Article Abstract:
Mark Twain and Paul Laurence Dunbar intervened in the national imaginary with fiction and poetry of their own and exposed the racism of the period, in which scenes of slavery that appeared on the national landscape tended to be racist feel-good confections far removed from reality, and the lies of silent assertion behind which it hid. The critical arguments that challenge Twain and Dunbar of being trapped in subverting traditions are outlined.
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Article Abstract:
Issues concerning relations between whites and blacks are examined, focusing on a critical approach to the works of Richard Wright, Lillian Smith, and Chester Himes. Topics include racialized gender, sexuality, definitions of masculinity and feminity, and employment dynamics.
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Article Abstract:
The ways that cowboy, American manhood and welfare queen, despised black womanhood were used to promote independence as a national virtue are discussed.
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