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Abstracts: Ribonuclease E is a 5'-end'dependent endonuclease. An endonuclease at last. Crystal structure of T4 endonuclease VII resolving a Holliday junction
Abstracts: Ribozyme-catalysed amino-acid transfer reactions. Evolution ex vivo. In vitro evolution of a self-alkylating ribozyme
Abstracts: Rice in deep water. Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice
Abstracts: Rice, microbes and methane. Stimulation by ammonium-based fertilizers of methane oxidation in soil around rice roots
Abstracts: Richard H. ("Dick") Goodwin, 1911-2007. Remembering John Sawhill: 1936-2000. Dick Goodwin: father of the land deal
Abstracts: Rick Bogle. Helen Jones. In appreciation: Linda McCartney
Abstracts: Ridge segmentation, faulting and crustal thickness in the Atlantic Ocean. Palaeomagnetic evidence for large-magnitude, low-angle normal faulting in a metamorphic core complex
Abstracts: Riding high on the TATA box. The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II couples mRNA processing to transcription
Abstracts: Riding tandems with nature. Weak trophic interactions and the balance of nature. Patenting nature now
Abstracts: Rigidity variations with depth along interplate megathrust faults in subduction zones. Seismic reflection imaging of two megathrust shear zones in the northern Cascadia subduction zone
Abstracts: Rigs to reefs: California's offshore oil platforms produce more than just petroleum - they develop into lush habitats for marine life
Abstracts: Ringing the changes at Bell Labs. Security restrictions lead foreign students to snub US universities. Intelligence law draws fire over NSF security project
Abstracts: Rio review to rejuvenate green initiatives. Clinton's plan for 'green car' faces bumpy research road. Green Bank dish may be last of the giants
Abstracts: Rise to the challenge. Exchange rate hits US researchers. The ascent of water
Abstracts: Rising star. Catalytic gold rush. Energy-go-round
Abstracts: Rising to the challenge. Peter Jacobson: Come drought or high water. Erika Zavaleta: Still life with athlete
Abstracts: Risk and the inadequacy of science. Controversial Swedish science minister loses seat in reshuffle. Essentials for science in a devolved Scotland
Abstracts: Risk: a suitable case for analysis? Stray seeds had antibiotic-resistance genes. Head to head
Abstracts: Risk factors and mortality of black-tailed deer in a managed forest landscape. Effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on river otters: injury and recovery of a sentinel species
Abstracts: Risk of predation and foraging sites of individuals in mixed-species tit flocks. American crows cache less preferred walnuts
Abstracts: Risk of severe asthma episodes predicted from fluctuation analysis of airway function. An optimal bronchial tree may be dangerous
Abstracts: Risk-sensitive foraging: choice behaviour of honeybees in response to variability in volume of reward. The use of conspecific and interspecific scent marks by foraging bumblebees and honeybees
Abstracts: Risky argument over cause and effect. Kinder, gentler, more useful mathematics. Texas A & M struggles to gain the respect that its researchers have already won
Abstracts: Risky behaviour by piglets: a trade off between feeding and risk of mortality by maternal crushing? Calling by domestic piglets: reliable signals of need?
