Join the Ccesaunlat ranksa

On April1 Fortunyress statement ae "Secretary General of the Partido Comunista dehis was the firet known avowal that an organized Communist Party existed Inew wacks later ho admitted publicly that the Communist Party of Guatemala had existedeerot organization since. On Junehe first anniveraaiy of tho publication of Octubro, the partyublic rally, announcing it would seek to be regiotaredecognised party under the doctoral laws0

Inlp Gutierrez, head of PROG, adnittedress Inter-view he nas a In Hovosfcer he attonded the 'tfFTU Congress inoing on to Moscowv Upon his return ine announced ths dig solution of tho PifCO and advised its asinbera to Join Fortunyue FCG-

Onho Cominform newspaperasting Peace,eople's Democracy" published in Bucharest, Rumania, carried an artlole summarizing tho findings of the Central Committee of the PCG en the shortoominge of Octubre, Tho publication of this artlele0 In effeet confirmed the eccoptanoe of Fortuny'3 PCG by the International Communist movement aa the authorized Cosmunlst Party in Guatemala.

2 the representatives of the PCG began to be reported in the press ae sitting In on President Arbenz" political conferences with the reprtf-entativos of the other Administration parties*

thefUrther up3QrEe

Ceammlet movement. Tn March, Bias Roca. Juan

SSr*

member of

int/iS?J J'03COT andPreliminary meet-

In^ clUlJtT Conference in Pekin, returning

StieJ^lnlhrPr?rt0ln Asiatlo and Pacific Peace Conferenoe in Pekin, coming and going through Moscow. On October 1,

f the Guatemalan Canonist Party, actoowl-

SSetof the Communist Party oTSe

message to the Soviet Nineteenth

Cc^unist paper Stubre

ornd ae broadcast ever the Soviet Uc=sI'oecow radio on

"Jose Stalin, Kcscowt

The CcOTunist Party of Guateciala greets with enthusiasmh Congresa of tho glorious Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Tho vanguard of our poople considers this Congresseace holiday for tho Soviet people, for the directives of the new great Five Tear Plan embody thoful goals of the Soviet peoples* Our Party saluteo the indestructible unity of tho Caimunlst Party of the Soviet Onion whichuarantee of the successful constructionom unlet society In your homo landeacontho world for workers* Inspired by your example wo will strengthen for national indapendenoa and tho happiness of our people. ish many successes to the Congress end groat vlctorios to the invincible Party of Lenin Stalin*

Tno Central Coaralttoo of the Guatemalan Conn unlet Party.,

Joeo ICunuel Portunyt Secretary General**

In2 the PCG announced it would hold Its Second Party Congreso In Decenber, At tho Congress the Party changed its noma to

"Uuatcralfl Labor tarty" (Partido Guatnaaltoco delecided to makeally paparjet of otatutoa for tho POT modeled on the otandard organisation of the Stalinist Comr.unlet parties; elected Fortuny Secretary General at the headolitical Committee of twelveontrol Committee ofesolved to expand party roombershlpj and confirmed Its Intent to register the party in the Civil Registry.

On2 the POT was registeredolitical party ln the Civil Kegistry despite the protest of antl-Communlst groups that both the Constitution and the Electoral Law specifically forbid "political organizationsoreign or Internationaltstembers,ver the minimum required to support its registration petition. Tho POT then participated ln the3 Congressional electionsember of theDemocratic Electoral Front"- One of the PGT candidates, Pellecer, won ln the Deportment of Escuintla and the other, Fortuny, lost lit the Department of OuateaaLe, the opposition strongholds

On3 the POTthe "Jacobs Sanchez" schoolarty cadre school. Byhe'collectedrom its cells andaily nornlng tabloid. Tribune Popular. In tho POT drive to Increase party ceebersblp, the Party's first 'National Conforenae on Organization cn% rise in the number of members since the2 Party Congress.

Hunning its own candidates in municipal olectlons for the first tico lnt elected mayors in the important town of Escuintla and in several other localities.

the PGT thus emorging ao an open and major political organization Inuccession of ovonts brought the organized anti-Communist opposition In Guatemala to virtual extinction. Uo opposition leader of stature remained free or in the country following tho revelation of alloged plots against the Government ln3 and

As leaderovernment party ln pood etanrilng. Secretary General Fortuny of the PGT participates in the highest inter-party political councils. The principal Communist leaders of Guatemala, Including Fortuny, Gutierrez and Pellecer, are lctL*utely acquainted with the retraining political loaders of the country through years of association with them in politics*

Tho three professedly non-'Comuunifit Government parties, PftR,B am aggressive supporters of tha nationalist end leftist goals

of the revolutionary movement which began. The PGT, claiming to embrace similar objectives has been the most insistent exponent of stronger unity of the National Democratic Front, statinganifesto published

here lsolitical alliance among the PGT, PAR, PRO and RKj the COTO and CKCC also participate in theut thia alliance is nothere must be more cohesion and it must be broadened to include the peoples* and mass organisations, on whoserue National DeEocratic Front can be based,uperior organic manifestation of the united front program."

There is no obvious difference on principle between the three revolutionary parties and the POT which would hamper the forgingtronger government coalition under POT leadership. The degree to which the Communist viewpoint has been furthered among these coalition parties is perhaps most strikirgly illustrated by the signing on2 byf the most influential coalition party deputies in the Congress,essage of solidarity with Coraunlst North Koreap then fighting the forcea of the Unitod Nations. The message snd its signers wore as followst

"Guatemala,

e democratic Deputies, members of the Congress of the Republic of Guatemala, convinced of tho Justice of tho struggle for peace, which is ln the hearts of millions and millions of human beings of all peoples of the earth,o express on the occasion of the second annlvoraary of the imperialist aggression against Korea, perpetratedur solidarity with, and sympathy for, the glorious and heroic Korean people against whoa have been used the most infamous means of mass extermination, including bacteriological warfare, by the Invaders who have not boon able to break the spirit of combat and resistanceeople who fight for their liberty and for their national sovereignty-"

(Signed) Julio ESTRADA de la lloz, Victor Manuel CuTTERRFZ, Fernando do LEON Porroel Francisco FERNANDEZ Fonceo, Amor VELAZCO, Cesar MONTEfvRGRO Paniagua,Alborto CAWOZA, Peimin B. GARCIA, Alarlc Alfonso BF.NHET, JoseDARDON, Ernesto I'ARPCQUIN Vryss, Ignacio Humberto ORTIZ, Roberto ALVAKADO Fuentes, Paulino OWLLF. Horrera, RobertoON Lomus, Hubberto CABRERA, Jaime BARRIOS Archils, Alfonso FOHTUhT and Jos! Luis de LKONo

- ex--nl o" .onurtfot lnf lu*ncc in tho leadership of thj" parties In pone*ay hothe

ucords

Jionnunlet Partyatonal* held its firet u n Gv SecretaryFortuny cede a

l^r' j't'bnt iipeeofcsilth he unnouneed the lntontlon ofrty

cer Into polltls/al lifo of toe nation under ituorwonages snttcd on tho pLstfora at this lnportant avert, hie'k plf.eeth the lazyn portralte of Leninlin Ji

a-cerrl Cenauoist pattern, vnro the following!

At, Jiol'erto AUa.ode Faoni.ea, then Secretary General of ief tholin Cor^rofpj nowex;co end

ID |

Sr- sir.? Laember of pah, now Sjuretary -. f WR end itm'eer of Congrcra)

Jalre Plai iiozzetto, Don Secretary General of Ri.';

Sr- VictcrGaiierret, then Secretary General of tho

PorHlo Fevolucionario Obrwiro deBOOioir.ber of tht

. sr-it^riTw;

"Jur.ing tho maettng congratulatory aeaseges were rrad toncluding oastirne fron: at leaat ten members oftift' -Oi belonging tj thn Administration partiosr

.^si-lowing the diaaoVjtlan In2 of thop-rty of Motor Manuelmber of ra.sibtTa':it crgprdzstion fellcwd Gutierrez Into the Communist

*nc ether* ulc hocd the sane Cceciuclctr_ra tl en COO returned te ;hi PAR in respo:iseit lie invitation to

P. tit roeatee of the Consnunlat Party, Coalrtvny, Alfrrfo Guerra Beiges and Bernardo Uenrado Uooion, vith threot'Hu&af.ei* froc. each of the other pr* ncip.iltv .upporting tin Afurdiilr.tio.tleD,eeting hold in tiie office-be^eeTTta ecretary Ce-oral of tho Presidency,aliro -ir; st;er infertsd Shot the object of the znet jyj ti tio I'Kifivcni, afttrsc, oi the pertloe,

n2 nl: of theng politicalr:Tv>iilr -a< :it- lomtiJiei.'/ of Jose Ihrwl "crmsy.

Joint* iogle Administration party called tho Farte la svoluclon Guatf.jalteca (PRG)0

anuel Fortuny severely criticized the now PRC a? an attempt, in ;he face of the "upsurge of tho labor movement, the er-Ah and development of tho Communisto isolate the Communists both from the masses and from ths leadership ofvolutionary movement".,

A few dayshe PAR reconstituted itsolf, withdrew from the PRC, ostensibly becauoj of differences with the other constituent elements of PRO over leadership of subordinate regional branches of the party. Former PAR members Solorzano, Cuenca and Alvarado Fuentes remained ln the PHGo 'toe Henovaclon Naclonal Party also withdrew from the PEO shortly after its formation^ The POT haa made no further conpleints about being "isolated".

eeting on October2 the Communist Party nominated Jose Ihnuel Fortuny and Carlos lianuol Pellecer to run in the elections to Con;-re es to be held at the and of the yoar. Sres0 Alvarado Fuentes and Cnnnoa of the PRO attended the Cora unlet Party meeting, and declared the PRO would support their candidaciesc

Inhe Communist weekly newspaper Cctobre reportedactDemocratic Electoral Front" had been signed between the PAR,, the RM, and the Communist Party. Under the pact, candidacies for congress seats mere partitioned among the parties, the CormunlBt Party being assigned two.

At the meeting of the RN at which Fortuny'e candidacy was endorsed, he wan introduced with warm praise by Jaime Diaz Rozzotto, Secretary General of RN. Also present at tho meeting ware Victor Manuel Gutierrez, Communist Secretary Oeneral of the COTO labor federation, Alfredo Ouerra Borgeo, Secretary for ?ropaganda and Press of the Communist Party, and Sr. Carlos Rene Valle9 an editor of the Communist weekly Cctubren

On Novemberortuny was formally endorsed by the PARoir; candidate of ths Dooeratlc Electoral Front for the forthcoming elections for Ho was presented at the meeting by the Secretary Oeneral of the PAR, Alvaro Hugo Salguero. Present on behalf of the RN party was Jaime Diaz Rozzotto, Secretary of the RN party, whouoted in the iross the next day as having stated that thaarty represented "the future of the Revolution In Ouatemala" and ie aaying that ths Communist Partytwin brother" in the etrupE'o and that the :JN would fight for Fortuny, whose enemies were those -ho "defend United States interests, the bloody imperialists, aehows"- The .ipeaker for the PRO was Ernesto Capuano, who was

reported In tho press as saying that the Communist Party wasln accord witheality. Other speakers were Sr. Alfredo Ouerra Borg*s, Secretary of Press and Propaganda of the Communist Party and Srea- Ernesto Marroquin *yss and Fernando Fernandez Ponoee, PAR dtputloa.

Tho PRO en2 formally agreed to Inscribe Fortunyandidate* At the meeting, Roberto Alvarado Fuenteslfonso Solorzano defended Fortuny'e candidacy, and Abel Cnenoaeading role.

ommunist Party Congress heldnd attended by Dlonislo Enolna, Secretary Oeneral of the Mexican Communist Party, Ernesto Uarroquln nyss of the PAR, and Jaime Diaz Rozzotto, Seoretary Oeneral of the RN, the Coma unlet Party ofhanged its name to the Guatemalan Labor Party and took other atepe preparatory to campaigningull fledged political party.

Twenty deputies belonging to the Administration parties, including tbe four Communist deputies,etition to President Truman ln2 demanding clemency for the convicted Rosenberg spies, described in the petition asn tha standard Communist Banner.

Immediately following reports that the uovernment of El Salvador Intended to Introduce an an tl-Coexa unlet resolution at the2 meeting of the Organization of Central American Statesose1 Manuel Fortuny, Seoretary Oeneral of the Communist Party of Guatemala fPCOj mode statements published ln the Guatemalan press on August2 condemning the reported proposal ae

he Salvadorproposal on the supposed danger from 'international Communism1 in Central America would constitute an act of provocation ef Fascist colorationwould thus become thef resolutionswould ferae us to participate in the criminal aggression unlsavied by Imperialism against thepeoples ofjis and soon to be extended to other countries."

On the next day the Administration party PRO followed the Communlet leadtatemeni Interpreting the proposal to discuss Communist subversion inmericaool to repress freedom of thought and organization andncourago sectarian strife whloh Is incompatible with true democracy'1 -

On3 the PARulletin calling for withdrawal fron tha ODECA on the grounds the Salvodoran proposal to discuss Joint aetici against Comcurr'.am was intervention ln Guatemala's Internal affairiolationovereigntyQ On the previous day, POT deputyanuel Pellec(ia had attacked COFCA for its "international imperlfi let intentlona of in'. /rveniDg In our internal affaire,,"

On April3 tho Government of Guatemala notified tho othor member eta tos of ODECA of Its withdrawal fron that organization, stating oaong other things that "In response to tha consultation which ny Government democratically conducted regarding the Central Anerlean Foreign Ministers' Conference, the denocratle organizations have Joined In decandlng tbat the Oovernetent withdraw free the ODECA, In the belief that remaining in the organisation at this tine Jeopardizes our sovereignty, the national Independence and the free realization of the Guatemalan Revolution"

On March1 of theeputies in the national Congress, all membersef the POT and other adsinlatratlon parties, signed the following cablegram to the Supreme Soviet of the USSRi "TheGuatemalan revolutionary Dputiea, member* of the deaocratie parties, eeod to the Government and the Soviet Poople our profound sympathy on the occasion of the death of the great leader Joseph Stalin, an Irreparable loss for the universal movement for popular liberation and world peace"*

On tho motion of Como unlet deputy Victor Manuel Gutierrez, the Congress of Guatemala on3ote ofo i,esolution toilence In honor of Stalin, the late ruler of the -SSH. Two days latereeting held ondar CoEBunlat ausplosaublic achool building further expressions of tribute were made. Among the spoakers waa Julio Estrada de laeputy former President of tho Congress, and now Secretary General of PAR* Other speakers were Lularagon, touatemalan Minister to the USSR who has oupported Coeriunlet causes in Guatemala, and Joee Manuel Fortuny, Secretary Oeneral of the Guatemalan Labor (Connunlet) Party*

On3 the co-Secrets ries General of the PRO, Angus to "harnaud MucDonald, now Minister of Government and Roberto Alva redo ruentc now Ambeasador to Mexico, issued to thetatement in which In he nametholr party they denounced certain elcoente in the railway union SAW for having made "public pronouncencnts whichenace to the preeent donooratic Government of the Republic, referring to thetnelves ae genuine 'antl-ConsaunlBt1 farcoe, thereby recognizing at least their ideological tins ard eplritual disposition predisposition In favor of the feudal and pro-imperialiatic reaction which under the banner ofconstantly attacks the deaocratie institutions of th'i Revolution*"

ational congress in Guatemala City en3 the Partido Renovaclon Kacloiial (RN) re=elooted Jaime Diaz Hozzotto Secretary Gonoral in tho proaenrse of official representatives of tho

POT, PAR, and PRO, The Cocauniet-led CGTG sent greetings to the

Corfiress*

On July3 Gulllerao Ovando Arriola, sanbor of PAS and Pi-esldeat of the Congress during3 seeaiona, raa elected President

of tho Departmental "Peace" Cotsnlttee for tho Department of Ouatemla* The Secretary Oeneralehip of the Committee went to Otto Raulaithful Communist propagandist.

On3 tho press reported that representatives of the parties constituting tho National Democratic Front, (successor to the Dan oo ratio Electoralhe PAR, RN, PRO and the Guatemala Labor (Comaunlet) Party, again consulted with the President, thus reaffirming Cocnunlst participation In the Adninistration political movementa

The heads of all four Administration political parties partlolpated3 rally in Guatemala City held under the auspices of the Comnunlst-frong National Peace Cosaalttee to celebrate the Korean armistice on the these that ltlotory of the world "peace" movement over North American imperialism,- According to press reports. Secretary Qeneral Fernando Fernandez Foccea of the PAR condemned the attitude of tbe "Imperialists who went to war as the only means of slewing down the fall of the capitalist system" and promised hie party would continue to fight for peaoeo Augusto Charnaud UacDonald, speaking as Secretary General of the PRO, stated that further efforts on behalf of peaco must be made to avoid continued exploitation of poor people by "great Jaime Diaz Rozzotto, Secretary General of the RN, affirmed that the Korean trace represented another step toward arrivalocialist world* Jose banuel Fortuny of the POT characterized the truceriumph of the Chinese and Korean peoples over the "Americanriumph of tho "working classes" of all countries,riumph of thefartlsana of Peace" whose standard bearer was the Soviet Uniono Tho speakers were members of the rally's presidium which also oontalned among Its members SrD Oulllermo Ovando Arriola, PAR member and President of Congress$ Sr* Vfario Sllva Jonama, Secretary General of the National Peace Committee, and Secretary ofcu unlet PGTj Major Uarco Antonio Franco Chacon, exKSovernor of the Department of GuatemalaAH deputy who recently attended the Budapest "Peace" aeetingj and Sre Raul Leiva, local poet and Chief of the Press Section of the President's Infomation Of fine* It was decided at the rally toetter to the President of the General Assembly of the United Nations calling for admission of Communist China to the UN SecurityThe letter was despatched the following day over the signatures of the leaders of the four political parties and heads of Cocra unlet-controlled labor and front organizations.

Independent newspapers in Guatemala on October3 quoted Sr* Francisco Fernando Fernandez Foncea, Secretary General of the PAR

as etating

ae irtatlng on the floor of the Congress the previous evening that "The PARransitory party like the other revolutionaryhich are destined to disappear and become part of the greet world Communist Party". Ue wae further quoted ae saying. In an Interpolation during the courseebate on housing, thatupport the PRO, which le now purging froa lte ranks four weaklings,upport above all the Communist Party, the Party of Pelleoer, Cardosa and Gutierrez, which Is the aoet patriotic, the noat honest, end the most logical in the country".

Sr. Jose Manuel Fortuny, Secretary General of the Cossunlst Partido Gun tonalel Jrebatond Sr. Francisoo Fernandez Fonoea, hie ox-brother-in-law ieTo was Secretary General of the Administration party PAR,oint sta tan-ant on September3 dee la ring "categorically that no friction or difference exists between our organization*0.

Leading members of all Administration parties wore prominentommunist-Inspired Second Continental Congress of Democratic lawyers held in Quateaala City Tbo Conference was opened by Ulnietor of Government Qin maudho is also Secretary General of the PRQj the Guatemalan delegation ofncluded Ernesto Capua no, PRGi Jose Hunberto Hernandez Cooes, RNj fardel Mendes Montenegro, PAR| Alfonso Bauer Pali, PRGj virgilio Zapata Uendla, RN; flfonsc Solorzano, PRGj and Julio Estrada de la Hoc, PAR*

in his speech to the Congress, Charnaud EtaeDotmld denied that tha

October Revolution was Communist and declared "it ie certainly not anti-Communist either, for that would be to earvc nazism, fascism and falanglra".

eeting held under auspices of Corzaunlst-llne Spanish exilea to protest theSpanleh agreoaent on military bases, Jaime Diaz Roll otto. Secretary General of RN was principal speaker, doala ring that "the monstrous Tankee-Spanish pact lay*uch nor* cynical aspect of th* warlike fury of decadent capitalism and its unlimited contempt for tho pcoplo".

In an Interview cerried In his own party newspaper, Dlario del Puublo, on November3 Augusto Charnaud UacDonald, Seo rotary "General of-the PRO and Minister of Interior of Guatemala told an Amerioan corroo-pond*nt that "no concom existed over Communist activities" and that "there is no problem euch as Cocnunloa, either concerning penetration or dengorous internal activities".

Jorge Marioonber of the youth eeetloa of the PRO, returned in3rip to the USSR whereumber of ether Guatemalans he haduest of the Antl-Faeciet Cocnittoo of Soviet Touth from Augustofter attending tho

outh Festival,

Following front-page publicity in the Cerr;unlet daily newspaper Tribune Popular in3 oalLlng for "inmediate solidarity" with" one Cayotanoalvadoran arreated by the authorities of that country, thirty political leaders of Guatemalao leg rem of protest to President Osorio of El Salvador, published in the CoEDtunlot newspaper on Deo ember 2, Among the signers were Jaime Diaz Rozzotto, Secretary Oeneral of the RNj GulUemo Ovando Arrlola, PAR official and President of the Congreasi. Alfonso Bauer Pals. PRO official, and ten deputies In tha Congreso Inclining the four POT

deputise

Communists and their propaganda organa ln Quateaala have been the loudest ln their denunciations of the Tenth Inter-American ConferenceItem on the penetration of International Communism ln tha heal-npherea Victor Manuel Gutierrez, one of the most notorious Communists in Guatemala, statedpeech to the Second Congreee of the COTO onGuatemala must go to Caracas where they are attempting to plaoo our country on tha bench of the accused, and there our country must convert that benchribunal from which lt valiantly denounces the defamatory campaign of which itictim"c. Cnhe Guatemalan Government announced its decision to attend the Conference?

The PRO eleoted Joae Manuel Fortuny, head of the POTe and Bernardo Alvaredo Uonzon, POT Secretary of Organization, to tha Presidium of the first congress of the PRO party, held ln Guatemala City en These two were the only aeebers of the Presidium who were net PRO leadersc

COMMUNIST CONTROL OF ORGANIZED LABOR

Communist* have gained control of the Guatemalan labor movement not only by Infiltration of the rudimentary labor soaoclatlona that existed beforebut principally by meansalculated drive to create strong organizations under Communist control and to enroll In these organizations tbe mss ef hitherto unorganized industrial and agricultural vorkere.

Before the revolution, no labor unions other than controlled uorkinijaen's mutual aid societies existed. As soon as opportunity oould be nade under the now freedoas In the country, Coisminlsts trained in Moscow la the lojO's began planting the needs of their future pover. Abel and Max Cuenca Martinez, exiled Salmdoron Cocnunists, Antonio Ovandouatemalan labor organiser schooled in Moscow, end others established the labor training school called Escueia pinridtd, to teach !ferxlet principles. Victor Mnnuel Gutierrez, Secretary General of the Confndareclon General, do. Trnba.ltutoroB de Guateanlaose Luis Ramos and others who dominate the Guatemalan labor scene today received Indoctrination there.

Close liaison waa established from the beginning of this labor movement betuoen the Guatemalan organizers end tho leading Cccsronlot labor organizers of the Hemisphere. Beginningt such aen as Vicente Lsmbardo Toledano of Moxloo, Bias Rocs of Cuba, Roberto Morena of Brazil, and Cesar Codoy Drrutla of Chile have mot frequently with the loadore of Guatemalan labor. uatemalan leaders hove theasclvea aad* wraorous visits to Mexico, seat of the CTAL, and to Parlo, headquartera of tha KTTTJ, with eubseeuent excursions to Eastern Europe and Moo oov.

Consolidation of the Guatemalan labor unionsingle main confederation, the CGTG, vas accomplishednder closeof the CTAL advisers. Affiliation of the CGTC with CTAL and the Uorld Federation of Trades unions followed in.

Organized labor todayilltant and significant political force in Guateanla. According to the Govorment Administrative Eepartmert of labor, thereembers of the CGTC and thoasasslna. de_ Huatocsin) officially registered with it In April Thooo organizations themselves have claimedesbero between them. Cenraring either figure ulth tho totalotes oast in thorssldentiol elections and theoast in3 congressional elections, tbe importance of thosegroups becomes obvious.

Th* General Confederation of Guateaalan Workersepresents every labor organization of importance In the country.

Aoong Its core than 5O0 affiliated unions are the railway workers union, the teachers union, various government workers unlona, industrial and ocamzerclal unions, and strong agricultural workers unions.

The National Peasant Confederation of Gua tone lo (Cpnfoderaclon, liasJonai Pampas lna HCC) la oomposed of aia.lltenant farmers, and some agricultural ware earners. The head or the CHCG, Leonardo Castillo Floras, acknowledged the leadership of tho CCTGtateoent to the CGTG Congress held ln4 In vhlch he aald that "although many vlah to see tho tax* central labor organizations of Cueteaala divided, this will not happen for there is already tooupport between the leaders and between the rank and file of bothe are convinced that the working class is our Guide", thus endorsing the Communist theory that rural Labor should be led by urgan workers.

The political nature of Gua Urn lsn labor organization Is well established. In lo^fl tho Secretary Goneral of tho.large Faderacion Basattgfcl Guatewls,FSG, now one of tho principal constituents of tho CGTG, declaredational convention tbat "tbe FSG affirms that syndicalism is eminently politioal; therefore it is necossary to intervene in donestio and International politico provided that lt la considered that the Interests of tho workers are involved."

epresentatives of the principal labor organizations setational political action corolttes, Comite Usclonal Politico Trsba.jadorcs, for the exproao purpose of directing laborin the elections of that year. The OIPTrominent part in the campaigning for tha election of the president la0 and in the oongressional eloctlona In December.

leaders of the CGTG sinoe Its formation ln1 have urged political unity with other leftists. On Mayictor formal Gutierrezypical statementlea for stronger unity among "tbo workers, peasants, nranourgeoisie and the patriotic groups within the national bourgeoisie."

Inhe Central Ccaaalttee of tho Comrainlst Pqrtldo Guifo-yltoco dal IfiJiSiS (MT) called for the formal Incorporation of the CGTG and CNCG into the "Notional Democraticompoood of tho four Adcinistration political parties PAR, PRC, rC.', and PGT. The two labor federations previously hod been informally participating In the Front's Fxetlngs.

Thotido Guatemaltocq del Trabfijo or Guatemalan laborocal branch of the world ConBJunlet conspiracy, ia in undisputed control of the CGTG, and therefore, of organized labor In Guatemala.

Tbo office of Soeretar/ General and overy other key office in tho CGTG ia holdember of the CoHorunlst Labor Party Pgt.

The Secretary General of tho CGTG is Victor Manuel Gutierrez, member of ths Political Conalttoe of the Coeraunlst Guatemalan labor Party.

After theevolution, Gutierrez started cn his trade union and political career.5 heounding member of tho teachers1 and educational workers* unionecoming its secretary General and representing the STEG on the Executive Committee ofTfltsjacforoo do Cuote^la CTG, founded early5 as the first labor federation In the country.

The CTG established tbe Kpcuela Qlaridad labor training school, at which Coagaunlsta Indoctrinated labor leaders. Thisuarrel in the CTG with the resultissident group withdrew from CTG to form the Fedorncion Sindical de Gustcmalfi (FSC).

Gutierrez then rose to bo Secretary General of the CTG which took on increasingly Communist orientation while the FSG aleo gradually cams around to the'Communist viewpoint. Both affiliated with the 1JFTD and Sr. Vicente lombardoTAL, in Fsodco City. Gutierrez attended tho conference of Educational Workers and Teachore in Mexico City6 as representative of the STEG, and ths CTAL Congress there3 as representative of the CTG,ember of tho CTAL Central Coaciitteo. 9 he attended the first World Congress of the Partisans of Peace in Paris with Jose Manuel Fortuny,Gen oral of tho PGT, and Alberto Solorzano, in April, and returned to Gun tew. la, then went to Europe again to attend the ^TTD Congress in late June end early Hoy..

In1 Sr. Lombardo Toledano and M. Louis Saillant, Secretary General of tho WTO, came to Guatemala to attend the Congress of Latin American Air and landort Unionslan was drawn up toingle Guatemalan Labor federation. This was established! in1 under tho title of tbe Confedoraclon General, do.dcros de GuaUgalg (CGTG) snd Gutierrez was elected Secretary General, an office ho still holcc. In his pcrcciiaX Quality he attended ths

CTAL Congress In Santiago,In Ths CGTC did not bo coco affiliated with the VITU and CTAL until

Meanwhile Gutierrez had aleo been active in party po lit lea. us wae an early member of the Pronto lopular Libertajor (FPL) which along -lth the RenoTnclcri riaclonal (RM) formed the principal support which inetolled Dr. Juan Jose Arevalo ae President Gutierrezember of Congress froa the Departnent of Guatemala and6 took port In the enactment of the Labor Code. Ths FPL and the RH merged to form the PAR, and Gutierrez belonged to that party until Septemberwhen he withdrew. In0 he founded and became Secretary General of tho Partido Reyoluclcnario Obrero de. Guatemala.arty designated to further the Karxiat-Leninist-ftallniat education of its members, Ooutierrez admitted openlyresB intervleu) that heommunist.

In No rector or early DecemberGutierrez proceeded to Hoscou afterttended the Berlin VFT0 CongreBO as athe CGTG then not being affiliated. Upon his return in Januarye announced the dissolution of the PROG and advised ita members to join the Pqrtldo. Conunlsta da Guatemala (FOG) which Fortuny had brought Into the open the previous year. Inhen the PCG held ita Seoond Congress and changed its name to the Partido Guatesaltccc de. Trees io (PGT, Gutierrez -as elected to the PGT Central Committee which In turn elected him to the Political Committee and made him chief of the Central Committee' labor Union Commission.

InGutierrez supported Arbenz' candidacy for the Presidency as Secretary for Propaganda of the Coajte Politico Kaclonsj da.obs .lad or: and was himself elected to Congress from the Department of Guatemala on the ticket of the PAR and the RN but he later aligned himself with the Communist PCG and ita successor the PGT. Inhe uaa Chairman of tbe Special Committee on Agrarian Reform which guided the Guatemalan Agrarian Reform law of2 through Congress, he was re-elected to this chairmanship

The First Vice Secretary General ioP

of the Political Committee of tha Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party

Hia caroer after the4 Revolution MM dedicated primarily to trade union work* He waa active in thae ArtesOraf_iaa>f which he la now Seoretary General,, He wasf'icar of the Veaeraptor. Slrdloal de Ouatemala (FSO) which waa founded6 asecond labor union federation and eventually Its Secretary foro Inhe PSO joined Gutierrez* Confodorsclon Ggiernl de Traba^dores de Guatemala (COTO) ae the single and national labor federation^ Gutierrez became its Seoretary Guneral and Cardoza bis Deputy is First Vioe Secretary Ooneral. 2 he was listed as Business Manager of the Irregular COTG publication Unldada In3 Cardoza founded and became Seoretary Generalrinting trade workers' federation under ths COTO oooposed of his SAO and the llnotyporo' union SOL.

In party polltlos Cardoza emerged9ember of tbeCbrero de Guatemala (PR0O) aparty Deau5by Gutierrez - He became its first Vice-Seoretary Genomic returned fron Moscow, dissolved the PRCO snd joinedCosnmlsta de Ouatemalaardoza followed bla. Inwhen the PCO held its Second Party Congreae and ehanged Its namePartldo Quatemaltoco dal TVabaJoardoza was elected to itsto tho Politioal Coonittee*

Cardoza was eleeted to Congresseputy from tbe Department of Guatemala ln0 for the. He was proposedaaito Politico Naclonal de loe Trabajadores but as thisas net registervd am could not put j? enndidatos, he ran on the ticket of tha administration parties. In Congress, Sr. Cardoza beoame, ln23 sessions. Chairman of the Special Committee on Revision of the Labor Ccde0

While in Congress, Cardoza attended the3 rekln 'Peace" Congress, going and oomlng through the Soviet Union and tbe "People's

Seoretary of Organization is Vlrgilio qtji-TRRA Uendec, aember of the Politioal Committee of the Ouatemalan Labor (Cooanxnlst) Party. (Salvador

Vlrgilio Ouerra, bom6 ln Chalohuapa, SI Salvador,arpentr, and labor leader who is older and has aore years of Communist aervloe than any Boaber of the Partldo Ouateaalteoo del Trabalo's Politioal Ccc.ittee Ha la reported to hare been In to! Tod in Cnaniavi'st activities in Salvador ae far book2 when General MARTINEZ ehatterod tbe Coacfunlet movement

Following tho4 Revolution, Guerra ease to Outran5 In the Eeouelaoauunlet-orlonted laborachool formed within the Confedoreelon de Trabajadoroe de Quatoaaand directed by AbelSalvadoran drirsn fromor Communist activities. The Eecuela Clarldad wae closed by goreorder6political organizationoreign or lnternatlo o wae Seoretary Oeneral of thehe carpentera' union arffiZatncTwith the

In1 theds inlet rat ion expelled Guerre, Cuenca ard other foreign Communists and Comnunlat suspects, but he econ returned tc the country,, as since been expelled sevoral times from El.

