frta Vastt Germany
B^autated
Vitb raferrace to tha report on aiaraUao froa Wast to Buta foxwdlng; additional iaf aemtlon on tba subject which haa caw to our attention.
2. tooordlnf to OBUSBCr aot LABCOR, 1
federal Cff ice of statistics in tha Federal aepubllc of haa recently published lnruraution eoncaroing all iwiniianto to and froa tha countryk. Tha flfinraa cMi inf toe aoto In HTCSHCf aod USCUE ahoa that af tha persons eutoria ton Fcdaral .tepuhiia proper daringeaa fran the aerann hraoerntle Rapnalto end nearly) froa aaet Berlin- Of toeaa toavtos
ruaraen*aot to toe nearly Li aaraaato Jfcet narlin.
3< Thaae data escacr to tollj with oar eettoatos laS2 ragaraiua atoratioo Between toatand toa Soviet
Q^Scv Memorandum .
STATES GOVERNMENT
Chief, Chief,
Chief, Economic Research
6
to INDUSTRY ANDha Federal Office of Statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany has recently published information concerning all movements to and from the countrytu The figures given inf the note in isdustrt AND LABOTR show that of ths persons entering the Federal Republic proper during that year, nearlyame from the German Democratic Republic and nearlyrom East Berlin. Of those leaving the Federal Republic proper, nearly) went to the German Democratic Republic and nearly) to East Berlin. These data appear to tally with the estimates in the above report regarding migration between West Germany and West Berlin, on the one hand, and East Germany and East Berlin, on the other hand.
mm-
Office Memorandum .
STATES GOVERNMENT
TO
Att'o Oiief,.
Thru i ChiafJ-KIOM
DATE;6
SUBJECT; $
X tm attaching the final report on the above projectCase. m ths author and
analyst responsible roreonaultation.
Tha project was initiated inU ia compliancememorandum to aD/RR, Att'n Chlaf, St/PC, froa Chief,
Reference! , datedtu Owing to the introduction of tha new rules concerning reports prepared on requests of auchormal Project Action meworandua was requested oad issued on Bourn used In producing the attached final report after the issuance of the PAM veran account of the total number of hours spent oa the whole project, which was much larger, cannot be given since, prior to the aseign-aent of the above project nuaber, these hoars were not accounted for separately.
I certify that thetoe proper
classification for thie report aa deteraiaed froa the sources used.
3efor*ncaaad* to the reecrte efT,7 -fanoarr,anuary, end 11
I. plturf> and
It la estimated that from tb? eedonUc1 toemaleevibrated froa Vest Germany sndllnatand ^aat
Berlin.
Be lnfowUen la ewailaule which oeald ke oaed tereakdown efigratioo apart froa eex. sch Jata,
Based en Tahle 1, aa explained ine thia Wblo, it waa eesune* thateraent of the persona migrating fran beat Berlia with antrnifn destination aent to East ^Teanj, loelxflas Feat derlin. This aaauaptico may be teay aboutercent. If this iaii:fer*itlon,alesemale*would haveromart to net araaa? and bat Berlin. Theee ft parasse ia thele, eow-errer, are eoaeahat too low beeubstantial number ef post-warlipped back to Fast Caiman? clandestinely and, Urns, are not included. Taking ill thaaa faetsr* into canalderation, taa above estimates appear to be rvasenabla. Tha coe rotationseeojoeat tablea include only therants with known destination.
however, are available for the2 Inars,JiOO persona nigrntcdst Sersany and West 3srlln totormsny snd Ssst Berlin, ths number o?xcseded that of) ali.lb.tly. (Tsbleeerly U: percent of tbe siorwiomlcslly inactive. Although only sbcat s2 psr* cent of the feaals aa" grantsnberu cfsr force, ronrfilyercent of the ualorots beion?nd to tt. ableownver, indicates that tbeei* the total resale cutad grantsSars old or ever who ware economicallyercent) was, snp-irsnUy, censiQaranly hi her then ths percentage of all semen lb years aid and over aho ware tn the Vest Oeraan labor feres. Tha pas-dotage for the latter group was not higherercent. Similarly, aboutcent of the total raale onlaigraBte Xk years old and overecctvadeally actisa, although the percentage of all sen In thiagroup which was In tha West >raanores ass only roughlyereart.
