The changing political participation of postcommunist citizens

Article Abstract:

Political participation in the postcommunist countries shortly after they acquired independence is studied to analyze the trends in membership in associations of civil society, involvement in several types of conventional political activities and attitudes towards different protest behaviors. It is seen that there is a low level of associational membership, a slow increase in conventional involvements in countries that are closer to Western Europe in historical experiences and citizens seem to be in favor of nonviolent political protest.

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National identity and democratic consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe

Article Abstract:

Attitudinal data from the fifteen-country study 'Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1998-2001' were used to test two alternative arguments about the impact of national identity on democratic consolidation. It was demonstrated that while national identity is important in all countries and enables the consolidation of democracy, its effect on democracy remains minimal as compared to other, more political attitudes.

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Unequal political participation in Europe

Article Abstract:

Social factors like education, gender, position or age affect the political participation of individuals in Europe. The socially advanced individuals play a significant role in politics.

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