A cluster of protogalaxies at redshift 3.4?

Article Abstract:

Neutral hydrogen in a group of protogalaxies may be producing the 21-centimeter hydrogen line at a redshift of 3.4 reported by J.M. Uson and colleagues. The protogalaxies' existence accounts for the damped Lyman-alpha absorption systems in quasar spectra. This analysis of the data supports the model of galaxy formation which holds that the coalescing of protogalactic units is the first stage. The narrow hydrogen emission line suggests that the protocluster is approaching the gravitational turn-around that precedes the origin of separate galaxies.

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Lumps in the early Universe

Article Abstract:

Cosmologists refute the theory of the origin and the clustering of galaxiesby asserting that these cluster formations are not a recent phenomena but have been occurring for many millineiums. Theoretical predictions regarding the behavior of the mass distribution in the formation of galaxies are based on the study of the formation of objects, and the density factors of clustering.

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Wrestling monsters deep in space

Article Abstract:

Giant star-forming galaxies often cannot be observed through optical telescopes because the large clouds of dust the processes generate block the starlight. Methods for penetrating the dust and measuring the distance to these galaxies on the submillimetre level through measuring redshifts using radio telescopes are explored.

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