Tba largest -roup among the Migrating aombsie of the labor forcenaarl7ercentwore industrial workers. Aboutercent of these Industrial workers were metal workers,eroent construction workers, andsreent textile werksrs.
The next 'reap, accenting to else, Included personsn ocjemarce and ti(lfl percent of ths wdgretln* saabeti of the labor fores) and dcmestle, hygiene, and socialnly aroundercent wen' farmers and agricultural workers. Si la tl rely
few and Dvbilo eanlayeoeereent) anda or artist* (notercent) migrated to ths Seat. Ths ahnrs of sembers of technical occupations, suchengineers andwss leaservent.
a relatively high percentage cf ths Ii7,aC0 persons sign ting fremRarasny and *st Berlin tolaraeuj and aast Berlin25 percent, wars younger than litTable 5) About th* ease applied to the Migrants froa east Qeraeny and Zaet Berlint Oernany and west Berlin, th* asdlna-aga was also about th*nd th* occupational diatributioa was net vary oleelnllar, either. Th* paroeotagsenllss asoag th* nig-rwnts to the Seat,as about th* aaa* aeroentage of juverdles in th* -est Carman population.
data are available to break down th* Itf.CCO aigrenta froaGeramny end *ert Bar lln to feast Cerssny and Mat Berlin23 int* ezpellaaa, returnlug refugeee, aad others. Thie caa be dene, ho sever, withtortion of than, namely,0 men0 women0 person*who during the hmd period migrated to Soviet Berlin and Soviet Oarmsny from the Federal aepublle prefer (not including wast Berlin). (labia 3)
Appruaamatsljercent of0 aigrenta ware members af th* later fores. nd 8) rtrtr percent of these econon-ically active migrant* were industrial5 percent of whon
vers metal workers,ercent construction workers, andercent textile workers- Hearlyercent of all olgrantfl belongiBg to tba labor force vere domeetic, hygiene, and aocial workers, V* percent vera farmers aod agricultural5 percent wore engaged la coroerce andercent were office vorJosrs or public servants,ercent scientista or artists. Technicians, aacfllnlata, and related occupations accounted for onlyercent. These percentagee do not differ such froa the occupational distribution of all econoaically active algrants froa Meat Germany and west Berlin to Zaat Germany aod East Berlin, which wan dlacosaed above.
Aboutercent of0 persona who migrated froa tha Federal Republic of Germany proper to Saet Germany and Rant Bar! in varaearlyercent were returningnd
* According to (svraiai def initioti, expellees (Tertoiabena) are Ceraan catlonalo or ethnic Ocrnans who,irect or indirect consequence of World War U, were expelled froa formerly German territories, east of tha Oaar-asiaae line ox froa territories eutalae the borders of the former Belch aa they existed on7
ccording to German definition, erewho9 had their residence in East Berlin,ol- the Sear and sobaequently moved to West GermanyBerlin. Ro separata statistics exist which would bepeat-war refugees or returning refugees. It may, however,that aboutercent of0 refugees who,to Tableeturned.2
reaalnln? approrinatelyrcent vere elaoex entirely indi-
Wast (labiahis aa? ba lefarded aarpw-seRtative sar.plef tbo ^ration from both Vest Wastonany aad *aat 3erlln.
Ofefugeesroa tha Federal Janoblle proper,* ars eld or ourujer. AopraxlmAtelYuTOent ware li years old.
GroundereeBt af ibe returning reiugees ll year* end overln tba labor fare* theepresented by aire groups betweenndoare. The sane per-esnterne, by tni larre, acply also to tha iodltanaront tbe Federal tatpnblle proper to teat Seraany and Zest Serlin.
