Asian Capital in the age of European domination: the rise of the bazaar, 1800-1914

Article Abstract:

An in-depth study of the trade practices and credit transactions of the Chinese, Indian and Islamic-Jewish states in the nineteenth century challenges myths about the wide gap between the economies of the East and the West. Economic researchers find flaws in the Asian economy when they compare it with the organised and industrialized markets of the West. They perceive the bazaar economy as disoriented and fragmented system in which no wholesale transactions were possible. In reality, the bazaar economy provided an important middle layer that helped the expansion of the capitalist system.

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The P&O and the Asian specie network, 1850-1920

Article Abstract:

The Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Co. (P&O) provides an example of how shipping and financial interests can intermingle to create successful business ventures. The P&O had a very profitable Asian specie business, and the shipments allowed London exchange banks to finance trade between Britain and Asia between 1850 and 1920. The concentration of exchange operations in London demonstrates the degree of control that Britain had over international trade.

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Understanding languages of modernization: a Southeast Asian view

Article Abstract:

This article examines how the concept of development is expressed in several Southeast Asian languages. Most cases are presented in terms of modernization, yet there are divergent views of this term.

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