Article Abstract:
The molecular organization of NhaA, a Na+/H+ antiporter of relative molecular mass 42,000, represents a new structural motif. There are a number of interesting links between the 3D structure of NhaA and that of the P-type ATPases that connect ATP hydrolysis with ion transport. It was possible to obtain the 3D map of NhaA from 2D crystals of NhaA produced at low pH, where NhaA is in a conformation connected with the active state. The map indicates two possibilities for the location of ion-translocation pathways: between the bundle of six helices and the neighbouring layer of six helices and within the bundle of six helices.
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Article Abstract:
Purified adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor (ARF) and GTP-dependent Golgi binding factor both show GTP soluble factor activity in the cell nuclear vesicle fusion assay. Moreover, ARF's role extends to the formation of nuclear vesicles during mitosis and to proteins taking part in secretion. Hence GTP-dependent soluble factor and ARF probably function as the molecular bond between secretory vesicles and vesicles that control post-mitotic nuclear assembly.
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Article Abstract:
The bone morphogenetic protein antagonists Chordin and Noggin compensate for each other during early mouse development. It has been established that mice double-homozygous mutants that are for chordin and noggin show serious defects in the development of the prosencephalon. Chordin and Noggin, which are secreted by the trunk organizer, have been shown to be needed for the correct specification of the three body axes in the mouse embryo.
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