Article Abstract:
Knowledge about variation in animal spatial organization and its association with ecology can be enhanced by clearly defining one's conceptual view of territoriality, describing an operational definition of the territoriality concept of animals and rationalizing the choice of endpoint at the opposite end of the continuum. Conceptual definitions permit comparison on a broader scale than operational definitions since they are more generalized and have wide application on species. Comparative approaches can impose restraints. Intraspecific comparisons are easier for researchers.
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Article Abstract:
A study was conducted to determine the relationship between harem defence and territoriality in rutting red deer. A consensus of the behavior of females in certain locations over different periods of time were analyzed. The results showed that territoriality was a strategy used by the males during mating. Territoriality was also used to prevent competition for food and resources against other red deer populations. This suggests that territoriality also acts as a defense system, especially by populations inhabiting small territories.
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Article Abstract:
Research is presented concerning the aggressive territorial behavior shown by males of the butterfly Lycaena hippothoe. The use of short patrol flights in good weather and perching in poor weather by the males is discussed.
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