A Hox by any other name

Article Abstract:

Swapping the protein-coding sequences of two Hox genes makes it possible to demonstrate that the protein products of these genes are functionally equivalent, even though their sequences are very different and the genes have different biological functions. It is suggested that, for Hox genes, quantity is more significant than quality. These findings may reflect a general principle of Hox gene function, with large-scale amplification of Hox genes early in vertebrate evolution prompting a shift in the functional strategy of their protein products.

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Hox gene expression in teleost fins and the origin of vertebrate digits

Article Abstract:

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) HoxD and HoxA complex genes are instrumental in the development of teleost fins and yet do not appear to directly encourage the evolution of vertebrate digits. The fin structure parallels vertebrate limbs but not digits which appear to be neomorphic structures produced by a morphological variation of an unequal posterior proliferation instead of a reorganization of existing elements.

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Hox genes and the making of sphincters

Article Abstract:

HoxD genes are necessary for sphincters to be formed for the subdivision of the developing gut, separating the large bowel from the small intestine. It should be noted that it is possible that gene clustering results in, rather than from, the recruitment of several genes together.

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