II. Reasons for nrraUoa
appraisal of tea reasona forratior. froa vast to laat (Branny ta evaa aore difficult than ascertainment of the reasons fortlen froa Saet to *oet fcnaany. espect to the latter, at least
from th* Tederal topntlic proper to Uw Root, vere retamini? post-war refugees, thla rough eetlra&ta is baaed on5a, "The "Jfeots of ^rations Into *cd .ut af "aot Oetaany on
tha Labor Situations le rast andaaay."|
t
The Mepflf* sotivee for
6
*fnta, ficwpver, are, sore oratter of connector*.
the aass segmentst te Vest Qbtbsoj hare
beraa prtaarily because cfor personal reasons end that onooeltion to the .'oviivt STSfcan ao such orndencerscy haveelatively alitor role. There can hardy be any -oufct that seveasnts froato wt Qflrasny have been oa* prapcnderahly to the eeme reeeone. The statenontisappointedabout to returnetthat "ay bene la where I
fJB)
can fUM work andood living, never aim! polities" la probably ersptomatdc of the vsy of thinking of aecysl.^rsnte. Jhsah attitude oan be easier understcod If Oeraon ennertanee of the last four ascadee Is takes into account. Taring tast period three aeesdngly strong aystcasen lap*emocratic,otal!-tarlan-oat-lonallatcollscssd with great ecaio.de and ether losses
e5L, -The rfTeete efTate and Out of "sat Osraanr on th* Labor situations In last and West Oerstany.B
Tar assy cisara, socially these mo vnuute or rrvovX7 tapbe oa* as>or ef than. *att 'irsany ia half ec-^rarlat-utalliarins, half ?hasa na*iiia serfae/nl* afteeted faloi Iawvnsrkedi to play alee^ -rl in any la sorer farfar-oarr. t. irrespective efilue*. thela tae street*sera teac ever>e sottl; not iaflusnee uetf a* iris*!.
she faat trt.it slaest hi, percent afeewaat nl^ranu?3 senbcaleally scwiv* any izuicale tbe ax teatea esveaaejuet >namy vera7 ao&^cencelc ccr.jlati sea, aesar af taaae al grants aey neve mm v%af to lacrere their aenr-aala rtuartior. tn eae vay ar so-othfr, tho brtlr ^trebshly acw: fartesfleat.
can* the relatively elnor raleflnslaoast* or retaro ce the 'estt laee af'-leelttsjuli have aove^ for arsenal rsa-ena. tba alas tosrvtae other s*r tae ileajtaareation, te rutcm teser eotauritr,aotly splli op ferine thaaar, to an leythe aa* c" one's property, or oven earst-n strcoiar
thanof the potential political, social, and, perhaps, economic conaeqnenoas of siirratlan into the Soviet area, fihanijes In tha prospects of leznan renrrlfi cation have not necessarily deterredrantsast. 3ope* that rennicn la laadnent have induced people to nova faat Inc get the start of many othersin their oolnien, woul! ad^rete or return to the Sast after thn rc-ontaolishneatingle all-Osrsac ^veitsasnt. loss of tne use* tha* >rnany would be reunited In the near futmre, lixawiae, baa caused people to aove because thoy saw no advantage In waitine longer Cor sore favoraole political conditions.