C-uerra remained active In labor onion affairs, although he held none of the top offices,. He was Identified as Secretary Oeneral of the Wood and Olaos Workers< Onion0 and has been active in the Confedoraoion Gzzernl dc Trabajadpre.he Cccnsuniat-cocircllcdaoor foderatlono

He was identified aa an employee of the Guatemalan Instituteels' Serorlty8,

Seoretary of Disputes is Carlos Manuel PELLECER, member of the Political Cosaaltte* oT the Guatemalan Labor (Communis^ PartyB

After the4 uprising which forced President Ublco out,p!)eared in Guatemala and was one of the founding members of the Frente Po-mj Lj-jortadorne of the flrat of thee vol utl ooaartite^ He participated in the4 Revolution which swept out General Pox- e, Ubloo'a suoceeser, and was elected ae an FPL Deputy to Cong rose in4 forera0 At this time he also became prominent In labor organisation work on the Pacific ooaat.

His first rouiid of radical actmtlee In Omtcmala was brought to an em. In late Spring5 when he re signed from Coogrese and went to Mee Seoretary of the new Guatemalan Legation there.. At the time ho publicly de: ledonciunlsto Tho Mission at Mosoow was short-lived and In5 he was troosferred as Secretary of the Legation in Paris whero he renalnod untilcaotimes serving ss ChargeThi-re he engaged In such activities as touring the "peoples demouraoies" of Easternlanning for the transfer of Spanish Republicanciug in Paris Coon unlet circles and0 francs V. th< Cseoh Communist-lad guerillas,* There are indications that during thia period of the Arfivtlo Administration he was deliberately being kept aon'id be suae of his recital views*

-pun teminatioo of hie assignment to Parleolleoer wentTSar ^epresentative of thee la Juvsrtud

Democrat ica de Quatrain Returning to Guatemala- ho aoeWTHc

government poaltlon ae Chief of Trarelllng Culturalnd reamed hia political and labor activity. Heirector of the PAR neropaper El Idfaertedor und began organising agricultural workers unions for tbo Confedernclonde Trabaladores de Ouatemala (ct0)o Thiseriod in which he madeery Cocmunist-llne and anti-American speeches* He also becaoo the PAR delegate to the Rational Electoral Board, He was sent bac. to Europe at the end9econd tour as Seoretary of legation at Paris, but the French authorities refused to accept hire and tha britishdid likewise when it was proposed to send hln to thogatlono

Returning toec end time0 he continued hie work as

L TM CfflC0r U'8 CTO- ctor^eTGutierrea he worked for the establishmentingle labor union federation

8

a poalt.on whose duties involve advising union locals ln strike* ar^Tho-rj^8 of th8serving as adviser and in effect leader^

eC,irflnommunist has and nore overt Stalinist

cSfha^a the later stages of his diplomatic career snd his workooS 'L?^thB preaaommunist and SiJJ^Tabruary heublic nsetlng inCommunists which at that time Wri

the Cotubrs Cc^unists

f the

0 tjo Second Party Congreso, which renamed the party the Guatemalan labor Party, net lno was elected a

Seoretary of Rvral Workers" Relations is HaxLalllano SALA2AR,

Cctntee TOtl*1to

Other membersho POT Ln tho COTO leadership aro* Cesar MO XiOhO Panlagui, Secretary of Labor Disputes, SAMP, Deputy in Antonio GSAhDO Sanchez,of Iawo and SS, Coaraunist. (See Appendix one for list oi OfflOttHi cf COTO eleotod it4 Congress-)

InternatAonai jontacte of the CGT3 ere *rith the Conmunlstt^ rather ny free labor aoTemsnt.

The 'TOenfcor of the CTAL and ef the Korld Fsdarotlor. of trade

Cniomoth of which are Coezjunlot-contioilad International later

f the COTO me opened on January 2t! withhe following *slegrsa fron Moscowi "The Central Cof Soviet Tiide Onions fraternally greets the Congrees of the Confederation w* Labor Wj wish the Congress success in Its work for the ultaxiatc iTiprowamnte oondltioiui of life and lsbor of the workerr of Omtuaaln sad for the stringthenlng of friendship and pease enong all peoples. Therv cii of the Central Council of Soviet Trade Onions, H0

Tn* COTO folio rs the authentic International Consaunist lineistlaOo

For arwBnls, Caries .anuolrinolpal leader of the COTO openrd tx sddresn to4 Congress with tha following atatneati "Today tha world is dlvidtd ln two great eacpej first, the oaarp of aeolalisa and pear' nhere aen are building happiness and whero exploltetionf hunger j> war *adployuentxist, where daily the workers uaprove their criteria'. :ad culturals Pacing this eaep built by the lntulllgexoe fiTd Tigcn irf the workora la the destructive and traglo oanp of caplteliesi endnaitlahly exploits the oppressed and persecutedere culture la withheld from then, where their wcgeo are reduoad0 where brood ie donled thet, and whero they are thrown into uncnployi1

rushed inby the world anti'faeuist coalition, parlicularly byeople, was reborn with an unheard of vigor ln the Gaiter State;

licwlng exeerT.tsOTO elnolar notice to its affiliated unions An iho eane of the death of Stalin suffluos to prove Its"Oor Cor. 'leratlon ooxusldrra lt its duty to axpreos condolence forepaiv"ices of Conrsio Stalin, founder with 7aldlnar Ulch Lenin of Vis rfcn State of Workers and Peasants in theeponsil 'fcr the definitive abolition of the exploitation of the <roi1clng siAW IncJ jf they tha capitalists and the

ezs-tary Gene aI of theorganization CNfiG,r.-s, visitedand Uescow3 under ConiaunlsttiCG juiass the lntematioral CanonistU ana OT.'L inc

f: rsiurri3 from Vienna and Uoscow, Castillo Horse described nti Ctamuiplet Third Vtorld labor Congress in Vienna ea "an event of gr*at lgtiififcfciica te the struggle of the working elasses and peasants of theeg described In glowing termr his visit to Moscow and the USSR0

Cwntr.unlst guidance of the CGTG and ita predecessor organizations isio t',ie manifestos and resolutions which they hove adopted and ul llshec v amplingem followr:

Victor ManuelZ0 speech on May8 contained the follow-of dcilariitiont

:'ine National ^Alteration front in the same way that it strug^lec to break the chains of oppression which Impede the development of our country must struggle against the theory of national isolation, ani must make ea alliance with the othered peoples of America upon the principal of fraternalsis among them, ffhichery different thing from the 'continental solidarity pacts* ard from the 'henlspheric defense'n goodn, means delivering ourselves tied hand and foot to now

The CTi? Kay Day mardfueto of iWi stated es followsi

'ihe leadership of the Imperialist camp ia at the present tume 'laving toward the* Unitedountry which hascrengthened after tha war to the point where it constituted one er? tha leadingowers, and whose great bourgeoisie, inucceed inxpanaionist plans, carries out act-ivl"rvLcularIyive In the military and strategic- economicd in the field of Ideological warfare. In Su.'epe ard in Asia the United States throuRh the Tnanan^Varshall plan pi>acaring ita :instrraaents to project Its in-perJaliat polii,'; but its plans collide with the lnf loadable resistance af ti.e of th" democracy whicli havo vigorouslys bcf the dofoise of nati caal independence ano of therrty ofvn cowrtrios. The working class and allied with ;ho most inuortant soctorsl are playing in this"olet re ordinary inportance in constitutingf. of llb-rty, in bulwarks of pence :nC i

Pi

of the cause cf national honor. Theso forcos maintain

rations without concedine; an Inch and advancef positions without bainp. afraid of theR*nts of iaueriallsm mako with respect to the danger-r >Thich canntimidate tvaak people, those who before^ taW xa armsofeated by the war of nerves- ThehV -nfro world do not want war. The workers of the entire world do rat ^ant wari the Soviet Unionim bulwark of- irdicateo that the forces of peace grouped in the denocrat.io .i'nd .nti-dmoorlollirt camp are powerful and tenacious. This mcsnsust reinfoieo cur faith and not allow ourselves to be defieither by Jear or by defeatism."

A ^teaent loaned In9 by the CorjitefiggL inttoaiody trgardaed7 and consisting of the leaooranclided the followingt

ao

Iiliere must be) the recoKiiition of the existence of the cilwUo. of societytc classes, and the internationalof tho onoBie: of the working class. Only by meowir recognition can one understand the reason justifying the .ntomatlonal fiS.en&shlp existing among the workers of the ^or'.d; the reason justifying tlie orgardsms designed to defend ard ib maintain thi; principle, such as the World Federationc.'i Unions and tho CTALi only thus can one understand tha "spudlatlon of ihooc international organ!rations which be-ira- the lnternati.oiiil irionaship of the workers by outtlisjhe service of the international.stuch as the CIT, which has turned out? tilco in world labor organisation. Only thrvmh ihe true tprroolation of these facts, can oneho reasonie central union must be affiliatedthi WFfj and tie CTAL, thus linking itself to the hie-toriJt cootiny ofht workers of tha world in the bidldlng of 'J3ttsr wtrld.**

Or Awnesolution making the following

*l) to regard tn ar- historical Imperative the inter" aaf -ru relation* Ue werfc.ng class with the Confederation ic c ds America Utlna (CTAL) and the Pederecion Slndlca: jv.crldof Twdendhef the division of occloty in classes, the working iiavlag itc; I'.iTid orientation. To accept

ii'i^Ta'class is not the Inventiont* It of tho etrugzlo with capital,lch ovny theory."

At He Third Coot if tX the CTG, heldho Clti re-

"fue i'nirdCongress of the CTO, taking into ee-the important work for the maintenance of penceorld. being accomplished by the Casnlttee of

meansoe, with headquarters In Paris, Framo,ts solidaz:.ty with the Committee mentioned in all of

steps in favor ef the highest interests of

Pcvj-th anniTarftiy meeting of the FSO on0 formallyTAL andnternational communist labordopts tnglufcions nhieh stated in part that:

he CTALevolutionary alliance

r .vjgroosive stc.tors in each country, this being annoo in faier of liberty, democracy and the progresse forces of imperialism, which areooee aggroupation of seml-coloniel

SSlDBfEMiiH& FEDERATION OF TRADE UfflONS iaair;wrlar orgar.im *hlch groups together all the wortem eflows the following basic objectives*

<i> organise and unify within itself the Syndicates of

;hu nholo world, Independent of racial national, religious vrstionsj

b) Te aid the workers to organise thoir syndicatesn countries which are less socially end ittfiutrlally

TH THE CONFEDERATION OF WORKER;WEUr- eclaring tiiat it will eolwiuylleaei'te made by reasonhat Itcomplya Statucos and Regulations! that it

nspeetAgj.-ssmsato andotl 'ight lei lte isuds and objectives which conetltwct as-iratlcn; and express thef thenic.i.

- F'ORLD FEDEHITIGN Cf?RSt-vlTu-ing -hat it will aoleeol? fulfill

e by reuson thereof; that it: .ply vlth it: Sftatestes indhat itits Agv*r. Ror.olutiona; that ititobjectivesconstitute fe

ap'-o: Vaef the workups> rsrlc.

The Tunth General Assembly of the CTG, meeting on1 passed reiiolutlono stating thati

"The Tenth General Assembly of the CTG,

1. Consistentacifist line, and with Its denunciations of all the maneuvers and acts directed tenure's favoring the bellicose threats of Imperialism, bogs the Government of the Republic to duly Instruct tho Uinletor of Foreign Relations to the effect that in tha next meeting of foreign ministers^ Guatemala energetically oppose the participation of our country in the plana for war being sponsored by the Government of the United States, refuse all contributions for the imperialist army and refuse to furnish any military bases to them, and that Cl estalso refuse ta adopt tho unworthy attitude of going to receive orders designed to 'assure the maintenance of the intonidl lnstltutlono of each country's since this means nothing else than to take measures toovement for democracy and national liberty o

"Taking into account tho threatening attitude of theof France in refusing to allow the World Federation of Trade Unions to maintain its seat In Paris, resolves to protest before that Government for this anti-democratic attitude, ae well as to ratify Its sympathy towards our world center^ the PFTU."

A Congress of representstlvea of all Important Guatemalan labor organizations met from1 to form an overall national labor federation under the control of Conn unlets, the GOTO. Part of ths work of the Congress was to pass resolutions, sone of which called fori

of peace aa "the central task of tho labei movement"g

of greetings to the Horld Peace Council and thecf tho Partisans of Peace*

Direction to the Executive Comcdtteo ef the CGTG to collect signaturesive-power peace treaty)

4* Direction to tho Executive Coraalttoe to otnd protests to tho united Nations against the action of tho Government of Toshida In Japan for the "Uatauiawa" trials 1

Conderjwtlontho Oovernment of Frio Sor&rrss in Cuba for peaking to send troapo to Korea, for closing the cewsncner Voy ana" for other antl* labor acta..

'ilio J'iiuil StaKiciont of tho CGTQ Second Ooneral Congress which rot4 Included tho declaration*

"Viorkara must march In tha vanguard In tho fight against foreign Intervention and the aggressive acta prepared against our country by Amerioan Imperialism, its lackeys In the Caribbean and In Central America and the traitors who soil national honor and sovereignty.

"Tho workers must sealouaiy guard their unity, enlarge and strengthen lt every day; consolidate their organic unity, always practice unity in action in the defense of their own and the national position) always practice union democracy) and strengthen tiie solidarity and unity of ths Guatemalan workors with their brothers throughout the whole worldthrough the International csntral organisations, the World federation of Tmde Unions and the latin American Confederation".

Cl'ilcoroduring Congress of That Orronlzetion

Jar.ua iy <?

Victor Manueleoretary General, Deputy tn Congress, Corcnuninfi-

Jose* AlbertoA, 1st Vioe Secretary Genoral3 SAG, Deputy in Cong re ae Cosmunlet0

Jose* Luisnd Vice Seoretary General, SAMF*

Eustaqulo HERRERA, Secretary of Propaganda, AERF,CSo

Geraan TOVAR, Vice Seoretary of Propaganda, STETGo

Virgilloeoretary of Organisation^ Slndleato de Trabajadores enldrlof Ccenounisto

Kertoogonea UOJ/TERRGSO, Vice See rota ry of Organization, AVIATECA0

eoretary of Culture, Slndleato de Trabajadores en CeaentoSj Secretary of Confllots^

Guillerno MaxVice Seoretary of Culture, SAG, Kesaber Central Conaittee CTALf ConmunlotB

Carlos Manuel PELLECER, Seoretary of Disputes^ Deputy in National Congress, Cooisunisto

Francisco GONZALEZ, Seoretary of Disputes, SACAQ,

Franciaoo SUSTRIAK, Seoretary of Disputes j. 0aPo

Ricardo KBNCCS^ Secretary of Labor DiaputcsB SAM?-

Cesar MONTEhEORO Paniagua, Secretary of labor Disputes, SAMF, Deputy in Rational Congress, CoectunlBto

Antonio CBAIIDO SaVwhos, Seoretary of Lews andT10SS, Cosauniets

Rone'Uo See rotary ofand Resolutions, STAU

EdoJido JE.'IDIZABALj Secretary of Foreign iielations,

R)dolfo AGUI1ARivo Ssercaary of ForeignP3,,

Rafael SOUSSecretary of Finance,ariano ARANA, Vice Secretary of Finance, SAO,

Max SALAZAR, Seoretary of Rural Worker* Relatione, TEJTIL, formerly Seoretary of Organisation of COTOp Con-unlet0

Coroamundo ATA LA, Vice Secretary of Rural Workers Relatlcns, STECAOo Addltlcral ^aoratarlca

Victor A0 LEAL, Agrarian Bank, formerly Vlee Sooretary of Organisation of COTO, Seoretary Oeneral of FSO, Member of Central Committee of CTAL, Communist,,

Nareiso ESCOBAR, Public Health

Joronlao BARRENO, FTDQ.

Floroncioantel.

Hunberto SAKATOA, ChccoliL

Vlctorlano. De Reu.

Julio DIAZSETUFCO.

C, Enrique MecDONALD, ST10SS.

Antonio LUCERO*

Fernando 7ALDES Diss.

Joae Luis RAUCS,ormerly Vioe Secretary of Agrloultural Relations, COTO, Communist,

EnriquePantaleocv,

Antonio MOLINA, Texaco-

CorKepoico CASTRO de Uoncco, IBXTTJm

Rafael DIAZ AJa% Emprasa EleotrirtOo

Joeodo LEOH. Cel Cuora,,

Armando TOHRES, Slndlcsto Pjsforsrp-

Jcsi Luislrdlcato uo Fftbrlao ONA do San iargca, ftrfaol UAKUJ Corurtaeo,que=,

OocupnntH of Pronldlun during Opening Gegnlon of1 CoW 'Conference on4

Vlotor Uanuel GUTIERREZ, Seoretary Oeneral of GOTO, CorsBunlst0

Leonardo CASTILLO Florae, Seoretary Oeneral of CNCO, PAH.

Joee Alberto CARDOZA, Deputy In Congress, Cone unlet*

Rafael ESTRADA Uonion, President of pro=Cone unleta Trabajadorea Cowanton (not connected with UNTL)0

Joso Lula CACEROS, pro-Ccmsunlat menfcer of SAMF.

Cesar UONTENEORO Paniagua, Deputy In Congress, Coecunlst

Manuel PINTO Usaga, GuatenaIan Consul General in Kexloo, Corxauolet,

Jose Luis RAMOS, Cocaiuaist.

QuiUerao OVANDO Arrlola, CNCG, President of National CongreaeeRafael SOUS Barrios

Max GONZALEZ, bailor of CGTG paper Unloadt CosEiunitt,,

UERRA, nee Secretary of Organization of COTO, Cevznxnlstc

Mario MORALES Vlelnan,

Marco A. CUELLAR, Seoretary of Labor Dieputes of FSO-GilbertO SCBERANIS, SAUF.

Otlllo MARROJUTN, Secretary of Organization of CNCQa Narolto ESCOBAR,

Carloe uanuel PELLECER, Secretary of Labor Disputes, COTG, Conrunist Joes' Manuel FORTUNTc Secretary General of the Cocnunlst Party. Julio ESTRADA de la Hds, Seoretary Oeneral of PAR-Auguato CHARNAUD MaoDonald, Seoretary Oeneral of PRGC

Jalse DIAZeoretary Oeneral of the Presidency of the Republic -

OuiaeppeHF7U0 AntonioTAL. Rafael AVILA, KTTU.

Cor-munlst Penetration of Agrarian Reform Program

The Communist Party of Guatenala was well prepared for the advent of Agrarian Reform in that country. The party adopted Agrarian Reform aa its central theme When the Admin-ietretion cent its agrarian reform bill to the Congress on Mayt was referredpecial Committee on Agrarian Reform whichfommunlata in the Congress, one pfVictor Manuel Gutierrez, was Committee Chairman. Vhether or not tha Agrarian Law wae Ccmnunlst-irurpirod, the Conmunists openly showed their interest in having the law adopted. Jortuny Secretary General of the Ccmmurdet Party, took an active part intheit tee proceedings although ho wasember of the Com-nuttee nor of Congress.

Onwo days before enactment of the Agrarian Reform Uw, Fortunyoluminous report on the subjeot to the Sixth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Paity. running to more0 words. The report endorsed the 'agrarian bill, and under the heading "Party Tasks" stated.

"It appears to me that wo are lagging behind on tbe tasks of organisation, agitation and propaganda which wo aet ourselves with respect to tho agrarian reform, both at the Fifth Plenary Session held in February and in the resolutions of the Political Comnittee not long ago.

"Let Us Remember The Report of the Plenary Session.

party must undertake the struggle for agrarian reform as soon as possible and must carry cur battle-cry to the rural maeses, to the rich peasants, the poor peasants and the medium peasants, to the semi-enslaved mozos colonos, to the workers of the field, in order to Encourage action from below which would lead to the applicationourgeois peasant agrarian reform. From new on we must unite ourselves and continue to increase our unity with the peasant organizations, paving the way for the organisation of peasant committees which will be valuable Instruments In the agrarian reform and, in many cases, will carry out the agrarian reform.'

"How long is it, for example, since we proposed to organize peasant committees and what have we done? Have wo anywhere established the foundations for thoee committees?

Have we

ilaiMselected the nest alert and conscientious workors or peasants to constitute the core of thosee hove not done sc, neither has theth tho pro-sent organizations been tightened. It ls true that we havereat deal of work with the anti-comurdst fight, in the preparation of "ay let, in tho preparationational Peace As3er.bly, and with the Peasant elieve that we could haw taken advantage of all these activities, llnkiiv the specific activity of each one with the task offons, which was indicated at the Plenary fmsslon as the primary task,"

"AGITATins AKD PHCPrCvf.t*

The Political Ccendttee decided on the creationroup of agitators and propagandists who woulc go out into the country, appropriately inforaed, for wiiichourse in ideological and practical preparation has been organized. This is the group that ls to maintain the close-est possible ties with the peasants and agriculturalorganizations and, therefore, this task znist beas rapidly and as carefully as possible. It ls necessary that the importance of this task be fully realized to encourage interest and recruits for the forratlcn of thia brigade of publlclzere of the agrarian reformnd that the densnda of the peasants and tho agriculturalbe encouTegod."

The Agrarian Law created, aa Instruments of Agrarian Keform, the tfetlonal Agrarian Department, the National Agrarian Council, Depart-cntal Agrarian Cereals si ccis, and local Agrarian Committees. arian Department, (Departaaento AgrarloAN) is charged nith responsibility for preparing tho regulations for the application o; agrarian reform, computing and paying Indemnifications under, granting titles to new landowners and tenants and otherrativu functions. The National Council and the Departmental Coo-n'ssiona adcinletrativoly review expropriation proceedings and grant-irtg of property under the law. local comnlttees, among othor tings, inventory lands in thoir areas, keep registers of rural conizations and beneficiaries of the law, and process applicationsand and award the use of lend.

o localaml

positions in tho National Agrarian Department.

The lawfeets on the National Agrarian* the CCJTO and the CNCO. The Ccnsounlat-led COTG and the CNCG were a- ch given one ofeats on the Departmental Cocriasions,yf the five seats on tne local agrarian corx'.ttees. as amended on3 to reduce the Departeontal ocmnlaalonsecbsrs, consisting of the Dorarteental Governor, and oneh of the CGTG end CNCO, thus substantially Augmenting their power at that levels and to penult the looal agrarian cceoltteoii torovisional distribution of Lend after its expropriation but prior t: itc final purvey, an authorization obviously onhancing the power of

, .jams

Edusrdo Sosa Hontalvo, Computer.

The Commimist-dominated COTG of Victor Uanuel

f*UcwSrave?ling CNCO becane especially active among rural elements Agrarian Refers wae enacted into Ian on

The COTO announced in2 it ^prlnti^ ferns on which petitions for land could be made and it_hassince obviously succeeded in creating forort her key" agrariar: reform by giving effective assistance to applicants for agrarian benefits..

The Onanists have taken advantagepon the public their importance in agrarian reform. Jose Luisr?Sr. ranreaentatlve on the National Agrarian Councilember of So PoUUcalTomlluee of the Guatemalan Communist Party was one of

to farm workers the following persons were among the speakersi

rTchalrman ef the local agrjrl^-

mltteei Joailfaniiel Fortuny, Secretary Oeneral

Manuel Gutierreo, member of POT and SecretaryOTGt

Carlos Uanuel Pellecer, member of POT and Secretary of Conflicts of

CGTG.

President Arben* himselfranscendental force in our economicave gone farwlnghands, knowing It is the most

Brill minority toignificant popular foUeeing.

Ihe growth

Trie growth of Coramurdst power through successful seizure offcipovement which during Its present stage is defined by the Communists es the "bourgeois revolution'1 brings the Comnunists closer to their objectiveictatorship of the proletariate This objective, and the present Connnunist tactic of de-emphasizing it, is clearly Indicated in the following passage from Fortuny'a report on agrarian reform of

"The Political Committee of our Party stated that the CoBZEunlsto wore in favor of 'the most advanced and complete agrarian reform which would effectively and definitively liberate the peasants and agricultural workers from all forms of oppression andThie presupposes the abolition of feudal or bourgeois property on the land, or the nationalization of all the land, giving it to those who cultivate ittep toward collective labor on tho land and the socialization of the land and of agricultural production, and aand mechanized agriculture.

"But this agrarian reform requires speoial conditlons0 in particular that it be effectedevolutionaryand for thla condition the dictatorship of thefirmly supported by the great peasant mass, for the establishment of the democratic revolutionary dictatorship of the workers and the peasants ia an essential requisite" Does this mean that the Party Is fighting for the ostabliahment of the power of thsas an Immediate issue? By no means0 Does lt aeon that because of this, it must not support *b* democratic and progressive measures proposed by the Arbenz government, which attempt to liquidate servitude and to give part of the land to the peasants, opening the way for the capitalist development of Guatemala? By no means. Does lt mean that we must not support with all our strength the Immediate demands of the peasants and the agricultural workers? Hot at all. The Communist Party le not now fighting for the step toward the power of theware of historic conditions and because of those conditions, lt must support whatever stops will lead to the definite liquidation of feudalism and the giving of part of the land to tho peasants, and It must champion the present aspirations of tbe great peasant masses and the workers of the country which pointapid and less oostly road toward bourgeois development in

"Lenin noted, in distinguishing the small bourgeois methods snd tho methods of the proletariat in the bourgeois revolution!

'The small bourgeoisie, even the more radical'" Including the party of our social revolutionaries-foresawlass struggle after the bourgeois revolution but general prosperity'*aod welfares That is why they feathered their nests beforehandAnd he addsi 'The proletarian method consists only of sweeping away all medievalism, of clearing the road for the class struggle'.

"This means that wo must not Involve ourselves In the Goat* eoalan bourgeois revolution, thnt we cannot, that we must not join with any party or class that finds Its aspirations and ambitions completely satisfied by this bourgeois revolution. And with respect to the agrarian question, If conditions exist for the elimination of feudalit should not matter to us which form of exploitation isor capitaca uno wo equally reject all forms cf exploitation and our goalocietyexploitation, the Communiat Socialist Societyo"

Illustrative of the "revolutionary manner" in which the Communists say that agrarian reform should bo carried out and of their announced Impatience with any merely bourgeoui" revolution, are the events which were widely reported In the local press as having occurred in the Department of Esculntla In December and January. According to these reports. Communist leaders of the CGTG, particularly Carlos Uanuol Pellecer, took advantage of the strength of that organization in the Esculntla region to Incite numerous disorderly peasant seizures of land which had not b'-en duly applied for and apportioned under the terms of tho Agrarian ilefor.-. Coincidental with these reported violent Invasions, the Communist newspaper Tribune Popular carriedropaganda campaign on the slogan "Hand oyer the Lendhe caopesinoa Immediately". Ccenuniat-led rural mob action if carried on without hindrance could unquestionably load to eventual developmentignificant peasant movement dleposed to violent action which would give the Ceamunlsts even greater control over Agrarian reform and accordingly over the state power*

Uoanwhile, even as these signs of Communist^lnsplred agrarian unrest were being reported in Guatemala City newspapers, further examples occurred

of

of pro-Comunlet penetration of the Aurarian Refom organivJition Itself. The official Diario de Centre Ace rice of February4 ennounced that tiio designation of Cesar Auguato Cazalf A* anresentntive of the I'lnlstry of Econoray on the National Agrarian Council ln substitutionfrain Castillo Urrutla. Caull, hitherto an employee of the National Agrarian Department, has been closely Identified withhough not known to be an admitted member of the PGT* Heounder and first Seoretary General of the Frente Unlvomltario Denocretlca (FiiD)fl the Coraunlet-frong students' organization which la affiliated with the International Students Union at Prague, He visited Huoarde and Bulgaria during the summer2 and Later wrote articles praising the present political ande tecs In theee countries for Guatemalan Cam unlet publications.

Further reflecting the atmosphere prevailing on the Coon unlet issue ln the National Agrarian Department, the Coon unlet newspaper Tribune Popula; on4 reported the appointmentoard to select an emblem for the department. The board consisted of Aeneeelaoublicly registered member of the PGT and an officer of the agrarlon section of the COTO| Hucbertoegistered member of the POT and ln charge of Its Touth Commissioni Otto ffeulcrber of the National Agrarian Council who apparently has not yet publicly admitted POTbut Aoell -knownoet and publicist: and two others, one from the Comunist-front Intellectual groupand theepreeentatlvo of the peasant federation CNCGC

TIE ADVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL COM'UNISK IN GUATEMALA PROPAGANDA DEVELOP! ENT

CoBfiujiiat propiagenda development In Guatasmla has followed Ihe fanlllar international Connunist pattern, adapted lo the geographic, economic, cultural arid political conditions of the country. It conforms to the basic tenet of Communist penetration, reaffirmed by Stalin ath foviet Coraiunlst "arty Congress inf ^entlfying the party uith as many popular aspirations and national traditions as ulogy of the Soviet regime has its part, but the dominant tone is set by attacks on propaganda targets carefully selected to build up antagonism and hatred touard free world Influence, to discredit the leaders of nations opposing CofTSunism, and to undermine domestic anti-Comaunlst leadership. The Coanunlst technique of identifying Communism with Nationalism ls the most Insidious rrsjuerade that could be staged.

In the years lnmedlately followingl Revolution, Cootruniet energise uere mainly directed toward the basic tasks of organization and leader Indoctrination, efforts which resulted in the firm entrot chnsnt of trained Ccrssunists ot tho top of the national labor movement and the constructionell-knit Ccmurdat party firmly Interlaced with the allied parties of the Left. While these tasks were carried forward, the Communist hate campaign was also advanced, in the exhortations of such men as Manuel Fortuny and Victor Ilanuel Gutiorrez even during the years they chose to deny or conceal their identity as Comminists. It was effectively furthered by follow members of tbe then hidden Coowainist party who acquired important nlaces in the field of mass communication. For exasple, the man who ie today Secretary for Propaganda of the POT, Alfredo Ouerra Borges, formerly held the noets of editor of thenewspaper "Eladio announcer on TOW, the Government radio station, and editor-in-chief of the government's Diario de Centre- Anerica, before he left publicto become Director cf the Communist paper Co tub re and to help found tho Corirsunist oarty of Ouatemala. Huberto Alvarado,oader of the POT, usein theffice ofnd Propaganda9ernardo Alvarado ttonson, .'ecretary of Organization of the PT, before the emergence of that party similarly had held such posts ae editor of the political oarty newspaper "Siditor of the dally newspaper 'Diario ue la Banana" and special reporter for the government Diario do Centra Ana rice. TTarlo Silva Jonana, Secretary for Education ofT today,eacher until his promotion to Jnder Secretary of tho 'Unlstry of Educationhortly thereafterosition ln the President's Office of lhiblicity and Propaganda. This he held untilhe nonth he publicly avowed his Ccrmminist affiliation.

'b these and other Cosfsunlst leaders turned from Journalism to management of the Communist party, they left others well qualified and well olnced to carry on their work. Carlos Alvarado Jerez, an avowod Conmuniat, regains Director of the ttitional tadlo Stationnd last July acquired the additional authority of Director General ofioiuil^

h Jurisdiction orer all tho radio stations of tho country, 'ledardoell known Honduran Connunlst, ronains on the editorial staff of the Dlarlo deerles . Raul Lelva, faithful propagandist for Cofminlsn, remains in the President's Offico of 'ubliclty and Propaganda,ro up of similar rinded man advance the Coresunist line In ths dolly newspapers Nuestro Dlarlo and Dlarlo del Pueblo, tbe latter being the party orpan of the Partido de ta Revulucfon Ouatemaliaca.

