Nutrient regulates Tor1 nuclear localization and association with rDNA promoter

Article Abstract:

The nuclear localization of Tor1, or its dynamic distribution in the cytoplasm and nucleus in yeast, is shown to be nutrient dependent, whereby starvation or treatment with rapamycin causes Tor1 to exit from the nucleus. Tor1 nuclear localization is crucial for 35S rRNA synthesis and cell growth, where Tor1 is associated with 35S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoter chromatin in a rapamycin- and starvation-sensitive manner, thus using distinct mechanisms in the control of diverse gene expression.

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Dynein arms are oscillating force generators

Article Abstract:

The rhymic beating of eukaryotic flagella is powered by the protein dynein, single molecules of which may generate oscillations. A new study investigates whether oscillation requires a complete axoneme, a complicated structure at the core of the flagellum. Optical trapping nanometry is used to measure the force generated by dynein arms. It is suggested that a single dynein arm can generate oscillation.

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Cytoplasmic dynein functions as a gear in response to load

Article Abstract:

An optical trap is used to quantify motion of polystyrene beads driven along microtubules by single cytoplasmic dynein motors. Under no load, dynein moves predominantly with a mixture of 24-nm and 32-nm steps.

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