Article Abstract:
Research into the effect of legislative reform on the viability of small primary schools reveals that the centralization of educational control has a negative effect on the educational and economic environment for small schools. Results are based on a 1993 study of small schools in England and Wales; topics include government policy, local management of schools, financial restrictions on local authorities, and ways that local action can support small schools, such as clustering and volunteer support.
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Article Abstract:
A transfer of methodology was utilized in the development studies in the South to explore their usefulness for rethinking the European countryside, using two analytical concepts - Sen's livelihood capabilities approach and Chambers' participatory rural appraisal (PRA). The studies suggested that the concept of PRA is constrained by structural factors, which define boundaries for local development, while the capabilities approach was found useful to detect the capabilities to act.
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Article Abstract:
Farm diversification in England and Wales has become an important strategy due to the agricultural crisis. This article discusses various farm diversification techniques such as renting out farm buildings and hirework, and concludes that diversification only contributes small amounts to average incomes and can be difficult to manage on small farms.
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