cf ths ralativtil? nnems UasWsst si grants?3 who sere under Ik years of age, obviously, scsosaaaniod their fasts. The asperity, howvrwr, sf the rau^nlyercent of the) si grants who wsro beteenn Ihh years probably lefteny for ether rsascne. siaaant that they vere chiefly returniae refugees, nany of whoa ccne to west Vrsautyby oUer family aenbrs, an4 son* of whoa had already cnepleteri their occupational training. In general, they could and did find suitably jobs rather easily. Ih* large return novossnt eaonp tbshus, was not Ju* to eecnoutc difficulties. According to nany Uest Oars* social work sra, inclndlng directors
ef tbe special federal eaeps ml private limitations engaged in
core of then, ll rather resulted from the Inadeeuacy of
efforts to myaat tbem toooitloosree eoontry,
to whichwre notas sell as te cnaui table honsln,;
conditions after release from the can pa, the Bonn Hefut^e* Minis'try
edmportant cacsesi icsdequate attention and snpervisi-aa,
and lack of contact, with the nattwe population ir. general and the
*
natlwa youth ln particular.
iltheugh it is -ot too difficult te paint out personal netivea ofto tAeIt lo net aaay te snraise whet economic factors say hw canaed pmoole te leave tha Vest for Soviet Jeraany, By any yardstick, ecoaoslc conditions In both parte of the countryubstantially before and iurtnj the period nader vrZscusalon. However, Che rata and scope of over-ell isnsrov-nant, ebrisoalr, was rraater in lb* Ueet. than ln the Ism.. Tot oisratlon to the East, apparently, was aot considered economically onwise in specificor byoea of people.
lhoush living costs, at tha end of the pertoi under discussion, still tended to be generally higher In tba wal than In tha Vest, che
ekomnt and -reht,'1 rJcslalart,
exp^sidl terse forand services ofithsnail income,
living near or art toe rebel at en ce level bad heeca* about tho same in
Vent andaaay. In this .tspoec, therefore aueh people had
nothing to lees by sio thearea. Yhe faat that
essentials or" life(and still are) rationed in ths East
and sold at relatively lew price* say have been an lnoantlve to
movs. Thowas atsrflar with respect to those specialist*
and highly skilled sorksrs Cot whoa Job* weren bat siasp
industry wit* eoapensatlcnake car* of the Vast-
.'Jejt living cost differential or svon to exceed It,
Tn view of great baproveawnts In the satploymsnt. el tuatlon in
th* Vest >nean industryole, the larva dosstr* far sany type*
ef labor In th* Soviet area can no lccgsr have attracted ss sany
>men people2 and wb**Quaat years a* In tbe earlier
post-war period. The nuaber of unanployadacancies in Ui*
pnderal Republic proper decreased?
e*
le%, In Hewn tbe
Tie -uadrangsslffor ala Tad^stor gear ArbeltssarkUane le gyanViertei;ahrsaef te snraetfcerf.
aerelopaent ef tee various Industrial sectors, the tempo of the iecrease, however, we* aot the sate laecup*tjcaal groups. It Mas fas-test ln the oeoopetlonal groups employed in tho capital ^oodn area {for axsnple, electricians, and bulldlnc construction, .if to] workers,rocessors, and m'.na yorkera|was aore Halted in ether occupationaluch anfrtonltaro, eonnarce, tactile aad Leather, fsed prednote and stimulantsaC dones-tlc workers. Job seekers, especially refugees, beltstfinv te occupe tional jttomeas favorable employment sitaatloa nay, therefore, onder the influence of beetrecruiters or on their can action, haw aaaktoM to try their lack In tha iast. Ia Vis connection, lt wist also be taken Into account that scarcity of bou?ln haa prevented nany unemployed refugees of anye froao the chief industrial areasatwhere theyhave found
1oha.
If, according to
the attached tables of SB originabout half of these
1he Vest for the -ast have, la each recent year, been for-aer >axt >raac rofugeea renaming hoaa, this appears to have been
Aie laryel? to bad living condition, inability to find, beeaaae of higher tfest Germanosition comparable to the ens they bad before or to Impossibility to get any *ob. flnder such droum-rianeamt, croaieee of .Jobs by f'aat German recralbere together with
u
other incneensnta saoh aa small cash paynects,of Tiring
ew-oses for an initial period, free transportation, lntorest-fres
loans, return of property, obviously, bare frequently prompted per*
sons dlssat.ls.fled with unpleanant aspectsife ta
re-al grata to tha last.
