Article Abstract:
This article examines the concept of a safe period as a reinforcing stimulus that leads to the development of avoidance behavior in animals during tasks involving electric shocks. These safe periods, or the shock-free intervals following specific conditioned responses, become natural reinforcing stimuli that contribute to avoidance behavior.
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Article Abstract:
The failure of man to transmit the excitement of doing research and thrill of finding out things no one knew before is discussed. Results show that practitioners have a kind of happy experience all the time as they successfully create adaptive behavior to replace maldaptive behavior.
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Article Abstract:
The author discusses the theory that reinforcement contingencies produce equivalence relations. Topics include simple discrimination, conditional discrimination, and operant reinforcement.
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