Inhe Coorainlst weekly newspaper Octubre appeared, its first editions being distributedelatively few carefully selected readers. As the organisation it represented gathered strength to launch itself as an open politicalear later, the propaganda task of Octubre broadened. Ont earned the recognition of the Cowdnfom orpan calledasting Peace,eople'sublished in Luc barest. In sn artlcla offering criticismdance. Inctubre's editor Guerre Borges wrote, "It cannot bo denied that In the short life of the Communist Party of Guatemala important successes in Dropaganda have been attained. Propa-anda la nothing other Urn to take to tho masses the truth about their own situation, laid bare by the light of tho science cf tbe oroletarist, which is Marxism-Leninism."

There had Indeedarked increase In the volume of Communist oropa'enda activity beginning inmuch of It having to do with the so-called "peace" movement. ThismTunlet creation has flourished with exceptional success In Quo to main, whore it is heavily relied onevice for the more subtle dissemination of Corvaunlst propaganda. Tha Rational Connlttee for Peace was organised as successor to some previous "peace" organizations9 by fortuny, Gutierrez and Solorzano after their attendance at therld Peace Conference in Paris in April of that year. Ita first Secretary Oeneral was Jaime Disseader of the RN political partyecord of consistent support of the Connunlst line.

uatemala's Connunlst party revealed itself publicly, giving heavy stress to the bogus "peace" theme, and in'-orio Silva Jo nana ofT became Secretary General of the National Peace Committee, apparently assigned by theto stimulate and guide its activities. The PCO node "peace" its central thornsogether with agrarian

reform.

The "peace" slogans inspired by the Kremlin were nowhere more asaldiouoly exploited for Corsmunist benefit than In 'uatenala, in manifestos and meetings generously publicised by the newspapers and radio facilities collaborating with the CoPRonlst narty. The following example accurately describes the type of Connunlst Dropaganda effort which has come characteristic of Guatemala in recent yearet Onhe pro-Government newspaper Dlarlo do la Varansanifesto addressed to the youth of Guatenala exhorting iF" to ad ho re to the Third "orld Touth festival to be held In Berlin onmphasizing the "peace" theme and listing as Its supporters the usual roster of Ccmusunlst-front organisations and trie youth sections of the

Drincipal political porticov This festival wan int-controlled demonstration hold In :nat Berlin which was designed 'x> pronote the myth that world youth surreortod Stalinism. The host organization was the only youth group permitted in tho cjrtet ue, the Coessuniat replica of 'lltlor Youth, whose mortars are trained and encouraged to denounce to the police anyone, even their parents, who nightord of critlclsa of the Soviet regise in East He many. I'-evertheless, the Dlario de Centre Anerica, the officialull page oi" Its1 editionlorification of this Coraminist event by tho Coanunist front Sakor-Tl group of intellectuals. The peace theme was repeated over end over,ote was oubliahedbest wishes for the Festival, signed by the following eleven Deputies oflonal Congress: Julio Estrada de Is Iloi, Jose Alberto Cardoza, I'arco Antonio Villaraar, Fernando derras, Francisco Fernandas, Alfonso Fortuny, Cesar Ttontengro, Victor Tlanuel Gutierres, Jains LarriosIgnaclo Hunberto Ortis snd Sofcerto Oiroo Lenua.

Onhe official Diarlo de Centro America reported the return of tie Guatemalan delegation, headedu tor to Alvarado, In the following enthusiastic termsi

"Their faces shone with health, still reflecting the happiness which they found in the popular democracies. Healthy in tody and nind, they appeared as recent arrivalsew latitude, in this case our -dddle-western world where life ia so different from tiiat which for some tine they were experiencing in the countrias of socialism and democracy or tho people.11

The Communlets lit Guatemala continued to bo uniformly successful in paining copious circulation of their propaganda in the pro-Cowiunist oress of tho country under tho tag* /or instance, the 'iarlo de Centrelca oneported the si raring of the Korea truceulletin of the National *'eace Committee which said in part, "the 'intional Peace Coenittee in naxing known with joy and enthusiasm this news whichriumph of tho world peace movement, calls upon all Guatemalans who love peace to participate,ign of the Joy that fills us, with all persons, dottwerotic organizations, civic and beneficent lnstitlons, political parties and the people in general, tho Day of Celebration for the Signature of the Korean Armisticei Friday. Virtually all of the top half of the front page was devoted to Mm* activities of the -eat and state-rents by its leaders, thus stressing the alleged connection of the Soviet sponsored "peace" noTement with conclusion of the truce.

At tho sow time, the pro-Comriunist newspaper Nuestro Dlario printed an articleul Leiva of tho Presidential Press and Inform-itTIn Office in which, after referring to the warlike appotitegreat power".

ba said, "AU the military night or that great power care

to try to humiliate and crush this small people: itsstJon, lto infantry a'xl navy sent across theravelling thoosao lao makeiving hell, hut, despite these diaboli-al instruments of was extemlnation, despite the napalm and Lacte'..'nrrare, TOiY FAILED. Pnd they failed bocauso the peoples of Atria ware awnkerinr, snd there were some who were able to chock those fOTOOtt, offering their vigorous support to the nearly defenselesseople. Hundreds of thousands of young Americans are buried in norea. that uus the traric price paid for so stupid on adventure. Most of then -vra led to the slaughter lulledschlavsllian propaganda which atislwi! teem and caunid them toypothetical and ever mere adultera'eft

' doacy'

CCKfflBIST PROPAGANDA EVENTS IR GUATEMALA

90 tbe Co-camlets In Ou&teeele Increased theirfor propaganda output by continuing to develop the Treat" oforganizations. Within those organizations, with their orcell but active moxbershlp end thoir adherence to central CcEsnjnlat directives, propaoalo and protoota ere placed and agitated end rcemarge In tho fore of actions, announcements and resolutions which ere roflocted in tbe press and radio.,

Tho organisation of ocasas well developed but not coapletod The following units uero lnolodod In iti

Confedorncior. General de Trobajadores de Guatemala (CTG)

Comite Naclonal do folded Slndicel (CNUS)

Poderacicno Trabojadores de Guateaala (PSG)

Comite loiltlco Nocicnul de los Trabajadorcs

i'ortldo Revaluelonarlo Obrero de Guatemala (FROG)

Cotubre Group

Saknr-Ti Group

Corel to de Partidarios do Lo Pas

Allan re Perdnlna Guetouijlteca (aFG)

Alienza do Juventud Dooocratica Guatetialteea (aJDO)

This llat shows the extcnalcn of control over labor organisations which had occurred through creation of unification cccnittces, cs well os tho open Identification of labor organizations with political action.

i0 and tho previous year tho erection of thogreatly increased Ccomirtlst capacity to draw in and use nunbors cf nco-Ceosrunisto for tho sdvancecont of tholr propaganda.

1 the list of Corcmunist front organizations undorvent aono changes and tho Communist party emerged as such. Tbe organizations carry-in5 on Communist propaganda were as follows:

Comite Kucional do la i'wa

Alianua do la Juventud Dooocratica do Guatemala (aJDG) Allanto Feminine Guatenalteca (AFG) Confedoxaclon General do Trnbajadoreo (COT) Fedoruolcu Slndicel do Guatemala (FSG)

Confedei-aeScnde Trabojadores de Guatemala (CGTG)

(CCT and FSG combined in October to fcra CGTG) Slndleato do Trnbejedorea de Sducacion de Guatemala (STEG) 'ertido Ccaurtieto de Guatemala (rCG) Fartida invoJ.uclon Obsro deRCG) Sr.kar-TJ. Group

1 an increase- ln tho volume of CoBtnuniat propaganda activities occurred, with particular emphasis placed on tho those of "ioace." Among tho eventsuace poster contost by the Sokor-Tlj celobrution of tbe 6tb anniversary of the tcuclwra union STEG vdth publication of noreage ofnti-OS axtlclos by such Ccerjuolsts aaAVC Lotcllor, Oscar Sdmundo ictor Kanuel Outlorres and hafael Tlochlori ether meetings on similar Corssunist thoces wore attended at various timoo during the year by the foreign Ccaauoists Joseof Cuba (Fobruurylejondro LXrSClQTZ of Chilealvador Ga.'CIA Aguero end Juan HAHIKIXXO of Cuba. Their speechos were quoted at full longth In tbo Pjarlo,Centre. Are rice and the Dlnrlo de,

la. idafina-

Oneeting was held in the hall of the Cocmunist "Jacobo Sanchez School" ut uhiah Josa Manual Fortuny attackod tho Con-foronco of Foreign Klnistcre, tbo North Atlantic Sect, and tho Hlo do Janeiro fact, contrasting tho two treaties with the treaties be two in tho Soviet Union and tho "peoples'hlch, ho atotad, wereto further peace.

Cn "arch, andongress of tho Allanza de la Juvontud temocretice do Ouatemala, the Copgiwilst-donlnoted youth organization, tho rostrumoundlng board for attacks cm the United States andof the Cerecunist poaoo line. The ovent recolvod consldorebleln the govorrsscnt-ccntralled press and radio.

R3 markedolobrotlon of International -kmon's Day. Although designated an act of hcaapo to Guatemalan women, tho speakers devoted thensolvos no inly to tho thomcs of "peace" andn tho saro day the Diario do Cer|trp America and PLerio de. in. ljanans gave ganorous space to anti-tailtod States andarticles written by local wonon.

After thoseublic mooting una hold on .'larchy the CcjjlSjO Jtofcasaaflirftidarlos, de. laho first such meeting evouoily organized by that group. It wus attended by foreign Ccraaunlsto, cs has been described. Tho most substantial ft-In won In the "peaco" propaganda offort of that period wis Inclusionlodge to support tbo campaign in tho platform of the finrtido Accjon .nvoluclorarin. thon tho most poworful political party ln Que tonal a.

Tho offoctiveness of this propagundo oaapcifTincreased by the support which it received lr. the official and semi-official newspapers.

As principal speaker ot tbo opening sossicnongross for the Unification of tho Guatemalan Labor Iloveront on Octccorf tbo seme

yasr, Vicente Uxsbardo Toladnno cofendod tbo position of the U'jSR in an

address which was brotdcant in extcnoo by theofficial radio, TOW. Aftor saying that "one of tho underlying alma of thianovcoant ia to do fond our culture, tocch democracy, and let nothing hlndor our progroaa," Ixaabardo Tolodnnoefinition of Imperialism in relation to CoccnaUcm which sot tho tone for later interpretations of thia subjoct.

In order to attack Communism, one nust understand juat what Ccanunisn la,ool safe in saying that those who havo ottackod Connruniam do not know what It really la. e re-fore, how con anyoneoes nott Cccxaunlani io know what dangara lt holds. What they havo dono ia to confusewith imperial

At another point In thia, Locbcrdo Tolodnno declared thato supproas tho rights of can." Ilo then said that the "high oliicfo of tbo antl-Constinist campaign woro not born inhoy ixire born In Washington. If there wore no anti-Ccsnxmist campaign in Waahington, there uculd to none In Qua ternssurelao assure you that It would not exist in any other parts of tho uorld."

Tbe CTAL Prooldont also assured tho Guatemalan workers that thoy would not bo alone In thalr "struggle fora thoir efforts had tho support of tho CTAL and "the glorious -ITU." He closodinal phrase containing tho current Connunlst countersign: "Death toi and long live peace among the man and peoples of the world."

Tho poacoremained the key motive for Communist propaganda PJarjpo, Kaajsaj on February2 pubUshod tho first call Issued by Itoberto Alvoredo Puentes, Victor Ibnuel Gutierrez ond others, for tbo national Itoaco Assembly to bo held. The Allan cn Koclnliyi de Ouato:relo engegad eotively In prcparntions and advancefor the ovont, all of which received wide publicity In tho official and pro-govorrc.cnt nowspepora and over the official radio station TOW, Cn Keyhs Dlarlo do Gantro Acsrlea devoted clmoat its entire literary and art pegs to poaoo topics. Tftiostro Dlarlo ond La. ;iorp clsopoaco Ilass" arranged by -wrbera of the AFG, to Ublofa "all tho Catholic peoplo of the Capital" were invited.

From Junohroughho Conuunlst mass organizations and tho CGTCeek of "solidarity with the iVwplo ofho pleas ware directed by tbo CGTC iaeacutivo Ccnmittoe and sponsored by the CGTG, tho AFG, tho AJDG, FDD and Jckor-Tl, all Ccczaailst front Tho progna op mod uith publicotiou in Kucstro Dlarlo or. Juno2anifesto 3igned byoputios of tho National Congress which

charged that the Korean pooplo had boon subjected "to the coat infamous moans of anon extermination, including bacteriological uarfaro."

Tlio oirtont to ubioh tho official andproas and radio gave publicity to this CccEiuniot-diroctcd propounds campaign use Thearlo. do. Centro America, carried five releasos by tho Ccr.mlttco, while Kuoatro hln rip devoted equivalent opoce to noua coverage end carried on editorial on Korea repeating the Cctamnlst versions of tho conflict. Tho official radio station also carried such Horeargiving thointerpretation of ovontn. Standard propaganda themes wore unod during tho week. Tho United nations forces in Korea, particularly thoso of tho US, were described as "inpo rial letnd in oxprooolrg "solidarity with the Korean pooplo" tho Ccaouniato in general omitted rofcrenco to the ooplo of South Korea and the fact thet thoso |ooplo uoro fighting alongside tho troops of tho United Ilatlona. Invariably tho reforoncos do do to "solidarity" were couplod withof tho alleged "use of bacteriological weapons" by tho forces of tlioo too, and chargoo of "nosancrcn of defenseless Korean und Chinoso priscoots by Asjorlcan troops."

Tho Contninist weekly Octubra on Sept.2 reportederm warfare film was shown at on Augustpeace" neetlng of the AFC, held ln tho govorerraont-ownad Dolores Qodoya School.

23 tho official radio piblicizod tbo attendance of OuatOTDolan dologatoa to nootingo of the World Iboco Organization hold in Europo and Asia. Inrotests regarding tho USmont of tbo .loaonborg troa3oncolvad space in the official press. In March, tho death of Stalin became tho occasionessage offrom tho "revolutionary Deputies" of the National Cor gross. It wno signed by tha President of tha Congress, broadcent by thoic end contained rofcrenco to the doatb of "tho great loador Josefs "an Irreparnblo loss to tho universal movement for tho liberation of peoples and for uorld panco."

Ao tbo possibility of an armistice in Korea bocame apparent, the grotcdvork una laidovitchow point of agitation ln uhich the acts of the UZSli would be treated ao bcnovolent uhllo ell United States policy and notion wore characterized as guided by "Imperialism" end desire for war. Tbo official radio carried on its hoco service broadcast onhe statement that "there aro thoso ubo aro against po-aeo bocauoo they derivo hemofits fromhose aro thowfcctrying to coubino tho Indechlnese and Korean prchlcCiS ao oa to Increase tho Impasse." Tho report uont on to dovolop tbe idoa that tho Lidoohincoo ere "fighting for thoir freedom againstnvndora" trnit co denyirg tholr ari?ht to self-determination."

In April, the Cuatcrsalan General Confodoretlon of Laboragain the vehicle for spreading propagandaroly Ccuounlst matters having little or no relation to workers' intor03ta. Tho affiliated unions vere called upon toy for tho trans porta tion of Guatemalan dole-gates to tho 'Jorld ieaco Conference, to address petitions for tho paidon of Julius end jithol liosonborg to the Prosidont of tbe United -itaten, and to support the Conaunist-crntrolled notional cud intornctlonal conference on "Defense of the ^vi^hts of Youth" and the Conramist International Social Security Ccnforenco. Of six tonka for the Confederation for the year listed by Unidcd. tho Control Organ of tho CGTG, fourconcerned uith matters outsido the normal province of labor: ictional Conference of Syndicetco for the Defense of Pw.ce j atlonol Conforenco of Syndicatoa for tha study of problems of social security; nternational Conference of Agricultural .torkera cad Foresters convoked in Vienna byU$ ond A) Third Conferees of tho WFTU, toull Guateaglan representation nust bo ssnto

Editions of various bullotina end organs of tho CGTG, AFG, and other Ccceunist-dooinatod mass organizations ware brought out in June toL'itli the mooting of tha National Peace Committee. Tne Secretariat of Press and iTopaganda in the Presidency took full pagein several of them to publicisogroxaa

A Ccnznrnist-line interpretation of expression of or.ti-Gcncami-stwas given over tho govorntent radio on3 end lies appeared generally in Guatcaslan pro-CcEnamist proas and radio broadecstssince. In thia propaganda, anti-Cwounlsa ioith "reaction." Anti-Ccuacunlsn continues to be bore, as alsouhoi'e, Hltlorien agitation against publict was statedG. Tho sa'oa dey oDothor broadcast of TGUA interpreted antl-CosEtunism naFor scoo years, there have boen opon enemies to the independent prograas of ourhe fight for cur national independence con appear dangerous and pro-Occniuniat only to tba suoro enemies cf our*

Continuing closo relations betuocn the Cratoninlaii local iasarod tiie acin centersrld Cceaunisia have been publicised regularly in tho govcrnaacnt-owaod press snd radio. Uous of congratulations to tbs CGTG from tha VfFTD inas reported by TGWA; travel end return cf Guateaalana vioiting Vienna, larla, Budapest, Prague end Moscow, hssegularly reported by tho government radio aad press. Radio TGiiA ropartsd on Juno3 thatFTU, mcotlag in Paris, had sent ceo--grattiUtSorj* to the CGTG on its "firm and vigorous attitude toward tbo tbroaia of

OneGWA ropoi-tsd that the Gsnorsl Ccnfeds radon ofsd ngviSu called ca affiliated unions to appoint dologates to rade Union Pooce Assembly,ew ngaa bad bean

devised for ths itoacc propagandists. Tho official radio carried thothat CGTG loadors hcd reminded tbe unions that activity of this nature would "incroaso tho strength of tho democratic offorts of tho populor forcoa."

Throe resolutions adopted by tho G^ tension Dopcrtoont Peocouhlch followod In July, wore given ample publicity by government and pro-gevommont pross and radio. Tho resolutions passed by thoI'baco Assembly provided tho Cocsrunlst masc organizations with now propaganda tboaoa, all of which supported international Ccanuniat objoctiva namely, lleged threats to national sovereignty, dvocacyive Power peaco pact and negotiation among thove re, rganization and extension of tbo pecco novoasnt.

Tho campaign for Dig Fouor Negotiations received support from radio 1QUI and was promoted through tho mass organizations by tho national Peace Conmlttoe drive to obtain signaturosetition for no got lotions among the OS,R, Franco and "tho fcople'a Kopublio ofoch ccoponont of tho now uoll-doflnod "front" of Cccmaiist-dccilnatod organizations pledged to obtain given numbers of algnoturos. It uaa claimod In Trlbuna ftipulnr of Docember0 signaturos had been obtained.

By Bsccnbor, bouover, of tor the truce In Korea it was evident that tho peace movement una losing its appeal. Tho CGTG declared tooemborDay of Solidarity witb the Vlet-Itaaooe Peoplo" In their "fightberet ion against the French invasion, supported, financed and guided by Tonkeo imperialism." Tho attondanco was small, and tho event of little interest compared with tbo CGTG's "anti-intorventlonn caspaign, but onco again Uluatrotod tho uso of Ccnmuntst-oontrollod Guatomolon labor and mane organizationsf Interregional Communism,

In Augustho official radio announced that tho CGTG would apply that week farto the Confederation of 'Workers of latin Amoricu and the World Federations of Trude Colons.

Tho propaganda directors of tho Communiat nnss organizations now turned their attentiononeusd drive to discredit the Intentions cf the USntomala end to Interpret the situation of Guatemalais the DS in terms favorable to international Conmunlam objeetivoc Aircng these Interpretations, sons of tho rub).icat!ens of tho fronttiooa boron turning Btotoaanta so as to imply that tho DSSR hod trfsnpn in tho vox in Korea and wan being obstructed in Its offorts to restore peace by CS ncn-cooporatioQ0 TOTJA on Decemberiscussedrelation with the OAS on the "National Hour" program, and announcr that "nil tho political parties of the revolutionerol civicaticnu havercrandm. In support of tholr govommcnt for ths

stand it took against tho US proposal to discuss CocBuniat Infiltration ln tho who represent tho dorocratio organisationa of our country, vlah to stateoition to tha pooplo and, at ths samo time, esk tho people to give unstinted support to tho government.

During this period numerous nets of homage to tho ooaory of the lata Josef Stalin wero organised by various units of the Cccmunist noes organizations, and uoro puhllclzod by Radio TG-JA. Cnho local press roproducod on artlolo from ttos cow's Pravda supporting the Ou^toaolan Govornmont. Prqvda was quoted ua aaying that "Guataraln una not clone" ln its struggle for lndopendonoe.

In tho uooks thnt folloued, the moss organinations, tho government radio and newspapers Intensified criticism of the US and revealed the native coaomlcotior. botuean Quateoala and international Comrwniam, On Januaryt was announced over TO.hat democratic Progressive Youth Alliance Comittoes were being formed, to soot every SundayGustemln to select delegates lnation for tho Touth Post!vol scheduled for

rKB AOTATCE OF IKTSRHATIOSAL COKSIMISM IN GUATEttL* TRAVEL AND CONTACTS

Travel froa Guatemala to Centers of Jnterr-ntional Coanur-isn

8 many travelers have cone from Guatemala to Cccnmunist-sponsored international nr-etiirja in distant parts of the world.

>'unds to nay for these costly trips, formerly possible only for the rich, are believed to be supplied in large part by the international Communist organization. Local affiliates of the peace rcovoment or WFTU have sany tinea announced canpaigns to collect funds to pay the expenses of delegates, but nothing further indicates that the campaigns actually toko place. In one instance, oarly inandbill waa Issued calling on the unions and labor federations to supoort the National and International Conference in Oefense of the slights of louth and the International Social Security Conference and suggesting that each union comunieate with the IGSS (Institute Ouateraltaco de SoruridaJ Social) headed by pro-Communist Slfonso Solorzano 'and request the TOSS to pay Urn iravel expenses for Comrade Aguirre to attend the youth conference and 'larco A. Cuellar tlio Social Security Conference. Whether the IOSS, anB'ency of tho governmont, supplied funds as sup-ested is not known. Victor Ttanuel Gutierrez, secretary reneral of the CGTG, at one tliw* cane underattack for accepting one of these trips; ho declared that Ids expenses to East terlln had been paid by tlio WFTU, while those of his further travels to and within the Soviet Jnion were paid by Soviet labor organizations. The Guatemalan Oovernmant allowsiplomatic passport for this travel.

Gutierrez, Solorzano, Luisagon, Jose Tanuel fortuny, Leonardoores, and Roberto Alvarado Fuentes are the only members of what nay bc called the "senior" leadership of the Guatemalan Coraamlst narty and labor organizations who have made the Corrainist "prand tour" to l'oscow and Eastern Suropo. The utility to Jforcow of direct contact with these loadini; Guaternlan Corsnunlsts is obvious. The echasln otherwise is nut on youth. In selecting delegates or Invitees, the Connuniets obviously hone tliat they may disoovor raw material for potential leadership. In thia connection, the Bolshevik emphasis on the power of the vanguard and on tbe constant application of approved ideas is of interest. It has been applied iany times In the advance of International Coaimniisn In Guatemala, but In ix3thing else more clearly than ln tho travel program.*

n politic*

rSnLg of

Kill denend on the leaoershjo. This elite . eiznick,

ecisive elenont in Comnurast^

"The OrganizationThe Rand, iui.I

Invitations to travel babied tho Iron Carta In also aro extended from time to time to tho political exiles from other Latin American countries who live In Guatemala. Presumably the expectation of the ultimate epooaors of these Journeys Is that ths exiles eventually will return to their own countries and become Ccnaunlst agitators andthere,- Interesting oo porlsona oan be made In this eonneotiom Antonio Ov&ndo Sanchez, now somewhat of aa elder counselor In the Guatemalan Oonmunlst-laboreceived training and indootrlnatlon In Moscowouth. In Imprisoned for Cosmoniat activity in Guatemala, he was do sooner released, afterevolution, than he started working vigorouslyoomamiot organizer. Solorzano, now chief of the Gna teen lan Social Security Institute, re pre aen te the exile group of the same generation. During the time of tho Ublco government be lived in exile In Mexico, where haember of the Ccomuniat Party. After4 revolution, he returned to Guatcaala and began participating in Comnunist party and labor organization^professing that be no longer bad connections with Cc=amisn.:

Tha reeent travel of Guatemalan young man and women to Eastern Europe and Asia undoubtedly fav> advanced the Interests of international Communism In latin America. The beneficiaries of these tripe spend one to three months traveling, are taken on carefully oondueted bourn. fed and entertained agreeably t moot of than are from families unao-cuetomed to the luxury of travel, and they tend to return to their native country not only well indoctrinated but In an exalted state of ralndJ (Witnesses to tho homecoming of one of ths groupa of Guatemalan travelers recently vere surprised to observe that so many af then wore Russian overcoats and cape they appeared to be infter the tour la fin*abed the travelers, naturally feeling under obligation, tend to pay back the debt with fulsome praise, often in poetryr all of which redounds to tbe continuing propaganda advantage of the DSSR.

Therehronologloal list of meetings abroad undercontrol which have been attended by representatives frcomalan organizations,.

Contact and liaison were established between Guatemalan Coocamiaie and sources ef outside advloe and support from Thelabor organisations bo came affiliated with CTAL and theIn the first years CTAL lenders free outside caw- to Guatemala, 8 the Guatemalansbeginning to travel themselves, Victor Manuel Gutierroi, Secretory General of tha CGTG, attended CTAL meetings in Mexico In July,he wentroup of ctal officials froa other latin Amerioan countries to the WPTD meeting at MUnn Be also attended, in April of that year* the First "orld Council of the sc-collod "Partisana ofald in Pnris. Also inho attended meetings of CTAL In Mexico and the *FTU in Berlin.

Tbo serioe of group vlalta which developed,onaldercble eeque:,ce of coataota between Gueteualen ikiacawists and eyapathlsera tn &ttvpa> Uilut present one of tho sort activenta of tho Ccaaunist peace rnd youthwaa of leftist inclination before heppointednn Ambassador to Moscow Carles Manuel Pelleoor war elready oneggreseivo Coeriunist propagandist ct that- tlaa, when heeoretary of mission ecereditod to thond the formerly free Italtle States.,

raSJeuer has been for eoceember of the Genoral Council of the World Federation of Tradeeith Viator Albert Leal ae hit alternate! Victor Manuel Gutierrez, Secretaryf CGTG,ember of thoCommittee of tbo WFTU andember of the Prcaidina of the Third World Congress of WFTU0

Gutierrez haa been described as possibly tho nost conscientiousreunlot in Guatemala. Els appolntaentecner of ths KrjautWo Committoo of then ba taken, however9 ae based on hie ra^ue aa tha dominant figure ho on organizedhe throughs ks usA pxtsuto the advancement of Ccsanmiem In GuaUriala and otherof Latint haaed elsewhere that7 haats oignal Interest in the CGTG by Bonding Giuseppe CeaadsS of its International Bserd of Diroctare ta attend the Second Rational CGTG Convention*

There ere tij Guatemalans listed na officera of tho World Peace Oom-nlttee aer of the International Association of Dunocratic Lewyerso Dorarancspeaker at the Copenhagen Congress of toe World Federation of Domoeratland following the Cougrors th* Guateaalan delegates uerB invltod to vlait tbo USSR-.

Vlotor ManuoS GuUerrea entered WPTO through theeetlngs of ths latter In Kexlcc, beginningB, Ine wentroup of CTAL officiate free other Latin American countriee to tho WFTU moating at KAlen, Hs clooa April of thathe First World Council of the Partlaaus of Pesos, bald in Paris. ttended neoUnge of CTAL ln Herico and of the WKfU in eVnr.Un-

truol Fortuny end Alfonso Solorsano sleo traveled abroad1 tho year of initial aotivity of the "peaea"vrtjny and Gutierrez ail attended tho Fr.riaour of the Soviet Sotellito ereca.

Gutierrss attended the Berlin Laborf WrTUL* andha'- year teat to

Aa *ho drive Co expend Soviet pjcpcijsBdc. by means cf theease msaftnt was prc.ooed forwardL, tho etroas of visitors goiuj from Guatemala torcpo lncroaeed considerably Ouatomaicb i'temntltnal toannle: front naettftagp thiaeoforward Cf *jaJJ-ated Xr. thet;

Sorlln Touth Festival, Lerlln; AugustTorres,ctive in Corrainiot youth affaire, son of lllcaraguan Corcainist In exile in Guatemala} Octavio Ileyeo, RllgO Larrios Kloc, loader of AJIC; Huberto Mvnrndo, youth loader of tho Connunlst party, PQT.

.orld Pence Conference,oventior,toterto Alvarado Fuentes, "resident of tho Ouatemlan BaUonal Congress; and Luisrngon, Vice President of the National Peace Cotnittee.

'ffTjJ Conference, Lerlln, Movents rstaled above, Victorecretary Oonoral of thoiie onlyattending.

I to ni sphere Peace Conference, Montevideo, Marchthis un-successTurwcliTtdralv cba^WnTT, deslcned to support the peace movement, MM attended by four "wteiwlans.

The International Confnrr-nco in >fensc of Children, Vienna,as attendee! by nine Guatemalanali vo a.

The Allanza Fe-^nlna Guatowilteca aent Doraranco, new rficretary General of AF0,and Lily de Alvarado, falvadoran Comunist, Esther do Urrutia, Siena L'arrioe Sine, Official oftional Agrarianax Salasar, Jecrotary for Farm Relations of COTO, Victor Leal, LuninesB Secretary of thooaquin Artiga de Loon, Paulino nvalle, editor of government Bugetro Dlario and Captain Terendo Guillen, Governor of the Cepa'rtmnt of ^culntla, also attended. Dora /ranco was one of the Conference speakers. From Vienna she travelled to Franco, Italy, Oermany and Czechoslovakia.

Tbs r'oficow iCconordcas attended by VictorJoserdosa, currently Vice Secretory General of CGTG and Ilarlo Cilva Jonama, editor cf Octubre. Card oca and Silvant onscow to Pekinr to attend both the Preparatory awl full dross Viatic ?n' Pacific ?nace Conferences. The Preliminary Conference was held in June, the full dress Conference wjs alao held in "eking,eotonber. Tlw Ouatemalan newspaper Lc Itora cf Junoaserted that prior to the ^renaratory Asian andTaiif Lc Pease Conference, Peking, f'ario Silve Jonar-i, tlio leader of the delegation, went to KVxleo where nn received funds for the travel expanses' of the deleeatou. Tito delegation fromluded nine alien exiles. Tie full delegation for tho Septosfcer seating was listed as follows* Ottc laol Gonzalez, leftist poet of Saker-Tl group,tnia ValenzueLn, Secretary of Minutes of MDG, Mario S. Jonama, Joss GuilLan, delbsrto

Torres, tlicararuan long known ao Cocriunisti Carlos Alvarado Jerez, director of radio station La Voz de Guatemala* Jose Alberto Cardoaa, Co-ranunlfit denuty* Manuel Sanchez, pro-Communist inJaldo Chaves Velasco, falvartorani Juan 'ntonio Crua franco, "'resident of National Peace Cornitteoi Francisco Galieia del Vnlle,eon Valladares Ticara-uan nsycJtolct-isti and frta. Carnen Koran,cretary of Children's Cocrdttee ef AFG. Crua Franco had the title of leader of tho Ouatenalan delegation} Carlos Alvarado Jerezf ^cretary ofelegation.

