Pseudoreplication in playback experiments, revisited a decade later

Article Abstract:

A survey of the design of animal behaviour 'Playback' experiments published during the last few years, focusing on pseudoreplication issues, is presented.

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Development of two song categories by chestnut-sided warblers

Article Abstract:

An experiment wasconducted to examine the role of social interaction in the ontogeny of chestnut-sided warbler singing. The results indicated that chestnut-sided warbler song development is greatly improved by vocal and visual interaction with singing adult warblers. The birds tutored only with tapes were unable to sing normal unaccented-ending (UE) songs and produced flawed imitations of accented-ending (AE) songs. However, birds that saw and heard adult males produced good imitations of AE and UE tutor songs and manifested a strong inclination towards initating the songs of live tutors.

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Song development by chipping sparrows and field sparrows

Article Abstract:

Chipping sparrows and field sparrows have the ability, under laboratory conditions, to acquire their songs in several ways. In both species, a small number of juvenile males can learn a new song type or song syllable from spring tutors or pupils. Most males adapted the song that they had learned during their hatching year so that it was more closely aligned with the songs of spring tutors. In both species, song learning appears to be a memorization-production process.

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