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The sound of many hands clapping: Tumultuous applause can transform itself into waves of synchronized clapping

Article Abstract:

Synchronized clapping is an example on a human scale, of the synchronization process that occurs in several natural systems. The dynamics of such rhythmic applause are examined by measuring the collective aspects of the self-organization process, and the behavior of the audience at theatre and opera performances. The transition from random to synchronized clapping was found to be accompanied by a period-doubling process, when individuals eliminate every second beat.

Applause

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Atom-by-atom analysis of global downhill protein folding

Article Abstract:

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies show that the downhill protein BBL from Escherichia coli unfolds atom by atom starting from a defined three-dimensional structure. This confirms the statistical nature of folding, and exposes the interplay between hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic forces, backbone conformation and side-chain entropy, and a map of the interaction network in the protein is also obtained, which reveals the source of folding cooperativity.

Analysis, Protein folding, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Atomic properties

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Global organization of metabolic fluxes in the bacterium escherichia coli

Article Abstract:

It is shown that network use is highly uneven when it is implementing a flux balance analysis of the metabolism of escherichia coli strain MG1655. Coli responds to changes in growth conditions by reorganizing the rates of selected fluxes predominantly within the high-flux backbone.

Metabolism

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