Ihe smaller pvrctmtaus of females anrn^ th* total migrating
umbers of tbe labor force any signify reluctance of women workers
to inherit to the unhealthy end untrsdittoaal working eer.rl ti one af
wen In Tsst Oeraany. This la, in particular, indicated by thai
relatively Ion nanber of fannies among the migrating industrial uorkara.
Tnunailooal croupe. In wMch the working conditions of
women are better, aa, for example, dcncstlc and office workers, tha
ed
number of fomale emigrant* even exceed^ that of men. accordingly, it can be concladed that fomale, as male, worirers hare need to the
st largely is the expectation that tola would Isprere theircondl tlonSj
* brief examination of -ha participation In tba WeeWaetof specific occupational groupsefore appoars to bear out the above general atstamenta. Inest Prolan metal production and processing workers sere unemployed
*>
acant jobs. The flnar* for3 was.
S All uu cn unmwolc.'estare nmrtad frcn mttmala Indtkator iter Arbsltemarktlage inlertellehrshcfU marSomberf.
12
If ccatpassd with thert'st -teraan laJustry5aia shews that tha 'n*Ooysent situation of this occupation was not faroreblc in the Wast. Ia the Kaat, how-ewer, worker* of thi* try* war* neck*). Ihe ecnfesed dwrectar of the fnVration within irnanyaj^lcnlarly clear If -otlre is taken of tha fact that the scare' ty Insasy was, at least in part, caused by defections to the keat, ny rata, there can hardly be any doubt, that ths relative esploynent situation in this field ba* had son*thins; to ao with ths "act thatercent of ths industrialaidnj to ths last23 were metal workers. a,in West Ocrnanyucencloe iecttssdn.5 to 3fl. Accordingly, it would not be surprising if Vest-East Migration of astal worksrs scold be aceh saallar sear.
xan building construction aorkers sots unemployedscancles in?n* monthhile, apparently, axffleulties were encountered la 'sat many tnuch worksrs. y explain, at least in part, whyercent of th* in tu*tri al work we si grating fron thetc th* sat ouriiw; that period belonged tc thisonal irrc-jp. finally, anon* textile workers, w'ose partledpaUon In th*
* Dnenployaant of construe ti en worfcernacsnt Jobs In West >rmany deoroasodnkoa
13
adoration of industrialo East Germany amountednemploymentacant *oben2n
The employment situation in Vest many of ecansrclalto ah chorcant oT the outadgrating seabera of the labor 'ores belonged, was very badi aeancias ln2n Unemployment Ad not go down to lessn the sane month1espectively. It is not likely that their prosepcta la Eastwere particularly Tut,l^rsata to the Jaet3pparently, believed that they had nothing te lose bat, on the contrary. Tight ret sons .fob doe to the great general demand for labor and, perhaps, the loaer standards ia the Soviet area.
n
The professional peoplehe Vest-teat migrants mereattracted by the inert aaa of people of their kind which existed (and still exists) In Soviet Oeraany. As to physicians, in particular, suoply haa been ample in thel* the ratio ef population to practicing doctors In the East haa probably not been better than. Some artists have moved to the East for ideological
u
reasons, "any, however, item traao :fcnra by offers tbat were attractive finer, el all/ aai ota>nilsev
er Vf) vacancies2nhe el tuition lalculUiral labor
.ore* nan not at alles*fliany. Theexodus of farmers an agricultural sorkars frcm *ast ternaayn.lauirully, farther Halt' ehmicen ofa alaon 'a vest
lCare. This lack of rr pcrtuniolled parti cnlerly
ta rara^egs.
"asr, ^rnsny, on the other hand, the
of so aany fa mars rtsoltsc in tho abandon ent of pro-hebly aoreerc-nt ef th* total ealUveteH land,he
&ieicultnrlsts rose sharply1 ami3 andotal ef0 during tor* period.