The International Students Union Council, lield atiiractecY the following Guatemalans: Jose Studolfo ,'fruilar Gonzalez, Felicito Alegria 'Wrera, Sigoberto Padilla,Villacorta, Max Arnando Villasenor Estrada. This was followed ine WFTU foclal fccurlty Conference, attended byuatCEalaas, headed by Victor itanuel Wtierraz. Gutierrez returned to Guatemala after the conference but four weeks later, ine returned to iurope and went on to Moscow. Immediately upon Ms return to Guatemala frca Moscow he took the major oolitical atop of dissolving the PRCG labor party which he had organized, and invited the members to go with hia into the Connunlst party of Guatemala, of which Fortuny was and still is Secretaryhis action was in full accord with the Hoscow party position calling for unified labor and party organizations.

Another liorld ?eaca Conference was hold in Vienna, inttended by four Gualsnalan d'olorataa.

The 'orld Congress ofmen, held in Copenhagen3 andrld' Feo^ration oftnions meeting were attended by Doraranco, Irna Chavezvarado, and blona Leiva de Hoist

of the AFG,

Two Cornunist-eponsored meetings3 attracted large delegations from Guatemala, namely the Budapest meeting of the World Peaceune,and the Bucharest youth meeting in" August^ ere attended by Marco Franco, Prof. Oscar Kdmundo T'alraa, Secretary of Propaganda for Guatemalan National Peace Committee, director of STEGber of Central Committee of the PGT and Colonel Carlos Paz Tejada, forraerlv chief of the armed forces.

A delegation numberingembers, and accompaniedarimba band of tan Dlayers, went from Guatemala to the Fourth iiorld Festival cf Touth and ftudents in6T* The 'wisoersAlegrxae, Noel Kojiaeporter of Prensa Libre (non-Cowsunist paper)arker of the PBPGe The most important

mnDcra of this delegation ware Hugo Barrios alee, Julio stoves,of Organizr.tion of PUD; Carlos Castas da of the FUD publication! Carlos Enrique Dardon of the AJOD. Seven of those present went on to tho ussr, including icstevox and barrios Klee. One of tho main results of tills congressesolutionask for the Latin American affiliates toFestival of Friendship of tho Youth of Centraland the Caribbean"U.

In Octoberix Guatemalans attended the Vienna congress of the WCTU, including Tabriel Caney Ordonez, Leonardo Castillo Florae, recretary Oeneral of the Tarn Workers Confederation, CUCG,s del Cid "arcia, 'lbino Oercla, Jose Luis Haroe Martinez, and Victor "anuel Qutlerrez.

Inooting of the International Association of penocrntlc Lawyers waa hold in Vienna. Two Guatemalans aternai-idoz Cobos,istrar of Guatenala,enber of the "olitical Comlttee of rnnd Ernesto Capuano, administrative chief of Ub national Agrarian Department, who acts as Administrator ln the absence of the chief of the department.

* last visitor to the Soviet Orbit from Guatesmla3 remains to be mentioned: Oabrlel Carney. Carney went to Moscow prior to tho local elections in the town ofone of the few towns of sizable population ln Ouatemala, and was elected ln absentia, with the help of this well-organized political force interested in placing hln in tills position.

In January,the annual series of visits to world Comunlst headquarters was inauguratedisit to Moscow by Jose Kanuel Fortuny and Victor f'-snufll Xitiorrez,

TRAVEL OF IKfERHATJOWAL CCMfllHISTS TO GUATEMALA

Tho repeated vlalta of representatives of International Coamnlsc to6 ere coeaaon knowledge* In reoent years It boorequent practloe for the national party and labor croup leaders te receive the vial tore froa outside at the airport end toonaitteo to aaconpany then to the plane when they departs Tbeae reception cooedtteen are usually made up of Joae Manual Fortuny, Sesre-tary Oeneral of the PGT, Carioa Manuel Pelleeer, seoretary of conflicts of the CCTGj Victor ManuolGTG Soeretary General and POT Doputy Inogether with various other figures in the Comcuniet novozont auoh ao tho "pioneer- aeabar, Antonio Ovando Saneheso

In chronologlcaJ.he travelers to Oaataaala of outstanding algnlficanae ln thia conneation have been noted as follows"

6 Virginia Bravo Lotellern Chilean Coranuniet, and Kola Martine2 Corraualel fronore eatabllabed as eaployeea of the Ouateoalan Ministry of Education. They organised the AU'JUOOuateaaltaca-APO (Guateaalan Women's Alliance) and guided ita affTltaUon with the World Federation of Deaozratio Woaeo, Virginia Bravo nada her office in theeeting ground for visiting international Comnunlat* and worked to Indoctrinate young professional women and to bring teachers into the structure of Cossoanist organ!cation0 She has traveled Inyeara botvoon Guateaela, Mexico and Eastern Europe.

6esar Oo-wy Urrutla and Manuel Sduerd* Chileancame to Guatemala and epent saicboonferenco with members of the Guatemalan labor organizing group-the Ojtubre nucleus, atlU to be formed and come toundor the latter name, Cesar Gcdoy Urrutla was lnwith Victor Manuol Gutierrez and the labor leaders *i eaalning in the country for protracted etayo, becan*of ths Intellectual group and laid the groundwork forConanmistablo Noreda* spokesmen for the

Onlaa Roca, one of the outstandinge of UtiBconferred with the Isadora of the CTG and FSO, The Cuban Rjea represented the CTAL in these talks* CTAL influent and pressure upon the Custemalu. unloua to force their conao-llde.loa Into large ontrellsedffUiate them with tbe CTAL and witheusma increasingly apparent fron the time of uiaeisit

^ lb:rdoMaric-o, Frealdent of CTAL,irtit in he wor* cf organizing Guatemalan lafcxa-in tha desired pat'orr. bed considerably edv&nced, Thla and otherlater on ba-*me the opening for lUT-rogunde promoting international

iijoa unlet (jbjectivee and for the enunciation ofexhortations end preueuo cements by lonberdo Toledano0

Roberto MoronaP Brazilian Cousunlat graduate of Mohcow, member of the Central Committee of CTALf went ta Guatemala in. to initiate plena for Guatemalan partlci-potion Sn tho Comuniet world pease movemento Before reaching Guatenala Korena had already conferred with Communists Lasaro Pena and Juan Marinollo in Cuba., jibereoint meeting of the directive boards of the nd other groups whichJoined or woro used in the peace moveaont propaganda*

Guatemalanrtiste and intellectuals met atnitiative onnd organised the Guatemalan national committee forand Democracy" under the countersign ofCooamlan,. Manuel Eduardo Buhner RichardsonP the Chileaneddreased the rasa ting

Hareaa returned to Guatenala Inhortlypeaker at tho WTO Congress In Hilar.. Iowas tho gueet of honor at the installation of the firstof the Fodereclon Renionsl doedorap CanpcBinoscthe first organization of peascnt and agricultarel workers

9nternational Communist leaders visited Guatemalaequence illustrated below,- In each ease, their contact was directly with the nucleus of Communist poUtioal-labor leadership growing up In Guatemala around Victor Manuelose Manuel Pertuny, Carlos Pellocor and their asnoeieteoo

Conferences of the localeginning July. with Co aar Godoy Orrutla coincided with the launchingrlvs tonited front ofaborP and mass organizations la the typical pattern of Comaunlst penetration..

thebrought, out io CuaStaala, ae elsewhere in Latin America? en intensified drive by international Coiasunlsa for gains througho-jt tho area* Cesarrratia roturaed to Guatemala cnccompanied by the Chilean Communist tnie Enrique Delano, the Mexican Slxto Fernandez Dozeelt ane tho Costa Ricanns* both aleo fcnovm for Ccomainint adherence^ They wereew days Sater by Mwuel lk.ro Valverde* foraor caeretary ganercl of the Costa Kiean CmtTuniatanguardle Popular* and Carlos lula Fallacan Cepmnailsto Following the conference held by these internationalts with the Guatemalan labor and politicalaticna. fclitlcai Workers Convention was held, on January

A review of the growth ef the political and labor organ! istlccs respondingComsuniet program end dlrestloCi as shove In the Plats malan proaa of the period, Indicates tbat at each atop la thlo proseas advlaora fro* the CIAI. were ki Guoteoala for

lo, lombardo Toledano and loula Seillant of the central dlreo^rate of UrTO oomo to Guatemalalait to Ifcitfll). to participate lo tho CTAL tend and Air Transportation Congress. Although purporting to be ao International convention- the princlpel resolutlona adopted applied only tohe fireiingle union of all organlaed labor In Guatemala and tba second. estaUiehacniolitical par^of the working class.

Bias Ibca( Juan Marine Ho. *seratary general of thr Cuban Conauniatnd Salvador Agsirrs ware among *aa Casus let organleera from other eountrlea who came to Guatenala to give Guidance to the local groupe

An Important vlaitor3 waa Dimiaio Enolnar aeere ary general of tha Cosnunlnt party ofhose appearance coincided withfor ths Second Congroaa of Guatemalan Labor,.

The principal foreign dolegoto to theowever, waa Giuseppe Cocadoln member of tho permanent ataff of tho WFTD Secretariat In Vlennao It la olgnlflcant that the WTOigh-ranking officer to the notional labor oongreaa of ono of tho smallest Latin American countries. This la the first Inatanssermanent etaff member hasational mooting in any Latin Aaerlcan country,.

bbrusiy 1jsl

THK SOVIET-SPOSSORET WORLD PBACE HOVEMaiT

I Mr intba peat six years tha USSR haa enoeavorod to strengthen lta world position and to adrance the penetration of International Com-aunism In countries beyond its own area by capitalizing on the universal dealre of all humanityeaceful, secure life and by representing itself to the oredulouerotagonist and protector of peace while accusing allCerjounlste and all leaders of the V'ostern powers,the United States, of being warmongers and exploiters,.

The cachinery for advancing this propaganda driveorld-wide scale was established lnand became known aa tbe International Cceaalttee of the Partisans of Peace. Since then tha covenant has been used as an instrument not only for disseminating propaganda, but also for exerting politioal pressures on the free world.

The summoningorld Congress of Intellectuals, held In Breelau, ft>land, et the stags for the comnmncement of this program. ermanent International Committee ln refense of Peace was set up. Thle committee, composedeonsrs, among whom were the Brazilian novelist Jorge ANADO and the Chilean poet Pablo UERDTA, was the parent organization of the eo-called World Peace Movement. Paris was selected as temporary headquarters and subsequently became theseat of the International Coanittee of the Partisans of Pea00.

The purpose of the permanent cosBnlttee was to coordinate propaganda and all activities described as aimed at the preservation and promotion of world peace, and againstandful of self-interested nen in America and Europe" seeking war.

It eoon became evident, and since then has been abundantly proved, that tho World Peaoe Movement la designed to eupport the day-to-day needs of Soviet policy and propaganda, to carryonsistent policy of dividing and weakening the res la tan oe of the free world to Soviet aggression.

In the long term, it la designed to Induce world-vide eupport of Soviet policyhole and to recruit adheranto to Communism,.

The theory and practice of the World Peace Movement show that the basicexploitation of the love of peace to serve politicalfor its success on the ignorance and credulity of the non-Coexainiots it seeks to exploit.

la constructing the machinery of International and national ooa-eittees for thia program, attention waa flrat concentrated on building bases for organization and propaganda by Deans of reetings, conventions and congresses In nany countries. Frcsj earlyto the preeent, Moscow has exerted heavy pressures oo leaders of the movement forresults,"

The governing bodies of tho aovsaantorldorld Peace Council and the Council's Executive Bureau, The supremo body Is the World Peace Congress, which apparently convenes as circumstances dictate. The fifth World Peace Congress convened In Vienna, November 1,

Reports published by the Soviet Government and by agencies under its oontrol. Including the World Pesos Council itself, have indicated that:

(U Work for the "pesos campaign" is the first priority of ell Communist agencies throughout tha vorldt

The struggletable and lasting peace, for tbe organization and consolidation of tha forces of peace againet the forces of war should sow beooaw the pivot of the eotlre activity of the Communist Parties and democratic organizetiocs. ^osdnform resolution of Novembertill In force/

(2) Tbe purpose of the Peeoe Movement is to strengthen the position of the Soviet Government. For Instance,ecture on the World Pesos Council given st the Communist Party Centre In Budapest, lt was stated!

he peaoe movement of Invincible power has settho aim to frustrate the aggreeslve plans of thoand tiigllsh Comrade Stalinilitary ccamand of The heroic .'evict Army is the most powerful sentinel of peeoe.

The policy of the "orld Peeoe Movement Is directedmailBureau ofembers, issuing resolutions which are always adopted unanimously by the World Pesos Council,trong.

Kej masters of the Executive Bureau ere also key members of tbs other Communist international organizations. Thus Frederic Jean JCLIOT-COHIE, ite chairman, is also president of the (Cocoon 1st) 'orldof Scientific 'orkera; on* of the vice-chairmen la Eugenia COTTOH, President of (Conaunlet) International Federation of DemocraUc HOMO. Eureau meaoere Include such figures aa Louis SAJLLANT, Secretary-general of the (Connauoiot) Vorld Federation of Trade Onions, IlyaSoviet propagandist, and TOO Mo-Jo, vice-premier of tho Chinese Republlo,.

Below tho Vbrld Peace Councileries of national peace corar.lt toe a, compos ad largely of members of tba Communiet Jarty and faithful supporters of Soviet policy. Theee ocmmlttoeo have three main functions:

To further the alms of Soviet policy under the guise of "peace." On every international issue tba nationaltart from the baaio aasumption that Soviet policy la right, and everything opposed to fdviot alas is wrong.

To organise "paaoe committees" In towns, streets and factories. In thla connection Louis SAILLANT said at the Stookhola Conference

One way to root the ao recent deep ln the heart* of the people is to organize committees for the defense of peace at the place where men and women carry out their dally

organize, in conjunction with Contain 1st Partyorganisations among scientists, artists, musicians,other intellectual workers, ostensibly Independent of theMovement and dosigned to attract mm many neo-Coaaunlsts as Thie funotlon was outlinedirective in tho ConirdTonnearly as

Particular attention ahould be devoted to bringingInto the movement of the supporters of peace the trade unions, women's, youth, co-operative, cultural and educational, religious and other organizations, as well as scientists, writers, Journalists, workers ln tha oultural field,leaders who are in favor of peace and against war.

Such are the national networks, or "tranemlselon-bslta" to use the Communists' own terminology. But there are also functional networks, operating through tho main CoemtunlsWcnlnated international bodies, such as i

The World Federation of Trade uhlone

The World Federation of Democratic Touth

The International Onion of Students

The International Federation of Pe do eratic Woman

The International Association of Democratic lawyers

The International Organization of Journaliate

The World Federation of Scientific Workers.

These bodies are required to aupport the peace movement fullyfseful alternative to the national networks fordirectives dovo to the various professional and other groups in modern society-

The politioal abas of this cloae-knitmovement cover tbe Communist states as well aa the free world and are consistent In Russia and the Satellites the movement is an official propaganda agency designed to atrengthen popular support for nationalist or militant alms.

The World Poace Movement has been progressively discredited and exposed as an Instrument of Soviet policy! but ae this has happened, new inetrumente have been created to carry out the basic policy in another guise. One of tha new techniques ls the "Initiating committee." This wae used ln organising tbe Moscow Economic Conference, to conceal its origins within the peace movement. Once the conference was over, however, tbe peace wine en it claimed credit for it.

Attention to cultural and educational affairs wae prescribedirective issued through the Cominform to -the peace campaigninder such directives, movements, organizations and agitators have oprung upocal basis, apparently unrelated to each other,dedicated to the cause of peace as an and in Itself, but reallyositive role in the development of the Soviet propaganda campaign. Conforming with standard Communist tactics, these movements are usually composedoaosunist or peace movement nucleus surroundedumber of persons disinterested In politics and unaware of the role they are playing in aupport of Russia's political imrfare plan.

i:bru.Ti7

LATIH AIirjUCATl PARTICIPATION IS THEED "'CRLn PSAC3 *OViiiEOT

In the early postwar period many sincere, thoughtful Latin Americans, especially intellectuals, began seeking ways in which the people of theould live togother nore amicably. Many of then viewed the early Conaunist-lnspired peace meetings and the Partisans ofovewnt witli hope and expected the declared sins to be seriously and objectively considered.radual awareness tliat tho rwvenent had been used primarily for the proraotio of Con-iunlst Ideology- and the dissemination of Coeriunist hate propaganda against the eatern democracies subsequently caused -any of these thinking neonlo to withdraw tlielr supnort.

The progress of tho novement in Latin America has been impeded by the lack of support fron nroninent non-Corrnunist liberals and by adverse politic, developments ln various countries, which have go'rn hand in hand with growing awareness of the intent and danger of the international Carom 1st conspiracy 'ttenpts to hold hcnlsonorie oeace conferences iinve been numerous but have net with lit tio success. The First American Continental Congress for Peace, held In Mexico City,as not brought together until after many postponements.

Preparatory steps clearly anticipating theovement in Latin America wereearalf previously, tlirough the long-establishc liaison betwon Moscow and the labor unions affiliated ln the Confederaclon de Trabajadores de la Anarica Latinahich was soon to be Integra toe into the Comrtinist-controlled -orld Foderation cf Trade Unions. In ITarch,ive months before the Dreslau meeting ofmuvhiork for Latin 'jierican partlcinatlon was laid at tho Third Coniprcss of tie CTAL. At that meting loberto Horena, Brazilian Conronict labor leader. Introduced arocorno:iding that "the CTALocgress representative of organizations and persons of the democratic movement of Latin America." Tht resolution wan passed and In September of that samemonth after tl Treslau CongressTAL document on the subject to Julio Gomez "tobies, then president of the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security and newly-elected president of the Guatemalan National Pose* Corrdttec. This action is tbe first known attempt to implement the Third Congress resolution.

"orena visited Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Pcusdor, Peru, bolivia and Jruguay ir. addition to Guatemala, to inforn local Coraaunists and sympathize in each country of the decision to hold the American Ponce Congress and to ask then ton immediately the task of sotting up local Peace Committees to raise funds, to select delegates and to propagandize the forthcoming rce Hot until tho rdddlo ofowever, was an organizing committee functioning in Tfexico City. Tlds eoordttee use composed of Marine Wood, /nerican Comnunist; Palanade borsari, Erazlllar Co-runlst; Carlos lafsel Rodriguez, Cuban Comuniet; Marciso bnssols,rxist; and Vicente bonbardo Toledano, CTAL president and Cowsunlst sympathizer. The committee worked In the offices of tha CTAL in conjunction with .loberto :iorena, Selva Qennpo and LadLslao Carbajal* all knownarty membera.

Itecnusc of lack of fundi and Inadequate preparation on tlio part of nnny national corrdttoas, the Congress uas noetponed until September. Bf "dd-August, following the return of Lonbardo Tolodano and other CTAL officials froaTU Concress in nilan, the organizing conmittee moved into Its own downtown offices. Lula Enrique Delano anddoy Urrutia, Chilean Comuni3ts, had boon added to the committee and work Drorressed more raprlly.

The Concress opened onith an estimated attendanceelegates and sympathisers but without the presence of any important noliticol figures. renldent Lasaro Cardenas of floxico at first gave 'provisional acceptance to an invitation to preside at the nootinfs, but subsequently declined. The congress encountered great difficulties In obtaining nrordnent non-Ccenurdst intellectuals to act as officers or natrons. *cn the Czechoslovak and Polish Legations inMexico sentreDresentatives.

In the course of the week attendance dropped slowly as the interninable speech making went on. numerous an they wore, tha speeches all showedainilarity in attacks upon. and endorsements of tho CooTuniat formula for peace.

LesIdas tho plenary soscions, there wore three committee naetinge of each of thoorrdttees established to deal with the following subjects! Interests of youth, writers, women, artists, education, works re and farcers and sciences; questions of mass communications, religion and ethics and victim of 'asclaru

The nost inportant conrdtteo was the Coonittso on Jorkers andairs, mit tee was headed by Lori-ardo Tolodano, and among its nost important members nere Lasaro Pena, Palamedo Eorsari, Adcle Wilson, Salvador Oca-do, Jirique "Vjlano, Cosar Ooddy Urrutia, Javier banesgustlr Guzman, Holland "'nuorts, Oeorge ?Qolnman, Roberto Tlorena, Jose Manuel fortuny and Leon T. Palais. The coordttee'e nain conclusion was to recormnnd the oiranlzatlon, under CTAL control, of complete Industries.

' necond coenittee of interest was' riters Conaittoc,ablo ^oruda. Other meabcrs uere Or. Janesndleott, Miguel Otero Silva, Luis Pauling, "anuel "duardo Ifubner and Enrique laniroi yla ml re z- Tho naln decision of this committee wan to use overy rasnns of propaganda and nubile prees at tho disposaligorous "peace" campaign in the herdsphet.

It was generally agreed by the delegates that tho peace movement in er.cl country should bo co set up that each peace committee or group would embrace representatives of the workers, farmers, middle class, intellectuals, artist? and the professions. Subsequent publicdu lt clear that the loaders of the neaco front sought to svoid givingarxist or Cosnunist label and tried to keep it from appearing to be dominated or directed by ther the orld Federation of Trade Onions.

An Executive Leerd ofentors was appointed, ong (he moot* re were un term lan Comunlsts Jose Manuel Fortuny, Pedro Geaffroyand victor Manuel Gutierrez,

o ral fra-eworfc of the Continental Cultural Conrrees, hold inChile, in tho spring nrobohly Inspired hy9rld Peace Congress, where great cnohasla was nlaoed on cultural exchange. More specifically, the 'ant'ago Conrress vsjs an oufrouth of the Montevideo Peace Congress,esolution uasavor of holdinr "anean cc fere nee of writers, artists andhe possible developnent of national cultures and inter-riicrlcan cultural collaboration In relation to tiie preservation of world oeace."

The CongroBSifficult tine in organizing and net idth little rurcess In attracting support fron non-Cocrunirt -Titers and artiste- ^hen tho Con-ross finally net onarch, there wasmall group ef nlrcacV avowed Ccrinunists and fellow travelers present, 'lost significant of the resolutions nassed was the plan to hold an Intar-"cDiican Lawyers Conferonce in Guatemala This meeting was held in

In addition to national and henisphcric peace activities, LatinOrleans in increasing numbers aro traveling to each of the international noace conferences, /boutelegates fron Mexico, Cuba, Costa ?Jca and all South rnorica, with the exception of Collvia, played their various appointed roles, togetherther delegates, at the arsawt tv They wore rewarded by the alio taunt offeats onorld Peace Council, which was established at that congresa. irotll's "four million" signatures were recognised by election of the Iraslllan wooers front leader, ^ranca Flalho, to the bureau of the "'orldCouncil| and the Lrazlltan Palancne uorsari, renortedly in charge of nonce activities in Latin Anerica, was confirmed as one of thoecretaries, "von more telling recognition fron the Latin American point of view uas the awardutotal ofnternational "peace" prizes and medals to tholr area, one to the Lrazllian artist, Candldo

ru. and another to Pablo Ileruda, the Chilean poet who had Leon sorvinr Coorainisn In "lddle America, Lurope and India.

Latin American attendance in international no ace conferences reached nunerical highs at the Peiplng snd Vienna conferences,urvey of

names.

lists of delegates does not Indicate the aoquistion of any prominent now

these total rraabefri and special Incidents give &impression cfho falseness of thaow aibaa been perceived by the grout majority of latinaajatinetloo In letters and art uhoaa aupport haao mcvcawA haa an joyed very little auooasa apart fron the pro.ai^nda service It haa rendered to Ifosootv There la littleiV, tiatt Cniloan poet Fablo Beruds and th* Brail3lan writeraaSMk* work on the project nowaying occupation mow thanoth axe erpltrysd by ths Cordnforu,

>viny distinguished persona who hop*fully oncoreedjnt at first withdrew from it au soon aa its true purposepaironto Meat of this has been dene quietly, for ths sake ofer**d> nttloa^ but th* known Instanoea are uassroua. Martin Lois (hasamBs pub] lshor of ths news weeklyj> of Ktoclocn and former leVleBJisadox to! t'<an bs named as one of the sr. lAlmt" wise Lie. Alfonso Hnyor, Mexican writer aad hssanlst, forma, diplomat ard former President of the Colaglo do Mexico,. H* dacllne-Jettafkl thepesos meeting In Mexico City. His nasu was used . r, ribs 1ir program snnounosiaant*^ Perrid Vela, th* editor ofef Ctatemla nst xhe use of bis name idthort Mo coneestj, la an open letter published

Thin uro of tbe names of distinguished peroonacU content and on occasion without thoir knowledge, hasiJriy kuc* pajMm Gabriel* Mistral, the renownsd Chilean poaaLcblio do ela ration that her nets hud been ao used. Victor XUaosS papular Gvatemalan athletep baa let It ba known thatn eon-tloued to be used after be reqweted its roamal from lists of aponsorc The 6ifficulty ef obtainingelease from the Peace idtbnsuy tho fact tbat Eleanor de Daren thdirector of th* Crebsatra, urate the latter quoted below toI lo ds-Janeiro Chief of Polios and aftervard re loaned ooplasotw

distribution.

Rlc ds Jso'iift

Cjro SlnpordeLS* de-:hjnf cf Police of the Federal Piotrlofc

General*

- ams

I bav* beenby an artist who asked ee to sign ny nam* lallat -Sto the Continentalf Culture, and after hearing froa hia tbe strict artietie aad cultural designs of theould not refuse to put ay signature on tha llat, la Tiew cf the artistic planeto ne ove ver. it came to ay knowledge about the politioal purposesthat Congrees, ofas oampletaly

For tbatlah to 1st yen knowmwhich the poblio la well aware, not earning

any income outside of ay profession and remaining completely apart from political questions, withm not associated, neither at present nor la th* peat,. ish to declare enroled th* referred aignature> Intending not only to be absent, but also to deny my concurrence to the Congress la view of lt* politioal designs a* mentlonad,

I hops yon tax* lata ocaalderatlon what Iand use It for whatever it stands, to prevent the possible exploitation Of tbat signature by member* connectedertain political organisation for th* goal thay have la Bind.

Z thank you very auoh for your attention, and remain.

Tours very truly,

Maestro Eleaser de Carvalho Mrs tor Artlstlco da Crquesta Sla-foniea Braoileira

auraausaroc*c- iotsuitc

Guatemalans have played an active role in the international peace -wvenent since its Inception in lyli8. The nationalns launcliad by CTAL leaders approximately one nonth after their attendance at the Ireslau international Conference of Intellectuals and has since been identified closely with labor, nolitical and cultural groups. It serves primarilyhannel of coordinationeans of disseminating Soviet line pro-wcanda to those croups In Guatemala.

The major activities of tho organization are circulating petitions for peace, holding national and local peace congresses, publishing state--rcnts that support the Coranunist line in the loftist and government press, publishing the periodical Por La Paz (edited by ^tto Raulhowing filns and supporting th? activities of other (ksruniist-front organizations.

The connection of the Guatemalan peace novemnt to the International novenent uas first made evident by loberto Horena, Brazilian Conrniniot lab leader whoabor rally in Guatonala City soon after his return fron Ureslau. Ife urged the formationonce committee in "uataenia, and Julio Gomez ?obles, uix> uas then chief of the Guatemalan Social Saourlv Institute, was swept Into the presidency. The first provisional peace connittee una officially launched'. It was short-lived, however, even thou, it reportedly received financial subsidies fron the Guatemalan Government and fron outside the country.

In earlynvitationselect group were issuedeotlng to be held on Januaryt tho homo of Roberto Alvarado Puentea "onei declined to attend and sent in his resignation. Tho meeting uasut an active organisation failedevelop, despite the fact that Lontar Tolodano stopped off in Guatemala en route totu conference to urge the leaders to speed up tho organization of the coenittee and despite tho support of Alfredo Guerra Lorges, an official of the Dopartmont of I'ublici* of tha Presidency of the lepublic.

Tho second conrdtteo, foraed inefore the first Latln 'oerlcan roaoo Conference in Mexico City in September, uas no more aucces' ful than the first. It solectod delegates to attend the continental conference,eu neotinre and faded out of existence. 9 committee neeHas onesided over by Jose t'anuel Fortuny, after he, Victor [tanuol Gutierrez and Alfonso Golorzano attended therld Congress of Partisans of Peace In furls. Jaime Diaz "loszotto, who later Lccane cecretary-Reneral of tho "residency of the topuLlic, uas elected first secretary general of the Guatemalan National ^caco Coenittee. -'ortuny wasember of the Permanent Comlttee of the .'orld Peace Congress ot the Pnrle meeting.,

Tlio third national committee, organizedm the -notorial enmit tee for "esce, is the group still in Its membership was headed by ITiguel Angeloot associated with various leftist groups, and included the composer done Cos tare da, who had been one of the Guatemalan reprcscntntives atorld loacc Conforencc in "aris. otherim Alfonso Tolortano, re ere tar/ .Teneralj liuberto 'lvarado of the Presidential Office of Publicity, secretory of organization;tonio franco, locretary ofir-ando do Leon "orras, leftist noet, secretary ofirrinla Iravoown Chilean Cotviunist, secretoryong tho roster of renters were such well known names as Victor Ilantel "utlorez, and Antonio Jbandoabor leader uho had teen indoctrir tod in "oreoi:

Hieer1 "as spent in ohae-inr up the or-anization. /ire: major undertakingally held ono register the will for peace of tie Guatemalan people- Several non-CcnrauniBt speakers tookin attacks unon tho United 'tates, but the strongestt doliverc speeches lajrc by such uell known Comunist lenders as Victor i'-anuel Outierrez and allowed clear evidence of following Communist international directives. I'any non-Comnunlats were willing to sign the peace petition, but later recanted mibllcly when thev learned ltorcnunist device

12 the Guatemalan actional committee lias lln.:od witf the Latin .'ncrlcan corrdttee through iobertoentes and Luis faxdoU ynambers of the continental planning committee forotevideo Conference. Alvarado at that time was president of thenrrcrsGuatemala, -ndragon was In the diplomatic service,ch ofhe Gutemalan National Peace Committee participated ir. the not-too-succescful Cortlnental Congress held in "ontovideos

? non-Comnunists had caught on to tie Communist dialectical use of the terno that new twists had to be devised tc attract widefor the movement. In laty tie coordttee attempted Ue technique of announcing, anon- other eventshree-day peaceeace ansa which thendnlna Ouatcnalteca invited "all the Catholic people of tie capital" to Join. Amidst the controversy engo'derod by the Connunist effort to capitaliseecently made pronouncement of the "ope rerarding world pence, thethe instruction of tie Peace"'A? are noved to tills pious act Ly our fervent desire for pence and by the duty wo have as nomor, to struggle for the pro re rvstior of human values." Ties never held, but tie Comrixnistsltrielinr eome interest to their cia ins, often repeated since, of reli'i

tol ration.

* no*Clonal

the Cornunist-lcd labor confederation CGTOesolution on, which directed tho youth organizationhe women's lcnr-uoiie leftist unlvoraity students' croup,cte Intellectual orpani-zationthe 'Ictior.al CocnLtteo of Partisans of 'eace and the organisation of students of secondary schoolsnfndtfraciononaludiante." ost-Prlrorla)pointloe to take charge of the observances. Thin resolution was not in the fornequest or invitation but sinply ordered theoe nominally independent -to appoint delegates to form tho cenrdttee. The observances consistedepetition of distorted versions of Koreano teen of the nost influential nonbern of Uk- 'uatenalan Con-press joined In the affair tyanifesto of solidaritye Korean people, subjected, according to the docunont "tonfaznus moans oftermlnotion, including bacteriological warfare*" films onrfarsrth 'lorea, which had been brought to Guatenala by two delegatcr-to the Conference in Defense of Children in Vienna, -ere shown^

TL* Peace Connitteo, as well as other front organizations,eu tactic when on Junoheyommittee to the unitedbassy and to the British and french Legations with writtenainst the action of the Unitod Nations in ion-a. Oscar idmundo %alna sl-rud for the National "eaoo Committee.

dership of the Actional Peace Connitteo, elected on June luillustrates how the Communistmaintains control. The prosidont la "ntonlo Cruzawyer who was briefly on the Supreme Court inbut the secretary general is.Karlo ;ilva Jonona, the "OT cc oratory of education. The vlcc-nresidonts of the nace Connittee are Lulaoading Communist-line Guatemalan poet and critic who served as minister to "oscou inGutierrez, "GT nonber and secretary general of Ue CGTG; !lajor T'arco 'ntonlo /raneocflst amy officerS deputyf Gra. Zlena de Darrioa (Clee, principal of tho "Lelon" Government *lrls' school vine re Communismeetings are held and wife of 'Jalderaar -Trie, floe, POT member and Chief of tie Lands Lection of Die National"enartiwnt.

