Academic research and industrial innovation: an update of empirical findings

Article Abstract:

Academic research continues to play a vital role in the development of new products and processes. A sample of 77 major companies from 1986 to 1994 revealed that more than 10% of new products and processes introduced during the covered period could not have been achieved without the availability of recent academic research. Meanwhile, innovations that could not have been created without the availability of recent academic research has resulted to a 2% cost savings.

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Facing the problem of unbalanced development of knowledge across sectors and fields: the case of the knowledge base in primary education

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Issues concerning the structure and dynamics of the knowledge base in the education field are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on why the creation and circulation of knowledge do not function effectively and what type of changes should be introduced at the system level to boost the process of knowledge development.

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Quandaries in the economics of dual technologies and spillovers from military to civilian research and development

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