Article Abstract:
Abdus Salam, Pakistani Nobel laureate, felt in 1974 that there was a need for organizing an annual meeting where scientists from developing countries could interact with their counterparts from the north. In 1976, Salam helped organize a conference at Nathiagali, Pakistan, attended by many scientists, which turned out to be an important aspect of North-South scientific cooperation. The 1995 meeting was dedicated to Abdus Salam, although he is a controversial figure in Pakistan. He was chief scientific adviser from 1961 to 1974, but was criticized for favoring theoretical physics as well as for idealism and ineffective leadership.
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Article Abstract:
Little improvement has taken place towards the development of scientific research in Pakistan since independence. There are only 22 universities for a student population of 75,000. Karachi University's physics department is the largest in the country with 700 undergraduates, but has annual budget of only $7,500. The chairman of the department Riaz Ahmed Hashmi blames the successive governments for not having paid attention to the generation of resources for scientific research. The HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry has emerged into a leading center for natural product chemistry.
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Article Abstract:
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), formed in 1956, has developed into an important government department covering agriculture, biotechnology, medicine and atomic energy. The multidisciplinary Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) is a vital constituent of PAEC with the most high-caliber research scientists in the nation. PINSTECH conducts research into nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, materials science and applications of radioisotopes in medicine and industry.
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