Thoofficers of the Uational Peace Comlttee .ncludei Socretary far Organization, Ilarco Antonio bianco, PGT nonber and inspector of the "ctional Agrarian Dopartnentj Secretary for Propaganda OacarPalma, lending PGT senbor, officer of tho teachers' union CZJi and contributor3iret-hand account of "Soviet progress" to tho party's journal! focretary foraul Loiva, head of tiie Press Section of tie "residential Infomation Office, as well as others equally high placed.

The national ncaco progron3 concentrated largely en the comittoe orronization to the departrental .provincial)nd on eanprfn- out instructions handed down by the international organization. Tnlrat Assenbly for csce was held in the Dopsurtsent of tscuintla in tha -ov^nirent'fi federated school. Captain Tcroncie luillen,.

governor of the Itopartaent of oscuintla oncl pr.sident of the RCuintla "eoce Conrdttoe, do live red tlio opening address- Considerable attentionven to the staring of this 'ssenbly. nown Corraunliits and s'TTj.ithixers iwre on hand to sneak on thehere: Carlo; Alvarado Jerez,naindo "alma, "ster de Urrutia, Tora /ranco, Lily de Alvarado Haul Leiva. According to Octubra ofssembly unanimously aunroved resolutions condemning "foreign interventionist maneuvers in the internal effairs of Guatemala" and depending respect for the sovereignty and Independence of Guatemala, an end to the wars in otherapid and just conclusion of an armistice in Korea, an end to the armament race, prohibition of the use of ucanons of mat- extermination,f Germany and Japan and conclusioneace pact between tie five great no.ers. The International character of the majority of thoee resolutions, "unanimously adopted*mall orovinclal con tit tee in the interior, reflects the International Comuniat line rather than the interests or sentiments of the people ecuintla. The assembly also approvedcalling upon the inhabitants of 'sculntla to form additional noacc committees, arge slate of officers una elected, withrencio

committees Guillen as president

Guatemala City became the sceneepartmental "eace Assemblyuly,elegatesin plenary session. The usual list of rpeakers conveyed the usual slant to the usual audience.

rgain in Guatemala City, oneptember, the Department of Guatemala Peace Ccmrdttee, headed by Guillermo Ovando ,'rriola, president of the "'ational Congrees,eremony to inaugurate the national "Campaign for 'togotiations" for which the Rational Peace Committeeoalipnnturoootitlon for negotiations between the US, the USSR, thoanee and Comniunist China to settle all outstanding internationalhis campaign was undertaken in responseesolution calling for such negotiations adopted by the World Peace Council in its Budapest meeting In Tho ceremony was held ln the Institute Central deovernront school. The speakers -ere Cmstto Paul Gonzalez, secretary general of theace Committee; -Jsther de drrutla, secretary rereralTaininaugo Darrlos Klee, seorotri of the Communist-controlled youthynor Pinto of the students' organizationand spokesmen for the administration parties, ?AH, PUGnd for tho Communist-led labor federation, CGTG. Ihe rovernraent-owned Ttjarlo de Centre Ancrica gave favorable publicity to the campalgn.

Cn two occasions3 the Guatemalan "eace Committee joined with ether national committees to claim success for their united efforts. In Juno they declared thnt the action of tho Partisans ofsee, united by on>-cowmon objective, had stopped the threathird world war; later they took credit for stomping the fighting in Korea.

Guatemalans have traveled to the various orld Peace nwetinpsj- In nany cases Important political figures are among the delegations. -Jien Raterto Alvarado .'uentos was president of Congress, he attanded tic ly$l

Vienna "eace Conference; .'lario SjJ.va Jonaaa and -osanter of Concress, went to the preparatory anc: full-dress 'ekinr;acii'ic Conferences in Junoptcraberieutenant Colonel rac Tejada, ex-chief ofed forcesi,icr-ntonioChacon, rvt deputy, attended the Budapest ncetiiv* of -JiaCouncil in June,

CICtUHOLOGI OF PEACE KEETIKCS

orld Congress ofreslau, Polandommittee to Defend tne Peace,rogran to oot up national branches and organise International "peace'1 meetings.

irst Guatemalan Peace Commit toe formed.

cientific and Cultural Conference for Worldeal Tork.

- Second Guatemalan Peace Committee formed.

orld Congress of Partisans oft World Peaceoncurrent meeting In Prague.

atin American Peaceexico,

or Id Peace Committee of Peace Partisanslso called Bureau)rom which emanated the Stockholm Appeal againat atomic weapons.

hird Guatemalan Peace Ccomittee formed.

orld Peace Comarfttoe meeting in London.

orld Pocca Committee meeting in Pregee.

ctober.Preparatory Conaittee for 2nd World Peace Congress" (Including most of World Peace Commit too) met again in Prague.

nd World Congress of tho Defenders of Peace. Wor-saw (echadulod for Sheffield, England, tut changed due to entryhla 2nd World Peace Congress replaced the World Peace Committeereatly augmented Vorld Peace Counoll.

orld Peace Counoll Executiveonova, Switzerland, also called Dureau of WPC.

ull Conference of the World Peaceerlin, Initiated signature campaignower peace pact,

a?xecutive Committee of World Peaceopenhagen, Denmark

ulyxecutive Committee of the World Peaceelelnki Finland.

a nary mooting of tho Vorld Peaceienna,

Austria.

nrllxecutive Coandttee of World Peace Council -Oslo, Norway,

2 -Peace Assemblyeaoe aaaa scheduled but not held.

ulypecial seaaloo of World Peace Counoll ln Soviet Sector of Berlin.

ctober- Asiatic Pacific Area Peace Conference,hird World Peaoe Congreae, Vienna.

5 Parlxecutlve Coaadtteef World Peace Council, Ptockhola.ourth World Peace Congress, Pudapest,ifth World Peace Congress, Vienna.

j

COLONIST SuBVEHSIOTJ OF SOCIAL AHT CULTORkL MOVEKEKTS-TVO CASE HISTORIES

1. Communist Tactics at the World Congress of8

CcBflnunista ha to invariably used International gatherings aaboarda for Soviet propaganda. ong succession of events haa shown how CctB-sualete have organised and than subvertedcongresses, particularly those- of intellectuals, women and youth. To the distress of theircollaborators they have demonstrated th* way lnmall group of herd-shelled Soviet Communists with definite objectives in mind oan dominate thepolitioal group of well-intentioned and earnest delegates who are usually unorganised and without precise and concrete proposals. The Ccmmunlat representatives, often in the guise of objective liberals^ are fortifiedell defined program. Tho genuine Liberals, even thoughajority, are usually equipped only with credulity and

A prime illustration of such Communist tactics occurred In tbe World Congress of Intellsctualn held at Wroclawoland, la Thla Beet lag waa attended by Individuals from many ooustriee, bob* of whom were earnest ln their desire to furtheruse of peace through frank discussion and concrete, prmotial pro-poeala. Ths machinations of the Ccewaunlate, however, particularly those representing tba CSSR, diverted the Congreee toward other political ends.

The objectives of the Congress were announced by tha chairman of the Polleh sponsoring group, to be (l) exploring means of safeguarding principles ofthe problem of nationaliacuaelng the possibilities of international poj-ularisationnlevements in the realms of eoieaoe and art, aad (i) unifying the efforts of representatives of the cultural world with progressive social movements. The Communist delegates arrived, however, wellto harangue the Congress with Soviet propaganda allegingof the western democrsoies snd thwarted "peace efforts" of the Soviet Onion.

It quickly became obvious that the gathering wasalanced representation of International Intellectual thooght, since invitatlona had been extended almost exclusively to individuals who were aocostomed to support or give tacit approval to the Soviet position on various questions. (toreover, while non-Communlats outnumbered party members in the delegations attending the Congrees, each groupore of purposeful Cooaamlst leaders, togetherarge number of fellow-travelers, who dcednated their confreres..

At tho outsat of the Ren*raj sessions, tho teohnlque employed In th* election of officers insured Communist control of thefter the welcoming speeches, the proposed executive council of the Congreee and the rule* governing the Congress were hurriedly approved by acclamation upon tbe motion of the chairman of tbe French organizing committee. Th* name of Jerzy Borejsza, one of Poland's ten leading Communists, waa placed before the Congress andor tbe post of Secretary-Goneral, who by the rules of the Congress dictated the choice and order of speakers.

Tbe flrat speaker, A. Fadeyev, Chairman of tb* Soviet Writers' Union,ituperative attack against the Western nation*. He then eulogized the USSR, Its sympathizers, and its allies.

Fadeyev'e polemicsonsiderable portion of the audience, but his Invocation of tbe Party line, hia eulogies of the "achievements and beneficence" of tba Soviet Union remained th* dominant them* of tbo remaining sessions of the Congreas.ew dignified, constructive addresses wer* mad* during tbe Congress. Host of the participants,the lead of the Soviet representatives, took the floor only to rail againet tb* United States and other democratic countries.

Ths organizers of the Congress hadesolution forto tba Congreaa which they apparently passed by acclamation. This Information leaked out, and several Irate partial pent* induced the organizers toesolution In

Aa international drafting committee, eeloo ted by tbe executive committee and dominated by Secretary-General Borejsza, thereupon vtrksdesolution to be ploood before the Congreaa. raft, wh.'ob emphaalaed tbs importance of tbe UK and UNESCO, was rejected by tSa committee in favor of Borejaza'a resolution.

This meeting of intellectuals set the pattern for numerousind national conference* tbat have followed. Although tb* meetingesigned to attract Don-Communists snd did succeed in asaoolatlng with tba Congress tb*f many prominent individual* In tbe culttavl and ^scientific world, after these persons had assen-blad in good faith/assembly was used by tbo Communists aa afor dlesemiaatlng their propaganda to such an extant that nothing aerloua waa ever booompliahed toward advancing the announced alms of tba Congress.

Cc^Ja>oa.

A striking example of the subversionocial welfare conference for the porpoae of oon vert lag Itounding board for Ccmrauniat propaganda was shown In the case of the First National Conference for the Protection of Children (Pefensa de lnf an da).

This conference sot In Cue team la City DecemberIhe history of the seselooslear case showing the way the Cceaaunlst minority, under Woe cow-directed leadership, has aaneuvered the subversion of other Guatemalan national conferences and institutions.

First announcement of the conference was made oneptember by the Albania Fegiqlna do, Guatemala (AFG). This organization had recently been formed under direction of the international Conmunlets Virginia Bravo Letelier of Chile snd he la Martinez of Ecuador. Because of tba laudable announced alms of the conference, however, plus the faot that tba AFG bad not yet become widely suspect, the conference was endorsed by many prominent noo-Ccanaunlsts such ss the members of tba Association of Pediatricians of Ouateaala, tbs Mayor of Guatenala City, Martin Prado Velez,umber of other citizens who were genuinely interested in child welfare.

Tbe AFG bad begun plans for the meetings far la advance. Later events showed that these plans were fully coordinated with preparations for tha International Congresa In Defense of Children held underCommunist auspices in

The mainspring of tbe conference was Chiloan Communist Virginia Bravo L. She bad been given an executive position in the Guatemalan Ministry of Public Education in whloh she enjoyed financial security snd full freedom of action. Through her instrumentality thegovernment gave support to the conference. The sessions were bald in the government school Instltuto dp Spnorl.tas do. Be Lao, and In tbe Ministry of Publlo Health* Dr. Carlos Gon-^alez Ore liana, the pro-CnBcmmlst Sub-Secretary of Education presided, end on Its closing day delivered an address in praise of the eccoegjlishmante of tbe body. Sra. Marls Vllanova de Arbenz, tho wife of the President of the Republic, who had bean induced by Virginia Bravo L, to be come aof AFG, addressed the organizing committee cneoember and tbe oloslng session of the conference on 21

Support for the conference also waa given by the Minister of Public Health, Dr. Carloa Tejada Fonsoca, and tbe Minister of Pablic Kduoation,donueo Garcia Aeturlae, both of whom elated they would dopossible to put the resolutions of the conference Into practice.

With ail thia official blessing the conference got under way. At the first fewumber ofnnocuous resolutions were passed, such as calling for sore parks for children, maternity snd children's hospitals, milk for poor toothers, developmentuatemalan dairy Industry, an anti-malarial campaign. Discussions at first were largely technical and the Communists preaent apparently sought to avoidolitical stamp to tha proceedings0

RepresentativesK commission, stationed in Guatemala to vork on the Improvement of public nutrition, attended the conference as At the outset they hoped that something concrete would be accomplished. This optimism continued for the first four days of the sessions. After that time, step by stop, lt became clear that the Communists were In control of the affair and that other organizations could exert no effective weight even on the most non-political matters.

Debate took placeesolution calling upon the Generalof the OB, then meeting in Paris, to undertake general disarmament, and calling upon the Guatemalan Minister of Education to incorporate "pacifist" sentiment in his educational policy. Sra, Rosa De Mora, the wiferominent local physician and well-known for the work she had doneumber of years inhildren's welfare eoolety, atated that she favored peace but doubted the wisdom ofinternational politiesuateaalan child welfare conference. She was immediately followed on the floor by Federico 7elaya Eocklsr, who stated that the time had como for "the people to make the cliques who rule the great nations aware of their desires for peace." Carlos Alvarado Jerez repeated Zelayn's arguments. tlaydee Godoy, well-known Guatemalan woman Communist organizer, and Carlos Manuel Pelleoerlaunched Into fiery addresses in favor of "peace." The resolution was railroaded through the conference In the form ln which lt had been proposed.

By that time the direction in which the conference wae headed waa obvious. Anyone who tried to keep the conference on the track of child welfare apart from politics was shouted down by the rabble roussrs or refused recognition by tbe Chair. Ihe shocked and bewildered moderates gradually ceased to attend the sessions several days before they closed.

Before adjournment, four permanent commissions were set up to carry on the work of tbe conference. h the voting strength now fully in control of the Communists, these eommissions wore staffed almost entirely with Coamranlsta or persons known to have supported Communist causes, aa shown in the followingand occupations are of the period of the Conference!

Tbo Cczsamist plan for penotratioo and seizureeries of steps that load directly and An initial atop ia to gain control of organized

ase from whloh political power caTbe

f:< control of influential political partleolfl"ltratlon"Popular front- etmlopnent, cTolxh. *ropaganda apparatna with vhlci to attack opposition end tc prepare tho people tc. auoTut;ni-n^ nation, ourth step ie the ponoStion SS evenluaS^oad^u" or coy government agencies.

f the nana crgani-

ellel Ccniat periy acUvltlaa or hose potent-iel

Cccsunlete who are reluctant to join ani^ Th,ry canne party

w roond. Through massticns crypto^cenantfeto are need to spread Co^et-sr^ed Ideasc^nuiat penetration anTST

the fiaovra at COHHuTXStuatembia TititcJGH pass

n*^ ^coeaaioie to CecraNiat pnnetretlon and to

7the Connunlst eainp the or^^tlonn

c* pninatlona, Ccananiate render tees easy to control end manipulate!

f tlM Commlat party whot.r. organizations can far outdistance nor^oaraunist Wticipentacontribute only their sporewno

f

poUlleaJJy oriented aaooolatlona among the social and culture! {Tonya into vhidh society everywhere can moot readily be divided.to to sc*crdsnco with tha teaching of toaln, as follcwa,

conspiratorial canonisation coaolato la

iwddng use of overything and everybody and finding work forat the oase tlao retaining tho leoderahip of the

* ebcnOd try to achieveatcat pceciole division of labor, recuab^ring that the

onory work demand various ccpocitiee Liderson wno ia absolutely uaalono as anma.?bleJExa-aon who does Utba endurance donnnded by couspiratorlal work mayn oxeeUont propagondiot ondn. .

oUowing this end othar teach-

xngy afnd Stalin, hove been forced and sculdod as oentero for

MrAoi'isr c^ado on Ourof Organization'*

mw ^aaeT

Ccm-gun 1st propapanda and agitation, Tho members ara nuLjocted to indoctrination ln Coatninlat theory; tha resolutions adopted at their raeotinga aerre aa the base for propaganda to be dlaaemlnated outside, while the group organization serves oa an institution for the disco vary, selection and training of future Communist leaders. All thia la fully demonstrated In the study courses and prco^am cements on propaganda prepared by Victor Manual Cutlerrei and Mario Silvo Jcoaea of the CGTG and the Guatemalan youth front. Mario Silva Jonaaa vaa quoted on thla subject in tho Communist newspaper Qctubvo of Januarye follows:

heo Increase the dissemination of truth concerning the Comnlata, the Party objectives, Marxiam-Lenlnlsm and Party life, by means of better and aore continuous propaganda must bo taken Inhe propaganda policy of the Party should take certain things into Propaganda le Intimately concerned with agitation on the one hand and education of the masses on thehe Party grows through tbe Introductionarxiat-Leninist awareness among the working class, the agricultural work ere and the poor peasants as well aa among the revolutionary intellectuals,"

Tbe unfolding of thla ayateantle prof penetration ln Guatemala and lta dose relationship with Moeoow and the Comlnform oan be traced ln the Guatemalan press and radio as it has come under Cooaunlst Influence. This record shews how the statements, resolutions and protests organized and stimulated in the Coaaunlst moss organizations, taking theirfrom Moecow through the International Peace Movement,u and the CTAL, consistently coincide with the main currents oflanning and propaganda. At the same time, they drive with relentless repetition at those domestic themes calculated toationalism which is taught to bate and fear ell that is obstructive to the ad vannt of International Coaaunlsm and to interpret, by any kind of twist of fact, all that stands la the way of this encroachment as obstructing Guatemalan national and popular aspirations,.

The promise of an unreoliatio Utopia Is held out aa already existing In the USSR. Every susceptibility ls played upon to generate lmpatlenoe with the situation ln democratic societies. The statement of Jose Manuel Fortuny, Secretary General of th* PGT, on tbe aanlvoraary of th* Russianxpresses this spirit of adulation and gratltudei

"Onew anniversary of ths triumph of the Groat Socialist October Revolution, the labor clans, the peosante, the progressive men and the oppressed peoples of the world turn

'Cctybrt'.,

their eyes vith warn sympathy and with gratitude toward tba SoTiot Onion, tha country of socialism which,amp for the world, illumines the road for all btnaanity."

At another time, Fortuny said:

"Wo, the CooB-unlata, are the beat d* fonder* of demo era tio Libartlea here and everywhere* All the valorous struggle of the Ccmmunlata throughout history and ln almost all countries, ls closely united with the denial or the attainment of th*liberties of the people ln the countries which are and have been dominated by capitalism.""

erial report published In the magazineulletin of the Allanta Fecenina Cuatecalteca. inh* social and cultural Ufa of women In Communist China la described glowingly.photographs compare the poorly paid toll of an Indian woman ln Guatamo labeautiful view of the work performed today amid eonga and emlloa by the women and people of China."

On the death of Joaef Stalin, Fortuny surpassed himself with praise for the Soviet chief:

"Ho liberator, from the Creeks to Bolivar, or from Buboeuf to Lincoln, can measure up to

It la frequently asserted by the Communis to and especially the pro-Communist* in Cia tana la that theirsnational communism" not linked with th* World Communist Party and th* BSSR. Mutual awarenessirect relationship between Hoa cow and the POT seemed indicated, however, in the following report from th*ournal of3 into the Second Congress of the Guatemalan Communist Partyold

"The great principled significance attached to the Questions discussed at th* Congress found expression in the report made by Comrade Jos* Manuel Fortuny, General Secretary of th* Perty. Fortuny said that the oamp of peaoe, democracy and Socialism beaded by tha OSSR had demonstrated In practice th* immense superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist system. But the victories won ln building Coanunlsm In tho Soviet Union did not coma by tharassIves, said tb* speaker. 'They cam*eeult of tlreleae work by tbe great Coamoinlst party of the Soviet Onion, of theof th* great Soviet people,esult ef the guidance of tha great Stalin, leader and teacher of the Lenin-Stalin party, leader and teacher of the Soviet people and of all progressive mankind.'

Oct.uhre.

Pctubrc,

"Analyzing la detail tho Internal situation In Guatemala, the speaker pointed out that the working class should, aa tbe leading social foroe, bead tha struggle againat feudalism and lnsperialima, ahould organize an alliance with the pea eon try, and, on thianited, patriotic front of all the social forcea acting against feudalism and imperialism. .

"Comrade Fortuny pointed out that tne Party can no longer be regarded as being in anhas* aa was tha case prior to the IVf the Central Committee held Inbe Party has increased its runka almost fourteenfold In the past throe years. But it is notnaa Party. ."

In the saxe speech, as quoted In the organ of the Guatemalan Coamunlat party, Cctubro. onortuny went somewhat farther in discussing the nature and future Intentions of tho party than Indicated ln the prudent selections of the Coadn.fprm Journal, he said!

"Bow our Party oan no longer be considered aa an 'embryonic* organization, as wa oalled lt in January Bow vearty, miabcrically small and of little political development, but wearty of lenlnlst structure. Of course, we are atill far froa attaining the fullness of tho lenlnlst Coranuniot qualities; toward that end ue have to and we must constantly surpass ourselves."

Co-jrada Fortuny had previously announced, as quoted in Ruostro blario ofhatothing shall Impede the legalization of the Cenzunlst Party and that this party shall be the principal motor of tho national democratic front which is proposed. .

Tbe well-known Cosarunlat writer, Alfredo Guerra Eorges, also spoke at the Second Congress of the PGT In terms which eomrporaise the claim thet the perty organization In Guatemala i* not linked to the Soviet Onion or under "International direotion". Aa quoted lo Octubra. ofeoanber,Guerre Eorges soldi

"The1st Perty of tho Soviet Union haa been and la the vanguard for all progressive humanity, forged by banin and Stalin upon the Immovable fundamentala of creative Karxiam-Ianlnlsm, upon the basis of the doctrine which shows to the workers the one sure path to liberate them from exploitation and toociety without oxploited nor exploiters.oaarunlat society. .

Mario Silva Jonama, youth loader aod Party authority on dootrinal matters, rode the following statements et the Second Congreaa of the PGT, reported in Octubre ofQ52i

patriotism ia by no mesne Incompatible with the affection with which the Soviet Union inspires us and the profound admiration ZWB have/ for Comrade Stalin.

popular masses ofrior todid not have the opportunity of understanding the real meaning of the construction of socialism In the Soviet Union, of the oon tent of Marxist Ideas for ths good of those same masses, or of appreciating the value ond the spirit of sacrifice whlohthe first Communists In our country.

Another Uluminatine statement by Mario Sllva Jonnca appeared In Octubre of January

"Tha content of tho atu<ly organized In the Party should embrace, In consonance with the legal development of the Party and of each comrade,undamental and permanent materials such as the history of the Bolahevic Party of the USSR, the Co maunlot Manifesto, Questions of leninism, etc."

The meaning of the PGT was further discussed by Bernardo Alvarado nonson, in Octubre of Deoenber A,

we have achieved the gift to our peopleartyowa Marxist-Leninarty, which haa Known how to win influence and

Points of Similarity

The Guatemalan Communist party, st great distance from the rest of the Soviet world, and unsupported by any immediate possibility or Soviet economic or military pressure, seeks toody of popular support. The Party has tried to identify itself with many of the aspirations and hopea of the Guatemalan people and baa formed the institutions whereby it hopos an Increasing nonber of citizens willew, albeit twisted form of political awareness tbat leads them to Identify themselves with the objectives of the Communist party.

Coaxoiniat propaganda has sought to present agrarian reformhiovesent., The Communists are further identified as seeking to help the worker, while any attempts at restraint ere labelled as the vork of an anti-revcluticnary reaction.

In addition to supporting agrarian reform objectives, the Party hat utilized nationalistic aspirations for Induetrlallzntlon, and painted tbe future benefits in rosy tones.

The political technique oftopian future le not new or limited solely to tha Communist party. However, the party has used lt with regularity and success. The final trick, in tbe present Russian eat* Hi to areas, has been ln postponing the date of expected delivery on these promises until tha CoasEuniat power position baa grown ao strong that thepopular disillusionment oan no longer hurt the party. This has not yet been revealed to the hopeful in Guatemala.

In Eastern Europe the "promises and oocoon on amy" technique was used Just aa lt now is used ln Guatemala. In this period Immediately after the war, the Cesxamlat power position in Eastern Europe was almost unassailable, for Russian troops were literally everywhere. Nevertheless tbe reaction of tbe as yet undemobilized western power*lanket sal-cure of authority by the relatively weak national Communist partiee oould not be wholly foreseen, and many of the Communist partiesIves wore organizationally unready to assume power.

There wasbort period of what might ba called Halted violence during which varying forms of unstable coalition government* ruled the countries and the Ccsnunista strengthened their bonds. For this period, which lasted3 ln Czechoslovakia, the Communists sought popular support and concentre tod considerable effort on building up their propaganda machinery, lend reform, an issue with just as much appeal In Eastern Europe aa in Guatemala,ajor "plonk" for the Communists. Private ownership of email holdings waa endorsed and aay suggestion that the Communists really wanted collectivization was vigorously denied.

As ln Cue to tan la, tho Communistsillain and swung at it repeatedly and noisily. In Eastern Europe the villain was Ceisoany, and particularly, the threatesurgence of Cerman military and economic power.

In Eea tern Europe and Guatemala the Coaaunists have used the sax* kinds of outlets for publicizing their position and actions. Controlarge seotlon of the pa-ess and radio facilities of the area has been sought and obtained. In Eastern Europe, tha control now le of course ocsnplete. In Guatemala It appears to be growing tighter.

In both areas the Party has sought tonaxiasat part of the population into political activity and varying forms of aaaa organizations have been the instruments usod. The youth groups* women's groups,

leagues of university students, labor organizations, nave appeared under Communist sponsorship and control. In Eastern Europe these organizations nowolicy function In addition to tholr avowed purposes, but In tho early period of takeover they were organized comparably to the units that have been created in Guatemala. Communist doctrine ia fed to the membera who in turn pasa some on to the rest of the population. Ths groups are able to conduct demonsons for or againet Issues of interest to the Party and depending on the group used these demonstrations may range from the submission of resolutions to the mounting of demonstrations. The appeal of group activity is always great and these organizations bring in and hold by thoirnature individuals who would ordinarily not bother withactivities and would not necessarily be Communist if they did.

Of these mass groups by far the most powerful and important, opart from the labor organizations, aret the Corel ta Saclpnal de ja, Paa (Rational Peacehe Allane ia Juventud Democrat les de Guatemalalliance of Democratic Youth ofhe Frepje UDlveraltarlo Democrat looDemocratic Universityhe Allan za Fonlnlna GuatamaltecaGuatemalan Vcaen'ahe Confeceraclon j& Kstudlnntea de Post PrinarlaConfederation of Post-Primarynd tho Saker-Tl Group of Young Intellectuals and Writers.

These Guatemalan maes organizations all have certain common1st ice. They claim to boorganizations representing people without discrimination aa to class, religion or political belief. On theso grounds they takeood many non-Communist opportunlsta who find in them an acceptable way of recording leftist zee!.

They have another characteristio In cannon in that they virtually alwaysGT member, under the discipline of the Party Political Committee,ey position, usually as Secretary General or Secretary for Organization.

Most of the mass organizations, moreover, share tbe characteristic of affiliationecognized international Communist organization, paralleling the affiliation of the CGTC to the CTAL and the WFTO.

Grupg Saker-Ti dfi.scrl tores Jovonofl

Tha Saker-Tl (Therganized Lnom-nrua 1st-con trolled group of young Intellectuals ln which leading spirit* are Buberto alvarado of the AJDG, who la also chief of tha PGT Cultural Comnlttee, snd Hugo Berries Klee.

Like other boss organizations, the Sokcr-Tl seeks to exploitijt liberal sentiment, Tb* tactics of this group were exposed by Kanuol Mario Berrera lopes, former Sakor-TJL Secretary of Organization, who resigned on Januarynd during the following July revealed the organizationomraunlst fronterles of articles for the Guatemalan newspaper La. Bom.

Theso revelations and others aade In the statements of Saker-Tfl aeatbora thamoelvee are oostumi anting ln vlow of the fact that the group has Inotorio of writers who hove set the pace and determined th* tone aad provided definition for oost of th* Ccaanailat propaganda produced ln Guatemala by th* various front organizations and reproduced not only ln their own organs but also in th* official and semi-official press. Thla coterie Includes the poet and former diplomat, Luisragoa, Otto Raul Gonzales, Raul la Its, Alfredo Guerra Borgee, Jala* Dtaa RoBOtte aad Miguel Angel Aaturlas. Another member, Rafael Soaa, wrote the following statement on the future of Guateaalan literature as envisioned under the aegis of Saker.-Ti,refaceolume of stories selected for prizes (Crrjtoa d* Guatemala> Ccftemen1

"The Guatemalanust be carried Into literature and ertj lt must be saved within those fields. It la necessary for us to take account of the point from which w* start and the stage we orerajectory in which the re conquest of tbo land represents the dynamic factor of the Revolution. But to achieve this, there Is only on* roadi the road of Socialist reallsa. Today we oanonger justify other methods or norms of literarynly within thla norm will ve be able to understand our social movement historically, to know that the force whichovement is the force of theclass, each day further oriented toward its total liberation, toward scientific socialism, vanguard and youth of the world.

A more specific statement on this subject was issued by Oakor-TX in publishing under the titleational, Democratic and Realisticeport of its "Pirst Nationalhe following oxtracte are taken from the version published asdlclones0

After first deploring the fact that Guatemalan intellectuals have been slow la accepting the concept thet art moat conform to poll ties, Alvarado noteo that "Guatemalanhe development of an antl-lmperlsllst and anti-feudal attitude, together with ths growth of the laborrought ouro more correct Dally contact with the workers, dally contact with the agriculturalnd the nearness of the labor movement made us see the profound error In whloh we found ourselves." Alvarado then goes on to say that the Intellectual must understand the real situation:

"The working class must be our guide endhe discovery of tbe reality and the fatherland ia not simply the affirmation of nationality, but fundamentally tbe study of that reality and that fatherland. But study is not enough, because once this understanding has come, there must also come, aa Karl Harm said genially, moreentury ego, 'theof thia bitter reality into something beautiful and different.

"By various routes our generation came to know dlaleotio materialism, the most advanced end revolutionary philosophio system of oure were quick to Join the dialectic currents. That step would save ua definitively, because it would place os, first.orrect political position, and second. It would put usoeitioa to understand clearly our artistic activity.

nly by tbe study and application of revolutionary thought haa It been possible for us to know to the bottom the reality of tbe world and of Guatemala, to go forwardorrect political line, end begin to understand the role and the ultimate purpose of

"The understanding of tbe art and culture of the Soviet Onion, the Chinese People's Republic, and ths Peoples' Democracies has played en Important part In our Ideological and artistic development.

"The multiplef Soviet culture have been of first importance for the development of our generation. .

"Gorki, Ostrovski and the Soviet novelists in genoralj Ksiakovskl, Na2lm Mkmot, Neruda, Shostakovich, Prokoffief, Are poo, Howard Fast, Guttuso and others, have been true masters for our generation. ."

Huberto Alvarado attended the Third World Touth Festival and subsequently toured the Russian satellite countries of Poland, Hungary and Kumsola, On returning to Guatemala, heeport of

hia trantitled "Por el Nuevouthed Ln part ia the iwgaslne 3evista do Guatemala, Obeervlnc iho "pioneer children" in tha countries he visited, he wrote, "the authentic, scientific, human vanguard of the world is growing up in theseew humanity.*

"The artists of the populareavo found the Croat themes of our time in socialistt ia an art for life, for the man who areuman life, with enthusiasm and Joy, her* in thia world, on this earth and In those streets. It is the art of the century of aociollssu-

Casa de In Culture Ouatcnalteca

The Guatemalan House of Culturerivate organlzotion which claims to bo dodicated to advancing artistic and scientific activities In OuatemaL Itock Pair in the exhibit hall of tho Government'a National Palacet which the most popular book stall, according to the proes, was Libraria futuro, which sold Communist publications, lncludlnj fpanlah-language books and Dsxaphleta from Moscow.

