Article Abstract:
The Transmission Deficit hypothesis was developed and tested to determine the effect of aging on the retrieval of orthographic knowledge. Young, older and very old adults were asked to write down each of the words which they earlier listened to over the tape recorder. The experiment found misspellings to be correlational with aging, particularly for high-frequency words. As predicted by the Transmission Deficit hypothesis, a decline in the retrieval of orthographic knowledge can be noted as age increases, which resembles age-related declines in spoken word retrieval.
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Article Abstract:
A study was conducted to assess and identify social downgrading as reflected in the difference between perceptions about the self and a given domain. Results indicate that with regard to all domains, younger, middle-aged and older adults believed other people's problem to be more serious than their own problems in these domains. Social downgrading was evident for those domains in which a given respondent experienced his or her own problems. The self-protection tendency under threat was prevalent among older adults.
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Article Abstract:
A survey of 398 individuals ranging in age from 26-64 was conducted to find out whether self-perception included opinions about their past and future. Results indicated that participants perceived themselves according to three ideals, namely, exploratory stage during early adulthood, productivity during middle adulthood and complacency during the later adult stage. Older adults were slightly less idealistic than younger ones.
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