Article Abstract:
A study has been conducted to examine the pattern of electric organ discharge (EOD) in the pulse-type fish, Hypopomus occidentalis, by measuring the amplitude modulations between the position of the fish and the recording electrode for both mature male and female fishes. Larger amplitude EODs were observed in the evenings than during the day, with each fish displaying a distinct pattern of EOD amplitude. Instantaneous changes in the amplitude and the duration of the EODs were also observed in response to light touch stimulation.
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Article Abstract:
Brightly colored fishes are under greater predatory risk because the schooling behavior of fish makes other fishes in the group follow the brightly colored fishes, protecting the followers in the process by reducing their risk of exposure to predators. This characteristic behavior of schooling fish is passed on to succeeding generations. Bright colors also enhance sexual attraction to the opposite sex, and may help in the process of evolution.
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Article Abstract:
Shoals of 12 golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas were studied to determine if daily foraging is the result of chance, the collective will of shoalmates or the leadership of a few individuals. The results suggest that a minority of informed individuals can lead a shoal to food, either by social facilitation of foraging or by eliciting following behavior.
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