Officera of the Casa de la Culture Ouatoitaltcca, according toPueblo, October lTTtSH, are as follows!

Alfonso ORATTTES, President of th* .laUonal tlactor.ilof the Political Committee of the Partido dective in Peace

Vice -residenti Luisragon, formero ttoscow; Vice President cf the Rational Peace Cocr.lttee,

fecretary 'toners 1: Ruberto ALVARADO, member of ths Central Ccctmitteeof the routh Coanission of tho Communist PartidoTrabajo

Secretary for Thoaten Enrique JUAREZ Toledo, Coisjminlst-line political writer for rn^-Communist dally Hueatro Dlarlo.

Secretary for *eordsi Rene

FINANCE COfttOTTEE

Guillsnwforalee, Secretaryi Professor at San Carlos Jnlvsrsity brother of Manual NCftlEGA Morales, the ^resident of the Bank of Guatemala.

Aurella v. de "JNOZ Heany, widow ofanny, the former "inlater to France.

Pierett* de DIAZ Rosiotto, wife of Jaime 1IAZ Ronaotto, theretary General of the Presidency.

dc Guatemala, Vol.. M9 et seq.

CK*mET Leopoldo CASTVXLANOS Carillo, Secretary. Bernardo OARCIA 7apata

Fer-nando VALTSS Mas,or tho Govermant's Diario do Centre America; rocretary of Finance of Cosnunist irJiltrateaournalists' -union.

Enriquo NORIEGA, leftist journalist

Carlos SERRAMO, Spanish Coramunist, Itanaging iditer of leftist Nuestro Piario.

Alejandro "RKVALO, writer for leftist Hueatro Mario -LITDttRT COrKETTEn

Otto Raul OOUZALEZ, poet, rocretary Oeneral of the Diparbxent of

Guatemala Peace Con-nit tee; Renter of the SaUonal Agrarian Cou-icil.

Pedro GUILLEN, writer for leftiot Nuestro Mario.

Alalde POPPA do SOLORZANO, wife of Alfonso SOLORZANO, Manager of the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security.

'erner OVALLE Lcpoc, writer for Nuestro Mario.

Luis Alberto LAVATDARIA, Professor in Huracilties Facflty of San Carlos University| Instructor in IOSS Social Security chool.

lhaaborto hVINAVOSZ Cobos, Civil Registrar of Gua tana la, member of the Political Committee of the tenuvaclon Naclonal

AYA Amador, Honduran exile wlto attended2 Asiatic and Pacific Peace Conference In "akin; writer.

r-usic cow ass ion

Jose Enrique TORRES, Secretaryi member of Saker-Ti, Coataunist artist and writer group.

Antonio TIDAL

Jose Luis AVELAR

Jose Perflrio GONZALEZ

Jose ABVALO Ouerra, signer of TMacef call for National ryace; member of Saker-Tl.

Luis Alberto QJE7ADA

lioctor DATILA, flute nlay&r, delegate9 Pease Conpresa In 'exico.V, nenber of Saker-Ti

Jose CftSTEfEPA, leading cotrposer, nana appears In "Peace'*ctivities

ropoberto VAZQUEZ, recretaryt Prize-winning porlrait painter an! writer, nenber of Saker-Ti.

Juan Antonio FRANCO, painter, sambor of Saker-Ti, active in Peace "ovensnt.

llARTrNKZ, member of raker-Tij active in Peace Itovenento

Ouillemoana, on reception coiaalttee for Pablo flERUDA, Chilean Conraunlat poet.

.'ornando ORAfUS, Colombian wood-ether and painter, member oflj employee of Office of Information in the Presidency.

Roberto OSfATR, leading modern paintorj furnished drawing to riuc?tro nierio protesting execution of the Roaenbergs.

Rodolfo OALLKOTTT Torres, Director of the Sscuolatas Plastlcan, participated InHoveaent"

IOTION PICTURE 'cck'ittss

Roberto DIA7 Castillo, Secretaryi Ilomber of the Alinnza de la Juycntudde Guatenalaornonist ybuth organization.

ADA, employee of fnsti tut Kran-als.

Jose fERUAVDEZ Doris, Spaniard expelled from Venezuela? fco-Coarninlstployoe of information Office of the Presidency

'ntonlo POTXAWSZ Izaguirrc, iBonber of Presidium of National Conference for the Defense of the Rights of)

Felix Servio "UCOUDRAT, Dominican exile, reportedly Connunlst.

Sindlcato Ha clonal de "erlodistae de Qua te mala (SHPO)

The SKK)ewspapermen's organisation which incorporates most of the staffs of tho leftist snd the pro-^ovornosnt press. Secretary General of the organization is Jesus Alvarado Mendlzabal, whoember of the Communist POT. The 'NPG is affiliated with the Ccsmudat-sponsored Internet! Organization of Jurists.

One of tbo mass organizations first fornod in Guatemala In tho post-revolutionary period was the Alianza do le Juvontud do Guatemalastablished7 as an affiliate of the Coamunist World Federation of Democratic Touth (WFDT). Its objectives, atatedanlfeeto widely circulated ia the Caribbean area, worei o fight for the maintenance of worldoroy the fool of faso eliminate racialo work for effective national eooooalc liberationo work for industrial developnant.

Froa the beginning the AJDG apparently was part of the clandestine world Coaaunlat conspiracy. The organizing committee listed among Its members Jose fl.alvadoran known for Communist activities in Guatemala, and Bornardo Alvarado Monaon, who later emergedro-Cocamuniat leader. Zaaora waa ousted froa the eocretary-generalship0 and proceeded publicly to accuse Mario 'i:va Joneae, Antonio Sierra Gonzalez, Octavio Reyes aadAlvarado ofcaaainiat group within the organization.

-ince its formation the AJDG has worked closely with other front organizations, such aa the Saker-Ti Group aad Cocaaunlet-led student groups. These three organizations often have aoabers ln coamon.

Guldanoe for AJDG activities is often provided by tbe CGTG, aad cooperation ls received from the AFG, CEP, Ooiversity Democratic Front (FDD) aad CHOC. The government press aad radio consistently havs given wide publloity to AJDG rallies, aany of which have been hold in government-owned schools. High government and congressional officials usuallyas members of the presidium at AJTG oongressaa.

Tbe AJDG haa bold local and national oongresseaost important or which was the National Conference in Defease of tha Rights of Touth, In Guatemala Cityust prior to tbe International Touth Conference ln Vienna. Thia congreaa was summoned by the Juveotud Ferrooarrilera, an apparently Cormiinl at-oriented group within tha railway workers1 union SAMF. ommittee on Initiative Measures was appointed, including representation froa the AJTG,EP, CCTG, CECG, Saker-Ti sad AFG. The government's officialnd radio gave ample publicity support.

The advance notices emphasized that tha congrees was open to "all Gua tecslan youth without distinction of political Ideas orowever, accordinget of rules announced before the congreaa, only representatives of invited organizations,elect list, were to be recognized as delegates, and all presiding officers at tho general sessions and at the oomalttee aaetlngs were to be chosen in advanoe by thamitte*.

Tbe conference opened at the America theater and moved to the government-owned Girls' Borne! School, Helen attended. The presiduo nt the opening cororaoniee consisted of Julio Fa trade de la Hoz, then president of Congress, woll-known for hia dose association with Cosssunlst leaders and affaire; Soberto Giron lemua, Communist-collaborating first Tics-president of Congressj Jorge Lula ArrioLt, minister of public health; Lularagon, prc-Coraaunlst poet at that time vlce-prer.ldent of tho national Peace Committee; Victor Manuel Gutierrez, Communist deputy and secretary general of CGTC; Rafael Tlsohler, Communist secretary general of tbe nations! teachers' union STEC.

The permanent president of the conference was Julio Tstevez. He was identified in the press merely as an economics student of thebut he was In faot the secretary of organization of the Copgmintat-doalnated university Democratic Front, Guatemalan affiliate of tbe CceoBunlet International Union of Students. Eete vex hadnsaber of tbe local preparatory committee for1 Berlin Touth Conference and was elected secretary of finances of tbs Tooth Committee for Peace The permanent vice-prealdont was Otto Raulriter of tbe Saker-Ti group who since then has re presented tbs Presidential Secretariat of Proas and Propaganda at several ceremonies in which land waa given to farm workers under tbe Agrarian Reform Law andelegate to tbe Peking Peeoe Conference. Tbegenera! of tbe Conference was Hugo Bsrrloselegate to1 Berlin Touth Congressember of the Disciplinary Committees of both tbe FDD and the AJPG.

Tbe agendaide range of economic, social and cultural subjects, and each delegate was limited to two five-elnute speeches on each topic. Sixty resolutions ware adopted,ledge ofsupport of tbe Agrarian Reform Law and numerous demands for tbe "demoeretlration" of rural, secondary and university education. Association with tbe Communlet peeoe movement was ehown by unanimous adoptionesolution stating, "It la necessary to maintain andpeeoe, be cause without peaoe there can be no progress andin war the first victim la youth,"

Onthe official Dlario jje Centro Amp rloa announced formationreparatory Committee for Guatemalan participation in tha Fourth (International) Touth Festival, to be held in Ducharest. The Preparatory Committee embraced representation from the Guatemalan AJDG, FUT, CEP, Saker-Ti and AED. All of these organizations, with tbeof AED (Aaoclaclon de Estudlantea Onlversltarlos) are Ccsssmlot-orieoted. The report On the local preparatory activities in tbenewspaperine markedly favorable to the international festival. "In Bucharest thist stated, "will gather thousands ond thousands of youths with different political and religious beliefs

and there will be Catholic and Protestant youths, liberals end socialists,ut all, abeolutely all, will be united by the single great desire for peace end friendship."

Twenty Guatemalan delegates, accompaniedarimba land withlayers, attended the Bucharest PeatlTal; seven of the Guatemalantravelled to the DSSR after tbe conference adjourned. Moatdevelopment for the Guatemalans was the decision tofirst Festival of Central American Touth and Students for Peace" in Guatemala Cityossibly in October.

As soon as the delegates returned from Bucharest, plans for the Central American Congreas were announced. Nuestroonamhereported that an Organising Committee for the proposed festival had been appointed, with Hugo Barrios Klee as secretary general. The principal organizations behind tho naming of the Organizing Committeo ware the AJTG, FTJD and CEP. All of these organizations are affiliated withAlvarado's Touth Commission of the PGT. Other organizations participating in the naming of the committeo were the youth sections of the PGT and of the PAR, as well as tbe CGTG, AFG, Saker-Ti, Case de la Culture Ouatemalteca, Juventud remocratica Ferrocarrilera and tbe Asodaoion de Estudiantes de Servlcio focial. The newspaper also stated that the following organisations had agreed to take pert: the youth organizations of the PRC and the RN, the youth club of the Guardia Civil (nationalh* Association of Professors and student* of Fin* Arts and the Students Association of tbe Rural Normal School.

The press anaouncemsnta of euch extensive affiliations tend to give an exaggerated impression of numerical strength in the AJTG, whichfulfils the intention of Coaxsunist use and development of Preceding paragraphs show tbatelegates attended theonference ln Pefenae of the Rights of Touth but that the official delegates were limited by close selectionompact, controllable group. This, too, la standard practice within theCommunist conspiracy. Eight-column headlines and inflated news reports of such meetings, of which many examples exist in the Guatemalan press, servo both to conceal the fact of minority control and toopposition by creating an illusion of mass strength far beyond reality.

A telling example of this practice was displayed when press reports described the "great enthusiasm" among Guatemalan youth for th* Berlin Festival of Democratic Touth. Banner headlines and quantities of column epace were given to the meeting at which the Guatemalan delegates wer*o report on the Berlin Festival and on their travels la the Soviet Orbit afterward. atter of fact, the returned travelershinly filled hall, with fewereople ln the audience, nearly all of them known fellcw-meabere of tho AJTG,,

? rente UnivBrM.tario Democrat!T>>

The Democratic University Front wan founded on It ia an affiliate of the Corasnnlat International Students' Union (ISU) in Prague. In the national university of San Carlos tha PUD represents the Cceraunlats' efforts to propagate the Soviet line. It isinority noaltlon in the student body, out-nunberod by tha moderate Asoclaclon de retudlantes Univereltarlos (ARU) and the Coed to de "studl antes Onivorslt-arioa Anti-Communis teaeading student anTi-Ccwtunist organization.

The Secretary General of the PUD is Cesar Augusto Caaali Avila, an ennloyee of the National Agrarian Dapartioont and Secretary for Organization of the union of thatmployees, and active In PGT circles, lie attended tho ISU meeting in uudapest in2 snd later toured several of the "People's Democracies" ol'urope. lie has written hie travel experiences for tha Communist Tribune Popular. Rio signed statements never deviate from the TOT line.

The PUD Secretary for Crganlaation and acting Secretary General when Cazali is absent la Julioieve z, who in the fall3 visited the USSR and Ceanunist China after attending the Third -orld Congress of Studente at Warsaw in August.

'.part fron theing in Bucharest which Cazali attended, the fJD has sent delegations to3 World Touth featlval In bu chare at and the subsequsnt Student's Conferenceraaw.

PUT)onthly review, Nuestra Lucha, which adheres closely to the international Conewinlst line.

Confederaclon de Estudiantes de Poet "rlmaria

The CKPigh school students organization which follows the Coer-iunlst line closely and Is favorably treated in POT publications. The CEP ob ably servesood training camp for prospective POT mentors.

Alb-iaza yp men Inn Quaca (AFG) "ftuatemalnn Po minim- Alliance)

The Allanza f'ononina luatennltaca, foundediof tho first unitsT'of" the structure of tho Communist front of mass organizations in Gun torsi a. Two experienced foreign Corxiunlst women organizers.Virginia bravo Lctelior of Chile, and Ilela "artlnez Eapinosa of 2euador, brought about its formation with the close cooperation and ruidance of the experienced Cocsainlsts froc outsae> Guatemala such as Llpshutz, tianuol Eduardo IhiLner rttchnrdson and Oonar Godoy Urrutia of Chile} and CTAL oreoru with whom they had contact, such as Juan liarlnello of Cuba and toberto Morcna of brazil, at the sans time nore steering organizationGuatemalan labor*

ihe objectives of tl* All ansa Fcaenina were naintod in terns of broad general appeal ucll calculated to capture the imagination of Guatemalan women, especially teachers, whooarer to take up nolitlcal and civic activities which had not boon open to then aider previous governments.

Doth Virginia Bravo and ilela Martinez obtained appointments ln the Guatemalan Ministry of bducation, and fra.ffice and homo were known an mooting pin con where laembers of the Grupo Saker-Ti, STsT. and the Octubre circle, ware in contact with the CTAL organisers and other foreign Ccernini3to. Virginia Bravonuel "duardo nubnor Riclvardson were old friends of Pablo "en-da in Chile and in Guatemala acted asnts for his eppoarance there to stimulate the advance rent of the Conmunlat "piece" movement.

The now women's organization at first was called All ansap tonal toanamorlcana, but tlio last part of the title was gradually abandoned. Little effort was made to keep up the pretext of altruistic cultural and civic alms; efforts to keep tho organisation on that track wore ovor-rldden. Those unwilling to conformrank pro-Coranuniot orientation found themselves ineffective if not unuelcone, and the society soon settled downmall hard-core group of collaborators who thoneoforwardeos at all times willing andenergetic in supporting Communist-lire objectives.

Tho AFO nucleus is connected with tho hard-core minority Leadership of international Communism in Guatemala by ties of marriage as well as ideology,

Lily de Alvarado, Director ofijeres" is thef Carlos rlvirado Jerez, Comnunist director of tho national. Radio TGI/. Irma Chaves Castillo de Alvarado Monzon, AFO Secretary for Organization, lo alao cJdef of tho 1'coon's Connie si on of the PGT Central Corrdtteo. Slsa de Guerra Borges, wife of the POT Secretary

for /ropagsnda, la the AFC Secretary for Propaganda. Although reputedly divorced, the couple continues political collaboretica,tbe Counselors of AFC la Mariaortuny, third wifee Secretary Coneral of the Guatemalan Communist party, POT, Shero torn of Virginia Bravo Lotolior, received training uadev tbalose Buporvlaion, and la now tbs Chief Clark of tho .ICSS, GuRte&alan Institute of Social Security. Another APG Counselor is Sra. Piorrete do Diss Roasotto, wife of tho Coanminlst-oricited Socretary General of tho Proaidency and Secretary Gen oral cf the Rfl party.

Tho AFC Invariably Is represented on tbo Presidium of Ccamunlst--froot metiers, andseful Coanunist propaganda outlet because of '. nifervor and initiatlvo generated in tbe group through tha leadership first of Virginia Bravo end now of Poraun co, AFG Secrotery Cenoral. The AFG boa special competency andfor penetration ef tbs fields of grade school and rural teaching end social wo If are.

The AFG has taken an active rolo in support of tho peaco movement generally, the International Congress on Child Welfare, and such specific CocKuniet activities as tbe "Week of Solidarity with tha Korean People*.

Dora Franco and Irma Chavez do Alvarado Monzoo sponsored showings of Sryviet-oado films on bacteriological warfare. Dora franco was chief ofGuatemalan delegation attending tho Congress of the Ccrmirlst Iota-national Association of Daaocratic 'noon innd the Vienna Conference cn Child Wolf Inoho retv.nsd on tbe some flight with Guatemalan delegates to tbe Sixth Confess of tbe Communist World Fedoration of Teacbara' unions (PISE) held in Eaat Berlin, which waa attended by Rafaol Tlachler, bead of the Guatemalan teachers' union STEG Tho AFG bos closo working relations with tbe loaders of STEG, and ceopcoates In advancing tbecf the KISS Berlin meeting, namely, to promote tbo "peace camp.ign" among tonchei-j, enoourago teachers to foster progress agalet iirporlnliata endrepare teachers to acotipt propganda from tbo DSSR for distribution and use in the schools; promote separation of school systems from the Influence ofgroups and tbo church, propose higher standards of living for teaersrs; increase toucher nombership in th* VFTO.

It was tbe AFC that undertook to capitalise, for the benefit of into)national Communion, cu the religious feelings of the Guatonalan pooF.'e bypea,oe" masa. Inart of thersl CooB&tnlet peace campaign. Tho Church authorities of Guat male checked this attempt and it resulted in resignations of disillusioned non-Ccarooiot aamboK, of tbo Allansa. The origin

of tboass enterprise ia of considerable interestemonstration of tho policy enunciated by Lenin cf using anything and anybody to gain tho objectives of the International Communist conspiracy. .'IandbiUs issued by tho AFG at ths time tell the story clearly. They consistheetetter addressed to Hia Holiness the Pops by K. Frederic Joliot-Curie, leading figure in the Vorld Partisans of Peace organization,apal statement on tho question of vorld peace, ftw Papal statement is thonecond piece of this literature consistsrinted handbill addressed to "Catholics who lovo peace. It reads as followsi

"Recently tho Serena Pontificate hao stated that tbe fearew war today causes tbo women of all faiths throughout the vorld to deaire and uork for peace. These words of His Hollneos come to stir the deep sentiment of pooce which Inspires the woman of Guatemala, confirming to us that tho Holy Catholic Church has recognized the desire of millions of faithful who pray for the preservation of this moot precious blessing of earth.

"The Holy Father, in calling upon us to be *thc messengers of peace' as he did at the Congrees of the Vorld Onion of Catholic Women, asks us to struggle so that the horrors of war will not continue to prevent mutual understanding between the

ontribution to the effort for world peace,iSPAaa Quntemalteca, invitee all Catholics who believe ln the peacefulof peoples to attend the mass which will be offered at the Church of Santo Domingo, ont noon, to carry their prayers for this noble hope.

"The AHaaya, Femenlna Guatetaeltoca. in inviting you to this pious act, ratifies its adherence to the movement for peace and In particular the Rational Assembly for Peace which will beay, in as much as this assembly will be tho expression of tho will for peace of the Guatemalan people.

"Vernon,ttend the Mass at the Church of Santo Domingo at noon on Maynd pray for peaoe^

"Guatemala,llan zs Fepenlna pjateme Itecft"

At the first National Congress of tho Allaaza, Femanlnaheld in tho auditoriumovernmont-owned school, on Decemberoraranco asserted that the organization had multiplied its work three-fold2 and now had fifty branches in twelvedepartments ao well aa six ia tbo capital. elegates attended the meeting at which thess statements were made. Dora Franco also claimed tbat the organization had0 pieces of literature. In her epooch she ridiculed several times any allegation that tberganization.

aiaT'.:cA

(Officers Sleetedational Council

ranco.

barren

father de ITR'JTIA .

Lily de ALVAftADO

71ctorln nTJRMI

General; deleeste to Child 'rfclTaro Co'ncress, Vienna,orld Congressaen,raveler to Soviet orbit, writer for Cosrunist Tribuna lopular.

Secretary for Ghildron'sattendee! ^Han-Pacific Peace ^onference at

Vice Secretary Geraral; daler.ato to Vienna Peacective in local "Peace" novonent.

Secretary of Propaganda, wifo of Carlos Alvarado Jeres, Corr^inist director of the national radio, TOW; delegate to Vienna Peace Conference, De

. Secretary for Culture; attended AsiannTeronceekin.

de GUEHTtA Uorgec

of Propaganda, wifoT Alfredo Guerra borgoa.

divorced.

Secretary of Prona.-anda of thoPGT, horseGT nonber.

Chavez Castillo de ALtaSA*X) 'lemon.

Itaria Jerez do

rccrotary for Organization; wifenordo' KEvxcado I'onzon, Secretary for Organization of the Conzainlct POT, her-colf head of the Uonen's Comnission of tho PGT, active in "Peace" novemontu

Secretary for finance, wifo of JoaorIuKy( Secretary General of the Comnunist PGT; herself Secretary General (chief clerk) of thoAgrarian Do par.

of

ilsa ZAJAS

GODOT In Veaco" csweeont and

Ikr/dee -wo/icauses.

Consuolc de I'JlT'.CCyT'J Colia CTrav Laurae PI^ITA Silvia de "rCUS Flufcla de LvOK LolitaLES

Lnura rallol dethe

of the Department ef orvlce or tne

Gniatenalan Institute of Social

Security! wife of Alejandro Itorwudex.

RALSS

t-axlninafor CrrnniwU.on of a

market women'si speaker at Djpartcent of Guatenala

*"

PAR (NovemberCastro dein local -Peace-

nortensia xbcum ^

of thoU9)-

rvneiMiln PFnfTRA in -Peace" envenent;

Consualolfl COTnunJst Qctufcra as adlitent

.waber of leftist RtTparty nudtlno stale sent that Russian people would carry fonrard rtalin's strug-le after his duet-

The International Aasocistlca oi Democratic lawrtomparatively small Communist-front organizatie*sy of numbers of the legal proferslcn. Itsa-iedtloral affiliatesountries. Of tho national aifillu^eo, at least J* are Coaaazolst or Concunlat front organizations.c* vr.lch trs lt Cojnsunist-controlled countries. Sinceileadership <iaa cca-siuted exclusively of Coianunists.

IADL UBS founded in Paris6 oaten ni lily for- the pvr.pMe of (lj promoting International solidarity amongeit* ting the davelopment of internfitlonal lav,pporilng ths IH, Li ha other Gcensunist front organizations of tbeeriod Itto disguieo its pro-Soviet, anti-Wottein political orieotation in order to secureparticipation. Conitoqueat^-'g before lo/J3 the IAPL included among its leaderslacrity cf ton-noaraunist Jurists who uere attracted by the prtfsesedsljr. of tbe organization, but wore without prevlens Sovietio ia. At its Prague Congressti. frankly mergedcanalee front organization* en It became obvious thutpi,v-tereot ln non-partisan legal discussion and ee'lon, laost of "ta nen-Coimwnlst members resigned. In Julytbe bfl ECOSOC revo.ollAPL'a consultative status innhat itsad no real bearing on the vork of the Council and thata usLig its consultative status for propaganda purposes. dlarly, onhe French Government Issued an order suspending tbet I. to maintain its headquarters in France.

SlaoeIADL meetings have followed the profilingine and have attempted to support end provideusti icatjor. fot- the policies and actions of the world Coamoiist iwvooeijx Tbui all national IAPL affiliates were urged toctively It the ponce movement and to sign first thend tl en thn Five Power "Peace- Paot Appeal. 1 portwrosrs and ere advised that it was lawful to impede the transport*tlo< of v: -material since lt oerved to prevent war crlues a'W- uure uraivh efforts. The CoaaDnlat-spooaored Second World Puecoer ix. itl in ofrasalon" was approved by Okj IADL,,

Proalnont aaong the apodal activitiesc XaDL osj beenof bacteriological warfareaiajt tl*2 the IADL sort 'to ths Far EaSn nr. 'Cnreatisofar CrLsas It,adlawyers. The "Invottlnitbsa Comedrs: oil*

on The "finding.-'" alisgedljlessdtlfef

iw -ii-'iiiM ebjc-fns tootAiwed Force* Had fcr-enlejagSs-alaji erlma. ou-.olllagr;. i> usediiaaavlllf, beard for CeeeUilrt <f. thet tho vai rullty ccc otherd Tina.

bo IAIt. hail ;urwcttantioc to the "dafsqii*h* sala theaeumber of ita rsoeir-.V;nd fulfilled rtalln'a behest at tto l'H.h7oaeeu, October,tbat the Cotpl 'is bnr.neT of tne bcurg*^is^eawerntic frerdotw.tosnjorllf cf Uas peoples*"

furrestef toe IADL cloeoiy follow Soviet pcllv-ical patboitl BiwMi.Lsga have ebargod that the Atlantic Pact and ^ctorw poll .in Coraanj violated tbe Ull starter and tho Salto aiw fot-id-r. -ig--i- 'jatfl, ronpoTUvelyj tu Japanese FeaOS Treaty USB- nan*, .tbat ceiiort .reoognl:od as having any legsloth*a* noetic decried tinvielntios cf rights cf the defepro Jn US effortsaw* whilo thv Sovietcorpaign haa toec-licaK; of tbe UP", Tho Internatioml Aesocl&Uoa of Dean-emtio lawyers laOoer exrmpleypical postwar Ccnsuals* ircot orayuolratton,orofessional "legel* Juetif ica-tlca levrr-ot Ssmsui let party line -

erarnticosj*xrJatio,i sV^icratic Lawers}

Asv:iatlon of Qutocrallc Lair/er? is ths rost recentlyJ*ateTala. Et traces ite origin torrpcnsored Chilean Cultural Congress in Cantitgciv; tbat au Jntor-American congross of lawyere bs hold 'isa proposed ccofrese ma bald In Guatemala Cit7f fiflOLtOO .from the Guateiaalanu helpaftei^nxd tho .lOiiD anncunead its existence. Its

presVent jut'1 "iortirorxer is Antonio Crua France, inJo;-' .lu^lce and flao presidentecact.li'ts* -if exlsjtanai of thos snoounccd, it pent th.W'

: rli toiiprcsr. or DurAcratic Lawyers in iTlennt, one af j'tcritie. The ACJP lainority jrnup ard'.uce' uriant <ien-Ccs>rnnlat 'Auyem.

x ;ticr: of trdu iknixinint-front crranixatiori was sij'.'a cn

ToTcelar Tii Xic Jlarxt. atitadrur nanlss berapotited Uu'i thexilL rtEtutnaaioxrdtiwcutuntrt ehnrtly *o

II'-'

Although the AGJD is of recent origin, Its erection evilentLr has been an object of Conrniriiat plans for raoi*ear. First irdicatlor> of those plans was -rlvonesolution ef the Santiago Cul-cra!alling for the Continental Congress of Denoci! -lc Lawyer* in Gua tennis City uithin that year*

In the absenceost organiaation lo noedle the sitts iiucessary for an lntcrnnt-lonal congress,ad tc to Lift In tho hands of "volunteers." -lost of the uork uasrux personally.

The Ooosnadftt and pro-ao^dr-istratlon pres3 gave much pOlicii* U- tbe Inter-American Lawyers Congress. The gover*meat decree grti ^ngo help with Congress expenses was published in the officialai lo do but, despite fovor&ble publicity and monetary assistance,alled Congress attracted fewer thanoreign delegates ailed to draw the particinatlon of promrent non-Coraiuniats. Itoreovt.r, tra "forolgn" delegates were Salvadoran, Ibndcran and HicnraguanxDjs living In luatennis, who purported to represent thalr countries.

The congress also failed to create an illusion that Ua ^eU ;ringon-partisan one interestederal matters. in rist tone was constantly anparont. Theesolutions tdopted vsie rorchan legal in character. The principal resolution was the -calledf Guatemala" which pledged all lawyers signing lt totil thoir fen and capacities to tha toek of safeguarding liberty, peace ml justice and defending He sovereijTity of our Other resolutions cor.eemodi "The Tlefense of the UK Charter Against Tendenciefl to Convvr. it ^nto the InstrumentingleThe Jfianindty Ruls in the oluarantee for Peace andhe "Karmfulness of larV* General "oiler for Vationallxatlon of foreign Firms and Public SerrLiberty of Action for PoliticalThe tight of Defense Against nd "The 'bcecutlon of therirre of the State-'

The conference alsoeries of resolutions c; Dorstidrotest to the JS and Lritish GovorMvstsout "violence" in British Guiana, declared the conference in favor of tc right of the Puerto Rican people to independence and of Ue rightanueunla; people to sovereirnty In the Canal Zone aid endorser Ouster* la's -lain to Lelizo (British Honduras),

Onthroe- nariiora of tiie newly formed iro-pVienna to attend the 4orld Congrosa ofawyer s D pirticiclearly links tha enfaryonic grjup in rua**raaJa

Internationalf Denocratic Liwyers (XAiiL).

Pnlsgates to tho uorld Congress uoa-i

Humberto Jfernandat Cobee, civil registrar of enteralsijrcer of

t.ie Politicalt*e thoe; arty'i'" on tie cans...

Ernesto Capuano del Vccchio, official of tho Rational Agrarian Dank, running mate of theose Canuel Fortuny in3 conr.rossional ca-apnlgn in the Tapartojntateiicla, and secretary for Indoctrinotion of t'lo leftist Particc de la Terolucion Guaterelbscn (PRO)

bernnrdo Tulllo Oarcia Zapata, Colombian Connunist who had attended3 "Second Contirwntal Congrees of Democratic LiU'Tors" Ln Ouatemala.

These close links with the international Coonanistlus the echo in the stated objectives of *he AOJD of tho principles iiid down by the parent IADL, clearly indicate that AGJD, like all the siass orrani-sations, ls no noreuppet dancing to tho Soviet tune.

Health and Child Problepa

Director of Debates; It.Burke, tv Dapotj In Congress,

Secretary-Reporter: Dr. Rafael P* Bum, Spanish Commucdst leader In CiuuLemala,

recretary of Acta: Jeeoa Alvarado, Salvarioraa axiloj Socretary Coneru.

of extremondlcato Naclonal de Period 1st de Guatemala SHPG- Matlonal Syndicate of

Secretary of Acta: Ventura Ramos, Ronduran exile, Ccntounlst suspect, active In the SNPC.

Educational and Cultural ti&m

Director of Debates: Llo. Carlos Gonzeloz Cejsllana, Cceamuiiat eympathi;

Sub-Saoretary of Guatemalan Ministry of Education

Secretary-Reporter! Lie. Manual A. Santos, member of prc-Communlot groups.

of Aotsi

Secretary of Acts:

Otilia da Balcareel, on* of the denoaatrato; arolnat ratification of Rio Pact by National Coo-gross Inffiosr of National Peac*

Prof. Rafael Tlachlor, pro-Corrmmist Seoretary General of the teachers' union STEG,

B Ml

Director ofortensla Hernandez HoJas, Recretary of Women's Affairs of the pro-Comnunist labor party (PRCS) founded by V. M. Gutierrez,

Secretary-Re porter: Prof. Buberto Alvarado, Secretary-General of Corn-bam 1st rroat youth organization AJTCi stt*ndcd CoBimmiat World Touth Festival, East Berlin,

of tote:

Godoy, met-ber of Guatemalan IJatianal Peac*ctive In Cocaaunlrt woman'a affairs.

of Acta:

Marco Antonio bianco, Relations ofcretaxy of Forelgl.

