Article Abstract:
Any designer must decide the best way to emphasize the most important part or idea in a document. Most desktop publishing and word processing programs offer a number of ways to imbue type with emphasis: boldface, all capitals, italics, reversal, drop shadows, underlining and, sometimes, color. When emphasizing text it is usually best to use either boldface, capitals or italics. Underlining is almost never a good idea as it decreases readability and can be confused with copy editing symbols. A paragraph can be emphasized by changing its typeface or the size of the type so it stands out from the remainder of the text. Rules, boxes, call-outs and reverse panels are graphic elements that call attention to paragraphs or quotes. One of the newer methods of emphasis is spot color. Emphasis means contrast; the greater the contrast, the more noticeable the object being emphasized.
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Article Abstract:
Deciding which typeface to use in publication can be a matter of aesthetics, but there are some logical guidelines to consider before opting for the most pleasing face. A typeface's size needs to be considered, because not all faces that have the same number of points are really the same size. Likewise the set width of a face is important, a narrow face is better suited for text that will be in columns. The type of printer you will be working with should dictate certain aspects of the type you choose, a low resolution printer needs a typeface that has been adapted to look good at low resolution. Depending on whether you will be using a typeface in text, or in headlines and tables, you need to decide whether to use a serif or sans serif face. Also, shiny, slick paper needs a typeface with gentle changes from thick to thin.
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Article Abstract:
Here are a few basic rules for positioning and cropping a photograph while designing a page layout. Place your strongest image in the top half of the page, above the fold. Use large pictures, rather than several smaller ones, when designing a cover. Group small pictures together to form a single, striking element. Asymmetrical arrangements appear more lively. Use contrast to add color and life to a page. Locate illustrations as near as possible to the text that refers to them. Use column grids to shape and position photos or illustrations. Whenever possible, position and scale illustrations over a spread. Handle original photos and illustrations with care.
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