Article Abstract:
Isoclonal aggregations of the sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima, exhibit an inducible polymorphism and inter-clonal dominance due to larger allocation of fighting tentacles to the warrior polyps than reproductive polyps. The contests between each combination of like and unlike morphs for each pair of neighboring clones provide evidence of the fighting qualities of warrior polyps. Neighboring warriors and reproductives show aggression towards each other with both equally likely to attack and retaliate. However, pairs of neighboring clones are characterized by uneven fighting abilities.
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Article Abstract:
The factors affecting division of labour of the sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima are examined. The clone-specific variation in responsiveness with the complexity of agonistic behavior partially explains the expression and maintenance of interclonal variation in the frequencies of different castes and patterns of division of labour.
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Article Abstract:
Two hypotheses that explain the social segregation of sexually dimorphic ungulates are experimentally tested. The results indicate a social segregation at a small spatial scale that can be explained by differences in speed of movement between males and females and/or higher social affinity between same-sex than opposite-sex peers.
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