Article Abstract:
Laboratory and field-based mate choice experiments were used to examine whether male Brachyrhaphis episcopi prefer unfamiliar females and how this choice varies between populations under different environmental conditions. Differences in male mate choice between populations with and without predators suggest that males may face a trade-off between the costs and benefits of being choosy.
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Article Abstract:
The use of local landmarks in learning orientation routes by the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, varied in response to the visual stability of their natural habitats are investigated. The results suggest that populations exposed to different environmental conditions differ in the types of information they use to solve a spatial task.
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Article Abstract:
The relations between boldness and body size are examined in eight populations of the poeciliid Brachyraphis episcopi originating from sites upstream and downstream of waterfalls in four rivers that run into the Panama Canal. The importance of variation in boldness and its effects on other behavioral and life history traits are discussed.
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