Rebuilt AAA+ motors reveal operating principles for ATP-fuelled machines

Article Abstract:

The active and inactive subunits of the ATPase ClpX are covalently linked to form hexamers in order to show that diverse geometric arrangements can support the enzymatic unfolding of protein substrates and translocations of the denaturated polypeptide into the ClpP peptidase for degradation. The ability of ClpX to function using only one or two catalytically active subunits indicate that AAA+, for ATPases associated with various cellular activities machines built from a single subunit type shares common asymmetric mechanisms with these highly diverse molecular machines.

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Daniel Koshland (1920-2007)

Article Abstract:

Daniel Koshland, biochemist, institution-builder and editor of Science, was the first to show that the differences between bacterial daughter cells can be caused by stochastic fluctuations. Koshland introduced the concept of 'ultrasensitivity'.

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Arthur Kornberg (1918-2007)

Article Abstract:

Arthur Kornberg, one of the greatest biochemists of the twentieth century, died in the year 2007. His works included the study of enzyme synthesis and DNA replication.

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