Director of Doha tea:

So oretory-Aeporter i

Secretary of Acta:

Jose Soils Roja-l, Secretary of Culture sssl Propaganda of Ccaamrilat-froot youth orpanlratlor AJTC,

Prof. Cacar Rene Crux, Secretary of Culture and Propaganda ofunion SHPC,

Prof. Victoria Moraga, Officer of tiieatrated against ratification of Rio Paot by National Congreaa

of Acta: Atala Valensuela, leader of feminine/la AJTC.

Tbe foregoing incident in Guatemala was by oo aeons an isolated case. This fact Is shown not only by tbe close parallel vltb tbe occurrences et tbe Breslsn Congress of Intellectuals, but by oonparlson with like incidents In other latin Aaerlcan countries. SladUar techniques have been used to gain Communist domination of other types of meetings. Including labor. abor conference In Santiago, Chile, inor one example, local CosaBunists, known to have been under international direction, employed the sane technique with alight

In that oaao, although the Communists were In tbe minority at tbs meeting, they veo control by using delaying tactics which wore down tbe patience of the other participants until tbe Cccsssniat delegates were the only ones remaining In the convention hall oa sessions were pro treated to twelve or more hours. The Cceasnjiste would keep resolutions from comingote until that tlaej tbe resolutions adopted, therefore, were largely dictated by Cnnm.rolata,abor unification program under Coxaaualst control waa thus launched.

Chronology of Cotamnlst Penetration In Quateriflln

Formation and Emergenceommunist Party

Government Positions Held by Conmuniete

Communists ln Labor Organizations

Communist Infiltration of, snd Influence ln, other Folitical Parties

Travel of Guatemalan Communists

Foreign Communists' Visits to Guatemala

ttitudes toward and Relations with International

issemination of Communlet-Llne Propaganda

0

0

oacmnlst Party

Ttrossf!attempts Bade to organise Coamonlet Party.

Unsuccessful affort soda to organize Coineninlet Party under naae of Batloaal Popular Tangnsrd.

Democratic Vanguard, forerunner of Ouatemalan Coaajslet Party, founded.

Guatemalan Communists held first Party Congress,

adopted naae Coanaialst Party of Guatemala,

and elected Jose Manuel /ortuny Secretary Oeneral.

Tor tuny and nine others resigned froa the Partyvolutionary action to fora new group.

Tanguard Communist Party, oriented onCoranlet lines-

Upon resigning from the Party ofJose Manual PortanT and ninea statement which, ln essence, waaadmission of complete loyalty tofathered byStalin doctrinism,expreesed0 ln the domesticpolicies of the soviet "In the caap of peace are thethe Popular China of Hao Teepopular democracies of Buropo andliberating movement of the colonialpeoples, and the workingall countries, directed by the "In the case of theare the monopolistic circlesfinancial capital centralizedQThs Soviet Union has ae aof lte International policy thepacificof tbe two systaaelong period.- . the USSR never. the United Statesthe capitalistic countriesworking classes

.he fight against lapcrlsllsn and reaction." "Vhat our people demandsnguardarty effectively

3.

0

0

0 September0

April1

1

12

2

the proleteriat, really revolutionary, free of any bourgeois or Imperialist. weight for the immediate task of the democratic-bourgeoisn order to reach aa an end the Inauguration of"

Common lst-line BeTolutionary Workers1 Party of Guatemala founded by Tfctor Manuel Gutierrez, who published eanifeBto outllnlog pro-Soviet objectives in virtually same manner that Tor tuny group did.

newspaper Octubre founded by Communist Party of Guatemala led by Jose Manuel fortuny..

Octubre flret published openly.

Communist indoctrination schoolounded under direction of Alfredo Ouerra Borgee and Tfctor Manuel Qatlerraz.

Jose Hanuel fortuny began publicly siting doennents as "Secretary Oenaral of the Coosoniet Party of Guatemala". Two Communist manifestoes sppeared In the official prese.

Communist Party of Guatemala held first public ceremony attended by high go ver on ant officials at which it announced intention toegally registered party.

Tfctor Manuel Gutierrez admitted to press that heomnuniet.

After trip to Moscow, Tfctor Manuel Gutierrez dissolved Revolutionary Workers' Party of Guatemala and Joined the Comfaunlst Party of Guatemala headed by Jose* Manuel fortuny. Advised followers to do same.

Ooatexalan Coemcnlsts held Second Party Congress, reelected Joe* Manuel Tortony Secretary Oeneral,ame to Guatemalan labor Party, reorganized party along Stalinist lines, and converted weekly Octabre into daily pap>

reeentlng draft statutes of the Guatemalan

Labor (Communist) Party at the Second Party Congrees, the Political Coaunlttee described them aa "statutes of the Karxiet-Lenlnlst Party of the working class of our country" based. prlnclplos with vhlch Lenin enriched the Marxist doctrine ln the creation of instruments capabls of constructing tha csvhumane, aore just, without the exploited and the"

Labor (Coaaainl it) Party registered

by Guatemalan Government as legal party ln Civil Registry.

Guateaalan Labor (Communist) Party adhered

to Soviet line. Tbat, it endorsed accusation of Stalintbat "Jewish doctors" bad plotted the death of certain Soviet leaders, reversed iteelf after Stalin's death ln March by endorelng the new line put out by Beria that the doctors1 confession had been extracted by "impermissiblend finally reversed Itself again by Joining in haleakov's accuea-tlone that Beriaraitor.

Sahches" School reopened ln keeping

with Guatemalan Labor (Coacunlst) Party decision to expand educational program.

olicy report to the Central Cosnlttee

of the Guateaalan Labor (Coaennlst) Party, Joss* Manuel Tar tuny laideven-point plan: Ths applicationrlan Reform must he carriedIntensify ths fight against foreign Monopolies and incroaae the antl-lnperlallet sentlnent of ourDenounce with greater insistence th* couater-revolutionary activities of feudal leperlalietQlve Increasing support to the progreseive measures undsrtakenresidentIaprove the living conditions of theCultivate and strengthen organic unity and united actios of the workingTighten th* alliance between the workers aad th*n this same statement, Fortuny added| "so CoamunlstB ore the beet defenders of democratic liberties here and everywhere."

3

3 September3

3

4

4

Labor (Communist) Party held Sationel Conforsace on organization at which itercent rise in membership, or total ofsmbers.

Comaunist organ Tribune Popular published dally in place of former weekly Octubre.

Qie Communist daily Trlbuna Popularartoon dspieting the United Stateslaw OTsr Guatemala and captioned "Leave or go home."

Tor the flret tine, the Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party elected its candidates mayors of eevsrsl towns in countrywide municipal elections.

According to the Communist dally Trlbuna Popular. Jose Manuel Tor tuny sent the following message to tbeeeenmist newspaper Dally Worker! "Accept tbe worm salute of our Party on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of your newapapsr. the valiant spokesman of tha legitimate lnterssts of tbs lorth American people, democracy, socialism, and peacs

Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party, Department of Bscuintla Committee, held Leninmeeting in government-owned school.

5

5

5

5 to6

February to6

6

?

Abel Cuenca Mart{nez, Salvadoran, appointed Secretary of Legation in Ecuador.

Carlos Manuel Pellecer accredited as Flrat Secretary to USSR, Norway and Sweden.

Rafael deosano aerved as Professor of Humanities In the Univeralty of 3ar. Carloe, the national univeralty.

Jose' Manuel Fortuny. now Secretary Oeneral of the Guatemalan Labor (Comrauniat) Party,eoretary of the National Congress andember of its Committees on Foreign Relations and on Government, Labor and Social Security.

Joee' Manuel fortunyember of the newly created Department ofropaganda and Tourlem In Preeident Arevalo'a Secretariat,

Pedro Oeoffroy Rlvae served eo an announcer for the government broadcasting station, TOW.

Carloe Manuel pellecerecretary of Legation In Paris where he and Minister Hunoz Meany aeeociated with various Communist groupa. Traveled to Satellite countrlee.

Pedro Oeoffroy Rlvae eerved aa member of Board of Dlreotore of governmentstation, TOW.

Alfredo Sllva Jonama aerved aa Chief of Propaganda of government broadcasting atatlon, TOW, of whloh he wae later made Director.

t

Abel Cuenoa. Martinet served aa Press Attache in San Jose, Costa Rica.

Rafael deotano appointed advleer to Mlniater of Economy and Labor.

88 May to9

Manuel Outlerrszon Board of Directors of Guatemalan Institute of Social Security.

Carlos Hanuel pellecer served as Chief of Travsling Cultural kissIons sponsored by Ministry of Education.

Ignaclo Huraberto Ortlt employed by Guateaalan Institute of Social Seourlty.

Manuel Pinto Usaga served on Board of Directors of Guatemalan Institute of Social Security.

Alfredo Guerra Borges served as an editor in PresidentDepartment of Press, Propaganda and Tour-lee.

Natzul Aflulrre. Cook served ln Protocol Seotlon of Hlnletry of Foreign Affairs.

Victor Manuel Outl e'rrea partlolpated actively ln Traveling Cultural" "Mlsalons.

Alfredo Sllva Jonama appointed Under Secretary ln Ministry of Education.

Rafael deozano served as instructor In

Rafael deozano served as Professor of BlologyTrTthe Unlvsrslty of San Carlos, the national university.

Alfredo Guerra Borgss served as Editor-in-Chief of the official newspaper, Diario de Centro America.

Alfredo Sllva Jonama served ln Presidentepartment of Press, Propaganda and Tourism.

Carlos Manuel Pellecer served as Secretary of Legation ln Francs.

Antonio Qvando Sanchez employed in Guateaalan Institute of Social Security.

9

9

9

9

9

0

Alvajsdo aerved ae eoployee In Prealdent Arevalo'a Department of Preee, Propaganda and Tourism.

Virginia Bravo Letheller served In various capacities in Ministry of Education, chiefly aa vocational aids expert.

Miguel Angel Va'aquct served In Ministry of Education ae chief editor of the publications seotlon,

Alfredo Ouerra fiorgea Secretary of Embassy In El Salvador.

Carloe Manuel Pellecer appointed Director the Traveling Cultural Missions.

Rafael deozano appointed teacher in Instituteand Coneular Training.

Rafael deozano served aa Coneultant for the production Development Inetl tute.

Carloa Rene' Valle employed by National Petroleum institute.

Virginia Bravo Letheller served ae adviser to Minister of Education.

Hurnberto Alvarado made head of Prealdent Arevalo'a Department of Press, propaganda and Tourism.

Virginia Bravo Letheller headed Department of Audio Visual Aid in Ministry of Eduoatlon.

Max Rlcardo Cuenca Martinet employed in Guatemalan Institute of Social Security.

Nattul Aaulrre Cook served on Board of Directors of uuatemalan Inatltute of Social Seourlty.

Bernardo Alvarado Monto'n aerved on Board of Directors of Guatemalan Institute of Social Security.

1 2

22

22

Manuel Gutierrez served on Board of Directors of Guatemalan Institute of Social Securlty,

Alfonso Solorzano appointed head of Guatemalan Institute of Social Security.

Abel Cuenca Martinez appointed office manager of Guatemalan institute of Social Security.

Nfttzul Agulrre Cook employed by Guatemalan Aviationovernment enterprise.

Edelberto Torres headed Editorial Office of Ministry of Education and taught in the University of San Carlos, the national university.

Carlos Rene' Valla employed by National Petroleum Institute.

Pinto CTtyT

Victor Manuel Gutierrez and Jose' Alberto Cardoza served, respectively, aa Chairmen of Congress' Special Committee on Agrarian Reform and Special Committee on Revision of the Labor Code.

Manuel Pinto Usaga appointed Consul in Mexico

RafAel Tlschler appointed by National Agrarian Department as its representative to the Directorate Oeneral of fundamental Education.

Raul Lelva appointed Acting Dlreotor of the goverruaenT radio station, TGW.

joss'Luis Ramos. Otto Raul Gonzalez, and Max Gonzalez served on National Agrarian Depart-ment delegation which0 acres of land to farm workers.

Victor Manuel Outlerved on faculty of the University of San Carlos, the national university.

3333 October3

October3

October3

November3

4

Manuel Gutle'rrei and Joee' Alberto Cardpta served, respectively, aa Chairmen of the Agrarian Reform and Labor Code Revision Commltteea of the National Congreaa.

Carl oh Alvarado Jerez was serving ao Director of the government radio station, TOW.

Carloe Alvarado Jeret appointed Director General of Radio Broadcasting.

;ember of the

Jose Luis Ramos servedational Agrarian Council.

Hugo Barrios ELe'e appointed Deputy Inspector General of Labor.

Otto Raul Gonzalez aerved ae repreeentatlve of Directorate General of Statistics on National Agrarian Council.

Raul Lelva was nerving in President Arbenz1 Information Office ae Chief of the Press Section.

The following membere of the Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party were employaea of the National. Agrarian Department: Waldemar Barrios Klee, Nattul Agulrre Cook, Maroo Antonio Blanco. Florenolo Mehdei, Juan Rafael VlUoraxzl. Rafael TlBChler, Eugenlo Arrlvlllaga Veils,an Maldonado, jorge Vlllavlvenclo Marroquln, and Eduardo Sosa Hontalvo.

Four ofeputies, in Congreaa, are Communlatet Victor Manuel Gutierrez, Jose Alberto Cardoza, Ceear Montenegro Paniagua, and Carlos Manuel Pellecer.

Waldemar Barrloe XI oe appointed Acting Chief of the National Agrarian Department.

CoiaranlEta in laboraj

f Guatemalan Workers founded

with help of Conaaniste particularlyalvador.

loaoctrlnation ichool. Iscuela Clwrldad.

established lu tha Coafederatlon of Quatemelau Workers with ibel Ouanca amrtinei ae director.

tor Kanuel Qutlarres ssrved ae Secretary

Oeneral of tha Confederation of Guatemalan Yorkers aad of tha Onion of Iducetional lfcrkere of Ouatemala, andeaber of tha Ooxml ttee of Syndical Unity and of the Iieeutive Coomittoe of Ottl.

JanuaryKanuel Outlerree elected deputy on the

Confederation of Guatemalan Workere-Party of Revolutionary Action ticket fros theof Ouatemala to the national Congress, ln which body he took an active Interest ln labor problec*.

6

8

Pinto Usage served as aaaber of tha National Ixecutive Committee and Secretary of Organisation and Propagandatn-Syndical Federation of Ouateoala.

Rational Committee of Syndical Unity formed under Communist ausplcee to coordinate tbe activities of the Confederation of Guatemalan Workere, the Syndical Federation of Guatemala, and the Central Eeglonal Federation of Workers. ftnphaslzed line followed by World Federation of Trade Unions and Latin American Coaf ederatlon of Workere.

Confederation of Guatemalan Workers joined praise of USSR with denunclatlone of UB laperlallsm.

Secretary Oeneral Tietor Kanuel Outlerres. stated that the Confederatlon of Ouatoaalan Workers would organise peasant communes.

0

Plato Usage of tbe Railway Workere Union founded lte Political Committee.

1,Day Parade demonstrated tne Communist-

controlled World Federation of Trade Unlone and Latin American Confederation of Workers direction of Guatemalan organized labor. President Arevalo and government closely identified themeelvee with these hay Day festivals,

9 Hallway Workera' Political Committee adopted

Communlfit-line policy statement.

into Usage organized ond became

Secretary General of the Rational Political Committee of Guatemalan Workers.

Victor Manuel Gutierrez elected Secretary of Propaganda for the Rational Political Coonittee of Guatemalan Workere. In his keynote eddreee at the national convention of workers* political committees, Gutierrez clearly stated hie belief in Communism.

0

Influenced chiefly by Manuel Pinto Usage, the Syndical Federation of Guatemala affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unioce and the Latin American Confederation of Workere.

1

Syndical Federation of Guatemala andof Guatemalan Workers urged their affiliates to collect assessment for annual contribution to the Latin Americanof Workers.

1

Secretary General of the National Political Committee of Workers. Manuel Pinto Usage, announced the organization's continued operation despite fact it was formed with sole purpoee of participating0 elections.

1

1

2

Mayo Jane2

2

by World federation of Trade Onions aod Latin aaerlcan Confederation of Workers with reprcBentatlves of Latio American Land and Air Transport syndicates held in Ooateaala City with participation of Coimnunlet labor leaders (including World Federation of Trade Onions Secretory Oeneral Luis Salct and Latin Aaerlcan Confederation of Workers Secretary Genoral Loabardopening meeting attended by prominent officials of Guatemalan GoTernsent. Ia addition to usual denunciations of DS and propaganda for pence, the confereacs urged unification of Guatemalan labor.

General Confsdsratlon of Guatemalan Workers embracing all labor organisations of any laportancs formed at labor congress in Guatemala City with help of World Federation of Trade Unlona Louie Salllant and Latin Aaerlcan Confederation of Workere Vicente Loxbardo Toledano. Victor Manual fotlerrei

elected Secretary General and Communists placed In key positions. All speeches at Congress followed the Cemaunlit line. Messages of congratulations sent by President Arbenz and ex-President AreVelo. Attending this meeting were Minister of Comnunlcatione snd Public Works as Arbenz* officialaad President of Rational Congress. Tfctor Manuel Gutierrez elected Secretary General.

labor and political organizations assured Administration of their support in face of entl-Communlst demonstration

Jose Luis Bamoe elected secretary for training of Rational Confederation of Sural Workers of Ouatsmale.

Dlarlo de Centro As erica, official newspaper, quoted Carlos Ksnusl Pellecor as saying tbat tbe Oeneral Conf ederati on of Guatemalan Workers had directed formation of ocmmlttees of self-defense to fight shoulder to shoulder with authorities of the countrythe enemies of the Revolution."

3

3

3

and Communist sympathizers made impressive gains ln the Eailway Workers' Union by winning elections for officere.

Coanunlet-controlled General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers and Communist-oriented National Confederation of Sural Workers gained virtual control of Agrarian Beform machinery when Rational Congrees votedoeitione on Departmental Agrarian CommlsBiona.

vfctor Kanuel Outlerret announced that the World Federation of Trade Unions had accepted affiliation of tbe Central Confederation of Guatemalan Workers.

3

key positions in tbe Oeneral Confederation of Guatemalan Workers held by members of tbe Guatemalan Labor (Oomnnualet) Party.

the Communist dally, reported tbat Victor Manuel Outlerres. Carloe Kanuel Pellecer and Victor A. Leal were elected to the Oeneral Council of the World Tederation of Trade Unions.

o4

organizatlone throughout Guatemalaeries of meetings to build up enthusiasm for the Second Rational Congress of the General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers.

4

Pebruary4

Rational Congreee of the Oeneralof Guatemalan Workers offered President Arbenz support Bln face of plans of Imperialist Intervention in connivance with traitors to Guatemala." Vfctor Manuel Gutierrez reelected Secretary Oeneral.

The General Confederation of .Guatemalan Workeri dietributed banners proteetlng "foreign Intervention" which were flown over many citlee and towns. At lte heedquarters in Guatemala City the red Communist flag flew beside the Guatemalan emblem.

ho Second Rational Congress of tho

General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers, Carloe Manuel Pellecer etated that fasclea, crushed in Xtirope. had risen again vith renewed rigor ln the United Statee.

econd Rational Congress of the General

Confederation of Quateoalea Workers proposed to the government that active diplomatic relations be renewed with the USSR.

Co.Tr.unirt Infiltration of. and Influence in. other Political Parties

5

9

6

Manuel Fortuny wan active and far leftist member of Popular Front of Liberation on whose ticket he uas elected to Congress.

Jose' Manuel Fortuny Joined the Party of Revolutionnryro-Government party, and occupied at variousuober of important posts: 6 toecretary General;ecretary of Acts;ember of Political Coaaltteo; he alno served as Secretary of Propaganda.

Victor Manual Cut.Lorrez elected deputy to Notional Congrone on Confederation of Guatemalanarty ofAction ticket, fron Department of Guatemala.

Pinto Usags elected on Party of Revolutionnryommittee ofUnity ticket to National Congress.

Manuel Pellecer, after return free Czechoslovakia, stepped into leadership role within Party of Revolutionary Action.

Manuel Pinto Ueaga elected Secretary of labor Union Affairs for National Executive Committee of Party of Revolutionary Action andember of strategic Political Coamlttoe.

of Revolutionary Action officials chosen9 included such Communists as Jose Manuel Fortuny. Manuel Pinto usags,

and Victorconstituted

sn influential element.

March9

Manuel Gutierrez, member of Party of Revolutionary Action 1'aticnal Executive Committee in charge of Social Affairs, resigned in protest atGeneral's decision not to let Par by of Revolutionary Action be represented at Mexico City "peace" meeting.

1

Jane11

3

2

2

Political Committee of Workers founded on Ccrsttunists to support Colonel Jacobo Arbenz and0 election campaign.

Agitation for formationnited Democratic Front (Party of Ravolotlonary Action, Oantenalau Coeamniat Party, Revolutionaryarty of Guatemala) Inereaaed. Party of Revolutionary Actionoandttee composed largely of Comanalsts aad ConKruniat sympathisers to represent lt In negotiations for the foraatloa of thia front,

Pro-Adainletratlon parties participated In Partiaaaa of Peace aeetlng.

Vita, assistance of Coasninlsts aadAlliance of Democratic Parties formed, coepoeed of Pexty of Revolutionary Action, Rational Renovation Party, Popular Trent ef Liberation, and Party of Rational Integrity.

tembers of the dissolved Cosaunlst-oontrolled Revolutionary Workers1 Perty of Oaataaala Joined tho Party of Revolutionary Action, this move Increased tha strong leftist Influence within the Party of Revolutionary Action.

Guatemalan Coananlst Party Included with other pro-Administration parties ln "Benocratlc Doctoral

Joes' Manual Fortuny. Secretary General of Guatfaaalan Coaaainlst Party, endorsed aa one of two "Daaascxatlc Sectoral Front" candidates for Deputy fron Department of Gnateaala.

2

3

3

3

3

"Deaocratie Electoral front" ofAnaUnlstration partleeactarlolegleal varfare filaolitical rally held in Quateaala City.

One Communist candidate of the pro-government coalition elected to Congress to give Guatemalan Labor (Comnualet) Party totaleats. Party of Revolutionary action, which collaborated, closely with Ooanunlsts, controlledeats after elsctlons.

Party of Revolutionary Actionulletin calling for Guatemala to withdraw from ODBCA in view of Salvadoran proposal to dlscans

Joint action against Cosaunlsa on grounds tbat such action constituted Intervention In

Guatemala's domestic affaire.

Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party sought to advance its popular front tactic by holding mass meetings In favor of creationtrengthened "Satlonal Democratic front."

francleco Fernandez Foncea, Secretary General of Party of Revolutionary Action said tba partyransitory party like other revolutionary parties all of which were destined to become part of tbe "great world Communist Party."

Travel of Guatemalan Communlats

ie

9

9

9

Manuel Gutierrez attended the Third General ordinary Congress of the Latin American Confederation of Workers held in Mexico City.

Carlos Manuel Pellecer returned from

Carlos Manuel Pellecer visited Eastern Europe.

Victor Manuel Gutierrez was the Confederation of Guatemalan Workers* delegate to the Second World Federation of Trade Unions Congress at Milan, at which he was elected to the Executive Committee of the World Federation. He was also the delegate of the Confederation of Guatemalan Workers and the Union ofWorkers of Guatemala to9 World Peace Congress held in Paris. He organized Guatemalancommittees of9 andoth branches of the Communist-front, World Committee of Partisans of Peace.

Jose* Manuel Fortuny was delegate to Paris World Peace Congress, after which he visited Iron Curtain countries for two months.

Victor Manuel Gutierrez, Secretary General of the Confederation of Guatemalan Workers, left Guatemala to attend the Milan meeting of the World Federation of Trade Unionsiplomatic passport. Manuel Pinto Usaga and Jose Sojaiar traveled to Israel and fraternized with Israeli labor unions.

Manuel Pinto Usaga attended the Second World Federation of Trade Unions Congress in Milan at invitation of Vicente Lombardo Tolodano.

Manuel Fortuny, President of Guatemalan

delegation at the American Continental Congress for Peace in Mexico City, wasember of over-all Directing Committee for Central Americ

9

11

Manuel GutieVrcs represented the Federation of Democratic Youth of Guatemala at tho American Continental Congreaa for Peace in Mexico City.

Enrique Juares Toledo, Guatemalan poet, attended Peace Conference in Poland.

Tho Syndicate of Guatemalan Educational Workere accepted an invitation toelegate to Berlin Touth Festival.

o2

111

persons left Guatemala to attend Communist-sponsored international conference andere to attend such meetings in

It waa announced that six members of adelegation were to attend Berlin Touth Festival.

Vfctor Manuel Gutierros travoled to Europe, ostensibly toorld Federation of Trade Unions meeting In Paris (or Berlin).

Roberto Alvarado Puentes and Luisragon attended World Peace Congress in Vienna.

o2

2

2

Manuel Gutierres attended the World Federation of Trade Unions Congress in Berlin after which be spent two months visiting the USSR and satellite countries, returning to Guatemala on January

Hemisphere Peace Conference at Montevideo attendeduatemalana including one residing In Buenoa Aires and one in Chile.

Two Cuatonalano and one alien resident in Guatwnala attended International Conference in Defense of Children held at Vienna.

2

22

22

November2

3

33

Sllvaember of the Political Committee of the Guatemalan Communist Party, visited Moscow and attended preliminary meeting of the Aaiatic and Pacific Peace Conference ln Pekln.

One Guatemalan attended the International Students Union Council held at Bucharest.

The following Guatemalans attended the Asiatic and Pacific Peace Conference: Juan Antonio Cruz Franco, Carmen Koran, Carlos Alvarado Jerez, Jose Alberto Cardoza, Francisco Galicia del Valla. Cardoza visited Moscow both going and coming.

AlfredoiSilva Jonama returned from China, the USSR, and the Peoples Democraeiee.

Augusto Cazall Avila, Secretary General of the Democratic University Front, returned frcm the August-September conference ofStudents Union in Bucharest.

Guatemalan National Committee for Peac* named It delegates to World Congress of Peoples for Peace in Vienna: Sra. Elena de Barrios Klee, Director of Governmentfe Normal School for Women, Paulino Ovalle, Director of Nuestro Diario, Captain Terencio Guillen, Governor of the Department of Escuintla, Joaquin Artlga de Leon, President of Peace Committee of the Department of Santa Rosa.

Thirteen Guatemalan delegates attended the World Federation of Trade Unions Social Security Conference, Vienna.

Victor Manuel Gutierrez attended the World Federation of Trade Unions Congress in Vienna.

Victor Manuel Gutilrrez and two other delegates left Guatemala to attend the Conference of the Latin American Confederation of Workers held In Santiago, Chile.

Oscar Edmundo Palms of the Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party visited Moscow after attending the April World Peace Congreaa ln Budapest.

3

Juno to33

3

Nov33

3 January4

delegation to World Peace Council in Budapest included Lioutenant Colonel Carlos Pas Tojada, Major Karoo Antonio Franco and Oscar kdoundo Palm*.

uatemalans visited Soviet orbit during this period of whichent to Moscow.

Oscar Kdsundo Palna, Secretary of Propaganda for tho National Peac* Canalttoe, attended the World Peace Council held in Bucharest.

Guatemalan delegation attended World Touth Festival in Bucharest after which noma mashers visited the USSR.

Gabrielarm union leader, visited the

Soviet Union.

Victor Kanuel Gutierrea, returned from Moscow at th* head of the Guatemalan delegation which had toured the Soviet Union aitortha Third World Federation of Trade Unions Congrosa held in October in Vienna, The delegation consisted of Leonardo Castillo Floras, Jose* Luia Cacero, of tho Railway Workers' Union, Josd* Luis Ramos, Vice Secretary for Agrarian Affairs of the Oeneral Confederation of Guatemalan Workers, and Josj Luis dal Cld, member of the General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers' Executive Committ**.

Humberto Hernandea Cobos, Civil Registrar for Guatemala, flow to Vienna to attend the World Congrosa of Democratic Lawyers.

Kanuel Fortuny, Secretary General of tho Guateaalan Labor (Communist) Party, retumod from Moscow for which he had departed on November

TpTvltTi Conrnunl its' Tleltg to Quatrmala.

Vicente Loabardo Toledano held lengthywith President Areralo aad Foreign Kinlater Enrique Hugos Kenny.

The Comaunlet Chilean poet, Pablo Beruria^erlaa of appearances before Guatemalannaedietely after hie returnrip to the USSR.

Vicente Loabardo Toledano, Secretary Oeneral of Latin American Confederation of Workers, and Louie gallipot. Secretary Oeneral of World Federation of Trade Unlone, attended Guatemala City Conference of Latin American Land and Air Transport Workere1 Unions,

The well-known Chilean Contrualat, Cesar Codor Urrutla, visited Ouateaala.

Bio* Roca. Juan Merlnello. and Salvador Affulrro. leaders of Cuban Coaaunlst Party, visited Guatemala.

2 to Dlonlslo Inclna. Secretary Generalarty, attsndod Second Congress

of Guatemalan Labor (Communist) Party.

E. Bomollov. Commercial Attache of

Soviet Embassy in Mexico, visited Guatemala and conferred with Joes Manuel Ibrtuny. Alfonso Soldreano. and Ernesto Capuano del

Vecchlo.

Attitudes toward and Rotations with International Ccscuiniaa

Yictor Manuel Qotlerrei represented

Guatemalan organised labor at fourth Ordinary CengreBB of Confederation of Mericsn sortera.

f the RoaBlaa Revolution

celebrated for the first time In Guatemala. fiUge eucceee with repreBantatlTea froa organized labor and pro-ldaliil strati on Party of Revolutionary action, Popular front of liberation, and Party of national Integrity in attendance. epeecheB by Jobo" Kanuel fortuny. Victor Kanuel Gutierrez and Lola Car do to Aragdn.

easting Peace,

bllehed in BucbaroBt, summarized flndinga of Guatemalan Communist Party Central Canalttee onof newepeper Octobre. IhiB action confirmed acceptance of Oaataaalen Conninlat Party by the international Coamuelst no Tenant sb thearty ln Ouatemol*.

October2

Ouatemalan Oommunlat Party sent message to Soviet nineteenth Party Congress: "Our Party salutes the Indestructible unity of the Communist Party of the Soviet Onion whichuarantee of the eucceosful constructionomnialBt society in youreacon throughout thle world far workers. Inspired by your example, we will Intensify our struggle for the national Independence and happiness of our people.1

2

01ta Sten, Propaganda Officer of the Polish Legation in Mexico City, arrived in Ouatemala and was visited by Deputy Ernesto Harroquin, Wyss and Elena Lelva de Bolts of the Rational Pence Committee.

Guatemalan Labor Party leaders receiving flow of literature from Moscow and headquarters of various Soviet-controlled International organisations.

April3

33

4

exchange of coanunicatlona between Vienna, WTTU headquarters, and Victor Kanuel Qutl/rrei. Secretary Oeneral of Oeneral Confederation of Guatemalan Workers.

Guatemala withdrew from CD1CA, thueourse long advocated by Communists. *fhe reason given vas the proposal of XI Salvador

for considering Communist infiltration.

Comlnform's newspaper,asting Poace,eople's Democracy*', published article by Jose Kanuel for tony,.

Pour Administration parties, together with principal labor and "mass* organltatlone.

oint declaration against dlaeuaalon of Coamunlsa at Caracas.