Abstracts: Risky sex: male pipefishes mate at random in the presence of a predator. Female mate guarding: no evidence in a socially monogamous species
Abstracts: Ritchie Laymon: POETic justice for animals. Running like a wolf. A lesson in life
Abstracts: Rival imprinting: interspecifically cross-fostered tits defend their territories against heterospecific intruders
Abstracts: Rival Parkinson's bills focus US debate on fetal tissue. Gene marker database stirs up debate. US plans giant effort on protein structure
Abstracts: River meanders in a tray: Meanders are a feature of some of the world's noblest rivers, but laboratory models have failed to meander convincingly
Abstracts: River of raptors. Viewing the crown jewels; even people who profess to have no interest in birds will be dazzled
Abstracts: RNA-binding protein Nrd1 directs poly(A)-independent 3'-end formation of RNA polymerase II transcripts. Arrangement of RNA and proteins in the spiceossomal U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle
Abstracts: RNA-catalysed carbon-carbon bond formation. A new west African chimpanzee subspecies? Eclogite zenoliths in west African kimberlites as residues from Archaean granitoid crust formation
Abstracts: RNA-catalysed RNA polymerization using nucleoside triphosphates. Synthesizing life
Abstracts: RNA editing of hepatitis delta virus antigenome by dsRNA-adenosine deaminase. The short answer
Abstracts: RNA editing: Sometimes an editor makes sense. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation. Growth-dependent translation of IGF-II mRNA by a rapamycin-sensitive pathway
Abstracts: RNA in control. Micromanagement of metastasis. Hes1 is a target of microRNA-23 during retinoic-acid-induced neuronal differentiation of NT2 cells
Abstracts: RNA polymerase II is an essential mRNA polyadenylation factor. Dephosphorylated SRp38 acts as a splicing repressor in response to heat shock
Abstracts: RNA recognition and translational regulation by a homeodomain protein. Sequence specific RNA binding by Bicoid
Abstracts: RNA silencing in plants. Diced defence. Control of alternative RNA splicing and gene expression by eukaryotic riboswitches
Abstracts: RNA-templated DNA repair. Holding sisters for repair. Ensuring error-free DNA repair
Abstracts: RNA translocation and unwinding mechanism of HCV NS3 helicase and its coordination by ATP. The DExH Protein NPH-II is processive and directional motor for unwinding RNA
Abstracts: Road kills. Coping with noxious nuts. Solar-powered bats
Abstracts: Road rage: our highways have become killing fields for wildlife. 5,000 square miles of silence
Abstracts: Roads and genetic connectivity. Migratory bands give crickets protection. Oligocene mammals from Ethiopia and faunal exchange between Afro-Arabia Eurasia
Abstracts: Roads as activity corridors for cane toads in Australia. Factors affecting capture myopathy in white-tailed deer
Abstracts: Roads, development, and conservation in the Congo Basin. Phylogenetic reanalysis of the Saudi gazelle and its implications for conservation
Abstracts: Roaring and social communications in African lions: the limitations imposed by listeners. Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants
Abstracts: Robert Rathbun Wilson (1914-2000). Ugo Fano (1912-2001). John Frank (Jack) Allen (1908-2001)
Abstracts: Robert W. Holley (1922-1993). Theodore H. Maiman (1927-2007). Francis Crick (1916-2004)
Abstracts: Robotic whiskers used to sense features. Pathogen drop-kick. The inside story
Abstracts: Robot predators in virtual ecologies: the importance of memory in mimicry studies. Warning signals, receiver psychology and predator memory
Abstracts: Robust and optimal use of information in stereo vision. Solitons light the way. Vision in dim light
Abstracts: Robust habit learning in the absence of awareness and independent of the medial temporal lobe. Species-specific calls evoke asymmetric activity in the monkey's temporal poles
Abstracts: Robustness-epistasis link shapes the fitness landscape of a randomly drifting protein. Synthesis and properties of crosslinked recombinant pro-resilin
Abstracts: Robust solutions to hard problems: Twenty-first century computers could achieve astonishing speed by exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics
Abstracts: Roche claims victory in bid for European Taq patent. Aid groups back challenge to neem patents. Roche fails to get European patent on Taq polymerase
Abstracts: Roche faces charges over Taq patent claim. Alliance of US labs plans to build map of cell signalling pathways
Abstracts: Rocket man. Changing course. Hospital closure puts tissue bank in jeopardy
Abstracts: Rocky. Smiles all round: Can research buy you happiness? New life on the Mississippi
Abstracts: Rod Coronado. Torn in half. Hit by a truck
Abstracts: Role for a Xenopus Orc2-related protein in controlling DNA replication. Springtime in the desert
Abstracts: Role for c-Abl tyrosine kinase in growth arrest response to DNA damage. Syk tyrosine kinase required for mouse viability and B-cell development
Abstracts: Role for interleukin-3 in mast-cell and basophil development and in immunity to parasites. Impaired mast cell-dependent natural immunity in complement C3-deficient mice
Abstracts: Role for lichen melanins in uranium remediation. Coulomb-blockade transport in single-crystal organic thin-film transistors
Abstracts: Role for the p53 homologue p73 in E2F-1-induced apoptosis. Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2. Role of NF-kappa-B in p53-mediated programmed cell death
Abstracts: Role of abortive retroviral infection of neurons in the spongiform CNS degeneration. Long-range cis effects of ectopic X-inactivation centres on a mouse autosome
Abstracts: Role of Bax and Bak in mitochondrial morphogenesis. DRP-1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation during EGL-1-induced cell death in C. elegans
Abstracts: Role of CED-4 in the activation of CED-3. Fas-mediated apoptosis and activation-induced T-cell proliferation are defective in mice lacking FADD/Mort 1
Abstracts: Role of cholesterol and lipid organization in disease. Bending over to attract. Polymer-supported membranes as models of the cell surface
Abstracts: Role of duplicate genes in genetic robustness against null mutations. Duplication, duplication
Abstracts: Role of genetic background in the success of reintroduced peregrine falcons. Genetic variation for morphological and allozyme variation in relation to population size in Clarkia dudleyana, an endemic annual
Abstracts: Role of H5 domain in determining pore diameter and ion permeation through cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Molecular mechanism of cAMP modulation of HCN pacemaker channels
Abstracts: Role of HIF-1-alpha in hypoxia-mediated apoptosis, cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases
Abstracts: Role of inscuteable in orienting asymmetric cell divisions in Drosophila. Cytoskeleton in the cell cycle
Abstracts: Role of interactions between the origin recognition complex and SIR1 in transcriptional silencing. Why thumbs are up?