15
man fcverrwentherefore, forced to sake very attractive
promises tos ofe;rleultarBl labor fores vhe vould
return. Tst,a mora and fans workersprobably almost
exclnslTely retaroeesleft the Federal Republic for -ast Sernany
2 Iho hoik ofricultarlsta in West >rnany>
obviously, held thst, nnfxvo'-aOla as thalr situation was, they would,
a
in thean, be hottern thethai in the as*.
r-tsilarlr, the small nombar of eedantlste, en?lc- ers, technicians, aai members of relator! ecctzstt.lir.ns In tho Waat-^ast migrationasoni other things, that tho on ortunltles which hava existed in Soviet Germanyesulthortage of trained people of thla kind hare not beenenough to cause much ml jxatior. to tbe East, ibewho ridat Germany, probably, were lured to Um last by especially tempting offers, such as rood .louaioa facilities, compensationnough to ^uorsntee anlrlnK standard dean Its higherosts, nl dwr radons wnich, mo to lower prices, iecr-ase living expenses, and other prlvileraa. Sooh promises, wdch have usually been kept, may hare attraated both very highly ano very poorlyeeber* of Ihe occineUonal groups here oiscaased. endencyra .hemoV ticaUyertain extent and the
* roloynorit :at vac-wcio*"in Most German aRriculture declinedn1 and to only S4 in
fact th-it yare increases in* been especially high for technicians ami foramen, nay hare been Gcntributing factors.
Z&gratienst to Sast Germany haa to ?ach year been nuca snailsr than saUrrsticn in tho reverse ii recti en. The lass suffered byra-Ioo, unftiestionably, has boon amcfa ;rro-ter forasny than for the Federal *poblie. Tata applies not only to iho number ofost but also to the loss of needed skills and knowledge. Sever-the!ass, ihe tamijTratamaiisabl^ number of worksrs and orofessionals hasaluable asset for :ast Germany and hasntociLy to sake up forart of the losses suffered byslsrous defections and other causes.
Migrationast Jcrnany dropped considerablyrobably, because of ths economic improvement in Wast Cormany. It reached its losfisi point, thus far.oll Ideally andarticularly bad year in ths 'set. It increased, however,nd, apparently, remained at. the same levelwo years of relative stability and economic tro^aeas in Soviet fmwsny. It con be assumed that the relativG volnno cf aovmssnts to tho West and "ast silltoinfluenced .greatly by the rclatdve economic developments in the two parts of th* country. Including cost of living, earnings, employment, and supply of consumers ^ocis.
The aboveay explain some of the natives of migrants
tonowlri, sovaver, not to everlecked
lait boteaovraenis to *heell as th"toHjw been pert*t-t, rcatolftely -nw-vanlias;shasar!oneit ca* who atursted into 'aitsutwaoer.'jy went
of th*a*w 1sat even apply for asylsr:returned ivas-rl* -fly to 'sat 'ensnsnr,oo^lonatlbn of Ufa under soviet rule ta tmcertalntles af UfA amf waiepurontly hai not ceen aware pre-viewaiy. en aispeciallysk an. forth even sore than tariee. say ant aeeasaar ir,oeea art to bad experience it the new place ofc* or merely to lade* o' eseau Tn any attempt to interpret these si era liana it ahcvl.i, above ill, b* uknahef -afferent essaeaaleeras o a th*wai anunr la still one oountry or, at least, is ecaststred by aestto be one country whieh is onlr teeoorerily dviews'e extomalceor-fu^ly, pecol* have proo-wily not haarltaterf te seve from ece part of their ccuntrv to the olbar anyhan easen thetatc*.