At the opening session of the Coamunlst-controllod Second national Congrosa of the General Confederation of Guatemalan Yorkers, Jose Luis HAnoSj Coanunist member, read the following telegram: USSR, tha Central Council of Soviet Trade Unions fraternally greets the Congress of ah*of Yorkers of Guatemala. V* wish the Congrees success ln Its work for the ultimate Improvement ef the conditions of life and labor of the workers

of Ouateaala and for the strengthening ef

friendship aad peace aaong ell peoples.

President of th* Central Council of Soviet

Trade Unions, X. ShvemUc.*

Dissemination of Coamniet-Llne rropa>Wn

7

8

of Democratic Touth of Guatemala, affiliate of Communist Vorld Federation of Democratic Touth, foundedroup Including several prominent Communists. It has beea active among university studentsropaganda organ.

Guatemalan Comal ttee for Peace end Democracy formed for the purpose of furtheringpeace, liberty and deaocracy.1 Several known Cosmnlste were among its founders.

90

11

1 March1

Peace Coomlttse reactivated at meeting presldsd over by Communists and Communist sympathizers. Ibis took place after ths return of Jose Manuel Tor tuny. Victor Manuel Outlsrrsz. and Alfonso SoTorznno from the first World Congress of Partisans of Peaco. Jaime Diaz Rozzotto elected Secretary General.

Guatemalan official and pro-government press ritvo considerable coverage tospired Mexican Peace Congress.

Sew Committee of Partisans of the Peace organized by Communists snd Communist sympathizers.

Peace Committee stepped up publicity campaign.

Official and semi-official press accelerated efforts to publicize Coamunistcampaign.

Annual Congress of Federation of Democratic Touth of Guatemala received gsnsrous publicity in officisl snd semi-official newspapers whicn attacked DS sad supportsd tbs Coamunist Una.

Official and semi-official press publicized meeting sponsored by Minister of Kucation In which DS was attacked and Coamunist "peaoe line enthusiastically ezpoundsd.

1

Alvarado Fuentestrong Concninlst-llne speecheetlng In honor of the Second Spanish Republic In which he espoused the "peace" campaign.

1

1

June1

2

2 April2

2

press aided accelerated "peace" campaign with dally coverage. Alfonso Solorzano head of tbe Guatemalan Institute of Social Security, spoke at peace rally.

Semi-official Diario de la Hsffana devoted nearly two pages to preparations for tba Third World Touth Festival In Berlin.

Semi-official press carried eight column headlines saying "great enthusiasm* had bean aroused for Berlin Festival among Guateaalan youth.

According to the official radio, Indochina la to be the next victim ln tbe conflict between the great powers. The broadcaster defended the right of every state to bo free and condemned the "capitaliet nations1 for holding on to their colonial possessions.

The Guatemalan official radio publicised preparations for the national Peace Assembly to be hold in Ouatemala City ln

The official government newspaper, Diario de Ccntro America,eadline entitledall for Peace to the People ofBasedesolution at tbe Montevideo peace conference, the call waa for individual signatures In favor of apact among the Big Five.

In the official government newspaper,entro America, the Rational Peace Aaacmbly published resolutions denouncing the oae of bacteriological warfare by American troopa In Korea and condemning launching of aggressive ware in Korea. They further condemned the In tar-Am er lean Defense Treaty, the Atlantic Treaty, and the Japanese Peace Conference.

Mucetrp pUrlo published the

textetter addressed to tbe American Ambassador in Guatemala byommunists and pro-Communists calling for termination of tbe "unjust and inhuman" war In Korea, where the "Invading armies" were massacring defenseless Korean prisoners and using esrm warfare against the population.

Junefour Communists and fifteen other deputies

of tbe national CongressDeclaration of Solidarity with ths Korean People."

Peace Committee sponsored showings

of tbe film "Bacteriological Warfare Inurporting to prove tbat tbe United States employed germ warfare during the Korean hostilities.

official government newspaper, Dlarlo

de Centro America, published what purported totatementt. John vjiinn,onfessing participation In germ bomb attacks against North Korea. Although an inconsplcuoue note at the end identified the articleublication of the National Peace Committee, lt was set up to appearactual news story,

to the Independent press, the

Augustssue of Octubre was published In the government printing shop after being set up by members of tbe llnotyplsts' union who at the same time were carrying on an illegal strike which had affected every press organ in tbe city.

onference oo Social Security, held

under thinly-veiled Ccflununlet auspices, received support of the official press, the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security, and tbe Ministry of Health.

Under the sponsorship of the Partisans of Peaceacteriological warfare film was shownublic schoolovernment operator with government equipment.

Candidacy ofose* Manuel Tor tuny aa one of two orowod Communist candidates for Congress roce'-ved the fall aupport of Adalnlatratloa partiea and tba official prase.

3

Official government newspaper Dle Centro Ao^rlco devotedage to an article by Victor Manuel Outl arras. Jorge Lule Arrlola. and others on the lnportance of the actional Touth Conference.

3

Conference ln Defense of the Sights of Touth held ln Guatemala City lc preparation for March Vienna conference of Vorld federation of Democratic Touth, supported by tbe official government newspaper Diario de Centro America.

Hnjurity of sessions heldovernment echool building under auspices of the General Confederation of Guatemalan Yorkers, the national Confederation of Sural Yorkers ef Oaataaala, and other Ccsasoalst organisations. Among those present and electedresidium ver si Julio Xetrsda. d* la Bos, President of Congrees; Jorge Luis Arrlola^ Minister of Public Health; Victor Manual Ontlerrea. Secretary Oeneral of the General Coafederatlon of Guatemalan Yorkers] and Rafael Tlschler. Secretary Oeneral ef tha Syndicate ofWorkers of Ouateaala.

3

Jaime Mar Kozsottoecture eponsoreo by the Guatemalan Spanish Republican "Pro-Peace" Committee ln which he aade frequent references to the Soviet "peace" movement and other Communist objectives.

3

Diario dal Pueblo, organ of the Guateaalan Revolutionary Party, edited by Director of the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security Communist Alfonso Soldrsano. began publication.

OctoberLabor (Cossnalst) Party sponsored

program over Ouatemala City's station. Radio, International.

3

3

3

4

official gazetteecree by which tbe government madee tbe Conmunlet-sponeorod Second Continental Congreaa of Democratic Lamyere.

The official radionnounced that:

tbe Touth Section of the Guatemalan Workere1

Party le scheduled to meet on December 21

at Party Headquarters to honor tbe memory of

the loader of the working claee, Joseph 8talln.

The Communist-controlled Rational Peace Committee announced that it had0 signatures In petition forbetween DS. DX, USSR, Prance, and Communist China.

The Guatemalan Oovernment lent Its support to the Communist-con trolled Second National Congress of the Oeneral Confederation of Guatemalan Workere In various ways: (l) Jaime Dfax Boa aot to. Secretary General of Presidency, eat on tho Presidium at tbe openingll sessions of the Congress, except tbe first, were held In governmenthe proceedings of the Congress were broadcast over theradio station ond published in the official and semi-officialhe Secretary of Propaganda of the Presidency on Januaryevoted tho government's radio pro-am. The Hational Hour, to an act of homage to the Congress, and forced independent radio stations to carry tbe same program.

1. Communist Penetration of, Czechoslovakia and Guatemala Comparisonontrast"

Communist seizure of Czechoslovakia In8 was preoededteady penetration of the most important spheres of national life. The following similarities with Guatemala may be noted: ommunists dominated tho trado unions, press and public Information activities, intellectual groups, and massommunists controlled the Ministry of Agriculture, which enabled them to use land distribution for political purposes and totrong influence on the ruralommunists concealed their real alasmokescreen of nationalism and revolutionary social Ho important leader, political party or any large segment of the population was willing to oppose the Communists vigorously and directly.

In contrast to Guatemala where Communist penetration has been gradual, the Czechoslovak Communistsominant position from the very beginning of Czechoslovakia's liberotlc The fact that four-firths of the country had been liberated by the Soviet Army and that Czechoslovakia was almost completely surrounded by territory under Sovietforced the London exile government of President Benea to agreeisproportionate role for the Communists ln the new Czeohoslovakian government. The first Czechoslovak goveri mont established in5 haderoent of its Cabinet poets occupied by Communlota or crypto-Comounlets. Thenational Assembly was also heavily laden with Communis" and obedient follow travelers. Inho Communists aeoured control of the police and local government and gained enough Influence over the army to render lt ineffective as an anti-Communist instrument even If President Benes had decided to oall upon it to resist Communist pressure In

II, Communist Penetration, of Guatemala

For the peat ten years Guatemala has been subjected to Communist penetration. 1 this penetration has proceeded at an accelerated rate. By militant action ln support of the social and nationalise objectives of the Guatemalan Revolutionhe Communists and their sympathizers have attained extensive md increasing influence within the government. The oucceos of the Guatemalanhas been achieved through the personal influence of Individual Communists and pro-Comounists within thepolitical parties, through Infiltration of the

bureaucracy,

bureaucracy, through penetration and oontrol of laborand through leadership of the Pgrarian reform It has been reinforced by oropaganda end front activities.

Government officials and other political leaders have bee extremely tolerant of the Communists and willing to work with them. Under President Arbens toleration has changed to open and" offiolal collaboration with the Guatemalan Communist Party which, sinceaa enjoyed legal status under the name of the Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT).

The growth of Communist influence in Guatemala dates from the leftist-nationalist Revolutionut lt has accelerated since the Arbens Administration came to power 0 the small group of Guatemalan Communists,arty, operated largely clandestinely. Their sporadic attempts toarty met with little or no suooess9 when they held their First Party Congress, adopted the name of the Communist Party of Guatemala, and elected Joee Kanuel Fortuny Secretary General. 0 the Party began to emerge from underground and1 lt was operating openly, despite prohibitions in the Guatemalan Constitution against political organisations of "an international or foreign character" or which aot in subordinationoreig government or political organisations.

The years41 whioh saw the transforoo tion of the Guatemalan Communists from small clandestine grcull-fledged overt Coramunifft Party also witnessed th( spread of Communist influence in key social and political sectors. Government departments, the important non-Communii Administration political parties, press and radio, and professional andorganisations were subjected to Communist infiltration in varying degrees. Of the "mass" organisations Guatemalan labor unions became the first target for Communist activities. Communist success in this area strengthened overall Communist Influence since lt plac under their control the group whose political support becai essential to the Administration as it moved further toward leftist and nationalistic extremes.

Communist efforts to infiltrate Guatemalan laborlimax1 with the formation of the General Confede tlon of Workers of Guatemala (CGTG). This confederation combinedingle organization under Communist domine the principal unions of the country, excluding certain rur

union:

and "peace" Communist front organizations which, along with the CGTG, began to serve as effective outlets for Communist propaganda and instruments of Communist political action.

The emergence of the Guatemalan Communist Partyull-fledged political organizationts spectacular success In the field of labor occurred subsequent to the coning to power of the Arbenz Administration. Indeedsuccess in unifying Guatemalan labor was won with th encouragement end aid of the Arbonz regime. The same may be said for other Communist advances in the period1 and the present.

The Communists exploited the Agrarian Reform Law paaced in June2 to extend their penetration of Guatemalan society and to increase their political capabilities. They steered the law through Congress and have been most active in Implementing lt. Through their activities In this field the Communists hope to win mass support from among thepeasantry.

The next step In the Communist pattern of penotration in Guatemala was to obtain for the Communist Porty formal entry Into the Administration party coalitionegal political organization. Hntry Into the govornment coalition took piece In Shortly thereafter the Communist Party changed its name to the Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT) end registeredegal party.

Today,

Today, as active supporters of and collaborators with the Arbenz Government, Communistsro-Communist3 continue to increase their strength end prestige. They can be found in all departments of government. Four of the fifty-six deputies ln the national legislature are Communists and many other legislators are fellow travelers, and crypto-Communists. Moreover, the tiro top Communists, Jose Kanuel Fortuny, Secre tary General of the PGT, pnd Victor Kanuel Gutierrez,General of the CGTG, have ready access to topofficials. Pro-Communists also hold Importantpasts abroad. The Department of Press and Propaganda of the President's office ls heavily Infiltrated byand fellow travelers and so are the official press and radio.

Despite the formation and legalization of the Guatemalan Communist Party, Communists continue to oooupy Important positions within the non-Comnunlet Administration parties. Four Coiamunlats or pro-Communists are currently serving on the Central Committee of the PRO. Confirmed fellow travelers are at present chief offloers of the PAK and Ri: and many other pro-Communists may be found occupying influential postc within these organizations.

3 both the CGTG and the CIICG affiliated with the reslonnl Communist labor front CTAL and the world laborTU. All key positions ln the CGTG are held by members of the PGT. The CIICO ls strongly Influenced by the PGT, Leonardo Cpatlllo Flores, leader of theoently returned from Mosoow. Finally, the Communists have expanded their control over labor by leading the government-supported agrarian reforr. program* The COM and tha CVZjvi: fcral control of agrarian reform machinery3 when '. wngress voted themof the scats i "heiental Agrarian Commissions and une-thlrda seats In tno national agrarian Council.

All the Communist front organizations, both prefna-slonal andre at present extiemely active in supporting the Arbenz Government in its campaign ag.'tist alleged intervention from neighboringi-.iudlng the US. They are providing effectlvp machinery for the dissemination of Communist and official Guatemalan nropagand; In this endeavor they are aided and abetted by theadio and press and by all the Administration parties.

The

The last few years hasecided upswing in the number of Guatemalans who have travelled to the Soviet Orbit under Communist auspices. It is estimated that In the seconc half3 nearlyuatemalans travelled to the Orbit and of theseozen visited Moscow. Both Fortuny and Gutierrez recently returned from rather extended visits in the Soviet Union, Upon their return, they accused the US.of collaborating with certain Latin American countries in an alleged conspiracy against Guatemalan sovereignty.

III. Communist Penetration of

From the very beginning of the postwar period in Czechoslovakia the Communists managed to keep alive the spirit of terror and uncertainty which the Germans had maintained during the six years of their oocupation. The Czechs were morally exhausted by this time and were in no mood to expose themselves to danger by opposing the new totalltarlanc. ajority of the population sought to make peace with the Communists, either by outright Joining of the Party or, at the very leaGt, by remaining silent and impassive so as not to incur Communist disfavor, formal law and order were never properly reestablished. The police operated independently of parliamentary and cabinet control. The trade union federation, operated by the Germansnified successor to the various pre-var unions under Communist, Social Democratic and I'atlonal Socialist; control, was taken over completely by the Communist Party. It was used to voice the most extreme demagogic appeals, partly to capture for the Communist Party the allegiance oi the nitrous and influential industrial laboring clasps, andy to bring pressure on the government andt IiV-sslble for the pre-war administrative and mar als to maintain any control over businessustry. The Communists in the various factories werecd into an armed militia which served to intimidate anti-Cobimuttists. In the factories themselves and also to create the impress^ in the population generally that the Communists were ready to use force to have their my. The ability of the Iriaraun; dominated unions to paralyze an Industry and indeed ihe entire country by strikes also servedotent means of intimidating the national government and discouraging effective opposition by antl-Communlsts.

Fror

From the beginning the Communists got control of the Ministry of Informationllghtenment. The state radio was entirely Communist-controlled and Communist control of newspaper licensing, newsprint allocation, and Communist determination of the professional qualifications of Journalls made it very difficult for non-Communist parties to get their message across to the people. In addition, criticism of the USSR was totally prohibited. In practice this meant that criticism of the Communists was dangerous, since lt could be construed by the Communist police anddministration as'-crltlclsm of the USSR.

The principal psychological advantage enjoyed by the Communists was their successful pose as the most nationalist of Czech parties. They took the Initiative In turning the selective expulsion of the Sudeten Germansrutal, mass expulsion and stressed that the Soviet Union was the best defender of Czechoslovak national Interests against the perennial German menace. Sincest had failed to save Czechoslovakia at KunlOh and the Soviet Union eventually liberated four-fifths of Czechoslovakia, this argument waa accepted more or less by all Czech parties. It was only one step from this to the Communist claim that they, having the closest tie to tho Soviet Union of any political party, could best safeguard Czechoslovakianational interests.

The Communists also masked their true programngram of revolutionary social reform, laying par'lsulnr stress upon the industrial workers and the poorer fjanants, but avoiding an open espousal of class warfare. Triewas wrested away from tho nori-Communlst parties and the 'latter were aluayc kept off balance by trying tojaaetIncreasing demands by the ComcunlBts eumsv controlled mass organizationsdSjit.llzatlon and othered the already difficult prooeatf of economic resun-struction.

Communist control of the iiinletry of Agriculture and of locrl government made It possible to control theof land, fertilizer, farm mp^hl iery, seed, crellc, rations, apartments and other material assistanceltite Those who opposed the Comotunlsts found themselves syst^oatl cally discriminated against by the Communist authorities. At almostlnt in an ordinary citizen's dally life he was in contact with soife Communist-controlled organlzatl bellce, trade-union, or government bureauwhich uti lte powers to advance Party rather than public Interests.

By the tine of the final crisis in8 the democratic parties and the population at large had made so many concessiono to the Communists that lt was too late to make an effective stand. President 8er.es had cooperated vith the Coramunlote from the very beginningatter of elementary national necessity. He had assumed, hoi/ever, tha the Soviet Union was interested only in Czechoslovakia's maintaining an unquestioning loyalty to the USSR lnaffairs and that the Soviet Union was not determined toomi-unist government on the country. He had also assumed that the Czechoslovak Comiruniote would oontlnue to play the parliamentary game by the traditional rules, despite their obvious contempt for democratic procedure and their gradual formation oftatetrtc. The immediate occasion for the February crisisemand by tho non-Comrc'jnlst parties that the Communist .iinleter of the Interior cease replacing non-Comojr.ist police officials with Coirzjni&tb, The Communists net Ehlrt DmlltngShow of foraa, including the making of Comnufjiijts militialwn activate in Pray-*, "ihe preaenje of the Soviet Army on all Czechoslovak fnmtle-rcu, and theeizure of neighboringoy tow Octumunijts (Poland end Hungary) created an ato.sphere ol hopelessness. From thi beginning5 the ?zaohahat they had beau aysAgnea to the Soviet sphere of Lufluetic* and that no help would oe forthroolng frca theeO if reels ten vara oi'fereft.esultula tad to thedeaanddewt ur.der their control and the population offered nooe..

The CooMunla. victoryQ was only th'eries of surrenders which the democratichad red to theJeto beginning The Pruai lunt and the noti-Co^aunlspctitlcal parties never bncacoive rally ing poJ.ntb for ufvsctlve opposition tn tha CoaauttUete* They perbls-ed In the illusion thntatsontinue to share power with them. The population was unwilling to take rlekn and was all too ready to oonprcaiiae to avoid trou The impetus for the final drive for powerrobably eupil by the Soviet Union, since this wns thehen Yugoslavia was about tu braak xAth the Kremlin and the tiara-ball Plen 'Je Just coming into existence. The strategic position of Czechoslovakia, together with its Important uranium deposit: made lt absolutely essential to Soviet interests that "the country be firmly in the Soviet srabp.

GLOSSARY Cf CMASlZATICHS

Allanxa do la Jurentud Democratica da Guatonala

in

1 lance of ronocratlo loath of

Aim

Allansa Famlnlna Guatamalteoa (AUianoe of Guatemalan Uomen)

Aaoclacdoo de Betudlantee Oniwsitarioa (Aaaoolation of unlToreity ftwdente)

Comlte Seclonal de la Pas

(National Peace Ccandttee,rtoTsment)

de Estodlantee de Pcet-frisarla

(Confederation of Secondary

Confederadon de Trabajadoree de America Latino

(Confederation of latin American

Confederadon General de Trebejadoree ds Guatemala

(General Confederation of Guatemalan

DAB

Confederacioo nacional Csmpealne de Guatemala (Rationalrkare of Guatemala)

Dspartamento Agrario clonal (KaUonal Agrarian Department)

Federseion Slndioal de Goat

(Trade Onion Federation of

Frente Democrat* oo Nacional

(National Democratic

Frente Popular Llbertador

PUD

(Populsr Front of

Frente uniTereitarlo Demo ore tico (Denocratio Dhiveraity Front)

Institute Guateoalteoo de Segurldad Soolsl

(Guatemalan Institute of Social

International Students

Partldo Acolon Revoludonaria

(Party of Revolutionary

Partldo Coram lata do Guatasmla

(nlit Party of C^ team

Partldo da la Rovolucion Caateaaaltaoa

(Party of tho Cue teas lan

Partldo Renovaoion Naclonal

(Party of Rational

Partldo Revoluolonarlo Obrero de Guatemala

(Workere Revolutionary Party of

Saker-Ti (Grupo 'aker-Ti de Artiexeritores Jovenee) (Sakar-Tl Group ofiets and Writers (the Lawn)

Slndleato deeloramieoto Ferrocarrllero

(Railway Workers

Slndleato de Trabajadores Eduoaoionalae de Ouatemala

(Onion of Educational Workers of

TOW (National Radio Station)

World Federation of Democratic

Woili Federation of Democratic

World Federation of Trade

CT AMD INDIREC1 THE GOVERNMENT

COMMUNIST PR OF GUATEMALA

newspapers

PRFiOURISM

CULTURAL MUttOHS

CABINET

-4

AOCAJTIMC JTA.

FOREIGN

SCRVfCe

let

t LA DOR

EDUCATION

AGRICULTURE

LOCAL COAAMITTEES

NATIONAL AGRARIAN DEPT.

I Z

INSPECTORS

POLICY COUNCIL

economy

deputy

agrarian reform

CONGRESS

supreme COURT

REVISION Of LABOR CODE

ELECTORAL BOARD

LASS.

OF

petroleum institute

MARTINEZ

letelii Igodoy

it IRklfT?

< sixro fernande:

DELANO

r

5AENZ MORA FALLAS

scow-

n

morena

neruda

-ANT

garcia

1 salvador aguii

,,

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM

gutierrez alberto cabd02a

edmundo palm a

ii guatemalans

gutierrez castillo flores luis caceros luis ramos luis del cid gabriel camey

EASTERN EUROPE, SATELLITES

ARF_

uatemalans alvarado fuenteskragcn

Iguatema. 'silvaiwon, ca2au avila

doraranc alvarado SERE"'

i< BARRW5 -KLlEl paulina ovalle teremcio guillen-artiga At uohuatemalans gutierrez. edmundo palma paz tejada antonio franco estevez rodriguezuatemalans monterrosa gutierrez castillo flores luis cacero luis ramos luis del cio

hernandez cobos

7 fie Noviembre7

A INTER NACIONA'L

v'ciimnarriba,ru'etaria: nuevo Rtuinlo nart'ya. .

A ?r. lucha pridetarlor, ai cembsie final:umarn.[nicr-ano'.al.

A! lAcK-nloos junior. Ithrea ya pot cl deber dec id irenj)lird.

In*ur.diide (iohemesia uurra ;uc mw. robs cl "oltfxisn.

odes las codeiiae. Jtjj'i* tftcisvUud iradicional.

I- qulenes nunca tueron nada, du-ftoadeJ mundo hoyneran.-

Ya no cu^rfmoa salvadortairvaa soloal capital; cn adclanle, log obreressu voluntad.

auehabstea rava humans, Soviet InU-rnarional.

clpran truTio raague laa tiroeblas ciTiinain-:tra aurora Burgs, un nuevn ntunclo aiumWra. *

ara hunwiba

Savici Irtt'wn&citiast.

rion

mi

rlo 'Ti ill Priaw* Bwi^

.a

two line

s at top, legible in the original, read {int is obligatory for all of the organizations of workers, peasants" and democratic groups to memorize this hymn.

1

: -w- "

nglaroj*

raa.HioIf.ft.

vilffki^M, Ians Iv.rune ev.mlzo* 4-

:.t'ta" >w

r** ORlotptOpttUt-ip; } i RICH-

*

ftMo-toBK'tB. x',

tc-VKt ntiS'srvsu^mra ncnoitea

U rtstn'^tn. omaiTltfa* eefredeetof

o pro set* I'jftfma. TV?">

rcho e* tw cvuiv fenamw far v cc mftEler

our > ft. .

i'->fmrt* tie ;j

c:oj wjrwam: evf; ol>'e

-n'1" jv^^

nx .ret* virw

'.vrfciisrw:.

t arrsno - c tea ^1 ccaalma^ioflaclAn quemays fee

fjW^m

t.iM 'jM'rtU'iilmlM fitnn>croa.o-irf !wjt-m.. itIftCAamten um pcrjvaftt parte eelvpue ao*e nv-

ep. h

u let cmtdkliYmiUrwewWlcanK-ceoladen cemocriur* deen,ctoKii*

(suf tevatiK

iDciiLv*Iniqu*

y ;artleo dcreterton.

SinliWn'jl(iai afits'

siievon nim* prof?anun

rift

atiXo aaa awpor.aiiV. in i

U Oe Julie or:wn ytieftr-vivj I'll "Him er*.tico. SJmsi bctii.vry i

iPw eaorrt-aitiauiw

jo la

imuikiA !bdnoiuU'.-Mnut A

"an* am i*e-tc

W1 tetret ttaiyriV" li.

Wei aompifts

ea tn

iv:pot CWIMM sa'*-

'avje-s"

rafcajo, ya put Uie'i mayo:rt ne pfuebe. tiee ilerfrsns it -Jtidel atari;* ialrtarciti^i'ivt si s raotfWa yB'jnct

t> ar porictyne*.

lie'. fvm. an*

Ai'dOttta ileoi' 'L-pelldlimo lAtcjinbr. un e!

f.'jjihjin* cat*

6tt putBi*,, VW. Wl! ;fr'ir*r5

ij.tmaei-< iun tnft-eaawheMa

aev^ua'.vewid-latt* ffiKlu.tse 1la

l piUaje,lu.'fiifift* nine ice dlrlAIBMrMoaoa'ril!iUai.aciniJo ao;.i'*ipi'i in.tfianuU Cuanlia Civili-naeliiinoquerilfniacnn eri>o eraueoeCiittrati va* dKlaOa* tn el OqiicAciiMaKttl. Hipeeintbtirnoo loa prepotHaavor.rad> aquflia axiuckOn.rrrn'rwo.mrnaia cce aueaoa >iu* la .

S.J-.TlGcracl* Giiaicmata Ml*aiiu pelijp-lxsypueblujriKral debeniwf- enn agenm4ur icailnuaa la ajtUavton. La pooen UntMcn aj .io Junilllai lo qu* prupagan. La ponen rn pe.astmkmo, loa ocinArraiu que crcen laxmuaman; que tl proKeir.atoacaman yImprrlallirw dejarancv&'iicifjii ilga au march a a poi>rn eec iif o ini-oiiaoleruernenie rtlvWeii al aio>l rem ', prrvtnrloart nintraa'sa er,tit Ibi la dlvtaien de loa obrrnn La OiiTrtlAn de loaoa campeiincn

de laa luenaa democriticu e* y niflear.a

f-reucraria. apoyar alOr > fisirA pr*cre*;a'a Oft PreWeenle AiW

Aie !oetaconafloie Cu*Ieiaaia *o:trta .'tamaimifrliVajaaauaidad darftrivciCdr provoca-aonea,iinwa qu- noa da>

y aiArlaameMr, m AeUirt j

Bt-CA KArAwAil.iart*^mtattmcirtn lewtaietrfitawp<"nn ta<V

(niHrdujtoh.frctf " n^itrn*.co

f:fa*

ei-^cre d> IK2.

nv: a'tdraltco Cranio

nirrnlrioan inn.

Vlcfor MtntntslScRcrTflrfM Toledo.P

arquiucte-'fitfnw. I'pftWriil- ilrltO fa'.'fcj i Co /mat* ftawajinik"t

Ih OiTG

l'vcrera loatltuiol par*AlBCrM f'u.tietn."aIcaLtc Ji*

rctl.iSxMi/afion national SelWr^ivdturit'ro') Hmriot Onlmtlo, C'ar'-La. rrctldontf an U

ConitileraclcTi n> kVurlLinln UeRo/orJlfer. riinucittir i. piftnlMa.

. direct iva d> id Cm* IUiJh iarcofiTic>vl,irio u Ji o.irectorar Cemcrcin,hN-'inrfit Nicinrislw.-Mayor lnf Frnaci.

laliuiir-malallflwuVi illar-

.m-dciAbajo

/ AHWfori"r.-dWrr'ia. prilloxw. ditigr".i# dc lesint-mi

iLfi^rmarto MaUnato Ciu Fra'anv. abo

ide" i'

- -I'.' .1

rvaf'Mrado.-dii'fcBii- juvrrUIi.'uUJr'no

tafaiia*'IVrKr Jft> -ii/cdel _Omardcf-rliva.- Urf(<Tc|arv* cvtbcrj) dr*aVrftnr

if-es.uualvmtW.t'k*. f" 'iwv<*-

tw "cw,'niitt'i. Hiflii. dirijrmc cudrn

A -ISAMBLEA NAfJONAI, POR LA PAZ

cuerdo con el HanjAwvno pars coir Mar una ASACIONaL LiVr untrupo de persons* reprevT.liiiiv-n* dc inmcional. clprr-partio'lo.para cl efecip,nltv,az'* par* gue rcun.dOft cnjnrxpjcemcs lul anhflc (le pa? Bel poe&loa tenia la.

SACIONAI.AZ se icgirs por las Hlgulemes

arfl durance6 de mayo. On csU

lemaiio eftmprrniieri if* nuntos:

I- Elde una nueva cuerra mundlal; -

2i airniala. nine Li am-rwrt de una nucvaos efec'os

dc su preparation.uestro alcana; paia defender lan Asaniblea fti>ri-scntar. conineo dolegadiw: Io* rotnilU! Ce apoyooii;icn en ian lot departs dli it as depuhlira, aswi-'icione* CMudiunhles, serbpaclones cuKurain.lone* de.widades prcfcsionales, asoclaciones de pro* dueioic*lempaclonesuvcnws,

tijh-irn'!- '.:* v.ti. yf 'it inf":

icreccn por el -rosguaido dc la vidaa defensa de la pat FodrAn pariiottfir tainiiifn lorta* las person as que dr-teen haeerlo llctiindo unaucjjo. los firmanlWamamimlo que concur rat*.

La Pii'-eciiva dc ia Asamblrn se irctC/grara con persona* Urm^n'-es del Llamnrcicnco prescnies enas quo alll ae acueide.

Pari* cada punto de) ternarlo sc eoailltulia unaenlorme, debsendo ser at.-rrtba^as las resolucfcnes pot ta Asamblcn fll pit: no.

6 Una rOrnision cfpeeia! de(Irmantes del Ujuruimientol re^lanomo de la Asambka dc acuerdo on las bases antcriuves.

Gufltemalieras: ;Acuilid cors ASAMtlLEA NACIONAL POR

de

COMITE PREPARATOAIO.

ta pfct

bsc

ananles de-la Pax

ItieJ 9am-ad^ cue 'VI irmer dc una nutv*a* rrpunei delvahax aj-tteartaoaaU por Laale* paAahras Be Su Pannrtwlr at aandeda pa*anau -nujeraa dc Guatemala, can Jin*iaaV-oaa aaaaaceflaa ha rvrogirco cl luce dchatM (bh afaR por nm Ma*laaaiHinamenf a.

aU Uaanaraaa al Aaaan em aeamoemcnaateraa de la patT. co*aaala UaWai Mundlal d* Mujerea Cato'dcai. iwt ptt* taahar pee* oa* loa haaiwwta tf**rra no proai|an ateWaivJooovl 'i aaiafa dr k* -aaaaaMart paw da imriiinproftaao deamanldad Cocao wa* ObcHj HaaJfai ad aafiatne dc au murkLUl,fmcnim taaMtaaraawu<iaj1oa da la cDnVlvrndn part Ilea rnir* loifmma La aaaaa qta* aaeo clde Santo Doming" mi aanajiiio Id de Waaayiraa. pan oue eleven ruaone* px

FananlM Owl aaaAl at-rflveco pUdaaa, taCPea tu adhaalfrn al rnovlnu>ntoa la AfUkCIOJE*VhZ loa rtta*ad>luDiad pacirMa 4a4 aatabio - -

raa* parpeal

OaatemaJa* UaU

AUANltA rtWKPflNA CU* TOtaUTFC*

Original document.

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