Abstracts: Role of IRS-2 in insulin and cytokine signalling. IRS-2 pathways integrate female reproduction and energy homeostasis
Abstracts: Role of learning in three-dimensional form perception. The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth's atmosphere
Abstracts: Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. A role for melanin-concentrating hormone in the central regulation of feeding behavior
Abstracts: Role of metal-reducing bacteria in arsenic release from Bengal delta sediments. The arsenic green
Abstracts: Role of Mxi1 in ageing organ systems and the regulation of normal and neoplastic growth. The BCL6 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 expression in germinal-centre B cells
Abstracts: Role of plagioclase crystal chains in the differentiation of partly crystallized basaltic magma. The formation of plagioclase chains during convective transfer in basaltic magma
Abstracts: Role of protozoan grazing in relieving iron limitation of phytoplankton. Iron acquisition by photosynthetic marine phytoplankton from ingested bacteria
Abstracts: Role of Rel/NF-kappa-B transcription factors during the outgrowth of the vertebrate limb. Therapeutic gene causing lymphoma
Abstracts: Role of sulphur photochemistry in tropical ozone changes after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Atmospheric effects of the Mt Pinatubo eruption
Abstracts: Role of SUPERMAN in maintaining Arabidopsis floral whorl boundaries. One man's food
Abstracts: Role of the histone deacetylase complex in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Transcription-linked acetylation by Gcn5p of histones H3 and H4 at specific lysines
Abstracts: Role of the inositol phosphatase SHIP in negative regulation of the immune system by the receptor FcgammaRIIB
Abstracts: Role of the NF-ATc transcription factor in morphogenesis of cardiac valves and septum. ICOS is essential for effective T-helper-cell responses
Abstracts: Role of the thrombin receptor in development and evidence for a second receptor. Thrombin signalling and protease-activated receptors
Abstracts: Role of thrombin signalling in platelets in haemostasis and thrombosis. PAR3 is a cofactor for PAR4 activation by thrombin
Abstracts: Role of tissue factor in embryonic blood vessel development. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential tumour angiogenesis factor in human gliomas in vivo
Abstracts: Role of transcription factors Brn-3.1 and Brn-3.2 in auditory and visual system development. A neurofibromatosis-1-regulated pathway is required for learning in Drosophila
Abstracts: Roles of tumour localization, second signals and cross priming in cytotoxic T-cell induction. Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant virus variants in vivo
Abstracts: Room for hope after a chemical defeat. Test ban treaty faces make or break in the US Senate: A tough time lies ahead for the US administration in its push to achieve the two-thirds Senate majority needed to ratify the treaty banning atomic weapons testing
Abstracts: Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an oxide material with an ordered double-perovskite structure. Observation of orbital waves as elementary excitations in a solid
Abstracts: Roosevelt, conservation, and the revival of democracy. It's about time: conservation biology and history. Diversity: Striking a balance
Abstracts: Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests
Abstracts: 'Rough draft' of human genome wins researchers' backing. 'Group debate' urged for gene studies. US urged to monitor some genetic tests
Abstracts: Rough pursuits. Taxonomy: Biology's infrastructure. Wallum froglet
Abstracts: Round objects. The gathering storm. Standards for papers on cloning
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