* o th* inert, seafa* iffects of
rations la to sad out of ear. a the ubor utuatlea*st and want5
Thia report ia,ompanion study"The
Effects of "ttsmtiens into and oot of ias* 9armany on tho Labor Itu-atlons in Seat and VastU. the earlier reportiscussion of poat-erar aigrati-in frem West tc rast 'kmnany op to and inelndine the lhat 'iiseuoslon, hcverer, iraa by no means eahaustive because cf lack of statistical information thatresod,other thineie, to undertake tho breakdowns and refine interpretations c? tbe causes of the ncwemenLs, asin the present report.
2
torn
data which hare bean aacllshed hare and/or In jormany. Theof too tabids is Indicated by ths table of contents prrcdina, then. Their figures must he considered to be rousA aod occasionally eery roach esdxatee. Oetoj to the uncontrolled end bapbasard maaner in which people have been moving Inside Isiraeny since the final phone of Mertd War IT. lt will, probJcOy, newr be possible to eonpuU then aocarately. lbs tables lnclarie data on migration e? tho Vest as veil as si rretlcm to tha East. Both types of data ware Included, first,umber of estimates regarding mores to the Seat ware baaed en data ecDoerUng eaves to tha seat and, second, because eoapariac of the tvo sate of flseres el in aach other appears oaefal ln any attempt to appraise the relative jiiydflcance of the two movatento and toolicy toward them.
It la belierec that the footnotes to thepoint out tha
nreraimry qualifiestlotis te the date, with sufficient clarify. Toe fallowing probleaai and sasusntlons, bowcrer, ah cold be esaphaalaed at this janctcxej
efronts to the West whose origin was ladi-
M hawing been ?owi*t
catod
(so*hculi be OTiolJerod ao estinates only because of prebleae both ofan* doable oe on ting of sdgrant*.
2. decsuse so data are araHable or. tha prooortion of ai rraute of nnfcnown art Kin sMeh was fron Sovist Germany or on the proportion of ui grants of unknown oostinatlon which toss toaeny, istisatsc ef these proportions are besed en rathar artrttrwry assonptlons. These assumptions are river, ino tabla 1. Except far tables Ihhich present charectertsties of persons algratiiK fron Vest Berlin to nnknown destination, ths data presented are for aigrenta whoa* origin or destination la indicated aa Soviet Gone any.
adausted as fcllcwsi a* -durante te ?aet Berlin froa th* Federal Sepublioot shown separatsly in the tabulations, war*
aassaavd to haw* the sans distribution by age and by
k
labor force jwias and occupation aa .iljrants to iast Berlin from the ?edsrsl /tepublie Anotheraseuwpticct be tbat these migrants wsre like those <oing towlet Zonee former assumption mas employed, however, because al<cronts to the Soviet Zone3 had choree tort sties aore sloilar te those of ml grants to the Soviet Zone? than to those of migrants to Sast 5erUn.
to the Sovietfrom .'lesseot shown
In the tabulations, were assumed to have th* someaa had mlrrants from the other States of tho Federal Sepublic
in the laboresa oocnpatlea* wereassumed to aave the same distributionas had those ml^ranta ofa groupwore specified.
fa. 'Oie characteristics of mi grants to?3 wre assunsc to be the same asante to the Kaderal 8opuhlic from the Soviet Zone and Berlin -taring these years. Iho validity of this assumption Is largely dependanthe extent to which migration from Vest Serlin to the Federal Sarublio consists of persons who aovad to West Berlin from Soviet 'jeraany during the same Haa periods,ha
extent to which the characteristics of those ai.-rar.te from Hoelet >raair/ to 'Jest ierlin she ranalD la Westdiffer froe these who later eowe to the Inderal *epoblie. 5. Except for ml grants frow the federal Ispobllo te Soviet era anyata era avail7 for selected occupations within tho merjar occupational -roups. For other groups ofrrante, therefore, the stm of ths numbers shown fer specific occupations does not equal the somber shown lor the sajer occupational rroop.
O TH' CaUSaCT.?BHEW THB niK3ALBUS OP CKWAaTHE OKF. SASS,
as? tbt; nasi zest of nrawnttsi kkh,bp tth t.
