Article Abstract:
Opinion as to how many plumes there may be under Africa has been divided, with some proposals of up to around 40 volcanic hotspots. Ebinger and Sleep have proposed that much of the volcanism may be explained by a single, large plume. They suggested that the region has been affected by the Afar plume covering an area extending down to the east African rift, offshore and south to the Comoros Islands and west to the Darfur uplift, and possibly even further. The scattered nature of associated volcanism could be explained by variations in the thickness of the lithosphere throughout the region.
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Article Abstract:
The eyes of the east African caecilian Scolecomorphus kirkii are present on the lateral sides of the tentacle base and can be protruded beyond the roofing bones of the skull into the environment. The eyes are located in a tentacular groove covered by skin lacking pigment. They move along a translucent tract during tentacle protrusion and retraction. This exposes them to ambient sunlight irrespective of tentacle position. Caecilians are limbless fossorial amphibians found in the humid tropics.
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Article Abstract:
Northern and central African geology is characterized by wide plateaux, volcanism and narrow swells. Largest magma volumes occur on the greater than 1000-km-wide Ethiopian and east African plateaux. A model of a single large plume beneath the Ethiopian plateau is presented, taking into account lateral flow and ponding of plume material. It may explain distributions and timings of magmatism and uplift throughout east Africa.
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