Article Abstract:
Travel of individuals to and away from centres of innovation was one of the ways in which European ethology spread. North Americans travelled to work in European ethological laboratories and European ethologists relocated in North America. The North Americans learned ethology from courses, readings, advisors and personal meetings and they were also attracted to the kind of science implemented by ethologists and usually reported positive experiences in Europe. This cooperation resulted in spreading their discipline and North Americans approach was helpful in building academic and scientific careers.
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Article Abstract:
Body masses of 16 littermate pairs of female deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, were compared before and after pairing and breeding with a male or pairing with a female. Females that have produced several litters have significantly higher body mass and length than unmated females for a period of several months after the end of reproductive activity. These findings are likely to be applicable in the field, and should therefore be considered in researches in which such animals are studied.
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Article Abstract:
The effects of intraspecific and interspecific cross-fostering on the reproductive success of Peromyscus leucopus were determined. Intraspecific cross-fostering had little effect in P. maniculatus, but interspecific cross-fostering resulted in significantly less successful reproductions through reductions in litter sizes and in survivorship of young. Sex differences in response to interspecific cross-fostering significantly occurred in P. maniculatus, with males more negatively affected.
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