? 3
f5TDUTCT OT TOTAL TJ-HUTTOB
Table
LffWota Bebjeou MM Federal aspttblle of Caroany and Weal Berlin, oo too One Hand, and tha Soviet Zona of &raunv end Boat Berlin, oo the Other, by Pea, and Tiae Period* January1 to
9, ngrerrni Between the "ode ml JwpuOUc of Oerxany andBerlin, on the Cne dead, end the .Soviet Zone efand East Berlin, on they ires, of Origin and .eetlnaUeni fi^rante to the Peroralof >raany and Vert Berlin With feknowc Orista,ante Proni These areas With Coknoen .eetlnati -n, by Seas 2
3. rran the Paderel tsrubllc of Qeraany to tha 'Vrrte* Zone of aanaany and last Berlin, by Cox and Herniation 3roapi 2
SHNHAKf TABLS9
it. Labor Pores Statue and Occupation of Yi^ranta Between the Federal public ofand Vent Oerltn, on tha Cne Hand, and the Soviet Zone of Genaany and *aat Berlin, on tha Other, by Sara 2
5.Between the Federalof Oeraacy and Vest 3erlln, oa the One Band, and tha Soviet Zona of Genaany and Fast Berlin, on the Other,nd Sau *
7
ubcjh rofiCKofc" rater
Table
of ftp-ante Froael teeahlle oftoef Oeraeav end 7eat iwrl'n, U.ad Over, Vbioh WasLabor Fores, by Age, Sea, andpi ?
OCCCPATtOl
Tore* Status and Gocupatien of All fflgrent* Fro* theef Gersany to tk* Soviet Zee* of Oereaar/ and Uat Bvrlln,Ores** 2
5. Percent nUtrlbution by Leber force Statu* and Occupation of All XIgrants froa tba Federal Sseublle at? Oenaany ta theone of aeraany and Eeat Berlin, by PopelatiQO Qreupt 2 Ubor Pore*nd Occupation ef Hal* ftgreata Proa the Jecersl flepuhllo of Jereany to the Soviet Tone of tomany and East Berlin, by Popula--or. irrxpi *
10. rercent rietrtbutten by Labor fare* Statu* and Occupation of Bala Migrant* Fron tho federal Republic ef Oesnany to tha Soviet Zone of Oeraany and Kant Berlin, by Population Uteopi2
U. Ubor fore* Status and Oaoupetlcn of renal* rtt<ra-rto Fron the
Federal Republic of Seraany to th* Soviet Xon* of Jerstnyrt Berlin, by ropalation Oroupi ?
Percent Eastrlbutgen by Ubor fores statue and CccuiMtLon ef renal*rect? Fron tha redsral Republic ef >iaany to the Soviet Zone of Qernauy and Past Berlin, by Population aroupi ?
Labor Fereo Status and CoeupaUen ef Wigrants Fron West flerlin to tha Soviet Zonen*ny and Hast oerUn, by?
uaca kkt "Tjitds iar
table
bor Force ftatua and OecupaUon of Mxarantn Froa Went Berlin Wllh Unknown raetdnatlon, by Sexi *
Force statue and Occupation of Miiranta to Ibe FederalOernany and Went Berlin Frcn tha "oviet Zona af amany
iGF
Froa the Fed^rtl republic of leraany to tha Toilet Saneand fiact Berlin, by age and Sex and TonaJstloa
27. reroent Satrlbatlon ofreata Froa theublic ef Ceraeay te the -oeiet Zonenany and 'eat Berlin, by Ana and aod Population Oroupt ?
HLgranto Froa Vaat sc rlin to the Sevie* Zoneaany and 4aat Berlin,nd Stmt *
ente Froa Went Berlin With unfcnoaa rostd.naUcn, by *nd2
Mjieeta to the Federal aepebllo ef *nacny and Vest Berlin Free thaZone of >many and :aet Berlin, by lee and Saw *
Original document.
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