Article Abstract:
Invocations in English are performed at intertribal meetings such as powwows, invocations with many dimensions of meaning which can be brought out through analysis of ethnography, speech production, speech act and rhetorical pragmatics. The invocations are both direct and indirect illocutionary acts; the audience is implicitly addressed as well as the deity. The invocations promote bonding and self-esteem within the community. Speech acts include representatives, directives and evaluatives. Patterns of hesitation, pitch and other aspects of production signal information units within the speech.
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Article Abstract:
Fieldwork among middle class couples in an English village centered on the use of rituals involving food and drink to create social groupings. Along with round-buying rituals in the pub, rituals in the home included the formal dinner party, informal dinner or lunch party, formal evening party and informal party. Inclusion in each event was based on degrees of intimacy, and reciprocity was expected. Acceptable behavior varied according to the context.
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Article Abstract:
The performance of oral epic and romance are illustrated with examples from two Turkic-speaking people of Central Asia. A focus on the relationship between words and music, singing and instrumental accompaniment, and on the role of gestures performances is presented.
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