Article Abstract:
Examination of the fogwater and rainwater samples collected in northeastern Bavaria, Germany, showed high levels of haloacetates. Subsequent research indicates that the brominated ones are of marine origin.
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Article Abstract:
Monthly mean concentrations of chloroacetic acids in rainwater collected near the center of Zurich and in a rural area of Switzerland from 1993 to 1995 have been found to reach one ug/L. Monochloroacetic acid was found to be most abundant, followed by dichloro- and trichloroacetic acid. Either evaporation in the presence of base or anion exchange of the deprotonated acids enriched the chloroacetic acids, and derivatized these to their respective propyl esters. These were determined using gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD), by coupled-column GC-ECD or by GC/mass spectrometry.
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Article Abstract:
Sediment studies in the Lake Saimaa of Finland were conducted to determine the 100 year history of organic halogens and heavy metals deposition in the lake. Organic halogens and heavy metals came from the bleaching pulping industry which established itself in the area in the 1950s, and whose waste water discharge emptied into the lake. Both extractable organic halogen and heavy metal concentration followed the same trend in the examination of the sediment, exhibiting negligible levels from 1880 to the the 1940s, increasing in significant quantities from the 1950s to the 1980s and declining slightly in the 1990s. The decline is attributed to the discontinued use of elemental chlorine in the bleaching process.
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